CN105466883A - Device and method for detecting ischemic cerebrum based on TeraHertz wave reflecting type imaging - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting ischemic cerebrum based on TeraHertz wave reflecting type imaging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000001615 p wave Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000006474 Brain Ischemia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 12
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 abstract description 12
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- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for detecting ischemic cerebrum based on TeraHertz wave reflecting type imaging. The device comprises a TeraHertz source, a data acquisition card, a computer, a two-dimensional movement platform, a TeraHertz lens, a TeraHertz detector and the like. By means of the device, TeraHertz waves can be controlled and detected by putting all optical elements at different places, and the device is reasonable in overall layout, compact in structure, high in measurement accuracy and easy to operate. The invention further provides an ischemic cerebrum detecting method which can accurately reflect the diseased region, the focus size and ischemic penumbra through the detecting device in time. By means of the method, ischemic cerebrum imaging is achieved, and the diseased region, the focus size and ischemic penumbra of ischemic cerebrum can be accurately reflected two hours after cerebral ischemia.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomedical imaging field, specifically, relate to a kind of pick-up unit and method of the ischemic tissue of brain based on the reflective imaging of THz wave.
Background technology
Cerebral arterial thrombosis is one of principal disease threatening global human health, accounts for 60 ~ 70% of whole patients with cerebral apoplexy, has the higher incidence of disease, disability rate and mortality ratio.Cerebral ischemia refers to the function of brain cell and morphologic change that cause because cerebral blood flow (CBF) declines, and only have after cerebral blood flow (CBF) decline reaches certain level and certain time, brain tissue ischemic just can occur and changes.The cerebral blood flow (CBF) that a variety of causes causes declines all can make cell hypoxia, and cerebral anoxia energy metabolism impairment directly suppresses the activity of sodium/potassium ATP enzyme on plasma membrane, and potassium ion outflows in a large number; Calcium ion, chlorion and sodion flow into and assemble in cell, and form hyperosmotic state in cell, a large amount of moisture content enters in cell, causes ECS to reduce, cellular swelling (cytotoxic edema).The now non-opening of blood-brain barrier, after a few hours there is ischemic necrosis in histocyte.Vascular endothelial cell damage after 5 to 6 hours, causes blood-brain barrier disruption, and protein permeability increases, ion permeability also increases greatly, and tissue space moisture content is assembled, and forms vasogenic edema, organize total moisture content to increase gradually, now cerebral ischemia is to irreversible future development.Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are very important, and distinguish certain region brain tissue ischemia whether and the ischemic order of severity can provide diagnosis basis and operation decision-making foundation for clinical treatment.
At present, for acute cerebral ischemia the most effectively, one of the most promising methods for the treatment of carries out thromboembolism treatment at Super acute (<6h), if but thrombolysis to select opportunity improper, not only can causing bleeding property cerebral infarction, and reperfusion injury can increase the weight of local brain tissue anoxic, increase the weight of the state of an illness, even accelerate patient death.Therefore, find and a kind ofly can determine that the method for lesions position and scope seems very important in early days.But the medical imaging detection method that present stage uses hospital traditional, as: the formation methods such as CT, MRI, check that ischemic tissue of brain needs could show ischemic focus after 6 hours of onset, and the scope of cerebral ischemic penumbra, the degree of ischemic cannot be determined and react diseased region accurately.Therefore the biomedical imaging technology finding a kind of diseased region that can reflect cerebral ischemia tissue as early as possible accurately, size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra is newly needed.This pathological analysis for early stage brain tissue ischemia is studied and is realized early diagnosis, and the research of the scope and the normal brain tissue of protection that farthest reduce ischemic necrosis has great practical significance.
(Terahertz is called for short THz, 1THz=10 to Terahertz
12hz) wave band refers to that frequency is from 100GHz to 10THz, corresponding wavelength from 3 millimeters to 30 microns, the electromagnetic wave spectrum region that spectral range is quite wide between millimeter wave and infrared light.Because this frequency range is the frequency range of macroelectronics to the transition of microcosmic photonics, there is a lot of unique character, particularly because the vibration of a lot of biomacromolecule and rotational frequency all fall within terahertz wave band, material is in the transmitting of THz wave wave band, abundant physics and chemistry information is contained in reflection and transmitted spectrum, and the photon energy of the THz wave low electromagnetic photon energy of the 1THz (only have an appointment 4meV), it is far smaller than the energy of X ray, can not to biomacromolecule, biological cell and tissue produce harmful ionization, be particularly suitable for carrying out biopsy to biological tissue.In addition, THz wave is very responsive to hydrone, the hydration of concertedness in aqueous solution between ion and protein effectively can not only be detected, and has high sensitivity especially to the moisture change of biological tissue.This likely makes THz wave be highly suitable for the moisture of biological tissue and Related Component change detects, and then the health tissues of difference biosome and diseased tissue or identification.Meanwhile, it is to biological characteristic cell density and arrangement comparatively sensitivity thereof.Therefore, THz wave imaging technique has great application prospect and using value in fields such as real-time biological information extraction, biological tissue's biopsy, medical imaging and medical diagnosiss.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain based on the reflective imaging of THz wave is provided, apparatus of the present invention are by putting the control and detection that realize THz wave to the difference of each optical component, device integral layout is reasonable, compact conformation, measuring accuracy is high, simple to operate; Another object of the present invention be utilize above-mentioned detection device provide a kind of can the detection method of ischemic tissue of brain of the diseased region of reflection cerebral ischemia tissue promptly and accurately, size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra, adopt this detection method to ischemic tissue of brain imaging, can be implemented in after cerebral ischemia occurs 2 hours, reflect the diseased region of cerebral ischemia tissue, size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra accurately.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, comprise THz source, data collecting card and computing machine, the THz wave that described THz source is launched incides the wire grating with described THz wave angle at 45 °, and a part for described THz wave is incident to the first terahertz detector be connected with described data collecting card input end after described wire grating reflection;
Another part of described THz wave after wire grating transmission successively through the first gold-plated film catoptron, second gold-plated film catoptron and the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron, THz wave after the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron reflection is incident to the first Terahertz lens with the angle of 30 °-60 °, THz wave after described first Terahertz lens transmission is incident to the second Terahertz lens after being used to the two-dimensional movement platform reflection of placement brain tissue sample, THz wave after the second Terahertz lens transmission is incident to the second terahertz detector be connected with data collecting card input end,
Described computing machine receives the mobile message of data that described data collecting card collects and described two-dimensional movement platform.
The frequency range of the THz wave that described THz source is launched is 0.1THz-10THz.
Described two-dimensional movement platform is configured to by propping up of hollow, is provided with the substrate for placing brain tissue sample directly over described support.Described substrate is quartz glass material.
The detection method of the pick-up unit of the described ischemic tissue of brain based on the reflective imaging of THz wave, step is as follows:
(1) THz source launches THz wave, incides on described wire grating, and the incident light when THz wave of described wire grating reflection detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the first terahertz detector; The reflected light when THz wave of described wire grating transmission detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the second terahertz detector;
(2) brain tissue sample is positioned over two-dimensional movement platform, the position of adjustment two-dimensional movement platform, the brain tissue sample be placed on two-dimensional movement platform is made to be on the focal plane of the first Terahertz lens, the current location information of computer recording two-dimensional movement platform; Above-mentioned reflected light is detected by the second terahertz detector successively after the transmission of the transmission of the first Terahertz lens, the reflection of brain tissue sample and the second Terahertz lens; Data collecting card gathers signal that the first terahertz detector and the second terahertz detector detect simultaneously and is delivered to computing machine after being converted to data, obtains the incident intensity of brain tissue sample in this position and reflective light intensity respectively;
(3) repeated execution of steps (2), final incident intensity and the reflective light intensity obtaining diverse location place in brain tissue sample; Calculate the hydrone volumetric concentration of brain tissue sample in above-mentioned all positions by Fresnel formula, finally draw out the image of brain tissue sample.
It is as follows in the step of the hydrone volumetric concentration of above-mentioned all positions that Fresnel formula described in step (3) calculates brain tissue sample:
By
I＝E
2
Wherein, I is light intensity, and E is the amplitude of electric vector, the reflection occurred on two linear dielectric interfaces due to light and refracting characteristic and electric vector complex amplitude
direction of vibration have substantial connection, with Fresnel formula characterize namely:
Wherein,
with
be respectively s ripple and p wave reflection coefficient,
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light complex amplitude in the electric vector of s direction (component perpendicular to the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light electric vector in p direction (being parallel to the component of the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively the refractive index of air and sample, θ
1for incident angle, θ
2for refraction angle;
By the known n of Snell's law
1sin θ
1=n
2sin θ
2, and refractive index in air
so Fresnel formula is written as:
Incide THz wave in brain tissue sample only at p direction or s direction polarization, then only consider formula:
Or
By the amplitude signal E of the incident intensity the recorded electric vector corresponding with reflective light intensity
ipand E
rp(or E
isand E
rs), obtain through Fourier transform
with
(or
with
), by the above-mentioned complex index of refraction calculating brain tissue sample:
wherein n
2for the real refractive index of sample, κ is extinction coefficient;
Again by the relation of absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient: α=4 π ν κ/c, try to achieve absorption coefficient, wherein ν is frequency, and c is the light velocity;
Due to the water concentration that the position that degree of ischemia is different is specifically different, and when THz wave reflects at the position that degree of ischemia is different, its degree absorbed by brain tissue is also different, so the absorption coefficient of brain tissue sample's diverse location to Terahertz reflects the water concentration distribution of brain tissue diverse location, and draw out the ischemia of brain tissue on this basis.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that technical scheme of the present invention is brought is:
The present invention utilizes THz wave to have for tissue water concentration the drafting that the hypersensitivity feature different with the water concentration of brain tissue in different ischemic situation achieves brain tissue ischemia situation distribution plan, use the present invention not only significantly can observe diseased region in cerebral ischemia after 2 hours, and size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra can be reflected accurately, this is that other traditional biological medical imaging technologies not reached at present, also for the pathological analysis of early stage brain tissue ischemia is studied and realizes early diagnosis, the scope of maximum minimizing ischemic necrosis and the research of the normal brain tissue of protection provide new technological means.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pick-up unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 experimental result schematic diagram.
Reference numeral: the 1-THz source 2-wire grating 3-first terahertz detector gold-plated film catoptron 5-second of 4-first gold-plated film catoptron 6-the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron 7-first Terahertz lens 8-two-dimensional movement platform 9-second Terahertz lens 10-second terahertz detector 11-data collecting card 12-computing machine
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1, based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, comprise THz source 1, data collecting card 11 and computing machine 12, the frequency range of the THz wave that THz source 1 is launched is 0.1THz-10THz, THz source 1 launches THz wave, incide on wire grating 2, wire grating 2 plays the effect of light splitting, the position of putting wire grating 2 makes itself and incident THz wave angle at 45 °, the THz wave of incidence can be divided into the equal transmission THz wave of light intensity and reflected terahertz hereby ripple by such setting, incident light when THz wave after wire grating 2 reflects detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the first terahertz detector 3.
Reflected light when THz wave after wire grating 2 transmission detects as brain tissue sample, the THz wave of transmission is successively after light path transferred by the first gold-plated film catoptron 5 of gold-plated film catoptron 4, second and the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron 6, THz wave is made to incide the first Terahertz lens 7 with the angle of 30 °-60 °, by changing the angles of the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron 6 to change the incident angle of THz wave in specific operation process.First Terahertz lens 7 and the second Terahertz lens 9 form telescopic system, THz wave focuses on through the first Terahertz lens 7, at focus place, hot spot is minimum, by the position of adjustment two-dimensional movement platform 8, the brain tissue sample be placed on two-dimensional movement platform 8 can be made to be on the focal plane of the first Terahertz lens 7, THz wave incides in brain tissue sample, ischemic tissue of brain reflects, the THz wave of reflection, again through the second Terahertz lens 9, is finally detected by the second terahertz detector 10.Computing machine 12 receives the mobile message of data that data collecting card 11 collects and described two-dimensional movement platform 8, in the present embodiment, two-dimensional movement platform 8 is configured to by propping up of hollow, be provided with the substrate for placing brain tissue sample directly over support, described substrate is quartz glass material.
As follows according to the detection method step of above-mentioned detection device:
(1) THz source launches THz wave, incides on described wire grating, and the incident light when THz wave of described wire grating reflection detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the first terahertz detector; The reflected light when THz wave of described wire grating transmission detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the second terahertz detector;
(2) brain tissue sample is positioned over two-dimensional movement platform, the position of adjustment two-dimensional movement platform, the brain tissue sample be placed on two-dimensional movement platform is made to be on the focal plane of the first Terahertz lens, the current location information of computer recording two-dimensional movement platform; Above-mentioned reflected light is detected by the second terahertz detector successively after the transmission of the transmission of the first Terahertz lens, the reflection of brain tissue sample and the second Terahertz lens; Data collecting card gathers signal that the first terahertz detector and the second terahertz detector detect simultaneously and is delivered to computing machine after being converted to data, obtains the incident intensity of brain tissue sample in this position and reflective light intensity respectively;
(3) repeated execution of steps (2), final incident intensity and the reflective light intensity obtaining diverse location place in brain tissue sample; Calculate the hydrone volumetric concentration of brain tissue sample in above-mentioned all positions by Fresnel formula, finally draw out the image of brain tissue sample.
Brain tissue sample is calculated by Fresnel formula as follows in the step of the hydrone volumetric concentration of above-mentioned all positions described in step (3):
By
I＝E
2
Wherein, I is light intensity, and E is the amplitude of electric vector, the reflection occurred on two linear dielectric interfaces due to light and refracting characteristic and electric vector complex amplitude
direction of vibration have substantial connection, with Fresnel formula characterize namely:
Wherein,
with
be respectively s ripple and p wave reflection coefficient,
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light complex amplitude in the electric vector of s direction (component perpendicular to the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light electric vector in p direction (being parallel to the component of the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively the refractive index of air and sample, θ
1for incident angle, θ
2for refraction angle;
By the known n of Snell's law
1sin θ
1=n
2sin θ
2, and refractive index in air
so Fresnel formula is written as:
Incide THz wave in brain tissue sample only at p direction or s direction polarization, then only consider formula:
Or
By the amplitude signal E of the incident intensity the recorded electric vector corresponding with reflective light intensity
ipand E
rp(or E
isand E
rs), obtain through Fourier transform
with
(or
with
), by the above-mentioned complex index of refraction calculating brain tissue sample:
wherein n
2for the real refractive index of sample, κ is extinction coefficient;
Again by the relation of absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient: α=4 π ν κ/c, try to achieve absorption coefficient, wherein ν is frequency, and c is the light velocity;
Due in brain tissue, the water concentration that the position that degree of ischemia is different is specifically different, and when THz wave reflects at the position that degree of ischemia is different, its degree absorbed by brain tissue is also different.So the absorption coefficient of brain tissue diverse location to Terahertz reflects the water concentration distribution of brain tissue diverse location, and draw out the ischemia of brain tissue on this basis.Because THz wave has hypersensitivity, so use reflective formation method in cerebral ischemia after 2 hours, can reflect the diseased region of cerebral ischemia tissue, size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra accurately to the water concentration in tissue.
Carry out being detected as example with murine brain ischemia in the present embodiment.Frequency of utilization is 2.52THz and at the THz source of p direction polarization.First 5 fresh mouse ischemic tissue of brain samples are produced by medical means, its ischemic duration is respectively: 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 3.5h and 4h, then each mouse ischemic tissue of brain is cut into slices respectively, slice thickness is 40 microns, ensure that brain tissue sample's surface ratio is more smooth, next sample sections is placed on two-dimensional movement platform, make mobile platform point by point scanning of computerizeing control, collected the amplitude signal E of the incident light electric vector that Mice brain tissues is often put by the first terahertz detector and the second terahertz detector respectively
ipwith the amplitude signal E of reflected light electric vector
rp.Their complex amplitudes at frequency domain are obtained through Fourier transform
with
bring formula into:
Wherein,
with
be respectively the complex index of refraction of air and sample.θ
1for incident angle,
The complex index of refraction of Mice brain tissues each point can be calculated:
wherein n
2for sample refractive index, κ is extinction coefficient.
Again by the relation of absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient: α=4 π ν κ/c, can in the hope of absorption coefficient, wherein ν is frequency, and c is the light velocity.
And the water volume concentration of brain tissue diverse location is calculated according to the incident intensity of often and reflective light intensity, thus the ischemia of brain tissue is characterized with water volume concentration, finally draw and obtain ischemic tissue of brain pattern, see Fig. 2, can see at brain tissue ischemia after 2 hours, use this method accurately can reflect diseased region, size of tumor and cerebral ischemic penumbra clearly.
Claims (6)
1. based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, comprise THz source (1), data collecting card (11) and computing machine (12), it is characterized in that, the THz wave that described THz source (1) is launched incides and the wire grating at described THz wave angle at 45 ° (2), and a part for described THz wave is incident to the first terahertz detector (3) be connected with described data collecting card (11) input end after described wire grating (2) reflection;
Another part of described THz wave after wire grating (2) transmission successively through the first gold-plated film catoptron (4), second gold-plated film catoptron (5) and the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron (6), THz wave after the 3rd gold-plated film catoptron (6) reflection is incident to the first Terahertz lens (7) with the angle of 30 °-60 °, THz wave after described first Terahertz lens (7) transmission is incident to the second Terahertz lens (9) after being used to two-dimensional movement platform (8) reflection of placement brain tissue sample, THz wave after the second Terahertz lens (9) transmission is incident to the second terahertz detector (10) be connected with data collecting card (11) input end,
Described computing machine (12) receives the mobile message of data that described data collecting card (11) collects and described two-dimensional movement platform (8).
2. according to claim 1 based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, it is characterized in that, the frequency range of the THz wave that described THz source is launched is 0.1THz-10THz.
3. according to claim 1 based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, it is characterized in that, described two-dimensional movement platform (8) is configured to by propping up of hollow, is provided with the substrate for placing brain tissue sample directly over described support.
4. according to claim 3 based on the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, it is characterized in that, described substrate is quartz glass material.
5., according to claim 1 based on the detection method of the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain of the reflective imaging of THz wave, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) THz source (1) launches THz wave, incide on described wire grating (2), the incident light when THz wave that described wire grating (2) reflects detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the first terahertz detector (3); The reflected light when THz wave of described wire grating (2) transmission detects as brain tissue sample is detected by the second terahertz detector (10);
(2) brain tissue sample is positioned over two-dimensional movement platform (8), the position of adjustment two-dimensional movement platform (8), the brain tissue sample be placed on two-dimensional movement platform (8) is made to be on the focal plane of the first Terahertz lens (7), the current location information of computing machine (12) record two-dimensional movement platform (8); Above-mentioned reflected light is detected by the second terahertz detector (10) successively after the transmission of the transmission of the first Terahertz lens (7), the reflection of brain tissue sample and the second Terahertz lens (9); Data collecting card (11) gathers signal that the first terahertz detector (3) and the second terahertz detector (10) detect simultaneously and is delivered to computing machine (12) after being converted to data, obtains the incident intensity of brain tissue sample in this position and reflective light intensity respectively;
(3) repeated execution of steps (2), final incident intensity and the reflective light intensity obtaining diverse location place in brain tissue sample; Calculate the hydrone volumetric concentration of brain tissue sample in above-mentioned all positions by Fresnel formula, finally draw out the image of brain tissue sample.
6. the detection method of the pick-up unit of the ischemic tissue of brain based on the reflective imaging of THz wave according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, it is as follows in the step of the hydrone volumetric concentration of above-mentioned all positions that Fresnel formula described in step (3) calculates brain tissue sample:
By
I＝E
2
Wherein, I is light intensity, and E is the amplitude of electric vector, the reflection occurred on two linear dielectric interfaces due to light and refracting characteristic and electric vector complex amplitude
direction of vibration have substantial connection, with Fresnel formula characterize namely:
Wherein,
with
be respectively s ripple and p wave reflection coefficient,
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light complex amplitude in the electric vector of s direction (component perpendicular to the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively incident light and the reflected light electric vector in p direction (being parallel to the component of the plane of incidence),
with
be respectively the refractive index of air and sample, θ
1for incident angle, θ
2for refraction angle;
By the known n of Snell's law
1sin θ
1=n
2sin θ
2, and refractive index in air
so Fresnel formula is written as:
When inciding the THz wave in brain tissue sample only at p direction or s direction polarization, then only consider formula:
Or
By the amplitude signal E of the incident intensity the recorded electric vector corresponding with reflective light intensity
ipand E
rp(or E
isand E
rs), obtain through Fourier transform
with
(or
with
), by the above-mentioned complex index of refraction calculating brain tissue sample:
wherein n
2for the real refractive index of sample, κ is extinction coefficient;
Again by the relation of absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient: α=4 π ν κ/c, try to achieve absorption coefficient, wherein ν is frequency, and c is the light velocity;
Thus the ischemia of brain tissue sample is drawn out with the absorption coefficient of brain tissue sample of diverse location place to THz wave.
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