CN105466596A - Train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement - Google Patents
Train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN105466596A CN105466596A CN201610065194.2A CN201610065194A CN105466596A CN 105466596 A CN105466596 A CN 105466596A CN 201610065194 A CN201610065194 A CN 201610065194A CN 105466596 A CN105466596 A CN 105466596A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
- G01K11/3213—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering using changes in luminescence, e.g. at the distal end of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
A train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement comprises a temperature alarm host and is characterized by further comprising at least one temperature collection unit connected with the temperature alarm host through a communication and power bus, wherein the temperature collection units are connected with at least one fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe, and the fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probes are installed at the portions needing temperature measurement. The train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement is accurate in temperature measurement and good in electromagnetic interference resistance, has the fault judgment and alarm functions and can be refitted from an existing temperature measurement network on a train; furthermore, connection and communication are reliable, and temperature measurement inaccuracy and faults caused by demultiplexing and multiplexing of the train are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system for detecting temperature of train, particularly relate to a kind of system for detecting temperature of train axle.
Background technology
China Express Railway fast development in recent years, train running speed reaches 350km/h, and the various hazards that thereupon may run into also get more and more, so have higher requirement to train operating safety.Train is in operational process, the impact of rolling stock and rail, dynamic effect and vibration, the heating of each bearing of vehicle can be caused, when bearing wear with when producing defect, abnormal heating increases, and gently then causes machine to damage the normal operation affecting vehicle, heavy then cause fatigure failure even overheating of axle bearing directly cause train to break down overturning, cause huge Loss of Life and property, badly influence safety of railway traffic.
Temperature is the monitoring parameter that on train, electromechanical equipment is important, if the temperature of train electromechanical equipment is too high, can cause that insulating property reduce, sealing property is deteriorated, lubricant medium expands and rotten, the organic material sex change even problem such as carbonization, even can cause the major accidents such as machine is broken, fire.In order to improve security, need to carry out monitoring temperature to the critical component of train high-speed cruising, as bogie axle temperature, traction electric machine bearing and stator temperature, box bearing temperature.When running into the too high situation of temperature anomaly, train should automatic speed-limiting or parking in time, guarantees train operating safety.
The means of early stage bearing temperature monitoring are touched with hand when stopping by workman, according to people feel report to the police, this detection mode must be stopped and at substantial manpower; American had invented a kind of axle temperature self-recording unit without the need to stopping afterwards, wheel counting apparatus monitoring bearing temperature is coordinated in orbit by infrared thermometer, this approach reduces artificial, and without the need to stopping, but it remains a kind of non real-time monitoring mode, and it has requirement to train through out-of-date speed.In recent years along with the raising of train information level, China railways department is generally provided with the Axle Temperature Warning System based on platinum resistor temperature measuring on locomotive, motor-car, solves the Real-Time Monitoring of bearing temperature monitoring, limited speed problem.
Now, the temperature sensor mainly platinum resistance of bogie axle-temperature detect train used.Because unit under test mainly concentrates on bogie, working environment is very severe, and bogie is provided with the powerful devices such as motor, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) is very strong, and bogie or the grounded parts of vehicle, often have the existence of high pressure, big current simultaneously.In order to make platinum resistance reliably working, platinum resistance temperature sensor being taken to the measures such as insulation, sealing, shielding, and in wiring process, avoiding strong electromagnetic parts, to improve voltage withstand class and anti-electromagnetic interference capability.Even if but take these measures, in use still there is a large amount of faults in platinum resistance temperature sensor, nor the demand of train axle temperature warning can be met completely, there is following shortcoming in it: 1, dielectric voltage withstand grade is low, electric locomotive, motor-car are by bogie ground connection, bogie has sometimes and exists up to 500V high voltage, Axle Temperature Warning System also needs to monitor motor temperature simultaneously, and the voltage of motor internal is up to 4000V.Although platinum resistance temperature sensor is by insulation, can tolerate this high voltage, but protection reliability being poor, can there is aging, cracking in its cable screen layer Long-Time Service, cause failure of insulation, and the water vapor of cable surface condensation exacerbates the impact of this shortcoming under the help of train wind pressure.2, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is poor, and the power motor of train is also positioned on bogie, and its power is very large, and electromagnetic radiation is very serious.The cable of platinum sensor is inevitably subject to the impact of electromagnetic radiation, often false alarm occurs.3, poor reliability, train bogie environment very severe, along with high vibration, impact, is impacted by the stone on track sometimes, also can experience complexity, violent temperature, humidity change.The bonding wire of platinum resistance temperature sensor is very very thin, easily breaks, short circuit under complex environment, and reliability is poor.4, cannot self diagnosis, platinum resistance temperature sensor carrys out measuring tempeature by the resistance measuring lead-in wire two ends. and be eliminate error, generally adopt three lines, four-wire system, therefore all cannot self diagnosis for the above various faults occurred.There is producer to be differentiated faults such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) by software algorithm, but still cannot deal with problems completely.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of less by external interference, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, reliability is high, and can the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement of Real-Time Monitoring and warning.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, comprise temperature alarming main frame, it is characterized in that: also comprise between temperature alarming main frame by least one temperature collecting cell that communication and power bus are connected, at least one temperature collecting cell described connects at least one fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe, and described fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe is installed on the position needing measuring tempeature.
Preferably; described temperature collecting cell comprises power module, protection circuit, CPU and at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit; described power module and protection circuit are connected with communication and power bus respectively; at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit is connected respectively with at least one waterproof optical fiber connector be located at outside temperature collecting cell; and be connected to described at least one fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe respectively by least one waterproof optical fiber connector, described CPU is connected respectively with power module, protection circuit and fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit.
In order to testing environment temperature, described temperature collecting cell also comprises temperature demodulation circuit and environment temperature sensor, described environment temperature sensor is connected with temperature demodulation circuit, and environment temperature sensor is located at the outside of temperature collecting cell, and described temperature demodulation circuit is connected with described CPU.
Preferably, described environment temperature sensor is PT100, PT1000, NTC or digitized thermometric chip.
Preferably, described communication and power bus can be existing train communication network and additional independent power bus, or RS485 bus or CAN.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that this train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, not only thermometric is accurate, electromagnetism interference performance is good, and also there is the function that breakdown judge is reported to the police, the thermometric network on existing train can be utilized to carry out transformation obtain, and connecting communication is reliable, also can not cause the generation of the inaccurate of thermometric and fault because of the decomposition multiplex of train.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the temperature collecting cell of the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The fibre optic temperature sensor of existing many kinds of principles is developed now, but due to aspects such as cost, precision, reliabilities, current Application comparison has fiber Bragg grating type, fluorescence type and Raman formula widely.Wherein, fiber grating is embedded in tested position by fiber Bragg grating type sensor, and during temperature variation, cycle and the refractive index of grating change, and cause its peak reflectance wavelength to change; The advantage of fiber-optic grating sensor is that temperature measurement accuracy is high, wiring is simple, all the sensors can be cascaded, only connect 1 to 2 connectors, greatly reduce wiring cost, its shortcoming is that detuner is very expensive, but reduces the integrated cost of system by the connection in series-parallel of large quantity sensor.
Fluorescence type fibre optic temperature sensor is integrated with one piece of fluorophor at the end of optical fiber, the light de-energisation fluorophor of the certain wavelength of fibre optical transmission, and after encouraging the intensity of the fluorescence obtained to disappear with driving source, the sunset glow time of fluorescence is relevant with temperature; The advantage of fluorescent optical sensor is that detuner principle is simple, and with low cost, shortcoming is all measurement point parallel joins, and when measurement point is more, wiring cost is higher.
Raman formula fibre optic temperature sensor utilizes the ratio of the Stokes in optical fiber, the anti Stokes scattering intensity characteristic relevant with temperature to carry out temperature survey, and by the position of high-speed sampling determination point for measuring temperature; Its advantage uses common communication optical fiber to measure, and can carry out seamless measurement to the temperature that optical fiber is along the line, the medial temperature of shortcoming to be measured temperature be one section of optical fiber, and temperature measurement accuracy is relatively low.
In these three kinds of technology, Fiber Bragg Grating technology is suitable for the temperature survey of large-scale application occasion, as Transformer Winding, switch cabinet contact temperature monitoring in the electric generating set rotor in big power station, stator temperature monitoring and transformer station, fluorescent technique is suitable for the temperature survey of middle and small scale application scenario, as the transformer in Small Substation, switch cabinet temperature monitor, and Raman thermometry is suitable for the temperature monitoring of long-distance line shape object, as the temperature monitoring in cable, underground cable ditch, tunnel.These three kinds of technology all obtain extensive application in the industries such as electric power at present, and wherein the above two are for a thermometric, and the latter is used for line thermometric.
In train, adopt fibre optic temperature sensor can have following advantage:
1) dielectric voltage withstand grade is high, and optical fiber adopts the materials such as quartz, plastics to make, and the insulating material that these materials are inherently excellent, therefore Fibre Optical Sensor dielectric voltage withstand grade is high, and the optical fiber of 0.4 meter long can tolerate the voltage of 100,000 volts.
2) anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, and what transmit in optical fiber is light signal, and what generally adopt is nonpolarized light, and its transmission is not completely by electromagnetic interference influence.
3) reliability is high; temperature sensing device in fiber-optic grating sensor is by mask method photoetching grating in a fiber; and protected by ceramic Non-stress packaging; disconnected fine possibility is extremely low; and the temperature sensing device of fluorescence thermometric is the fluorophor of optical fiber connector; and protected by plastic package process, be difficult to come off.
4) can fault self-diagnosis, the fault mainly optical fiber disconnection of Fibre Optical Sensor, the light intensity that this point receives easily via demodulating equipment judges, and the demodulation of the temperature signal of fiber grating and these two kinds of sensors of fluorescence thermometric and light intensity are that it doesn't matter, therefore reliably fault self-diagnosis can be carried out.
Current optical fiber grating temperature-measuring and fluorescence fiber temperature measurement are all comparatively proven technique, all obtain extensive application in power industry, but in the environment of train axle temperature monitoring, optical fiber grating temperature-measuring exists following shortcoming:
1) cost is higher, fiber grating demodulation technical sophistication, (FBG) demodulator is expensive, must by the multiplexing on a large scale average unit cost that reduces of hundreds of point, although and train has a hundreds of point for measuring temperature, for motor-car, but train needs decomposition multiplex comparatively frequently, a hundreds of grating that a train is connected can cause compartment to exchange, and the number of times of joints of optical fibre plug simultaneously needs less, and on-the-spot dust safeguarded by train, greasy dirt also can pollute the joints of optical fibre.
2) redundance is lower, and in optical fiber grating temperature-measuring scheme, all sensor series are on an optical fiber, once separated in optical fiber, points for measuring temperature all below all can lose efficacy, even if backed up by ring topology, is also unable to cope with the extreme case that two points interrupt.
3) interchangeability is poor, in fiber grating measuring circuit, each sensor needs the grating using wavelength different, once there be a point to damage, just must change a duplicate sensor to get on, so just require that maintenance station has tens kinds of different sensors simultaneously, in the process of emat sensor, workman also needs the model carefully checking sensor, therefore maintainable poor.
4) Difficulty, fiber-optic grating sensor adopts ring topology, completely different from the star topology structure of existing Axle Temperature Warning System, fiber grating probe is in order to make optical fiber turn around simultaneously, need adopt larger probe diameter, because optical fiber has minimum bending radius, being less than this radius fiber optic can rupture, and the serial structure of fiber grating requires that optical fiber at the tip turn of probe, need so just require that existing train is reequiped.Because existing motor train unit, locomotive stock are very large, the popularization of this product is very difficult.
And fluorescence fiber temperature measurement is compared with optical fiber grating temperature-measuring, there is following advantage:
1) cost is low, and the demodulation techniques of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement technology are relatively easy, and cost is lower.
2) redundance is high, adopts and the duplicate star topology structure of platinum resistance, and each root probe is all separate, and break down and can not affect other probe, redundance is higher.
3) interchangeability is good, and the characteristic of each root fluorescence optical fiber probe is all completely the same, without the need to again demarcating after exchange.
4) it is easier to promote, and topological structure and the existing platinum resistance Axle Temperature Warning System of fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor are completely compatible, can adopt identical system schema; The small volume of sonde body simultaneously, without the need to changing existing sonde configuration, therefore popularization is more easy.
In sum, fluorescence fiber temperature measurement technology is best suited for train temperature monitoring and reports to the police.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, for the schematic diagram of the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence optical fiber of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, a temperature alarming main frame 1. and several temperature collecting cells 2 based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe should be comprised based on the train axle temperature monitoring system of fluorescence optical fiber, some fluorescence fiber temperature measurements probe 3, and communication and power bus 4.Temperature alarming main frame 1 is arranged in any joint compartment of headstock or train, each temperature collecting cell 2 is connected respectively by communication and power bus 4, and carry out communication by communication and between power bus 4 and each temperature collecting cell 2, each temperature collecting cell 2 is all connected with multiple fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe 3, and detected by the pop one's head in temperature at each position of 3 pairs of trains of each fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, by communication and power bus 4, signal is sent to temperature alarming main frame 1.Communication and power bus 4 can be existing train communication network and additional independent power bus, as vehicle-mounted Ethernet, WTB bus, MVB etc., power bus additional other is respectively to power to device, also can be the special communication of native system and power bus, as RS485 bus or CAN etc.This each temperature collecting cell 2 is the corresponding position be located in bogie or be located at certain concentrated thermometric respectively, and the plurality of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe 3 is installed on the position that axletree, motor, gear case etc. need detection respectively.
As shown in Figure 2, for the schematic diagram of temperature collecting cell 2, this temperature collecting cell 2 comprises power module 21, protection circuit 22, CPU23, temperature demodulation circuit 24, environment temperature sensor 25 and at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit 26, described power module 21 is connected with communication and power bus 4 respectively with protection circuit 22, environment temperature sensor 25 is connected with temperature demodulation circuit 24, and environment temperature sensor 25 is located at the outside of temperature collecting cell 2, at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit 26 is connected respectively with at least one waterproof optical fiber connector 31 be located at outside temperature collecting cell 2, CPU23 and power module 21, protection circuit 22, temperature demodulation circuit 24 is connected respectively with at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit 26.Fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit 26 and fluorescence fiber temperature measurement are popped one's head in the identical and one_to_one corresponding of 3 numbers.
One end of this temperature collecting cell 2 is connected with communication and power bus 4; this communication and power bus 4 can be separated two; be respectively communication bus and power bus; the power module 21 of power bus in temperature collecting cell 2 is converted to the supply voltage required for all parts in temperature collecting cell 2; power to each parts in temperature collecting cell 2, communication bus is changed afterwards by the protection circuit 22 in temperature collecting cell 2 and CPU23 carries out communication.Several fluorescence fiber temperature measurements probe 3 is connected with temperature collecting cell 2 by waterproof optical fiber connector 31, the light signal that fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe 3 gathers is converted to voltage signal by fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit 26 by temperature collecting cell 2, the signal of CPU23 to each change-over circuit gathers, and is converted to temperature value by relevant algorithm.CPU23 is also gathered by the temperature of temperature demodulation circuit 24 pairs of environment temperature sensors 25 simultaneously.Environment temperature sensor 25 is generally the temperature sensor of low cost, as PT100, PT1000, NTC or digitized thermometric chip.
The train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to temperature monitoring and the warning at the position such as axletree, motor, gear case of subway train, high ferro, motor-car, common passenger train, electric locomotive, diesel locomotive and lorry.
Native system adopts fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor, and probe segment is nonconductor, has the very high class of insulation, there will not be the phenomenon such as short circuit, ground connection of platinum resistance temperature sensor under online skin cracking, breakage; Probe adopts optical fiber to transmit between temperature collecting cell, not by electromagnetic interference (EMI), there will not be the phenomenon of platinum resistance temperature sensor false alarm under strong electromagnetic; Unique fault that probe occurs is broken string, and the light intensity that this fault can be returned by optical fiber detects, the principle of fluorescence thermometric is measured by the damping time constant of light intensity simultaneously, the decay of the direct current component of light intensity can not have an impact to measurement, therefore sensor fault can self-inspection easily out, can not false alarm be there is; And the demodulator circuit of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement system is comparatively simple, cost is lower, and more easily mutually compatible with existing system of Pt-resistance; Compared with the serial topological structure adopted with optical fiber grating temperature-measuring, fluorescence fiber temperature measurement system adopts stelliform connection topology configuration, lays mode comparatively flexible; And the probe of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement system can be completely general, and without the need to again demarcating, maintainable better.
Claims (5)
1. the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, comprise temperature alarming main frame (1), it is characterized in that: also comprise between temperature alarming main frame (1) by least one temperature collecting cell (2) that communication and power bus (4) are connected, described at least one temperature collecting cell (2) connects at least one fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe (3), and described fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe (3) is installed on the position needing measuring tempeature.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the train axle temperature monitoring system of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, it is characterized in that: described temperature collecting cell (2) comprises power module (21), protection circuit (22), CPU (23) and at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit (26), described power module (21) is connected with communication and power bus (4) respectively with protection circuit (22), at least one fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit (26) is connected respectively with at least one waterproof optical fiber connector (31) being located at temperature collecting cell (2) outside, and be connected to described at least one fluorescence fiber temperature measurement probe (3) respectively by least one waterproof optical fiber connector (31), described CPU (23) and power module (21), protection circuit (22) is connected respectively with fluorescence optical fiber temperature demodulation circuit (26).
3. as claimed in claim 2 based on the train axle temperature monitoring system of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, it is characterized in that: described temperature collecting cell (2) also comprises temperature demodulation circuit (24) and environment temperature sensor (25), described environment temperature sensor (25) is connected with temperature demodulation circuit (24), and environment temperature sensor (25) is located at the outside of temperature collecting cell (2), described temperature demodulation circuit (24) is connected with described CPU (23).
4., as claimed in claim 3 based on the train axle temperature monitoring system of fluorescence fiber temperature measurement, it is characterized in that: described environment temperature sensor (25) is PT100, PT1000, NTC or digitized thermometric chip.
5. the train axle temperature monitoring system based on fluorescence fiber temperature measurement according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described communication and power bus (4) can be existing train communication network and additional independent power bus, or RS485 bus or CAN.
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