CN105448457B - Radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet - Google Patents

Radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet Download PDF

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CN105448457B
CN105448457B CN201510907857.6A CN201510907857A CN105448457B CN 105448457 B CN105448457 B CN 105448457B CN 201510907857 A CN201510907857 A CN 201510907857A CN 105448457 B CN105448457 B CN 105448457B
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coil
radial direction
permanent magnet
hole
main pole
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CN105448457A (en
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范立云
周伟
马修真
刘鹏
姚崇
袁志国
石勇
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

The present invention is to provide a kind of radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet.Including two electromagnet, armature and valve rod;The electromagnet is radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnet, iron core is made up of main pole and secondary magnetic pole, main pole is cylinder, and the cylinder of through hole is provided with centered on secondary magnetic pole, and main pole is located in the through hole of secondary magnetic pole, shell body is enclosed on outside main pole, bulge loop is carried in main pole or secondary magnetic pole, bulge loop is axially provided with equally distributed fan-shaped or waist through hole, coil inner core is formed between adjacent two fan-shaped pylone, coil is radially wrapped on coil inner core, and the center of main pole is provided with through hole;Two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets are symmetrically installed, and armature is between two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets, and valve rod is through in the through hole at two main pole centers, and armature is fixed with valve rod.The present invention have fast response time, driving current is small, thermal diffusivity is good, can bidirectional-movement the characteristics of, suitable for diesel electric-controlled fuel system.

Description

Radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electromagnet, especially a kind of diesel electric-controlled fuel system high-speed electro-magnet.
Background technology
With the development of electronic Control for Diesel Engine technology, the Electronic Control of fuel injection system have become meet it is increasingly tight The important technology of the Abgasgesetz of lattice.No matter electrically-controlled pump nozzle, monoblock pump, dispensing pump, or at present development speed it is high faster Common rail electronically controlled fuel injection system is pressed, high-speed electro-magnet is all the key components and parts for ensureing its normal work, automatically controlled as fuel system The interface of unit and fuel injection equipment (FIE), realized by the closing moment and closing time length that adjust armature to injection timing and The accurate control of distributive value, its application realize fuel-injected Digital Control.
The electromagnet that response speed can reach Millisecond can be described as high-speed electro-magnet.High-speed electro-magnet is operated in a collection In the complication system that electricity, magnetic, machine, liquid couple, its forceful electric power magnetic force and fast response characteristic directly determines electronic fuel injection The flexible fuel injection characteristic of system.Traditional E type electromagnet, lacks effective heat exchange measure, causes coil temperature rise bigger, and then Influence the magnetic property of magnetic material so that the response speed of electromagnet is slack-off.To reduce the operating temperature of electromagnet, typically adopt With small driving current, this result in the reduction of electromagnetic force again.Therefore under the requirement for meeting electromagnetic force, using less driving Strengthen the heat exchange of electromagnet while electric current is to reduce energy consumption, realize that it is effectively cooled down, the response characteristic for improving electromagnet, Improve fuel injection characteristic, realize that diesel energy conservation and emissions reduction has great importance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fast response time, driving current is small, thermal diffusivity is good, can bidirectional-movement Radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Including two electromagnet, armature and valve rod;The electromagnet is radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnet, including shell Body, iron core and coil, the iron core are made up of main pole and secondary magnetic pole, and main pole is cylinder, is provided with centered on secondary magnetic pole logical The cylinder in hole, main pole are located in the through hole of secondary magnetic pole, and shell body is enclosed on outside main pole, with convex in main pole or secondary magnetic pole Ring, the bulge loop are axially provided with equally distributed fan-shaped or waist through hole, coil inner core, line are formed between adjacent two fan-shaped pylone Circle is radially wrapped on coil inner core, and the center of main pole is provided with through hole;Two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets share one Armature and a valve rod, two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets are symmetrically installed, and armature is electric at a high speed positioned at two radial direction multi-coils Between magnet, valve rod is through in the through hole at two main pole centers, and armature is fixed with valve rod.
The present invention can also include:
1st, the radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnet also includes permanent magnet, and permanent magnet is and the concentric cylinder ring of iron core, master Flange is stretched out in magnetic pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom, and permanent magnet is embedded between flange and another magnetic pole, the upper surface of permanent magnet and flange Upper surface is concordant, and lower surface is concordant or lower slightly with iron core lower surface, and the magnetizing direction of permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, two footpaths It is relative to one end for having permanent magnet of multi-coil high-speed electro-magnet.
2nd, the permanent magnet is the circular arc permanent magnet of decile and decile uniform intervals are distributed, the cooperation shape of permanent magnet and flange Formula is that cylinder ring coordinates and flange width is equal or bigger with permanent magnet width.
3rd, the permanent magnet is the circular arc permanent magnet of decile and decile uniform intervals are distributed, the cooperation shape of permanent magnet and flange Formula is that circular cone ring coordinates and the bottom width of flange is wide more than permanent magnet bottom surface.
4th, the bulge loop and flange are arranged on the inwall of secondary magnetic pole.
5th, the bulge loop is arranged on the outer wall of main pole, and the flange is arranged on the inwall of secondary magnetic pole.
6th, the through hole of main pole is shoulder hole, and setting fluid power vibration damping cooling component, fluid power vibration damping are cold in the shoulder hole But component includes back-moving spring, guiding valve, damping displacement regulation ring, and guiding valve is provided with some damping holes and is distributed on same circumference On, the boss structure of cylindrical hole is provided with centered on damping displacement regulation ring, one section of space, guiding valve position are reserved between valve rod and guiding valve In in damping displacement regulation ring.
The invention provides a kind of fast response time, driving current is small, thermal diffusivity is good, can bidirectional-movement radial direction it is multi-thread The double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of circle.
The double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of radial direction multi-coil of the present invention are structure symmetrical above and below, and it forms main Including shell body, Combined iron core, coil, back-moving spring, coil rack, sealing resin, armature and valve rod.Centered on shell body It is provided with the cylindrical structure of through hole;Combined iron core section is " king " font, including upper and lower two parts, by main pole, secondary magnetic pole With set of permanent magnets into being symmetrically distributed in armature both sides, the nearly coil sides of main pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom extend annular flange;Permanent magnetism Body is and the iron core concentric circles band of column is embedded between flange and magnetic pole.The magnetizing direction of permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, with line The caused magnetic circuit circulating direction of circle is consistent.Armature is placed in by back-moving spring in main pole shoulder hole, by valve stem spacing ring Centre position.
The double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet casing body upper and lower sides of the radial direction multi-coil set fixed big nut;Spiral shell Mother is provided with annular groove for lower surface, and groove center is provided with the cylinder of through hole;Combined iron core main pole can be that centre is opened There are the cylinder of ladder hole, cross cylinder, " T " font cylinder or boss structure;Secondary magnetic pole is that centre is provided with through hole, on Lower both ends of the surface are all provided with groove or only upper surface is provided with the cylinder of annular groove.Main pole or secondary magnetic pole are provided with axially extending bore, It is evenly arranged on the inside of annular groove, partly forms coil inner core between two axially extending bores, the coiling of coil radial direction is on interior core, line Circle surface scribbles resin or other insulation heat proof materials form inductance loop seclusion body and come retarder and coolant.Flange is located at main magnetic The nearly coil sides in pole or secondary magnetic pole bottom.Permanent magnet is that decile uniform intervals arrange arc-shaped permanent magnet, is embedded in magnetic pole and flange Centre, its combination can be pylon or frustum form, using interference fit.Permanent magnet upper surface is concordant with lug upper surface, Lower surface and major-minor magnetic pole lower surface are concordant or lower slightly.
The double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of radial direction multi-coil of the present invention are structure symmetrical above and below, are on the one hand used The structure of Combined iron core and radial coil, heat emission hole is left between adjacent two coil, increases the radiating of coil and iron core Area, strengthen heat exchange;Caused magnetic field and permanent magnet produce magnetic field superposition after another aspect coil electricity, on the one hand permanent magnet shields The leakage field between major-minor magnetic pole has been covered, on the other hand the magnetic flux by armature is provided, increase electromagnetic force;Flanged structure increases The adhesive area of iron core and armature, allow to pass through flange by a magnetic induction line part for armature, add armature along vertical side To magnetic strength number of lines, while also make armature entirety Magnetic Induction Density Distribution more uniform, be less prone to local saturation too early Phenomenon.Compared with traditional " E " type electromagnet, the double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of radial direction multi-coil will be traditional single more Circle coil carries out dispersed placement, reduces the inductance of coil, improves the rate of climb and the rate of decay of electric current in coil, accelerates The response speed of electromagnet.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet overall structure diagrams of radial direction multi-coil of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is nut structure diagram.
Fig. 3 (a) is the structural representation of secondary magnetic pole;Fig. 3 (b) is the structural representation of main pole.
Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) is that axially fan-shaped or waist through hole structure is provided with iron core, and Fig. 4 (a) is that iron core is provided with three Individual axially fan-shaped or waist through hole form, Fig. 4 (b) are that iron core is provided with two axially fan-shaped or waist through hole forms.
Fig. 5 is that permanent magnet is decile uniform intervals distribution arc-shaped magnet structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 (a) -6 (b) is two kinds of structure types of iron core major-minor magnetic pole, and Fig. 6 (a) is to be provided with ladder hole among main pole, Secondary magnetic pole both ends are provided with groove, and groove center is provided with through hole, and flange is in the nearly coil sides of secondary magnetic pole;Fig. 6 (b) is centered on main pole The cross cylinder of through hole is provided with, secondary magnetic pole center is provided with through hole, and flange is in the nearly coil sides in secondary magnetic pole bottom.
Fig. 7 (a)-Fig. 7 (b) is the structure type that Combined iron core coordinates with permanent magnet, and Fig. 7 (a) is flange and permanent magnet Frustum structure combining form, Fig. 7 (b) is flange and permanent magnet is conical structure combining form.
Fig. 8 is the structure type of Combined iron core one end fluting, and the plateau form that falls of through hole is provided with centered on main pole, secondary Magnetic pole is provided with the cylinder of through hole for centre, and flange is in the nearly coil sides in secondary magnetic pole bottom.
Fig. 9 (a) -9 (b) is that the double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of radial direction multi-coil with center cooling duct are whole Body structural representation, Fig. 9 (b) are cooling component close-up schematic view.
Figure 10 (a) -10 (b) is magnetic circuit circulation schematic diagram under electromagnet coil no power and "on" position, and Figure 10 (a) is Electromagnetism iron circuit schematic diagram during coil no power, electromagnetism iron circuit schematic diagram when Figure 10 (b) is coil electricity.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the present invention is described in more detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b), Fig. 5, the double permanent magnet combination formula high speeds of radial direction multi-coil of the invention The composition of the first embodiment of bidirectional electromagnet include shell body 7, Combined iron core 8, radial coil 4, back-moving spring 6, Coil rack 5, snap ring 11, embedded valve pocket 14, sealing resin 12, armature 3 and valve rod 13.Counter sink is provided with centered on shell body 7 31 cylinder, upper and lower side set fixed big nut 1;Fixed big nut 1 is that lower surface is provided with annular groove 29, and groove center is opened There is the cylindrical structure of through hole 30;Combined iron core 8 has two groups up and down, armature both sides is symmetrically distributed in, by main pole 17, secondary magnetic Pole 16 and permanent magnet 2 are formed, and the cylinder of ladder hole is provided with centered on its main pole 17, and top is provided with threaded aperture, Coordinate with counter sink 31, be fixedly connected by screw 15.Secondary magnetic pole 16 is that upper and lower ends are provided with groove 29, and groove center is provided with through hole 30 cylinder, groove are axially provided with two or three fan-shaped pylones 19, are evenly arranged in annular groove, adjacent two through hole 19 Between part form coil inner core 18, the radial direction coiling of coil 4 is on interior core 18, and coil surface scribbles resin or other insulation are resistance to Hot material forms inductance loop seclusion body and comes retarder and coolant.The radius R2 of the main pole 17 and central through hole radius R1 of secondary magnetic pole 16 It is equal.Permanent magnet 2 is embedded between flange 9 and secondary magnetic pole 16, and using interference fit, its upper surface is concordant with the upper surface of flange 9, Lower surface and the lower surface of iron core 9 are concordant or lower slightly;Its magnetizing direction magnetizes for radial radiation.Valve rod is consolidated with armature by snap ring 11 It is fixed, embedded valve pocket 14 of the valve rod 13 through the centre of main pole 17.After valve rod and armature are fixed by snap ring, with back-moving spring 6, secondary magnetic Pole 16, coil 4 and main pole 17 are sequentially placed into shell body 7, and permanent magnet 2 is embedded between flange 9 and secondary magnetic pole 16 from bottom to top, Lower part erection sequence is identical with upper part, and the upper and lower ends of shell body 7 set fixing nut 15.The double permanent magnet combinations of radial direction multi-coil Traditional single multiturn coil is carried out dispersed placement by formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet, is reduced the inductance of coil, is improved coil The rate of climb and the rate of decay of middle electric current, accelerate the response speed of electromagnet.
With reference to Fig. 6 (b), second of embodiment of radial direction multi-coil permanent magnetism king's type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention exists On the basis of the first embodiment, change the structure combining form of major-minor magnetic pole, main pole 17 is cross cylinder, and outside is big Cylinder is axially provided with through hole 19, is evenly arranged on big cylinder, coil inner core is formed between two grooves, coil winding is in inner core On;The cylinder of through hole is provided with centered on secondary magnetic pole 16, flange is in the nearly coil sides in its bottom.
In combination with Fig. 6 (b), 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b), radial direction multi-coil permanent magnetism king's type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention The third embodiment is changes the fit form of flange 9 and permanent magnet 2, and as shown in Fig. 6 (b), flange 9 is matched somebody with somebody with permanent magnet 2 Conjunction form is that cylinder ring coordinates and flange width L1 and permanent magnet width L2 are equal or bigger.As shown in Fig. 7 (a), 7 (b), flange 9 coordinate and the bottom width L1 of flange is more than permanent magnet bottom width L2 with the fit form of permanent magnet 2 for circular cone ring.
With reference to Fig. 8, the 4th kind of embodiment of radial direction multi-coil permanent magnetism king's type high-speed electro-magnet of the invention is to change Change the structure of iron core 8 on the basis of first three embodiment, concentric ring recesses will be opened among its upper and lower ends face and are changed into Only concentric ring recesses are being opened close to armature end.The boss structure that falls of ladder hole, secondary magnetic pole 16 are provided with centered on main pole 17 Centered on be provided with the cylindrical structure of through hole, flange 9 is located at the nearly coil sides in the bottom of secondary magnetic pole 16.
In combination with Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b), the 5th of radial direction multi-coil permanent magnetism king's type high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of the invention the Kind embodiment is on the basis of embodiment of above, and center cooling component 21 is set up at the center of iron core 8.Cooling component includes Valve rod 13, back-moving spring 6, guiding valve 23, damping displacement regulation ring 24, valve pocket 28, guiding valve 23 are provided with some damping holes 25 and Cloth is on same circumference, and guiding valve 23 is reset, and spring 6 is pre- to be pressed in damping displacement regulation ring 24, during damping displacement regulation ring 24 is The heart is provided with the boss structure of cylindrical hole.Valve pocket 28 is tightly placed on valve rod 13, and certain air gap is reserved with guiding valve 23;Armature is being moved through Cheng Zhong, the fuel oil compressed can flow through from cooling component 21, can effectively take away the heat of coil and iron core, and reduce Damping force suffered by armature motion, accelerate the response speed of electromagnet.
Figure 10 (a), 10 (b) show the operation principle of radial direction multi-coil permanent magnetism king's type high-speed electro-magnet, such as Figure 10 (a) institutes Show, when top and the bottom coil all no powers, armature 3 is placed in centre position by back-moving spring 6, due between iron core 8 and armature 3 Existing working gas gap is larger with respect to iron core magnetic resistance, and permanent magnet 2 produces arrives permanent magnet again by iron core main pole 17, secondary magnetic pole 16 2 and close magnetic flux Φ3, wherein sub-fraction is formed arrives permanent magnetism again by interior working gas gap 27, armature 3, outer working gas gap 26 The magnetic flux Φ that body 2 closes4.As shown in Figure 10 (b), when upper coil 4 is powered, and lower coil powers off, it is produced through main pole 17th, the magnetic flux Φ that interior working gas gap 27, armature 3, outer working gas gap 26 arrive secondary magnetic pole 16 and closed again1;Due to now permanent magnet 2 Caused magnetic induction line direction and iron-core magnetic induction are in opposite direction, and now permanent magnet 2 produces most of by interior working gas gap 27, rank The magnetic flux Φ that iron 3, outer working gas gap 26, main pole 17 return permanent magnet 2 and closed2;After coil electricity caused magnetic field and Permanent magnet produces magnetic field complex superposition, and on the one hand small permanent magnet shields the leakage field between major-minor magnetic pole, on the other hand provide logical The magnetic flux of armature is crossed, increases electromagnetic force;With the increase of driving current, when suction is more than resistance suffered by armature 3, armature is opened Begin to move to iron core direction, until reaching at maximum displacement.When armature reaches at maximum displacement, small driving current and small can be relied on The magnetic force holding armature attracting state of magnet, the eddy-current loss and caloric value for maintaining electric current and coil are reduced, is reduced simultaneously Energy expenditure.Flanged structure increases the adhesive area of iron core and armature simultaneously, and making can by a magnetic induction line part for armature By flange, also to make armature entirety Magnetic Induction Density Distribution more uniform, be less prone to the phenomenon of local saturation too early.And Compared with traditional " E " type electromagnet, the double permanent magnet combination formula high-speed bidirectional electromagnet of radial direction multi-coil are by traditional single multiturn line Circle carries out dispersed placement, reduces the inductance of coil, improves the rate of climb and the rate of decay of electric current in coil, accelerates electromagnetism The response speed of iron.Because electromagnet works in fuel oil environment always, the fuel oil between armature and iron core is squeezed, and is squeezed Fuel oil can also be discharged from cooling component, can also be discharged by the discharge orifice 10 of external hull surface, reduce armature surface hydraulic pressure Power, reduce damping force suffered by armature motion, improve electromagnet dynamic responding speed.When upper coil powers off, lower coil is powered When, armature is made armature sharp downward movement, realizes the bidirectional reciprocating motion of valve rod by downward electromagnetic attraction.
Listed above is only some embodiments of the present invention.It is clear that the invention is not restricted to above example, may be used also To there is many deformations.All changes that one of ordinary skill in the art directly can export or associate from present disclosure Shape, it is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet, including two electromagnet, armature and valve rod;It is characterized in that: The electromagnet is radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnet, including shell body, iron core and coil, and the iron core is by main pole and secondary magnetic Pole forms, and main pole is cylinder, and the cylinder of through hole is provided with centered on secondary magnetic pole, and main pole is located in the through hole of secondary magnetic pole, Shell body is enclosed on outside main pole, carries bulge loop in main pole or secondary magnetic pole, the bulge loop be axially provided with it is equally distributed fan-shaped or Waist through hole, coil inner core is formed between adjacent two fan-shaped pylone, coil is radially wrapped on coil inner core, the center of main pole It is provided with through hole;Two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets share an armature and a valve rod, and two radial direction multi-coils are electric at a high speed Magnet is symmetrically installed, and for armature between two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets, valve rod is through the logical of two main pole centers Kong Zhong, armature are fixed with valve rod.
2. radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:The radial direction is multi-thread Circle high-speed electro-magnet also includes permanent magnet, and permanent magnet is and the concentric cylinder ring of iron core, main pole or the stretching of secondary magnetic pole bottom are convex Edge, permanent magnet are embedded between flange and another magnetic pole, and the upper surface of permanent magnet is concordant with lug upper surface, lower surface and iron core Lower surface is concordant or lower slightly, and the magnetizing direction of permanent magnet magnetizes for radial radiation, and two radial direction multi-coil high-speed electro-magnets have One end of permanent magnet is relative.
3. radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:The permanent magnet is The fit form of circular arc permanent magnet and decile the uniform intervals distribution of decile, permanent magnet and flange coordinates for cylinder ring and flange is wide Degree is equal with permanent magnet width.
4. radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:The permanent magnet is The fit form of circular arc permanent magnet and decile the uniform intervals distribution of decile, permanent magnet and flange is the cooperation of circular cone ring and flange Bottom width is more than permanent magnet bottom width.
5. the radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 2-4 any one, it is characterized in that:Institute State bulge loop and flange is arranged on the inwall of secondary magnetic pole.
6. the radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 2-4 any one, it is characterized in that:Institute State bulge loop to be arranged on the outer wall of main pole, the flange is arranged on the inwall of secondary magnetic pole.
7. the radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that:It is main The through hole of magnetic pole is shoulder hole, and fluid power vibration damping cooling component is set in the shoulder hole, and fluid power vibration damping cooling component includes multiple Position spring, guiding valve, damping displacement regulation ring, guiding valve are provided with some damping holes and are distributed on same circumference, and damping displacement is adjusted The boss structure of cylindrical hole is provided with centered on section ring, one section of space is reserved between valve rod and guiding valve, guiding valve is adjusted positioned at damping displacement Save on ring.
8. radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 5, it is characterized in that:The through hole of main pole For shoulder hole, fluid power vibration damping cooling component is set in the shoulder hole, fluid power vibration damping cooling component includes back-moving spring, cunning Valve, damping displacement regulation ring, guiding valve are provided with some damping holes and are distributed on same circumference, centered on damping displacement regulation ring The boss structure of cylindrical hole is provided with, one section of space is reserved between valve rod and guiding valve, guiding valve is in damping displacement regulation ring.
9. radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:The through hole of main pole For shoulder hole, fluid power vibration damping cooling component is set in the shoulder hole, fluid power vibration damping cooling component includes back-moving spring, cunning Valve, damping displacement regulation ring, guiding valve are provided with some damping holes and are distributed on same circumference, centered on damping displacement regulation ring The boss structure of cylindrical hole is provided with, one section of space is reserved between valve rod and guiding valve, guiding valve is in damping displacement regulation ring.
CN201510907857.6A 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 Radial direction multi-coil combined high-speed bidirectional electromagnet Active CN105448457B (en)

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CN2731675Y (en) * 2004-09-07 2005-10-05 籍鹏杰 Permanent magnet actuating gear of low voltage switch
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