CN105452106A - 空间飞行器 - Google Patents

空间飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105452106A
CN105452106A CN201480006072.5A CN201480006072A CN105452106A CN 105452106 A CN105452106 A CN 105452106A CN 201480006072 A CN201480006072 A CN 201480006072A CN 105452106 A CN105452106 A CN 105452106A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
baffle plate
air intake
space vehicle
movable baffle
propelling unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201480006072.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
欧金尼奥·费雷拉
马尔科·普兰波利尼
约翰·科拉伯夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Airbus Defence and Space SAS
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Defence and Space GmbH filed Critical Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Publication of CN105452106A publication Critical patent/CN105452106A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/14—Space shuttles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
    • B64G1/4005—Air-breathing propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/042—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having variable geometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/05—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having provisions for obviating the penetration of damaging objects or particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0253—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0253—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of aircraft
    • B64D2033/026—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of aircraft for supersonic or hypersonic aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

根据本发明，所述空间飞行器在涡轮发动机(4)的每个空气入口(5)的前方包括可动挡板(6)，所述可动挡板能够沿两个方向在第一位置与第二位置之间运动，在第一位置中，所述挡板打开所述空气入口(5)，并且在第二位置中，所述挡板防止空气进入所述空气入口(5)。

Description

空间飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空间飞行器，所述空间飞行器为能够以通常方式从地面起飞、能够在跨音速或甚至超音速飞行的情况下到达至少一百千米的高度、然后还能够以飞行器的通常方式着陆。
背景技术
能够以大于0.9马赫的速度飞行的这种单级空间飞行器包括比如火箭发动机的绝氧推进装置和比如涡轮轴发动机的需氧推进装置。
在这种空间飞行器的飞行期间，可以仅使绝氧推进装置工作，需氧推进装置则不起作用或关闭。在这种飞行阶段，需氧推进装置的空气入口因而产生很大的阻力，从而使空间飞行器的飞行减速。
本发明的目的是弥补该缺点。
发明内容
为此，本发明提供了一种单级空间飞行器，所述空间飞行器能够以大于0.9马赫的速度飞行，并且所述空间飞行器包括：
·绝氧推进装置，以及
·需氧推进装置，所述需氧推进装置设置有至少一个空气入口，
其特点在于，所述空间飞行器包括至少一个可动挡板，所述至少一个可动挡板在所述空气入口的前方安装在所述空间飞行器的框架上，并且所述至少一个可动挡板能够沿两个方向在第一位置与第二位置之间运动，在所述第一位置中，所述可动挡板不阻挡所述空气入口并且贴靠所述空间飞行器的机身，在所述第二位置中，所述可动挡板覆盖所述空气入口以使空气入口不受所述空间飞行器周围的空气动力流动的影响，从而防止空气钻入所述空气入口。
因而，通过这种可动挡板，当需氧推进装置不工作时，所述空气入口能够与飞行器周围的空气流隔绝，使得空气入口的阻力能够减小。应注意的是除此以外，通过所述可动挡板，所述需氧推进装置由此得到保护而不受过高气流速度以及产生的热量的影响。
尽管所述可动挡板装置可以以不同方式运动，但所述可动挡板有利地在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间转动。
优选地，所述单个挡板呈拱状，以在所述单个挡板占据所述第一收回位置时使所述单个挡板符合所述机身的形状。此外，所述单个挡板与所述空气入口相反地优选地呈圆形，以在所述第二伸展位置时进一步减小所述挡板和所述空气入口的组件的阻力。
附图说明
附图使得能够理解本发明可以怎样产生。在附图中，相同附图标记表示相同元件。
图1为根据本发明的空间飞行器的立体图，其中空间飞行器配备有用于覆盖空气入口的挡板，该挡板处于收回位置，从而不阻挡涡轮轴发动机的空气入口。
图2为图1的空间飞行器的另一立体图，其中所述挡板处于伸展位置，从而覆盖涡轮轴发动机的空气入口。
图3和图4示出了图1和图2的空间飞行器的覆盖挡板的操作机构。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的并且在图1和图2中示出的空间飞行器1仅包括具有机身2的一个级并且能够跨音速和/或超音速飞行。
所述空间飞行器1包括至少一个火箭发动机3和两个涡轮轴发动机4，所述两个涡轮轴发动机4各自包括有空气入口5。涡轮轴发动机侧向布置在机身2的后部处，使得涡轮轴发动机4中的一个位于机身2的左侧并且所述涡轮轴发动机4中的另一个位于机身2的右侧。
当空间飞行器跨音速或超音速飞行并且涡轮轴发动机4不工作时，空气入口5为重要的气动阻力源。
因而，为了弥补这一缺点，图1和图2中的空间飞行器1在两个空气入口5中的每一个的前方包括绕所述空间飞行器的框架的轴线X-X铰接的转动挡板6。每个挡板6能够沿两个方向在收回位置(参见图1)与伸展位置(参见图2)之间运动，在收回位置中，挡板6贴靠机身2并且不阻挡相应的空气入口5，在伸展位置中，挡板6覆盖所述空气入口5以使空气入口不受所述空间飞行器周围的空气动力流动的影响。
因而，当空间飞行器1处于高速下并且涡轮轴发动机4不工作时，所述发动机的空气入口5可以由挡板6覆盖以减小空气入口5的气动阻力。
为了在其收回位置与其伸展位置之间并且在其伸展位置与其收回位置之间致动挡板6，可以使用图3和图4中示意性地示出的包括致动器7的系统。每个致动器7的杆8通过连接杆9连接到相应的挡板6，连接杆9在一侧通过铰接接头10铰接到所述挡板6并且在另一侧通过旋转接头11铰接到致动器杆8。
每个挡板6呈拱状，以便能够在收回位置中(图1)符合机身2的形状。此外，为了减小所述挡板在伸展位置中(图2)可能引起的阻力，挡板的与相应空气入口5相反的端部12呈圆形。

Claims (4)

1.一种单级空间飞行器(1)，所述空间飞行器(1)能够以大于0.9马赫的速度飞行，并且所述空间飞行器(1)包括：
绝氧推进装置(3)，以及
需氧推进装置(4)，所述需氧推进装置(4)设置有至少一个空气入口(5)，
其特征在于，所述空间飞行器(1)包括至少一个可动挡板(6)，所述至少一个可动挡板(6)在所述空气入口的前方安装在所述空间飞行器的框架上，并且所述至少一个可动挡板(6)能够沿两个方向在第一位置与第二位置之间运动，在所述第一位置中，所述可动挡板(6)不阻挡所述空气入口(5)并且贴靠所述空间飞行器的机身(2)，在所述第二位置中，所述可动挡板(6)覆盖所述空气入口(5)以使空气入口不受所述空间飞行器(1)周围的空气动力流动的影响，从而防止空气进入所述空气入口(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器，其特征在于，所述可动挡板(6)在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间转动。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器，
其特征在于，所述可动挡板(6)呈拱状，以在所述可动挡板(6)占据所述第一位置时使所述可动挡板(6)符合所述机身(2)的形状。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的飞行器，
其特征在于，所述可动挡板(6)与所述空气入口(5)相反地呈圆形。
CN201480006072.5A 2013-02-06 2014-01-17 空间飞行器 Pending CN105452106A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1300242A FR3001709B1 (fr) 2013-02-06 2013-02-06 Avion spatial
FR13/00242 2013-02-06
PCT/FR2014/000009 WO2014122369A1 (fr) 2013-02-06 2014-01-17 Avion spatial

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN105452106A true CN105452106A (zh) 2016-03-30

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Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20150344158A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2953853B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2016508914A (zh)
CN (1) CN105452106A (zh)
AU (1) AU2014213865A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2896783A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR3001709B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2015131100A (zh)
SG (1) SG11201505647YA (zh)
TN (1) TN2015000294A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014122369A1 (zh)

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Publication number Publication date
FR3001709B1 (fr) 2015-08-07
US20150344158A1 (en) 2015-12-03
EP2953853A1 (fr) 2015-12-16
SG11201505647YA (en) 2015-09-29
EP2953853B1 (fr) 2016-11-23
JP2016508914A (ja) 2016-03-24
CA2896783A1 (fr) 2014-08-14
TN2015000294A1 (fr) 2016-10-03
WO2014122369A1 (fr) 2014-08-14
RU2015131100A (ru) 2017-03-13
FR3001709A1 (fr) 2014-08-08
AU2014213865A1 (en) 2015-08-13

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