CN105449357B - A kind of knife-edge double frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
A kind of knife-edge double frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种刀形双频水平极化全向天线，包括天线罩和天线，所述天线被封装在天线罩内，所述天线包括天线辐射单元及馈电单元，所述天线辐射单元为一个口径面开口的长方体，其开口的口径面称为开口面，所述馈电单元位于天线辐射单元内，且位于垂直方向的中央，所述馈电单元为渐变形式金属贴片，所述渐变形式金属贴片上开有U形槽。本发明天线结构简单新颖、尺寸较小、且方向图稳定、全向性好、交叉极化小、能实现频率可控的双频谐振特性、增益高等优点，适用于移动通信领域。
The invention discloses a knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, which includes a radome and an antenna, the antenna is packaged in the radome, the antenna includes an antenna radiation unit and a feeding unit, and the antenna radiation unit It is a cuboid with an opening on the aperture surface, and the aperture surface of the opening is called the opening surface. The feed unit is located in the antenna radiation unit and is located in the center of the vertical direction. The feed unit is a metal patch in a gradual change form. There is a U-shaped groove on the gradient form metal patch. The invention has the advantages of simple and novel structure, small size, stable pattern, good omnidirectionality, small cross polarization, dual-frequency resonance characteristics with controllable frequency and high gain, and is suitable for the field of mobile communication.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及移动通信领域，特别涉及一种刀形双频水平极化全向天线。The invention relates to the field of mobile communication, in particular to a knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会的发展，科学技术的进步，无线通信在人们生活中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用，天线作为无线通信中必不可少的部分也得到了飞速发展。一方面多种无线通信制式系统并存；另一方面，为满足射频系统多频段的要求，天线需要具有多频特性。多频天线不仅能满足人与人之间大量的信息高速度传递的需求，并且可以使一副天线工作于多个通信系统频段，从而减少载体上天线的数目，实现通信设备的小型化。2009年9月IEEE官方定义了IEEE 802.11n标准，规定：2.4-2.4835GHz与5.15-5.85GHz为无线WiFi工作频段。WiFi是WLAN的重要组成部分，如今，WiFi技术已经成为人们生活必不可少的通信技术，而天线作为无线通信必不可少的部分，所以研究覆盖上述频段的水平极化全向天线非常有意义和必要。With the development of society and the advancement of science and technology, wireless communication plays an increasingly important role in people's lives, and antennas, as an indispensable part of wireless communication, have also developed rapidly. On the one hand, a variety of wireless communication systems coexist; on the other hand, in order to meet the multi-band requirements of the radio frequency system, the antenna needs to have multi-frequency characteristics. Multi-frequency antennas can not only meet the needs of high-speed transmission of a large amount of information between people, but also enable an antenna to work in multiple frequency bands of communication systems, thereby reducing the number of antennas on the carrier and realizing the miniaturization of communication equipment. In September 2009, IEEE officially defined the IEEE 802.11n standard, stipulating: 2.4-2.4835GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz are wireless WiFi working frequency bands. WiFi is an important part of WLAN. Today, WiFi technology has become an indispensable communication technology for people's lives, and antennas are an indispensable part of wireless communication. Therefore, it is very meaningful and meaningful to study horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennas covering the above frequency bands. necessary.
水平极化全向天线是指在水平面内实现360度均匀辐射，垂直面内有一定波束宽度的天线，故其发射的信号可以被水平面任意方位的接收端接收，同时可接收水平面的各个方向的信号，在通信系统中一般应用大范围覆盖、点对多点通信系统中。在日常生活中，全向天线已经广泛应用于移动通信、射频识别、信道检测等场合；在军事上，全向天线在卫星通信、雷达传感器网络、空间飞行器等领域也有广泛应用。The horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna refers to an antenna that achieves 360-degree uniform radiation in the horizontal plane and has a certain beamwidth in the vertical plane, so the signal emitted by it can be received by the receiving end in any direction on the horizontal plane, and can receive signals from all directions on the horizontal plane at the same time. Signals are generally used in large-scale coverage and point-to-multipoint communication systems in communication systems. In daily life, omnidirectional antennas have been widely used in mobile communications, radio frequency identification, channel detection and other occasions; in military affairs, omnidirectional antennas are also widely used in satellite communications, radar sensor networks, space vehicles and other fields.
全向天线中常见的多是垂直极化形式，水平极化的不多。由于水平极化天线辐射的电磁波与垂直极化电磁波相互正交，能最大程度地减少与垂直极化方式工作的电磁波之间的互扰，从而可以使用户获得更为清洁的无线电信号。据研究，在室内无线通信系统中，发射端和接受端都采用水平极化天线的系统比采用垂直极化天线的系统可以多获得平均10dB的功率。Most omnidirectional antennas are vertically polarized, and not many are horizontally polarized. Since the electromagnetic waves radiated by the horizontally polarized antenna are orthogonal to the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, the interference with the electromagnetic waves working in the vertically polarized mode can be minimized, so that users can obtain cleaner radio signals. According to research, in an indoor wireless communication system, a system using horizontally polarized antennas at both the transmitting end and the receiving end can obtain an average 10dB more power than a system using vertically polarized antennas.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术存在的缺点与不足，本发明提供一种刀形双频水平极化全向天线。In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
本天线是一种方向图稳定，且结构简单，全向性好，交叉极化低的水平极化全向天线，使用单个天线，便可以实现WiFi两个频段：2.4-2.4835GHz与5.15-5.85GHz，且各频段内的全向性能良好，所以在水平面内不管用户移动的方向如何都能确保覆盖。This antenna is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with stable pattern, simple structure, good omnidirectionality and low cross polarization. With a single antenna, two frequency bands of WiFi can be realized: 2.4-2.4835GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz GHz, and the omnidirectional performance in each frequency band is good, so coverage can be ensured regardless of the direction of user movement in the horizontal plane.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种刀形双频水平极化全向天线，包括天线罩和天线，所述天线被封装在天线罩内，所述天线包括天线辐射单元及馈电单元，所述天线辐射单元为一个口径面开口的长方体，其开口的口径面称为开口面，所述馈电单元为一个开有U型槽的渐变形式金属贴片，且位于天线辐射单元内部。A knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna includes a radome and an antenna, the antenna is packaged in the radome, the antenna includes an antenna radiation unit and a feed unit, and the antenna radiation unit is an aperture surface For a cuboid with an opening, the aperture surface of the opening is called the opening surface, and the feed unit is a metal patch with a U-shaped groove in a gradual form, and is located inside the antenna radiation unit.
所述天线罩为刀形结构，所述刀形结构的背面与长方体的开口面共面且开口。The radome is a knife-shaped structure, and the back of the knife-shaped structure is coplanar with the opening surface of the cuboid and has an opening.
所述渐变形式金属贴片的渐变形式具体为椭圆渐变、圆形渐变或抛物线渐变。The gradual change form of the gradual change form metal patch is specifically an elliptical change form, a circular change form or a parabolic change form.
所述U形槽关于渐变形式金属贴片横向中线对称，所述U形槽的长度为0.3λh-0.6λh,槽的宽度为0.5mm-1mm,其中λh为该天线高频段中心谐振频率fh在自由空间中所对应波长。The U-shaped slot is symmetrical to the transverse midline of the gradual form metal patch, the length of the U-shaped slot is 0.3λh - 0.6λh , and the width of the slot is 0.5mm-1mm, where λh is the central resonance of the high-frequency band of the antenna The frequency f h corresponds to the wavelength in free space.
所述渐变形式金属贴片靠近长方体开口面一端开路，另一端中点即为馈电点。One end of the metal patch in gradual change form close to the open surface of the cuboid is open, and the midpoint of the other end is the feeding point.
所述馈电单元上的U形槽开口方向正对馈电点。The opening direction of the U-shaped slot on the feed unit is facing the feed point.
渐变形式金属贴片的长度为0.35λh-0.75λh，渐变形式金属贴片宽度为0.2λh-0.6λh，其中λh为该天线高频段中心谐振频率fh在自由空间中所对应波长。The length of the metal patch in the gradual form is 0.35λ h -0.75λ h , and the width of the metal patch in the form of gradual change is 0.2λ h -0.6λ h , where λ h is the corresponding resonant frequency f h of the high frequency band center of the antenna in free space wavelength.
长方体的开口面长宽分别为、0.45λL-0.7λL、0.08λL-0.23λL，长方体的深度L为0.15λL-0.35λL，其中λL为该天线低频段中心谐振频率fL在自由空间中所对应波长。The length and width of the opening of the cuboid are 0.45λ L -0.7λ L , 0.08λ L -0.23λ L , and the depth L of the cuboid is 0.15λ L -0.35λ L , where λ L is the center resonant frequency f of the low frequency band of the antenna The wavelength corresponding to L in free space.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)该天线的结构简单新颖，其天线罩部分为采用玻璃纤维增强塑料制成的流线型的刀形结构，可以很好的保护天线辐射体，采用流线型的刀结构在航空器系统的飞行中可以减少风阻。(1) The structure of the antenna is simple and novel. The radome part is a streamlined knife-shaped structure made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, which can well protect the antenna radiator. The streamlined knife structure can be used during the flight of the aircraft system. Reduce wind resistance.
(2)该天线的结构简单新颖，其辐射体的长方体开口面为实现水平极化全向辐射的关键，调节该开口面的长与宽会对天线的全向性能有所影响。(2) The structure of the antenna is simple and novel. The cuboid opening of the radiator is the key to realize the omnidirectional radiation of horizontal polarization. Adjusting the length and width of the opening will affect the omnidirectional performance of the antenna.
(3)该天线的馈线部分，结构简单新颖，且带U形槽的渐变形式的馈电部分能配合背腔长方体辐射体能实现匹配良好的且频率可控的双频谐振模式。(3) The feeder part of the antenna has a simple and novel structure, and the gradually changing feeder part with a U-shaped slot can cooperate with the cavity-backed cuboid radiator to realize a well-matched and frequency-controllable dual-frequency resonance mode.
(4)该天线仅用一个辐射单元，便可以实现WiFi双频带覆盖，且在这两个频段上都能获得良好的辐射方向图，有着良好的水平极化全向性能，且交叉极化非常小，均在-40B以下；(4) The antenna can achieve WiFi dual-band coverage with only one radiating unit, and can obtain a good radiation pattern on these two frequency bands, has good horizontal polarization omnidirectional performance, and cross polarization is very Small, all below -40B;
(5)该天线的相对尺寸小，结构简单，仅由两部分组成，便于加工成型；(5) The relative size of the antenna is small, the structure is simple, and it only consists of two parts, which is convenient for processing and forming;
(6)该天线结构简单，仅由金属组成，加工成本低；(6) The antenna has a simple structure, is only composed of metal, and has low processing cost;
(7)传统的全向天线的增益普遍偏低，该天线的最大增益可达5dBi，该天线的馈电方式简单，新颖，且该带U形槽的馈电网络仅对天线的阻抗特性产生影响，对天线的全向特性几乎不影响。实现了良好的双频谐振匹配模式。(7) The gain of traditional omnidirectional antennas is generally low, and the maximum gain of this antenna can reach 5dBi. It has almost no effect on the omnidirectional characteristics of the antenna. A good dual-frequency resonance matching mode is achieved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明刀形双频水平极化全向天线封装后的立体图；Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the packaged knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
图2是本发明刀形双频水平极化全向天线封装前的立体图；Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention before packaging;
图3是本发明刀形双频水平极化全向天线封装前的俯视图；Fig. 3 is a top view of the knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention before packaging;
图4是本发明刀形双频水平极化全向天线封装前的回波损耗图；Fig. 4 is the return loss diagram before packaging of the knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
图5是本发明在2.45GHz处的XOY平面的辐射方向图；Fig. 5 is the radiation pattern diagram of the XOY plane of the present invention at 2.45GHz;
图6是本发明在5.45GHz处的XOY平面的辐射方向图。Fig. 6 is the radiation pattern of the XOY plane at 5.45 GHz according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例及附图，对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例Example
本实施例中长方体高与宽构成的面为正面或背面，长与宽构成的面为顶面或底面，长与高构成的面为左侧面或右侧面，其中长、宽、高的长度由长至短依次为：高、长、宽。In this embodiment, the face formed by the height and width of the cuboid is the front or back, the face formed by the length and width is the top face or the bottom face, and the face formed by the length and height is the left side or the right side, wherein the length, width and height are The order of length from long to short is: height, length, width.
如图1所示，一种刀形双频水平极化全向天线，包括天线罩K，所述天线罩是一种采用玻璃纤维增强塑料制成的流线型的刀形结构，采用流线型的刀形结构在飞行的过程中可以减少风阻，整个天线位于天线罩内部，所述天线包括天线辐射单元R及馈电单元M，所述天线辐射单元为一个口径面开口的长方体，其开口的口径面称为开口面，刀形结构的背面与开口面共面，所述刀形结构的背面开口，有利于辐射。As shown in Figure 1, a knife-shaped dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna includes a radome K, the radome is a streamlined knife-shaped structure made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the streamlined knife-shaped The structure can reduce wind resistance during flight. The entire antenna is located inside the radome. The antenna includes an antenna radiating unit R and a feeding unit M. The antenna radiating unit is a cuboid with an aperture surface opening, and the aperture surface of the opening is called It is an open surface, the back of the knife-shaped structure is coplanar with the open surface, and the back of the knife-shaped structure is open, which is beneficial to radiation.
所述天线辐射单元由单面开口的长方体构成，开口面为正面或者背面，本实施例中该长方体的材料采用金属铜，如图2所示,其右侧面BDEG，左侧面ACFH，ABCD为长方体的正面,也即为本实施例的开口面，其中AB、BG、AC分别为刀形长方体的宽长高，其中长对应上述长方体的深度,长方体宽长高分别为0.15λL、0.22λL、0.6λL，其中λL为该天线低频段中心谐振频率fL在自由空间中所对应波长。The antenna radiating unit is composed of a cuboid with a single opening, and the opening surface is the front or the back. In this embodiment, the material of the cuboid is metal copper. As shown in Figure 2, the right side BDEG, the left side ACFH, ABCD is the front of the cuboid, that is, the opening face of the present embodiment, wherein AB, BG, and AC are respectively the width, length and height of the knife-shaped cuboid, wherein the length corresponds to the depth of the above-mentioned cuboid, and the width, length and height of the cuboid are respectively 0.15λ L and 0.22 λ L , 0.6λ L , where λ L is the wavelength corresponding to the antenna's low-frequency center resonant frequency f L in free space.
调整该辐射单元与该馈电单元的组合尺寸可实现一个频率可控的双频水平极化全向天线。Adjusting the combined size of the radiating unit and the feeding unit can realize a frequency-controllable dual-frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
此馈电单元位于天线辐射单元内部，且此馈电单元在天线辐射体内部的前后左右相对位置如图3所示，馈电单元位于天线辐射单元垂直方向的中央位置，图3为天线的俯视图，ABGH面为长方体的顶面，此渐变指的是金属馈电贴片相距长方体左或者右侧面内壁的距离由开口面向内渐进变化，如图2所示，本实施例中馈电单元与BDEG面的距离为椭圆渐变形式，且恰好为1/4椭圆的渐变形式金属贴片，以图3中的O点为圆心，长轴在Y轴上，短轴在X轴上，且圆心O与此馈电金属贴片结构的一端(与天线辐射单元左或者右侧面靠近的一端)在X轴上的的距离恰好为此椭圆的短半轴长a，且圆心O与此馈电金属贴片结构的另一端(与天线辐射单元开口面共面的一端)在Y轴上的的距离恰好为此椭圆的长半轴长b，馈电单元M与天线辐射体左或者右侧面靠近的一端与左右侧面平行，且与长方体的内壁BDEG面在此实施例中相距d1，与长方体开口面相对的面(如图2所示的EFGH面)的距离为d2，馈电单元与左右侧面平行的一端贴片边缘的中心为馈电点，此馈电点与50欧姆同轴线内芯S相连，馈电单元M的另一端与天线辐射单元开口面共面且开路。The feeding unit is located inside the antenna radiating unit, and the relative position of the feeding unit inside the antenna radiator is shown in Figure 3. The feeding unit is located in the center of the antenna radiating unit in the vertical direction. Figure 3 is a top view of the antenna , the ABGH surface is the top surface of the cuboid. This gradient refers to the gradual change in the distance between the metal feed patch and the inner wall of the left or right side of the cuboid from the opening to the inside. As shown in Figure 2, the feed unit and the The distance of the BDEG surface is in the form of an ellipse gradient, and it is exactly a 1/4 ellipse gradient form metal patch, with the point O in Figure 3 as the center of the circle, the long axis is on the Y axis, the short axis is on the X axis, and the center of the circle is O The distance from one end of the feeding metal patch structure (the end close to the left or right side of the antenna radiating element) on the X-axis is just the length a of the minor semi-axis of this ellipse, and the center of circle O is closer to the feeding metal patch structure. The distance between the other end of the patch structure (the end that is coplanar with the opening of the antenna radiating element) on the Y axis is exactly the length b of the major semi-axis of this ellipse, and the feeding unit M is close to the left or right side of the antenna radiating body One end of the parallelepiped is parallel to the left and right sides, and is at a distance d 1 from the BDEG surface of the inner wall of the cuboid in this embodiment, and the distance from the surface opposite to the opening surface of the cuboid (the EFGH surface shown in Figure 2) is d 2 , and the feed unit and The center of the edge of the patch at one end parallel to the left and right sides is the feed point, which is connected to the inner core S of the 50 ohm coaxial line, and the other end of the feed unit M is coplanar with the opening surface of the antenna radiation unit and is open.
在本实施例中此椭圆的长半轴b为18.3mm，椭圆的短半轴长a为13.4mm，该形如1/4椭圆形式渐变金属贴片的线宽MW为18.2mm，d1＝1.2mm，d2＝8.2mm，且该1/4椭圆形式渐变金属贴片的线宽对此双频天线的高频与低频的频率比有一定影响。In this embodiment, the semi-major axis b of the ellipse is 18.3 mm, the semi-minor axis length a of the ellipse is 13.4 mm, and the line width MW of this 1/4 ellipse-shaped gradient metal patch is 18.2 mm, d 1 = 1.2mm, d 2 =8.2mm, and the line width of the 1/4 elliptical tapered metal patch has a certain influence on the frequency ratio of high frequency and low frequency of this dual-frequency antenna.
该带有背腔的缝隙辐射体经过带U形槽U的渐变形式的开路微带线耦合馈电可实现频率可控的双频谐振模式，且低频谐振模式为缝隙的长度的半波长谐振模式，高频谐振模式为天线高次谐振模，U形槽U关于馈电单元M的上下中心线对称，且槽口正对馈电点，此实施例中U形槽U的槽宽为0.6mm，总长度约为25mm，且该U型槽上下槽边与馈电单元M的上下中心线的距离为0.9mm。且此U型槽槽口端与馈电点的相对距离为0.6mm。此双频水平极化全向天线的回波损耗特性如图4所示。整个馈电单元位于天线辐射单元的中央位置，且调节馈电部分的参数对天线的全向辐射性能影响不大，该天线的水平极化全向辐射性能主要依靠长方体的开口面所形成的缝隙，并且该天线在所覆盖的两个频段上均有良好的水平极化全向辐射特性，如图5、图6所示。The cavity-backed slot radiator is coupled and fed through a gradually changing open-circuit microstrip line with a U-shaped groove U to realize a frequency-controllable dual-frequency resonance mode, and the low-frequency resonance mode is a half-wavelength resonance mode of the length of the slot. , the high-frequency resonance mode is the high-order resonance mode of the antenna, the U-shaped slot U is symmetrical about the upper and lower centerlines of the feed unit M, and the slot is facing the feed point, and the slot width of the U-shaped slot U in this embodiment is 0.6mm , the total length is about 25 mm, and the distance between the upper and lower sides of the U-shaped groove and the upper and lower centerlines of the feed unit M is 0.9 mm. And the relative distance between the notch end of the U-shaped slot and the feeding point is 0.6mm. The return loss characteristics of this dual-band horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna are shown in Figure 4. The entire feed unit is located in the center of the antenna radiation unit, and adjusting the parameters of the feed part has little effect on the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna. The horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna mainly depends on the gap formed by the opening surface of the cuboid , and the antenna has good horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the two covered frequency bands, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 .
本发明依靠长方体的开口口径面所形成的缝隙产生水平极化全向辐射，并且在所覆盖的两个频段上都具有良好的全向性。本发明天线结构简单新颖、尺寸较小、且方向图稳定、全向性好、交叉极化小、能实现频率可控的双频谐振特性、增益高等优点，适用于移动通信领域。The invention relies on the gap formed by the open aperture surface of the cuboid to generate horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation, and has good omnidirectionality in the two covered frequency bands. The invention has the advantages of simple and novel structure, small size, stable pattern, good omnidirectionality, small cross polarization, dual-frequency resonance characteristics with controllable frequency and high gain, and is suitable for the field of mobile communication.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions and combinations made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention , simplification, all should be equivalent replacement methods, and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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