CN1054651C - Multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant and high toughness grinding balls and its prodn. method - Google Patents
Multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant and high toughness grinding balls and its prodn. method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054651C CN1054651C CN96117321A CN96117321A CN1054651C CN 1054651 C CN1054651 C CN 1054651C CN 96117321 A CN96117321 A CN 96117321A CN 96117321 A CN96117321 A CN 96117321A CN 1054651 C CN1054651 C CN 1054651C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a multicomponent alloyed casting and forging grinding ball which has the advantages of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high toughness, and the present invention also relates to method for manufacture thereof. The present invention belongs to the technology of a ball grinder. The grinding ball is composed of the chemical composition of the following proportion by weight: 0.5 to 0.6 of C, 0.7 to 1.0 of Si, 2.3 to 2.6 of Mn, 0.6 to 1.0 of Cr, 0.001 to 0.0025 of B and 0.1 to 0.2 of Ti; P is smaller than or equal to 0.035, S is smaller than or equal to 0.035, Re is equal to 0.1, and the rest is Fe. The casting and forging, the ball forging, the residual heat homogenisation and the wind cooling hardening of the grinding ball are carried out at 250 to 350 DEG C so as to carry out thermal insulation retarded cooling for 12 to 18 hours, and then, the grinding ball is cooled to room temperature so as to carry out temper at 230 to 260 DEG C. The grinding ball has the advantages of strong toughness, reasonable matching, wear resistance, impact resistance and corrosion resistance, and is extensively used for mines, metallurgy and cement industry; the present invention is especially used for a wet ball grinder.
Description
A kind of multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant high toughness grinding balls and manufacture method thereof belong to the abrading-ball and the manufacture method thereof of Complex Alloy Steel material, relate to the ball mill technical field.
Abrading-ball is a kind of spare part of using the abrasion loss maximum on the ball mill, according to statistics, the present consumption of China surpasses 1,000,000 tons, is worth billions of units, and the abrading-ball kind of widespread use at present mainly contains following two big classes, first class is that steel alloy forges abrading-ball, this class ball good toughness, percentage of damage is low, but hardness is low not wear-resisting, and application is perishable in wet grinding mill, and overall consumption unit consumption is bigger.Another big class is the casting iron ball, and this kind ball wear resistance is better, but impact property is poor, and percentage of damage is very high, and because alloying elements such as its high carbon content and Cr easily form electrolytic corrosion in wet grinding mill solution, unit consumption is also very high.
The objective of the invention is to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, a kind of promptly have high hardness wear-resisting, high impact are provided, have again good corrosion resistance the multicomponent alloy that is particularly suitable for using on wet grinding mill preparation abrading-ball and process a kind of process stabilizing of this abrading-ball, manufacture method easy to operate, with low cost.
The present invention realizes with following technical scheme, multicomponent alloy abrasion-resistant anti-corrosion high-ductility abrading-ball, its chemical ingredients are (% meter by weight) C=0.50-0.60, Si=0.7-1.0, Mn=2.3-2.6, Cr=0.6-1.0, B=0.001-0.0025, Ti=0.1-0.2, P≤0.035, S≤0.035, RE=0.1, surplus Fe.
The manufacture method of multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant high toughness grinding balls, the molten metal that will contain above-mentioned chemical ingredients is made abrading-ball through following processing step successively: (1) is cast to sand mold casting section intracavity forming when molten metal is 1480～1530 ℃ of temperature, 1.7～2.4, weight slowly cools to below 200 ℃ air cooling again greater than the moulding ball section of finished ball weight 3% with length-to-diameter ratio; (2) with the polishing of ball section, optical crosstalk post-heating to 1050～1150 ℃ saturating the burning; (3) go into the forging hammer die forging at once more than 40 times, shaping is swaged into abrading-ball, and final forging temperature is 950～980 ℃; (4) put into temperature homogenisation device, will have the abrading-ball temperature precooling homogenizing to 830 of residual forging heat～860 ℃; (5) enter quench cooled on the spiral rolling rods type control high wind Cooling Quenching machine at once, cooling off with 〉=1.5 ℃/S speed more than 400 ℃,, be cooled to 250～350 ℃ and go out quenching press cooling off with≤1 ℃/S speed below 400 ℃; (6) in 150～250 ℃ of slow cooling holding furnaces residual heat insulation after 12～18 hours air cooling to room temperature; (7) be that abrading-ball is made in tempering in 3～4 hours 230～260 ℃ of times of carrying out.
The composition span of its each component of selection of abrading-ball provided by the invention and the reason of qualification are: the steel ball intensity index mainly shows its hardenability, hardening capacity two aspects.It at first is hardenability, C:C is a most important infrastructure elements of strengthening steel, the hardenability of decision steel, the formation that how much directly influences metallographic structure and carbide of C content in the steel, the particularly forming core of bainite and coarsening rate, also determine simultaneously the hardness of steel and the size of impelling strength, hardenability mainly is relevant with carbon content in the steel, be solid-solubilized in the carbon content in the austenite of steel when more precisely it is decided by to quench heating, be solid-solubilized in the austenite carbon content the more, hardness after the quenching is higher, also influence hardness as for alloying element, but be not so good as the remarkable of carbon influence, but a prerequisite is arranged, the hardness of steel ball is not to heal height better, but pursue best comprehensive mechanical performance in power, show hardness, wear resistance, impelling strength all will reach the ideal index, rather than the high martensite content of high-carbon, want to obtain more than the quenching hardness HRc60, shown in the relation curve of the highest hardness of Fig. 1 hardened steel and carbon content, selected C content is advisable between 0.5-0.7, finally determines between 0.5-0.6 in conjunction with test again.Carbon content is very little to the hardening capacity influence in this scope, needs other alloying element to improve; Si: add Si in the steel and impel C curve upwards to move, Si adds in the manganese steel can hinder the grain coarsening that produces because of manganese, Si, Mn add the hardening capacity reinforced effects that has better promotion steel in the steel simultaneously, and can overcome the superheated susceptivity of manganese steel, it is that ferrite is had bigger solution strengthening effect that Si also has a significant effect to steel, and its best effect scope is between the 0.7-1.0%.Mn:Mn outstanding feature in steel is that C curve is moved to right strongly, and the hardening capacity effect that improves steel is best, and Mn has strong strengthening effect to the ferrite in the steel simultaneously.Its disadvantageous one side is to impel grain coarsening, and the decarburization superheated susceptivity is strong.The diameter of considering product is bigger, and its content all can satisfy the requirement of thickness 160mm hardening capacity from 1.6-3.0%, through the performance test screening, because of the adding of Ti is arranged in the composition, is 2.3-2.6% so limit its scope again.Cr:Cr improves one of hardening capacity alloying element, its effect is lower than manganese slightly, C curve is moved to right, and make C curve divide two portions into, reflect perlite and bainite transformation two portions respectively, compare Cr with other element stronger to suppressing the bainite transformation effect, it is stronger carbide forming element, can stop grain coarsening, and the carbide of Cr forms the hard point of extreme hardness in steel, increase the wear resistance of steel, another performance of chromium is to improve the resistance to corrosion of abrading-ball.Consider from practicality and economy that for reason given above the content of Cr selects 0.6-1.0% to be advisable.B: contain the B that adds the 0.001-0.004% trace in Si, the Mn steel, to improving hardening capacity outstanding effect is arranged, in each element, hold pride of place, but excessive B is deleterious in steel, and B can only exist with solid solution condition could improve hardening capacity, because B is as lively as a cricket element, oxygen among the Yi Yugang and nitrogen form oxide compound, nitride, exist B can not improve hardening capacity with compound, excessive B exists with Fe2B can not improve hardening capacity, can have a strong impact on the toughness of steel.Facts have proved that 0.003%B content has made the toughness of steel stable inadequately.In addition, B improves hardening capacity to steel has C content to select, it is effective that B adds hypoeutectoid steel, it is invalid to add hypereutectoid steel, and as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is a boron to the relation curve of carbon content in the effect of hardening capacity and the steel, as can be seen from the figure B is the most effective in the steel raising hardening capacity of 0.4-0.6% to carbon content, according to test, the definite 0.5-0.6% that considers carbon content is for best so again, and B selects 0.001-0.0025% also just enough.Ti:Ti is the element that hinders grain coarsening strongly, the TiC that can form stabilizer pole stops AUSTENITE GRAIN COARSENING, the Mn amount that the present invention adds is bigger, grain coarsening very easily takes place, add a spot of Ti in the steel and not only can hinder grain coarsening, and the intensity of steel and toughness are improved simultaneously, Ti can also form and very tinyly be difficult to molten compound and also can hinder AUSTENITE GRAIN COARSENING in addition.The compound of Ti and C has higher hardness, and this also is the effect of our desired acquisition.The add-on of Ti is selected 0.1-0.2%; RE: the add-on of rare earth mainly is for purify hot metal, improves crystal boundary, improves resistance of oxidation, the initial grain fineness number of refinement.Add-on is controlled at 1 ‰ and gets final product.S, P are harmful elements, and content is few more good more in steel.Abrading-ball two constituent contents of the present invention are controlled within 0.035% respectively and get final product.
The present invention adopts the reasons are as follows of above-mentioned processing step: adopting process step (1) can obtain the forging abrading-ball blank section of required chemical ingredients and geomery, save conventional steel-making, steel rolling, heating, blanking operation, finish by operation of casting, cost saving, in addition, technology determines that air cooling below 200 ℃ is because these steel matter hardening capacity is good, prevents the chilling cracking.Adopt step (2) to be heated to be forging and prepare, and be that the postorder Heat Treatment is prepared tissue; Adopting process step (3) mainly is in order to be shaped, and makes ball reach certain deformation amount and lattice dislocation density, and final forging temperature will remain on quenching temperature requires.Adopting process step (4) is that the abrading-ball temperature of differing temps reaches requirement and uniformity after the forging of wanting air in order to make.Adopting process step (5) is carried out air, air adopts spiral rolling rods type high wind cold quenching lighter, this high wind cold quenching lighter can guarantee that the each several part of each ball and each ball all obtains same cooling conditions, guarantees the refrigerative homogeneity, reaches the stable of quality.In addition the control of speed of cooling is regulated by air quantity, purpose is in structural stress and the thermal stresses that reduces ball under the formation condition of organizing that guarantees to require as far as possible, prevents cracking.To cool off more than 400 ℃ faster reach critical cooling velocity, slow below 400 ℃, reach the motivating force that cools tissue changes and can obtain partial martensite.Adopting process step (6) creates conditions in order to obtain bainite at 150-250 ℃ of insulation cooling 12-18h, and the energy is saved in the residual heat insulation cooling.There is bainite also to have martensitic stucture to form therebetween.Adopting process step (7) is carried out tempering to the abrading-ball that carries out martensite, bainite structure transformation, and martensitic transformation is become tempered martensite, and it is stable to impel residual austenite further to decompose.Increase separating out of carbide simultaneously, 230-260 ℃, 3-4h can meet the demands.
The beneficial effect that the present invention had: owing to adopt the abrading-ball of above-mentioned chemical ingredients preparation and manufacture method manufacturing to obtain to have 45～65% martensites, the 15-35% bainite, 5-10% alloy carbide and about 10% residual austenite mixed structure, abrading-ball hardness reaches more than the HRC55, impelling strength α
kValue is 25～35J/cm
2Percentage of damage is lower than 0.2%, has effect wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, the high tenacity performance, and compare following advantage with common steel alloy forging abrading-ball and casting iron ball: 1, the present invention adopts cast forging process to save the blanking operation of common alloy steel forging-ball, material source is extensive, and cost is also low.2, the present invention adopts the high wind cold quenching, and speed of cooling is controlled, and quality product is stable in batches, reliable, gives full play to the potential performance of steel, can reduce the structural stress and the thermal stresses of abrading-ball to greatest extent.3, this abrading-ball contains the corrosion-resisting alloy element, can form erosion-resisting bainite structure again, and the alloy total content does not contain noble metals such as Mo, Cu, V above 5.5%.Its each performance and other two kinds of abrading-balls more as shown in table 1.
Table 1 provides the comparison of multicomponent alloy abrasion-resistant anti-corrosion high-ductility abrading-ball of the present invention and common steel alloy forging abrading-ball and casting iron abrading-ball.
Table 1
Through performance relatively, abrading-ball of the present invention has higher volumes hardness, heart table is even, φ 100mm ball differs has only HRc1-2, and wear resistance is good, the impelling strength height, dense structure, the advantage that percentage of damage is low can particularly be used best on wet grinding mill in industry widespread uses such as metallurgy, mine, cement, thermoelectricity.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the highest hardness of hardened steel and the relation of carbon content;
Fig. 2 is a boron to the relation of carbon content in the effect of hardening capacity and the steel;
Fig. 3 is processing multicomponent alloy abrasion-resistant anti-corrosion high-ductility abrading-ball spiral rolling rods type high wind cold quenching lighter principle of work synoptic diagram.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the processing diameter is the abrading-ball of φ 100mm and φ 60mm, tabulate the present invention includes abrading-ball chemical ingredients (% meter by weight), complete processing step and product performance at interior most preferred embodiment, provided by table 2, wherein the arrow of table 2 top is represented the complete processing step.Fig. 3 has provided and has carried out the used spiral rolling rods type high wind cold quenching lighter of air, it is made up of rolling bar transmission system 2 and its blower fan apparatus 3 and temperature controller 4 that is provided with down, because rotation promotes to advance and overturn ball 1 by rolling bar on rolling bar, its blower fan apparatus that is provided with down 3 blowing coolings simultaneously.
Table 2---------------------------------------→
| Sphere diameter (mm) | Casting | Forge | Thermal treatment | Product yield % | Hardness HRc | Impelling strength J/cm | 3.5m high fall down test | The ball consumption | |||||||
| Chemical ingredients % | Pouring temperature ℃ | The temperature of shaking out ℃ | Heating temperature ℃ | Final forging temperature ℃ | Forge time several | Homogenization temperature ℃ | Air-cooled | The slow cooling insulation | Tempering | ||||||
| φ100 | C:0.52 Si:0.83 Mn:2.40 Cr:0.71 B:0.0015 Ti:0.18 P:0.03 S:0.028 RE:0.1 Fe: surplus | 1500 ±15 | 185 ±5 | 1080 ±15 | 970 ±10 | 48 | 850 ±5 | 400 ℃ of-280 ℃ of cold 300s of 850 ℃ of-400 ℃ of cold 210s | From 280 ℃ be as cold as 100 ℃ with air cooling behind the 16h to room temperature | 250℃ ×3.5h | 95.5 | 56.5 - 58.5 | 26.7 | Failure count 15800 times | 480-680 g/T ore deposit |
| φ100 | C:0.58 Si:0.9 Mn:2.55 Cr:0.95 B:0.0020 Ti:0.15 P:0.03 S:0.026 RE:0.1 Fe: surplus | 1490 ±15 | 180 ±5 | 1050 ±15 | 960 ±10 | 45 | 840 ±5 | 400 ℃ of-260 ℃ of cold 300s of 840 ℃ of-400 ℃ of cold 200s | From 260 ℃ be as cold as 100 ℃ with air cooling behind 13 h to room temperature | 240℃ ×3.5h | 94.5 | 57.5 -59 | 27.9 | Failure count 16200 times | 480-680 g/T ore deposit |
Claims (2)
1, a kind of multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant high toughness grinding balls, the chemical ingredients that it is characterized in that abrading-ball is (% meter by weight) C=0.50-0.60, Si=0.7-1.0, Mn=2.3-2.6, Cr=0.6-1.0, B=0.001-0.0025, Ti=0.1-0.2, P≤0.035, S≤0.035, RE=0.1, surplus Fe.
2, a kind of manufacture method of multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant high toughness grinding balls is characterized in that the molten metal that contains the described chemical ingredients of claim 1 is made abrading-ball through following processing step successively:
(1) be cast to a sand mold casting section intracavity forming when molten metal is 1480～1530 ℃ of temperature, 1.7～2.4, weight slowly cools to below 200 ℃ air cooling again greater than the moulding ball section of finished ball weight 3% with length-to-diameter ratio;
(2) with the polishing of ball section, optical crosstalk post-heating to 1050～1150 ℃ saturating the burning;
(3) go into the forging hammer die forging at once more than 40 times, shaping is swaged into abrading-ball, and final forging temperature is 950～980 ℃;
(4) put into temperature homogenisation device, will have the abrading-ball temperature precooling homogenizing to 830 of residual forging heat～860 ℃;
(5) enter quench cooled on the spiral rolling rods type control high wind Cooling Quenching machine at once, cooling off with 〉=1.5 ℃/S speed more than 400 ℃,, be cooled to 250～350 ℃ and go out quenching press cooling off with≤1 ℃/S speed below 400 ℃;
(6) in 150～250 ℃ of slow cooling holding furnaces residual heat insulation after 12～18 hours air cooling to room temperature;
(7) at 230～260 ℃, tempering in 3～4 hours.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96117321A CN1054651C (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1996-12-06 | Multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant and high toughness grinding balls and its prodn. method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN96117321A CN1054651C (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1996-12-06 | Multicomponent alloyed cast and forged wearing, corrosion resistant and high toughness grinding balls and its prodn. method |
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| CN1158362A CN1158362A (en) | 1997-09-03 |
| CN1054651C true CN1054651C (en) | 2000-07-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100497666C (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-10 | 陈刚 | Steel ball quenching machine |
| CN103623894A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-03-12 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Double-inlet and double-outlet steel ball coal mill |
| CN104772196B (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-11-09 | 河北首鼎金属制品有限公司 | It is a kind of to forge more rib abrading-balls and its manufacturing method |
| CN109695003B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-09-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance steel ball with excellent toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108436391B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江易锋机械有限公司 | Machining method for STR static disc forged piece of turbo compressor |
| CN111254273A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-09 | 常熟市龙特耐磨球有限公司 | Preparation method of high-carbon wear-resistant steel ball |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103897A (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1995-06-21 | 刘振凤 | Casting and forging steel ball using rare earth steel as raw material and the prodn. method |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1103897A (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1995-06-21 | 刘振凤 | Casting and forging steel ball using rare earth steel as raw material and the prodn. method |
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