CN105448459B - Multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet - Google Patents

Multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105448459B
CN105448459B CN201510907869.9A CN201510907869A CN105448459B CN 105448459 B CN105448459 B CN 105448459B CN 201510907869 A CN201510907869 A CN 201510907869A CN 105448459 B CN105448459 B CN 105448459B
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permanent magnet
magnetic pole
speed
hole
iron core
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CN105448459A (en
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范立云
周伟
费红姿
马修真
刘鹏
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WUXI GDS MACHINERY MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd.
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet. Each permanent magnet high-speed electromagnet comprises an iron core, a coil, an outer shell, an annular small permanent magnet and a large permanent magnet, wherein each iron core comprises a cylindrical primary magnetic pole and a circular secondary magnetic pole; each coil is arranged in a coil mounting groove; each outer shell sleeves the outside of each iron core; an annular flange extends out of the bottom of each primary magnetic pole or each secondary magnetic pole; the small permanent magnet is inlaid between each annular flange and each primary magnetic pole or each secondary magnetic pole; each small permanent magnet is in radial radiation magnetization; two permanent magnet high-speed electromagnets are symmetrically arranged; an armature and a valve rod are shared by the two permanent magnet high-speed electromagnets; a through hole is formed in the middle of each primary magnetic pole; the valve rod is arranged in each through hole in a penetrating manner; the armature is fixed on the valve rod; each large permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring which is concentric with each iron core and is inlaid between two pairs of magnetic poles arranged up and down; and each large permanent magnet is in radial radiation magnetization. The multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet is fast in response, high in stability, low in leakage flux and applicable to an electronic-controlled fuel system of a diesel engine, and can be in two-way motion.

Description

Many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnet, especially a kind of diesel electric-controlled fuel system high-speed electro-magnet.
Background technology
Electric control fuel oil jet system is the developing direction of modern diesel engine fuel system.Response speed can reach Millisecond Electromagnet can be described as high-speed electro-magnet.At this stage, either time controlled system, or the high pressure of pressure versus time control is total to Rail system, high-speed electro-magnet is all the important spare part for ensureing electric control fuel system normal work, its forceful electric power magnetic force and quick sound Characteristic is answered to directly affect the precise control of injection timing and distributive value.To meet increasingly strict Abgasgesetz, fuel oil warp is improved Ji property, reduces hazardous emission, and the performance to electromagnet proposes requirement higher.
Conventional E types work of electromagnet frequency is higher, and due to by remagnetization, causing eddy-current loss to increase, quantity of heat production increases, The magnetic property of magnetic material is influenceed, the Stability and dependability of work of electromagnet is reduced.And conventional electromagnetic iron easily goes out Existing leakage field phenomenon, has a negative impact to electromagnetism ferrum property.To strengthen the radiating of electromagnet, leakage field is reduced, improve electromagnet Stability and dependability, will rationally improve electromagnet structure, for improving electromagnet on the premise of electromagnetic force requirement is met There can be important influence.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of respond it is fast, can bidirectional-movement, the high and low leakage field of stability many permanent magnetism at a high speed Bidirectional electromagnet.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:Including two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets, each permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnet bag Iron core, coil and shell body are included, iron core is made up of cylindrical main pole and annular secondary magnetic pole, is set between main pole and secondary magnetic pole Coil mounting groove is put, coil is arranged in coil mounting groove, and shell body is enclosed within outside iron core, and main pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom are extended Annular flange, also including annular small permanent magnet, small permanent magnet is embedded in the annular flange and main pole or secondary magnetic pole is middle, The magnetizing direction of small permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, and two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets are arranged symmetrically and small permanent magnetism body end is relative, Two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets share an armature and a valve rod, and the centre of main pole carries through hole, and valve rod is through described logical Kong Zhong, armature is fixed on valve rod, and also including big permanent magnet, big permanent magnet is the cylinder ring concentric with iron core, is embedded in up and down Between two secondary magnetic poles, the magnetizing direction of big permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, radially inwards.
Many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention can also include:
1st, the through hole in the middle of main pole is shoulder hole, and the back-moving spring being enclosed within valve rod is set in shoulder hole.
2nd, the small permanent magnet is continuous annular.
3rd, the small permanent magnet is the annular being made up of several sections of circular arcs of decile.
4th, several sections of circular arc compact arrangements of the decile.
5th, there is gap between several sections of circular arcs of the decile.
6th, annular flange and the interface of small permanent magnet are the face of cylinder.
7th, annular flange and the interface of small permanent magnet are circular conical surface.
8th, big permanent magnet is three sections of circular arcs composition of decile, has gap between three sections of circular arcs.
9th, cooling component is also included, the cooling component includes damping displacement regulation ring, guiding valve, valve pocket, centered on guiding valve The cylindrical structure of through hole is provided with, slide valve buckle is on valve rod, if guiding valve is provided with dry friction damping through hole and is distributed on same circumference, The guiding valve spring that is reset is pressed in damping displacement regulation ring in advance, and the boss knot of cylindrical hole is provided with centered on damping displacement regulation ring Structure.
Many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention are structure symmetrical above and below, and its composition includes shell body, iron core, line Circle, armature, coil rack, sealing resin, embedded valve pocket, back-moving spring and valve rod.Through hole is provided with centered on shell body, with armature Correspondence position is also provided with the cylinder of through hole, and two ends set fixing nut.Iron core is made up of iron core major-minor magnetic pole and small permanent magnet, Flange is located at the nearly coil sides of main pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom.Small permanent magnet is the cylinder ring concentric with iron core, is embedded in main pole In the middle of secondary magnetic pole flange, its magnetizing direction magnetizes for radial radiation, and the magnetic circuit direction with the generation of coil is consistent.Big permanent magnet It is the cylinder ring concentric with iron core, is embedded in inner side between upper and lower two secondary magnetic pole, the magnetizing direction of its permanent magnet is radial radiation Magnetize, radially inwards.
Many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention employ double " day " the font iron core symmetrical structures of permanent magnetism, and main pole is Center is provided with the cylinder or " T " font cylinder of ladder hole, and secondary magnetic pole is the middle cylinder for being provided with ladder hole, secondary magnetic pole Bottom is provided with two concentric grooves, and big permanent magnet diameter is more bigger than secondary magnetic pole maximum groove diameter, its highly with armature thickness phase Deng leaving gap between upper and lower two secondary magnetic pole.Secondary magnetic pole cylinder diameter is equal with main pole ladder center-hole diameter, main pole Extend flange with the nearly coil sides in secondary magnetic pole lower end, flange is complete cylinder ring or circular cone structure.Valve rod passes through with armature Snap ring is fixed, through the embedded valve pocket in the middle of main pole.Small permanent magnet is embedded between flange and magnetic pole, using interference fit. Its upper surface is concordant with lug upper surface, and small permanent magnet lower surface is concordant or lower slightly with major-minor magnetic pole lower surface.Small permanent magnet is Complete magnet ring or the circular arc permanent magnet of decile, circular arc permanent magnet close arrangement or decile the uniform intervals distribution of decile.Greatly Permanent magnet is the circular arc permanent magnet of the decile of uniform intervals distribution, between upper and lower two secondary magnetic pole.Main pole top and nut Center is provided with threaded hole, and both are connected by screw.
Many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention, employ permanent magnetism " day " font structure, two reset bullets Armature is placed in centre position by spring, and upper coil is powered, and lower coil power-off, armature is moved upwards;Conversely, move downward, according to This bidirectional-movement to control armature.The magnetic field produced after coil electricity and small permanent magnet produce magnetic field superposition, small permanent magnet one Aspect shields the leakage field between major-minor magnetic pole, on the other hand there is provided the magnetic flux by armature, increases electromagnetic force;Armature exists In attracting process, big permanent magnet shields the leakage field between armature and housing.The flange of secondary magnetic pole increases iron core with armature Adhesive area, allows the magnetic induction line part by armature by flange, while also making armature entirety Magnetic Induction Density Distribution It is more uniform, it is less prone to the phenomenon of local saturation too early.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet schematic diagrames of the invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is main pole profile;Fig. 3 (b) is secondary magnetic pole profile.
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (c) is 3 kinds of different structure schematic diagrames of medium and small permanent magnet, and the small permanent magnets of Fig. 3 (a) are complete magnetic Ring;Fig. 3 (b) is the circular arc permanent magnet of small permanent magnet decile and is close arrangement;The small permanent magnets of Fig. 3 (c) be the circular arc of decile forever Magnet and be decile uniform intervals distribution.
Fig. 4 is for permanent magnet is the circular arc permanent magnet schematic diagram of decile uniform intervals distribution greatly in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 (a) -5 (c) is four kinds of combining forms of iron core major-minor magnetic pole, and Fig. 5 (a) is that centre is provided with ladder for main pole " T " font cylinder of through hole, secondary magnetic pole is the middle cylinder for being provided with ladder hole, and flange is in secondary magnetic pole near coil sides, Fig. 5 B () is the extension main pole lateral length on the basis of Fig. 5 (a);Fig. 5 (c) is the middle cylinder for being provided with through hole for main pole, Main pole opens reeded cylinder for lower surface center, and flange is in main pole near coil sides.
Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (b) is the combining form of flange and small permanent magnet, and Fig. 6 (a) is flange and small permanent magnet is pylon, Fig. 6 (b) is flange and small permanent magnet is frustum.
Fig. 7 (a)-Fig. 7 (b) be iron core in the middle of be provided with through hole can cooled core structure schematic diagram, Fig. 7 (b) be Fig. 7 Vibration damping cooling component I close-up schematic views in (a).
Fig. 8 (a) -8 (b) be electromagnet coil no power and "on" position under, magnetic circuit circulation schematic diagram, Fig. 8 (a) be coil Electromagnetism iron circuit schematic diagram when being not powered on, electromagnetism iron circuit schematic diagram when Fig. 8 (b) is coil electricity.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the present invention is described in more detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the group of the first implementation method of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention It is coil 2, armature 6, snap ring 10, coil rack 7, sealing resin 3, embedded valve pocket 14, multiple into including shell body 15, day shaped iron core 9 Position spring 13 and valve rod 16.Through hole is provided with centered on shell body 15, with the cylinder that big permanent magnet correspondence position is also provided with through hole 26 Body, upper and lower side respectively sets fixing nut 1.Day shaped iron core 9 is made up of main pole 17, secondary magnetic pole 19 and small permanent magnet 4, main pole 17 Centered on be provided with the cylindrical structure of ladder hole, end face axial is provided with threaded aperture thereon;The bottom of secondary magnetic pole 19 is provided with Annular groove 18, groove center is provided with the cylindrical structure of ladder hole, its center pore radius R2 and the radius R1 phases of main pole 17 Deng.Flange 11 is located at the nearly coil sides in the bottom of main pole 17, and one piece of small permanent magnet 4, two are inlayed between flange 11 and secondary magnetic pole 19 Person uses interference fit;Small permanent magnet can be the circular arc permanent magnet of complete magnet ring or decile, the circular arc permanent magnet of decile Close arrangement or decile uniform intervals are distributed, and its lower surface is concordant with the lower surface of day shaped iron core 9 or lower slightly, and its magnetizing direction is Radial radiation magnetizes, consistent with coil electricity magnetic circuit circulating direction.Fixed by snap ring 10 between valve rod 16 and armature 6, through master Embedded valve pocket 14 in the middle of magnetic pole.Big permanent magnet 5 is located in the groove between upper and lower two secondary magnetic pole, its diameter and secondary magnetic pole bottom Big groove equal diameters, highly equal with armature thickness, the magnetizing direction of big permanent magnet 5 magnetizes for radial radiation, vertically to It is interior.The valve rod 16 of part is connected by snap ring 10 with armature 5 on many permanent magnetism day type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention, with reset Spring 13, main pole 17, coil 2, secondary magnetic pole 19 are sequentially arranged in shell body 15 from top to bottom, and small permanent magnet 4 is from bottom to top Between embedded flange and magnetic pole, big permanent magnet 5 is embedded in secondary magnetic pole groove from bottom to top, lower part erection sequence and upper part one Cause, the two ends of shell body 15 set fixing nut 1, nut is fixed with main pole by screw 8.
With reference to Fig. 5 (a), second implementation method of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention is at the first On the basis of implementation method, change the structure of major-minor magnetic pole, " T " font cylinder of ladder hole be provided with centered on main pole 17, End face axial is provided with axially threaded hole thereon, is evenly arranged in around ladder hole;Through hole is provided with centered on secondary magnetic pole 19 Cylinder, its bottom extends step groove, and the top column diameter of main pole 17 is equal with the through-hole diameter of secondary magnetic pole 19, flange 11 are located at the nearly coil sides in the bottom of secondary magnetic pole 19.
In combination with figure Fig. 5 (b), the third implementation method of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention is On the basis of the first implementation method, change the big body diameter of secondary magnetic pole 19, make it equal to the diameter of main pole 17, reduce secondary magnetic The height of pole 19.The structure eliminates the fixing screws 8 on secondary magnetic pole, and structure becomes simpler, reduces installation difficulty, improves The reliability of work of electromagnet.
In combination with Fig. 5 (c), the 4th kind of implementation method of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention be On the basis of the third implementation method, change major-minor field structure, main pole 17 is provided with the cylinder of ladder hole centered on becoming, Upper surface is provided with axially threaded hole.Reeded cylindrical structure is opened centered on secondary magnetic pole 19, flange 11 is located at secondary magnetic pole The nearly coil sides in bottom, major-minor magnetic pole is fixed by screw.
In combination with Fig. 5 (c), Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b), the double king's type high-speed bidirectional electricity of many permanent magnetic radial multi-coils of the invention 5th kind of implementation method of magnet is the fit form for changing flange 11 and small permanent magnet 4.As shown in Fig. 5 (c), flange 11 with it is small The fit form of permanent magnet 4 is that cylinder ring coordinates and flange width L1 is equal or bigger with permanent magnet width L2.Such as Fig. 6 (a), 6 B shown in (), flange 11 is that circular cone ring coordinates and the bottom width L1 of flange is more than permanent magnet bottom surface with the fit form of permanent magnet 4 Width L2.
In combination with Fig. 7 (a) -7 (b), the 6th kind of embodiment party of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention Formula is that more than on the basis of five kinds of implementation methods, the heart sets up vibration damping cooling component II, including damping displacement regulation in the core Ring 21, back-moving spring 13, guiding valve 25, valve pocket 22, if damping displacement regulation ring 21 and guiding valve 25 be provided with dry friction damping through hole 20 and It is distributed on same circumference, guiding valve 25 is reset, and spring 13 is pre- to be pressed in damping displacement regulation ring 21, damping displacement regulation ring 21 Centered on be provided with cylindrical hole, the boss structure of axially extending bore is provided with around cylindrical hole.Guiding valve 25 is enclosed within valve rod, its center Bore dia is more bigger than valve rod, can move up and down.Valve pocket 22 is fixed on valve rod, and gap, valve pocket 22 are left between guiding valve and valve pocket In uphill process, contacted with guiding valve 25, and promote guiding valve to press spring, until armature stop motion.The attracting process of armature 6 In, on the one hand vibration damping cooling component avoids the fierce adhesive of armature, and another aspect fuel oil is squeezed and flowed through from central through hole, The heat of coil 2 and day shaped iron core 9 is taken away, it is ensured that the good magnetic property of core material, while extruded fuel oil is therefrom Heart through hole is discharged, and reduces armature surface hydraulic coupling, is reduced armature 6 and is moved suffered damping force, is improve electromagnet and is dynamically rung Answer speed.
While Fig. 8 (a), 8 (b) show the operation principle of many permanent magnetism even-numbered days type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet, such as Fig. 8 (a) institutes Show, when top and the bottom 2 all no powers of coil, armature 6 is placed in centre position by back-moving spring 13, due to day shaped iron core and armature Between the working gas gap that exists it is larger with respect to iron core magnetic resistance, small permanent magnet 4 is produced and arrives small again through iron core secondary magnetic pole 19, main pole 17 The magnetic flux Φ of permanent magnet 4 and closure4, wherein sub-fraction arrives small again by interior working gas gap 24, armature 6, outer working gas gap 23 The magnetic flux Φ of the closure of permanent magnet 43;As shown in Fig. 8 (b), when upper coil is powered, and lower coil is powered off, it is produced through secondary magnetic The magnetic flux Φ that pole 19, main pole 17, interior working gas gap 24, armature 6, outer working gas gap 23 arrive secondary magnetic pole 19 and close again1;Due to The magnetic induction line direction that now small permanent magnet 4 is produced is reverse with the magnetic induction direction of iron core 9, and now small permanent magnet 4 produces most of warp Cross the magnetic that main pole 17, interior working gas gap 24, armature 6, outer working gas gap 23, secondary magnetic pole 19 return small permanent magnet 4 and close Logical Φ2;Big permanent magnet effectively shields the leakage field between armature and housing;The magnetic field produced after coil electricity and small permanent magnet Magnetic field superposition is produced, on the one hand small permanent magnet shields the leakage field between major-minor magnetic pole, on the other hand there is provided by armature Magnetic flux, increases electromagnetic force;In attracting process, big permanent magnet shields the leakage field between armature and housing to armature.Secondary magnetic pole Flange increase the adhesive area of iron core and armature, allow the magnetic induction line part by armature by flange, while Make armature entirety Magnetic Induction Density Distribution more uniform, be less prone to the phenomenon of local saturation too early.With the increasing of driving current Greatly, when suction is more than resistance suffered by armature 6, armature starts to be moved to day shaped iron core direction, until reaching at maximum displacement.Greatly The magnetic flux that permanent magnet 5 is produced is constant.When armature reaches maximum displacement, coil can be powered off, can by the magnetic force of size permanent magnet Holding armature attracting state, eliminates maintenance electric current, reduces energy ezpenditure, reduces eddy-current loss and the heating of coil Amount.In the attracting process of armature 6, be gradually reduced with the adhesive area of big permanent magnet 5, the magnetic attraction that suffered big permanent magnet is provided also by It is decrescence small, make armature attracting process soft, it is to avoid the fluctuation of the generation that clashes.Further, since electromagnet is worked in always In fuel oil environment, the fuel oil between armature 6 and day shaped iron core 9 is squeezed, and damping hole 25, extruded fuel oil are provided with armature 6 Can be discharged from damping hole 25 and through hole 26, reduce armature surface hydraulic coupling, reduce damping force suffered by armature motion, improve electromagnetism Iron dynamic responding speed.When upper coil power-off, when lower coil is powered, armature 6 is subject to downward electromagnetic attraction, makes armature fast Speed is moved downward, and the structure not only increases electromagnetic force, and accelerate the sound of electromagnet in the case where driving current is constant Answer speed.
Listed above is only some embodiments of the invention.It is clear that the invention is not restricted to above example, may be used also To there is many deformations.All changes that one of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from present disclosure or associate Shape, is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet, it is characterized in that:Including two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets, each permanent magnetism is electric at a high speed Magnet includes iron core, coil and shell body, and iron core is made up of cylindrical main pole and annular secondary magnetic pole, main pole and secondary magnetic pole Between coil mounting groove is set, coil is arranged in coil mounting groove, and shell body is enclosed within outside iron core, main pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom Extend annular flange, also including annular small permanent magnet, small permanent magnet is embedded in the annular flange and main pole or secondary magnetic pole In the middle of, the magnetizing direction of small permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, and two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets are arranged symmetrically and small permanent magnet End is relative, and two permanent magnetism high-speed electro-magnets share an armature and a valve rod, and the centre of main pole carries through hole, and valve rod is through In the through hole, armature is fixed on valve rod, and also including big permanent magnet, big permanent magnet is the cylinder ring concentric with iron core, inlays Between upper and lower two secondary magnetic pole, the magnetizing direction of big permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, radially inwards, logical in the middle of main pole Hole is shoulder hole, and the back-moving spring being enclosed within valve rod is set in shoulder hole, and also including cooling component, the cooling component includes resistance Buddhist nun's displacement regulation ring, guiding valve, valve pocket, are provided with the cylindrical structure of through hole centered on guiding valve, slide valve buckle sets on valve rod on guiding valve If having dry friction damping through hole and being distributed on same circumference, guiding valve be reset spring be pressed in advance damping displacement regulation ring on, damp position The boss structure of cylindrical hole is provided with centered on shifting regulation ring.
2. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:Big permanent magnet is three sections of circles of decile Arc is constituted, and has gap between three sections of circular arcs.
3. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that:The small permanent magnet is continuous Annular.
4. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that:The small permanent magnet be by etc. The annular of several sections of circular arcs composition for dividing, has gap between several sections of circular arc compact arrangements or several sections of circular arcs of the decile.
5. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that:Annular flange and small permanent magnet Interface be the face of cylinder or circular conical surface.
6. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 3, it is characterized in that:Annular flange is right with small permanent magnet Junction is the face of cylinder or circular conical surface.
7. many permanent magnetism high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 4, it is characterized in that:Annular flange is right with small permanent magnet Junction is the face of cylinder or circular conical surface.
CN201510907869.9A 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 Multi-permanent magnet high-speed two-way electromagnet Active CN105448459B (en)

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CN106935355B (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-26 许昌学院 A kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE proportion electro-magnet
CN106960714B (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-26 许昌学院 A kind of compositely proportional electromagnet
CN108494213B (en) * 2018-05-18 2023-06-13 河南理工大学 Linear actuator with electromagnetic-permanent magnetic mixed action and use method thereof
CN112257239B (en) * 2020-10-14 2022-08-02 哈尔滨工程大学 High-speed electromagnetic actuator dynamic performance calculation method considering eddy current effect

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US5488340A (en) * 1994-05-20 1996-01-30 Caterpillar Inc. Hard magnetic valve actuator adapted for a fuel injector
CN2731675Y (en) * 2004-09-07 2005-10-05 籍鹏杰 Permanent magnet actuating gear of low voltage switch
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JP5210821B2 (en) * 2008-11-17 2013-06-12 Ckd株式会社 Fluid control valve
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