CN105463274A - Wear-resisting aluminum alloy and producing method thereof - Google Patents

Wear-resisting aluminum alloy and producing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105463274A
CN105463274A CN201510912201.3A CN201510912201A CN105463274A CN 105463274 A CN105463274 A CN 105463274A CN 201510912201 A CN201510912201 A CN 201510912201A CN 105463274 A CN105463274 A CN 105463274A
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alloy
aluminium
zinc
copper
ruthenium
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CN105463274B (en
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杨兴海
宋发财
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Jiangsu Kuna New Energy Co ltd
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Chuzhou Pincheng Metal Product Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resisting aluminum alloy. The wear-resisting aluminum alloy is prepared from, by mass, 3.2%-4.15% of iron, 10.2%-11.2% of zinc, 9.66%-10.15% of copper, 1.25%-1.5% of iridium, 0.44%-0.62% of tungsten, 0.28%-0.35% of erbium, 1.02%-1.22% of ruthenium, 0.33%-0.89% of cobalt and the balance aluminum. The aluminum alloy is prepared through vacuum melting, refining, pressure casting, heat treatment, aging and the like. As all the ingredients and all the contents are reasonably set, it is guaranteed that the aluminum alloy has the enough mechanical performance, and particularly has the mechanical performance suitable for the heavy-load and high-temperature use environment; and meanwhile the technological parameters of pressure casting and the pressure parameters of inert gas during refining are optimally selected, and the mechanical performance of the alloy is improved.

Description

A kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy and production method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy and production method thereof, belong to alloy and manufacture field.
Background technology
Die casting is a kind of part of pressure die casting, use the pressure die casting machinery pressure die-casting machine installing casting die, metals such as being heated to be liquid copper, zinc, aluminium or zinc alloy is poured into the feeding mouth of pressure die-casting machine, through pressure die-casting machine die casting, cast out the copper of the shape and size of mould restriction, zinc, aluminium part or zinc alloy part, such part is just called die casting usually.Die casting has different calls in different places, as diecast parts, die-casting, die casting, die casting aluminium, die case zinc part, die casting copper piece, copper die casting, zine pressure casting, aluminium diecasting aluminium diecasting, aluminium pressure alloy-steel casting, zinc alloy diecasting part etc.Because metallic copper, zinc, aluminium and zinc alloy have good mobility and plasticity-, and casting processing is cast in the pressure die-casting machine having pressure, therefore aluminium diecasting can make various more complicated shape, also higher precision and smooth finish can be made, thus decrease the machining amount of foundry goods and the casting surplus of metallic copper, zinc, aluminium or zinc alloy significantly, not only save electric power, metallic substance, also greatly save labour cost; And copper, zinc, aluminium and zinc alloy have excellent thermal conductivity, less proportion and high workability; Thus die casting is widely used in the industry-by-industries such as automobile making, oil engine production, motorcycle manufacture, electric motor manufacture, oil pump manufacture, gearing manufacture, precision instrument, landscaping, power construction, building decoration.
Existing alloy for die casting material generally includes the compositions such as aluminium, iron, copper, zinc, and because the content of element each in alloy is different, therefore spatial distribution differences is comparatively large in the alloy for each element, causes each alloy over-all properties different, particularly mechanical property differs greatly.The defects such as loosening easily appears in castingprocesses, segregation, and its use temperature is also lower, and a large amount of heat releases usually produced due to frictional wear under fully loaded transportation condition make component temperature overheating and are difficult to use.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned deficiency, the object of the invention provides a kind of and is applicable to aluminium alloy of high temperature heavy load work and preparation method thereof, and this aluminum alloy hardness is high, wear resistance good.
The solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 3.2-4.15%, zinc 10.2-11.2%, copper 9.66-10.15%, iridium 1.25-1.5%, tungsten 0.44-0.62%, erbium 0.28-0.35%, ruthenium 1.02-1.22%, cobalt 0.33-0.89%, surplus is aluminium.
Further, be grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 3.55-4.05%, zinc 10.35-10.89%, copper 9.87-10.02%, iridium 1.33-1.48%, tungsten 0.52-0.59%, erbium 0.29-0.33%, ruthenium 1.08-1.17%, cobalt 0.42-0.75%, surplus is aluminium.
Further, be grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent: iron 3.89%, zinc 10.65%, copper 9.99%, iridium 1.42%, tungsten 0.57%, erbium 0.31%, ruthenium 1.12%, cobalt 0.55%, surplus is aluminium.
The preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, comprise the following steps:
1) by iron, zinc, copper, tungsten, aluminium, according to putting into vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 840-950 DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1250-1320 DEG C, form aluminium alloy, in aluminium alloy, be filled with rare gas element and stir 30-40 minute, aluminium alloy is cooled, obtains master alloy;
2) master alloy and erbium, ruthenium, cobalt are joined in vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 840-950 DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1250-1320 DEG C, treat that alloy dissolves completely, after refining leaves standstill 25-35 minute, after inspection bath composition is qualified, namely obtain refining liquid;
3) after refining liquid being cooled to 650-700 DEG C, die casting is preheated in the mold cavity of 250-275 DEG C to passing through, the refining liquid melt flow of wherein filling when type starts is 0.35m/s, casting pressure is 77MPa, fill type rate more than 62% after, the melt flow improving refining liquid is 102MPa to 2.1m/s, casting pressure, terminates until fill type die casting;
4) thermal treatment: by die casting foundry goods under 415 DEG C of conditions after homogenizing 28-32h after shrend to room temperature, then be warming up to the ageing treatment that 165-175 DEG C is carried out 12-15h, obtain aluminium alloy.
The reasonable disposition of each composition and content in the present invention, ensure that aluminium alloy has enough mechanical properties, particularly be applicable to the mechanical property under heavy duty, applied at elevated temperature environment, when the processing parameter of simultaneously optimum option die casting and refining, inert gas pressure parameter, improves its alloy mechanical property.The present invention not only has excellent ambient temperature mechanical properties, even if still can meet service requirements under the condition more than 150 DEG C, is particularly useful for making the die casting under high temperature heavy load working conditions.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, be grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent: iron 3.89%, zinc 10.65%, copper 9.99%, iridium 1.42%, tungsten 0.57%, erbium 0.31%, ruthenium 1.12%, cobalt 0.55%, surplus is aluminium.
The preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, comprise the following steps:
1) by iron, zinc, copper, tungsten, aluminium, according to putting into vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 865 DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1280 DEG C, form aluminium alloy, in aluminium alloy, be filled with rare gas element and stir 35 minutes, aluminium alloy is cooled, obtains master alloy;
2) master alloy and erbium, ruthenium, cobalt are joined in vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 865 DEG C DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1280 DEG C, treat that alloy dissolves completely, refining left standstill after 26 minutes, namely obtained refining liquid after inspection bath composition is qualified;
3) after refining liquid being cooled to 680 DEG C, die casting is preheated in the mold cavity of 260 DEG C to passing through, the refining liquid melt flow of wherein filling when type starts is 0.35m/s, casting pressure is 77MPa, fill type rate more than 62% after, the melt flow improving refining liquid is 102MPa to 2.1m/s, casting pressure, terminates until fill type die casting;
4) thermal treatment: by die casting foundry goods under 415 DEG C of conditions after homogenizing 30h after shrend to room temperature, then be warming up to the ageing treatment that 170 DEG C are carried out 13h, obtain aluminium alloy.
Embodiment 2
A zinc alloy for die casting, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent: iron 3.99%, zinc 10.65%, copper 10%, iridium 1.35%, tungsten 0.56%, erbium 0.315%, ruthenium 1.12%, cobalt 0.51%, and surplus is aluminium.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, be grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent: iron 3.56%, zinc 10.45%, copper 9.85%, iridium 1.38%, tungsten 0.48%, erbium 0.31%, ruthenium 1.09%, cobalt 0.55%, surplus is aluminium.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 4.12%, zinc 11.1%, copper 9.97%, iridium 1.41%, tungsten 0.5%, erbium 0.29%, ruthenium 1.12%, cobalt 0.52%, surplus is aluminium.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
A kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 3.89%, zinc 10.99%, copper 9.66-10.15%, iridium 1.25-1.5%, tungsten 0.461%, erbium 0.33%, ruthenium 1.11%, cobalt 0.69%, surplus is aluminium.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
Not containing erbium, all the other compositions and content consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Not containing ruthenium, all the other compositions and content consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Not containing cobalt, all the other compositions and content consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Not containing erbium, ruthenium, cobalt, all the other compositions and content consistent with embodiment 1.
The intensity of obtained alloy system and the result of hardness as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Group σ B room temperature（MPa） Hardness Room temperature（HB） σ b150℃（Mpa） Hardness Room temperature（HB）
Embodiment 1 515 228 452 185
Embodiment 2 505 205 428 163
Embodiment 3 503 208 427 165
Embodiment 4 502 218 431 177
Embodiment 5 512 209 428 182
Comparative example 1 425 154 352 128
Comparative example 2 431 135 341 115
Comparative example 3 418 154 312 102
To routine 4 421 142 322 113
As shown in Table 1, erbium, ruthenium, cobalt have important impact for the intensity of alloy system and hardness, not containing erbium, ruthenium, these three kinds of compositions of cobalt, cause the destruction of alloy system whole machine balancing and affect the usefulness of other alloying elements, causing the obvious deficiency of hot strength.The interpolation of erbium, ruthenium, cobalt lacks wherein a kind of composition, and the room temperature strength of alloy system can be caused all can not to meet the requirement of use.Erbium, ruthenium, cobalt have played stable alloy system tissue, avoid the deterioration of the zinc alloy system mechanical property caused due to thermal treatment, timeliness and heavy duty, applied at elevated temperature environment, can find out that the two collaboratively can play maximum stabilization.
The present invention has excellent mechanical property, particularly can still keep enough physical strengths and hardness under heavy duty, applied at elevated temperature environment.
Comparative example 5-8, the chemical composition of alloy is identical with embodiment 1, the optimization selection of the processing parameter in paper examines press casting procedure, parameter choose and results of property see table 2.
Although adopt low speed, at a high speed two kinds of different melt flow to be techniques well known in the art to control the defects such as pore in press casting procedure, as shown in Table 2, melt flow and casting pressure how is selected still to have a great impact.
For melt flow and the casting pressure of low-speed stage of the present invention, melt flow should be controlled at 0.35m/s, lower melt flow can cause melt cooling too fast and affect the die casting performance of melt, thus the final mechanical property worsening alloy, and be also unfavorable for the raising of production efficiency.Higher melt flow then can cause the appearance of turbulent flow and easily be involved in gas and oxide inclusion, can cause the rapid solidification of local melt simultaneously and produce the defects such as pore.The increase of casting pressure obviously can improve the mechanical property of material, mainly the raising of alloy compactness that produces of pressure increase and the minimizing of defect, and in order to ensure this effect, casting pressure of the present invention is 77MPa.
For melt flow and the casting pressure of high speed stage, should control melt flow is 2.1m/s, and casting pressure is 102MPa, and it, for press casting procedure and the impact of alloy mechanical property and the similar of low-speed stage, repeats no more.The present invention has the die-casting technological parameter being most suitable for it, against the decline that all may cause alloy property in the most optimized parameter.
Table 2
Group Melt flow V1(m/s) Casting pressure F1(MPa) Melt flow V2(m/s) Casting pressure F2(MPa) σ B room temperature（MPa） Hardness Room temperature（HB）
Embodiment 1 0.35 77 2.1 102 522 231
Comparative example 5 0.3 70 2.0 100 418 121
Comparative example 6 0.4 80 3.0 110 425 133
Comparative example 7 0.33 75 2.5 100 432 128
Comparative example 8 0.45 75 2.4 110 445 122
Comparative example 9-10, the chemical composition of alloy is identical with embodiment 1, the optimization selection of inert gas pressure during paper examines refining, parameter choose and results of property see table 3.
Table 3
Group Inert gas pressure (× 104Pa) σ B room temperature（MPa） Hardness Room temperature（HB）
Embodiment 1 4 521 228
Comparative example 9 3 448 168
Comparative example 10 5 522 205
As shown in Table 3, inert gas pressure can not be too low, can not play a role and obtain stable mechanical property, and too high inert gas pressure then can affect the hardness of alloy.
To those skilled in the art, obviously the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and when not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from which point, all should embodiment be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present invention is limited by claims instead of above-mentioned explanation, and all changes be therefore intended in the implication of the equivalency by dropping on claim and scope are included in the present invention.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification sheets is described according to embodiment, but not each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification sheets is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should by specification sheets integrally, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also through appropriately combined, can form other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.Although give detailed description and explanation to the specific embodiment of the present invention above; but what should indicate is; we can carry out various equivalence according to conception of the present invention to above-mentioned embodiment and change and amendment; its function produced do not exceed that specification sheets contains yet spiritual time, all should within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a wear-resistant aluminum alloy, is characterized in that, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 3.2-4.15%, zinc 10.2-11.2%, copper 9.66-10.15%, iridium 1.25-1.5%, tungsten 0.44-0.62%, erbium 0.28-0.35%, ruthenium 1.02-1.22%, cobalt 0.33-0.89%, surplus is aluminium.
2. the zinc alloy of die casting according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent:
Iron 3.55-4.05%, zinc 10.35-10.89%, copper 9.87-10.02%, iridium 1.33-1.48%, tungsten 0.52-0.59%, erbium 0.29-0.33%, ruthenium 1.08-1.17%, cobalt 0.42-0.75%, surplus is aluminium.
3. the zinc alloy of die casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be grouped into by the following one-tenth according to mass percent: iron 3.89%, zinc 10.65%, copper 9.99%, iridium 1.42%, tungsten 0.57%, erbium 0.31%, ruthenium 1.12%, cobalt 0.55%, surplus is aluminium.
4. the preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim arbitrary in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) by iron, zinc, copper, tungsten, aluminium, according to putting into vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 840-950 DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1250-1320 DEG C, form aluminium alloy, in aluminium alloy, be filled with rare gas element and stir 30-40 minute, aluminium alloy is cooled, obtains master alloy;
2) master alloy and erbium, ruthenium, cobalt are joined in vacuum melting furnace crucible, be evacuated to 8 × 10 -2more than Pa, starts to heat up, and after temperature rises to 840-950 DEG C, stops vacuumizing and be filled with rare gas element to 4 × 10 in vacuum melting furnace 4pa; Then continue to be warming up to 1250-1320 DEG C, treat that alloy dissolves completely, after refining leaves standstill 25-35 minute, after inspection bath composition is qualified, namely obtain refining liquid;
3) after refining liquid being cooled to 650-700 DEG C, die casting is preheated in the mold cavity of 250-275 DEG C to passing through, the refining liquid melt flow of wherein filling when type starts is 0.35m/s, casting pressure is 77MPa, fill type rate more than 62% after, the melt flow improving refining liquid is 102MPa to 2.1m/s, casting pressure, terminates until fill type die casting;
4) thermal treatment: by die casting foundry goods under 415 DEG C of conditions after homogenizing 28-32h after shrend to room temperature, then be warming up to the ageing treatment that 165-175 DEG C is carried out 12-15h, obtain aluminium alloy.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107099706A (en) * 2017-05-02 2017-08-29 嘉禾福顺机械实业有限公司 A kind of high rigidity materials for prups and preparation method thereof
CN108277400A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-13 兰州理工大学 A kind of wear-resisting type aluminium alloy material preparation method for material
CN109797328A (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-24 中南大学 High-strength resistant to damage aluminium lithium alloy material and its preparation method and application in one kind

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4767678A (en) * 1984-01-26 1988-08-30 The Dow Chemical Company Corrosion resistant magnesium and aluminum oxalloys
CN1432070A (en) * 2000-03-28 2003-07-23 霍尼韦尔国际公司 Method of forming phsical gas phase deposition target contg. aluminium, sputtering film and component of target
CN104361942A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-02-18 李聪 Single-stranded-wire aluminum-alloy-core cable and preparation method thereof
CN104847685A (en) * 2015-05-03 2015-08-19 陈思 Corrosion--resisting sea water pump
CN104862555A (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-26 成都智利达科技有限公司 Antirust aluminum alloy for seaplane and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4767678A (en) * 1984-01-26 1988-08-30 The Dow Chemical Company Corrosion resistant magnesium and aluminum oxalloys
CN1432070A (en) * 2000-03-28 2003-07-23 霍尼韦尔国际公司 Method of forming phsical gas phase deposition target contg. aluminium, sputtering film and component of target
CN104862555A (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-26 成都智利达科技有限公司 Antirust aluminum alloy for seaplane and preparation method thereof
CN104361942A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-02-18 李聪 Single-stranded-wire aluminum-alloy-core cable and preparation method thereof
CN104847685A (en) * 2015-05-03 2015-08-19 陈思 Corrosion--resisting sea water pump

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107099706A (en) * 2017-05-02 2017-08-29 嘉禾福顺机械实业有限公司 A kind of high rigidity materials for prups and preparation method thereof
CN109797328A (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-24 中南大学 High-strength resistant to damage aluminium lithium alloy material and its preparation method and application in one kind
CN108277400A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-13 兰州理工大学 A kind of wear-resisting type aluminium alloy material preparation method for material

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Pledgee: China Postal Savings Bank Corporation Xiangshui County sub branch

Pledgor: Jiangsu Kuna Industrial Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2022980005486

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Address after: 224000 west side of 326 provincial road, Xiangshui Industrial Economic Zone, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee after: Jiangsu Kuna New Energy Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: China

Address before: 224600 west side of 326 provincial road, Xiangshui Industrial Economic Zone, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee before: Jiangsu Kuna Industrial Co.,Ltd.

Country or region before: China

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