CN104060140A - High temperature oxidation resistant magnesium alloy - Google Patents
High temperature oxidation resistant magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104060140A CN104060140A CN201410327889.4A CN201410327889A CN104060140A CN 104060140 A CN104060140 A CN 104060140A CN 201410327889 A CN201410327889 A CN 201410327889A CN 104060140 A CN104060140 A CN 104060140A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- magnesium alloy
- high temperature
- pure
- temperature oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a high temperature oxidation resistant magnesium alloy. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3% of Y, 0.1-1.5% of Sn and the balance of magnesium and unavoidable impurities. A preparation method of the high temperature oxidation resistant magnesium alloy comprises the following steps: firstly selecting pure Mg, pure Sn and an Mg-Y intermediate alloy, heating the pure Mg to 690-705 DEG C under the protection of atmospheres, adding the pure Sn and the Mg-Y intermediate alloy, fully stirring and smelting, finally preserving the temperature for 15-25 minutes at the temperature of 715-730 DEG C, casting and forming. The alloy disclosed by the invention has the advantages that a proper amount of Y and Sn are added in the magnesium alloy, so that the compactness of oxidation films can be enhanced; the content of the impurities in the alloy is limited, so that the influence of the impurities to the high temperature oxidation property is avoided; the process parameter of magnesium alloy preparation is strictly limited, so that the alloy material obtained by casting is uniform in structure and little in defect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnesium alloy technical field, relate to a kind of anti-oxidant magnesium alloy, particularly a kind of high temperature resistance magnesium alloy.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy excellent combination property, of many uses, but fusing point is lower, and under hot conditions, oxidizable even burning, has seriously limited its use range.
The factor that affects magnesium alloy high temperature oxidation resistance is varied, mainly comprises:
One, material chemical composition, as the kind of alloying element and distributing homogeneity, impurity and segregation degree thereof;
Two, the phase composite of alloy and weave construction, as high temperature oxidation district phase transformation situation, the grand microtexture defect of alloy etc.;
Three, the character of oxide film, comprises oxide film nature, as the integrity of oxide film and compactness, i.e. and the ratio (PBR) of oxide compound volume and metal volume, the thermodynamic stability of oxide film and physical properties; Oxide film and metal interface consistency, as the epitaxy relation of oxide film and metal, the geometrical shape at interface, interfacial chemistry character (as interface impurity segregation situation), the interfacial energy of oxide film and matrix and interface bond strength; Whether oxide film and gas phase consistency, as formed self-catalyzed reaction or redox reaction.
Ordinary magnesium alloy or have problems in chemical composition, or alloy microstructure is unreasonable, or it is undesirable to be tentatively oxidized resulting oxide film, can not stop subsequent oxidation, does not all have high-temperature oxidation resistant effect.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magnesium alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
Resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, described magnesium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Y:1～3%, Sn:0.1～1.5%, all the other are magnesium and inevitable impurity.
As resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy of the present invention preferably, the quality percentage composition of described Y is 1.5-2.2%, the quality percentage composition of described Sn is 0.1-0.5%.
Another kind as resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy of the present invention is preferred, and the mass ratio of described Y and Sn is 2:1-7:1.
As resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy of the present invention further preferably, described inevitable total impurities≤0.03%, Fe≤0.002% wherein, Cu≤0.001%, Si≤0.005%.
The method of preparing described resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps:
1), draw materials: get pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 25-30%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 690-705 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) is casting after 715-730 ℃ of insulation 15-25 minute, removal of impurities;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adds appropriate Y and Sn in magnesium alloy, the Y obtaining during oxidation
2o
3(PBR value 1.39) and SnO
2(PBR value 1.32) can significantly strengthen the compactness of oxide film, overcomes the loose porous defect of MgO film (PBR value 0.89), and SnO
2, Y
2o
3oxide film good with MgO consistency, that contain Y is combined with magnesium alloy substrate closely, and gained oxide film physicochemical property is stable, and it stops the effect of continuation bitter earth alloy fairly obvious.The present invention further, to defining in alloy the particularly content of Cu, Fe, Si of impurity, both can avoid the impact of impurity alloy high temperature oxidation resistance, fully reduces again the cost that foreign matter content brings.The present invention has strictly limited the processing parameters such as magnesium alloy smelting, holding temperature, builds the alloy material homogeneous microstructure obtaining, and grand microdefect is few, has further strengthened the oxidation-resistance property of alloy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, the invention provides following accompanying drawing and describe:
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 gained magnesium alloy and pure magnesium, the oxidation weight gain curve figure of AZ31 magnesium alloy;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional scans picture of embodiment 1 magnesium alloy oxide treatment rear oxidation layer;
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the cross section face scanning electron microscope energy spectrogram of embodiment 1 magnesium alloy zone of oxidation, reflect that respectively Mg, Y, Sn are in the distribution situation of cross section.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Following examples will disclose a kind of novel magnesium alloy, and its chemical composition and proportioning are as follows: Y:1～3%, and Sn:0.1～1.5%, all the other are magnesium and inevitable impurity.
Further, in this alloy, the quality percentage composition of Y is 1.5-2.2%, and the quality percentage composition of Sn is 0.1-0.5%.
Further, in this alloy, the mass ratio of Y and Sn is 2:1-7:1.
Further, inevitable total impurities≤0.03% in this alloy, Fe≤0.002% wherein, Cu≤0.001%, Si≤0.005%.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is prepared the method for resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprising:
1), draw materials: get a certain amount of pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 30%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 700 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) in 720 ℃ of insulations 20 minutes, pour casting in the punching block of diameter 80mm after removal of impurities into and obtain ingot casting;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Through detecting, the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy chemical component and proportioning are as follows: its chemical composition and proportioning are as follows: Y:1.75%, Sn:0.25%, Mg:97.98%; Total impurities 0.02%, wherein: Fe=0.001%, Cu=0.001%, Si=0.003%.
By the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy and pure magnesium, AZ31 magnesium alloy respectively in the well-off environment of air the speed with 10 ℃/min be heated to 600 ℃, insulation 2h, test its oxidation weight gain curve.
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 gained magnesium alloy and pure magnesium, the oxidation weight gain curve figure of AZ31 magnesium alloy; As can be seen from the figure, pure Mg, AZ31 alloy increases weight all more serious in high-temperature oxidation process, and the weightening finish of Mg-Y-Sn alloy oxidation is not obvious, illustrates that the prepared magnesium alloy of the present embodiment has good oxidation-resistance property.
Fig. 2 is the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy through the cross section surface sweeping pictures of 500 ℃ of insulation 6h gained zone of oxidation, can see between zone of oxidation and matrix, not having obvious demixing phenomenon, and binding ability of this explanation zone of oxidation and matrix is better, difficult drop-off.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the cross section face scanning electron microscope energy spectrogram of magnesium alloy zone of oxidation after oxide treatment in Fig. 2, as seen from the figure, Mg element reduces gradually at outer surface layer content, and Y element is in upper layer enrichment, this explanation is after high temperature oxidation, and Y element is enriched in upper layer and has formed Y
2o
3with the combined oxidation layer of MgO, due to Y
2o
3pBR value be 1.39, be greater than 1, can form fine and close zone of oxidation with MgO, thereby carry heavy alloyed high temperature oxidation resistance, stop the further oxidation of alloy.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is prepared the method for resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprising:
1), draw materials: get a certain amount of pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 25%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 705 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) in 715 ℃ of insulations 25 minutes, pour casting in the punching block of diameter 80mm after removal of impurities into and obtain ingot casting;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Through detecting, the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy chemical component and proportioning are as follows: its chemical composition and proportioning are as follows: Y:1.6%, Sn:0.5%, Mg:97.65%; Total impurities 0.25%, wherein: Fe=0.001%, Cu=0.001%, Si=0.005%
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is prepared the method for resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprising:
1), draw materials: get a certain amount of pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 28%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 690 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) in 730 ℃ of insulations 15 minutes, pour casting in the punching block of diameter 80mm after removal of impurities into and obtain ingot casting;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Through detecting, the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy chemical component and proportioning are as follows: its chemical composition and proportioning are as follows: Y:2.1%, Sn:0.9%, Mg:96.7%; Total impurities=0.03%, wherein: Fe=0.002%, Cu=0.001%, Si=0.005%
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is prepared the method for resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprising:
1), draw materials: get a certain amount of pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 28%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 695 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) in 725 ℃ of insulations 20 minutes, pour casting in the punching block of diameter 80mm after removal of impurities into and obtain ingot casting;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Through detecting, the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy chemical component and proportioning are as follows: Y:1%, Sn:0.2%, Mg:98.78%; Total impurities=0.02%, Fe=0.002% wherein, Cu=0.001%, Si=0.002%.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is prepared the method for resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, comprising:
1), draw materials: get a certain amount of pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 27%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 700 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) in 725 ℃ of insulations 18 minutes, pour casting in the punching block of diameter 80mm after removal of impurities into and obtain ingot casting;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Through detecting, the present embodiment gained magnesium alloy chemical component and proportioning are as follows: its chemical composition and proportioning are as follows: Y:3%, Sn:1.5%, Mg:95.47, total impurities=0.03%, Fe=0.001% wherein, Cu=0.001%, Si=0.004%.
The present invention adds appropriate Y and Sn in magnesium alloy, can significantly strengthen the compactness of oxide film, effectively stops and continues bitter earth alloy.The present invention further, to defining the special content of impurity in alloy, avoids the impact of impurity alloy high temperature oxidation resistance.The present invention has strictly limited the processing parameters such as magnesium alloy smelting, holding temperature, builds the alloy material homogeneous microstructure obtaining, and grand microdefect is few, has further strengthened the oxidation-resistance property of alloy.
Finally explanation is, above preferred embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is described in detail by above preferred embodiment, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, can to it, make various changes in the form and details, and not depart from the claims in the present invention book limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy, is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Y:1～3%, and Sn:0.1～1.5%, all the other are magnesium and inevitable impurity.
2. resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition of described Y is 1.5-2.2%, and the quality percentage composition of described Sn is 0.1-0.5%.
3. according to resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described Y and Sn is 2:1-7:1.
4. according to resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described inevitable total impurities≤0.03%, Fe≤0.002% wherein, Cu≤0.001%, Si≤0.005%.
5. the method for preparation resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1), draw materials: get pure Mg, pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, wherein in Mg-Y master alloy, the mass percent of Y is 25-30%;
2), melting: at CO
2and SF
6under atmosphere protection, first pure magnesium is heated to 690-705 ℃, then adds pure Sn and Mg-Y master alloy, fully stir-melting obtains magnesium alloy liquation;
3) magnesium alloy liquation, cast: by step 2) is casting after 715-730 ℃ of insulation 15-25 minute, removal of impurities;
4), air cooling step 3) gained ingot casting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410327889.4A CN104060140B (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410327889.4A CN104060140B (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104060140A true CN104060140A (en) | 2014-09-24 |
| CN104060140B CN104060140B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=51548069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410327889.4A Expired - Fee Related CN104060140B (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of resistance to high temperature oxidation magnesium alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104060140B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108193108A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Good Mg-Sn-Y alloy materials of a kind of mechanical property and preparation method thereof |
| CN108425056A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-21 | 重庆大学 | A kind of room temperature high plastic magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof containing rare-earth yttrium |
| CN108796324A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-13 | 重庆大学 | A kind of room temperature high-ductility magnesium-tin-yttrium-zircaloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111172439A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-19 | 西南交通大学 | Refined grain magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111321333A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-23 | 西南交通大学 | Heat-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249626A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 西南交通大学 | Magnesium alloy and processing method for improving tension-compression asymmetry thereof |
| CN115161528A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-11 | 西南交通大学 | Mg-RE-based high-temperature-resistant high-performance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115233059A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-25 | 重庆大学 | High-damping Mg-Sn-Y alloy and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101532107A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2009-09-16 | 河南科技大学 | Heat resisting rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN102449177A (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-05-09 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Linear object, bolt, nut and washer each comprising magnesium alloy |
| CN102676896A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-09-19 | 狄石磊 | Corrosion resistant magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103131925A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-05 | 河南科技大学 | High-strength heat-resisting composite rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN103290285A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-11 | 重庆大学 | Magnesium-zinc-manganese-tin-yttrium alloy and preparation method of same |
-
2014
- 2014-07-10 CN CN201410327889.4A patent/CN104060140B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101532107A (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2009-09-16 | 河南科技大学 | Heat resisting rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN102449177A (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2012-05-09 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Linear object, bolt, nut and washer each comprising magnesium alloy |
| CN102676896A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-09-19 | 狄石磊 | Corrosion resistant magnesium alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103131925A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-05 | 河南科技大学 | High-strength heat-resisting composite rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN103290285A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-11 | 重庆大学 | Magnesium-zinc-manganese-tin-yttrium alloy and preparation method of same |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108193108A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Good Mg-Sn-Y alloy materials of a kind of mechanical property and preparation method thereof |
| CN108425056A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-21 | 重庆大学 | A kind of room temperature high plastic magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof containing rare-earth yttrium |
| CN108796324A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-13 | 重庆大学 | A kind of room temperature high-ductility magnesium-tin-yttrium-zircaloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111172439A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-19 | 西南交通大学 | Refined grain magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111321333A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-23 | 西南交通大学 | Heat-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113249626A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 西南交通大学 | Magnesium alloy and processing method for improving tension-compression asymmetry thereof |
| CN115161528A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-11 | 西南交通大学 | Mg-RE-based high-temperature-resistant high-performance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115161528B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-01-31 | 西南交通大学 | Preparation method of Mg-RE-based high-temperature-resistant high-performance magnesium alloy |
| CN115233059A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-25 | 重庆大学 | High-damping Mg-Sn-Y alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115233059B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-07-25 | 重庆大学 | High-damping Mg-Sn-Y alloy and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104060140B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104060140A (en) | High temperature oxidation resistant magnesium alloy | |
| CN107675046B (en) | A kind of high-strength light magnalium copper high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103456451B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the corrosion-resistant sintered NdFeB of room temperature high energy product | |
| CN102534327B (en) | Magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110735077B (en) | AlCrFeNiSiTi high-entropy alloy porous material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101857934B (en) | Heat-resistant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104805343A (en) | Intermediate alloy material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104952580B (en) | A kind of corrosion-resistant Sintered NdFeB magnet and preparation method thereof | |
| TW200533763A (en) | Aluminum alloy for plastic working, and its manufacturing method | |
| CN104818400A (en) | Intermediate alloy material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103993213A (en) | Method for preparing dual special structure combined reinforced Mg-Zn-Y alloy | |
| CN105931784A (en) | Corrosion-resistant cerium-contained rare earth permanent magnet material and preparation method therefor | |
| CN104818399A (en) | Magnesium-aluminum-silicon carbide intermediate alloy material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105256190A (en) | Multi-doped intermediate alloy material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115044794A (en) | Cu- (Y) with excellent performance 2 O 3 -HfO 2 ) Alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113481405A (en) | Preparation method of copper-iron alloy | |
| CN102418005A (en) | Compound modified zinc alloy | |
| CN105714169B (en) | A kind of Mo Si B Hf Al alloy bar materials and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115558825B (en) | High-heat-conductivity high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103060636A (en) | Corrosion-resistant conductive aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104498941A (en) | High-temperature oxidation-resistant coating for molybdenum and molybdenum alloy and preparation method of high-temperature oxidation-resistant coating | |
| CN103966494A (en) | Highly heat-resistant magnalium containing calcium and rare earth | |
| CN104028734B (en) | The method of the low segregation of high niobium containing titanium aluminium alloy and even tissue refinement | |
| CN108950338B (en) | Creep-resistant rare earth magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105908039B (en) | A kind of yttrium cerium-magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160824 Termination date: 20190710 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |