CN105445033B - A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics - Google Patents
A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445033B CN105445033B CN201511034353.4A CN201511034353A CN105445033B CN 105445033 B CN105445033 B CN 105445033B CN 201511034353 A CN201511034353 A CN 201511034353A CN 105445033 B CN105445033 B CN 105445033B
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- glass
- peep hole
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBERs of a kind of research spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics, burning body including being mounted on box house, the burning body is provided with the peep hole that four shapes are through-hole, the axis of the peep hole is in same level, angle between the axis of two of them peep hole is 180 °, and the angle between the axis of other two peep hole is 160 °；Optical observation window is installed, the optical observation window is made of terminal port flange, optical glass and glass gland on the peep hole；Latter systems are provided with right above the middle part of the burning body.Apparatus of the present invention can be used cooperatively with various modern optical gauge, and then achieve the purpose that can observe spraying macroscopic form is capable of measuring its microscopic characteristics again, and pass through setting synchronization signal, a branch of or spraying multi beam macro morphology figure and its microscopic information can be obtained simultaneously, to realize the broken atomization further research to fuel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine spraying characteristic research fields, in particular to a kind of for observing spraying macroscopic view
Form and the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for measuring spraying microscopic characteristics
Background technique
In field of internal combustion engine, fuel atomizing process directly affects burning and emission performance, so for alleviate the energy and
Environmental problem contributes.Therefore for internal combustion engine researcher, spray characteristics (jet crushing length, the spray of fuel are obtained
Spray angle, oil droplet size and speed etc.) and its with ambient parameters (pressure, temperature, environmental gas type and density etc.)
Relationship, and then fuel atomization reaction mechanism is established, it is final to provide basic data for engine Spray Simulation and optimization,
It is the main purpose for carrying out oil atomizing research.
In actual internal combustion engine, spraying experimental study is difficult to carry out, this is because the control to spray condition parameter
System and adjustment are difficult to accomplish exactly accurate, and are limited by existing measuring instrument, are carried out to spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics
Precise measurement is very difficult.Therefore one of common nanospray experiment research method is exactly constant volume combustion bomb method.
It is peep hole that shape is through-hole that existing part CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, which is generally arranged, or all around four
Form, axis is in same level and four peep holes being in vertical distribution.Such CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER can only be seen through form
Examine spraying macroscopic properties, and with the development of existing optical measuring technique, such CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER because structure limit without
It can cooperate well with advanced optical measuring apparatus, spraying microscopic characteristics can not be studied, and then can not achieve to spraying macro
Form research synchronous with microscopic characteristics is seen, this is obviously unable to reach requirement of experiment.And such CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER can only needle
Being sprayed for a few species fuel is studied, cannot achieve and the spray characteristics of a variety of class A fuel As are studied.Therefore, this
The serious research hindered to the broken atomization depth of fuel of limitation.
Summary of the invention
The invention solves be exactly existing constant volume combustion bomb physique structure not enough optimize, lead to not and advanced optics survey
Amount equipment is used cooperatively, and can not apply pluralities of fuel spraying system, thus can not effective spraying macro of synchro measure pluralities of fuel
The technical issues of seeing form and microscopic characteristics provides a kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics,
The device can with high-speed motion picture camera cooperate and with Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDA) and particle image velocimeter
(PIV) etc. various moderns optical gauge is used cooperatively, and then is reached and can be observed spraying macroscopic form to be capable of measuring its again micro-
It sees the purpose of characteristic, and by setting synchronization signal, a branch of or spraying multi beam macro morphology figure and its micro- can be obtained simultaneously
Information is seen, to realize the broken atomization further research to fuel.Furthermore it can be applicable in by replacing atomizer flange
In the spraying system structure of pluralities of fuel, the characteristic research and comparison to multiple types injected fuel spray are realized.Change simultaneously traditional light
The identical structure of sight glass size is learned, conducive to the observation data and measurement effect for improving experiment.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics, the firebomb including being mounted on box house
Body, filled with the asbestos for heat preservation between the cabinet and burning body, it is logical that the burning body, which is provided with four shapes,
The peep hole in hole, angle of the axis of the peep hole between same level, the axis of two of them peep hole are
180 °, the angle between the axis of other two peep hole is 160 °；Optical observation window is installed on the peep hole, it is described
Optical observation window is made of terminal port flange, optical glass and glass gland, and the terminal port flange is installed by hexagon socket head cap screw
In peep hole, optical glass is placed on terminal port flange, and glass gland passes through hexagon socket head cap screw and port after compressing optical glass
Flange is connected；Latter systems are provided with right above the middle part of the burning body, the latter systems are by atomizer method
Blue, atomizer and atomizer gland are constituted, and the connecting hole for installing atomizer is provided on atomizer flange.
The diameter of one of optical glass is 210mm, and the diameter of the other three optical glass is 180mm.
The atomizer flange is made of upper flange and lower flange.The atomizer gland passes through hexagon socket head cap screw and upper method
Orchid is connected.
The terminal port flange, glass gland and atomizer flange are stainless steel material.
The cabinet is made of upper box, lower box and case lid.It is symmetrical on the upper box and lower box to be provided with
The semicircular arc structure mutually agreed with the observation hole shape.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:
(1) burning body of the invention is provided with the peep hole that four shapes are through-hole, and the axis of peep hole is same
Horizontal plane, the angle between the axis of two of them peep hole are 180 °, and the angle between the axis of other two peep hole is
160 °, optical observation window is installed on peep hole；The topology layout for changing conventional view window in constant volume burning body is set
Meter, can be used cooperatively with the advanced optical gauge of various modern, breach in constant volume combustion bomb body with optics
The limitation of measuring technique.In this way, the macroscopic form of injected fuel spray can be observed and obtain spraying microscopic information, and
By setting synchronization signal, it can be achieved that the synchro measure to spraying macroscopic form and microscopic information, is conducive to be crushed fuel
It is atomized further research.
(2) present invention changes the structure size design of conventional view window in constant volume burning body, wherein three light
Under the premise of observation window size is identical, the size of another optical observation window is increased；In this way, constant volume can be improved
The observation of burning body and shooting effect, while the data collection rate of optical gauge can be improved, and then reality can be improved
The observation data and measurement effect tested.
(3) present invention is provided with latter systems right above the center of burning body, and latter systems are by atomizer method
Blue, atomizer and atomizer gland are constituted, and the connecting hole for installing atomizer is provided on atomizer flange.Allow to lead to
Replacement atomizer flange is crossed to using the atomizer of different types of structure.In this manner it is achieved that the injection of a variety of class A fuel As, into
And the spray characteristics of a variety of class A fuel As can be studied and be compared.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present invention burning body three dimensional structure diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of terminal port flange.
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-sectional view of terminal port flange.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of glass gland.
Fig. 6 is the seperated status architecture schematic diagram of atomizer flange.
Fig. 7 is the schematic cross-sectional view of lower flange in atomizer flange.
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of atomizer gland.
Fig. 9 is the three dimensional structure diagram of upper box.
Figure 10 is the three dimensional structure diagram of lower box.
Figure 11 is the three dimensional structure diagram of case lid.
Appended drawing reference: 1- optical observation window 2- optical observation window 3- optical observation window 4- optical observation window
5- terminal port flange 6- glass gland 7- lower flange 8- connecting hole 9- upper flange 10- bolt hole 11- atomizer gland 12-
Upper box 13- lower box 14- case lid
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics, the firebomb including being mounted on box house
Body, as shown in Figure 1, setting is there are four the peep hole that shape is through-hole on burning body, the axis of peep hole is in same level
Face, the angle between the axis of two of them peep hole are 180 °, and the angle between the axis of other two peep hole is 160 °；
As shown in Fig. 2, corresponding respectively on peep hole be provided with optical observation window 1,2,3,4, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, light
It learns watch window to be made of terminal port flange 5, optical glass and glass gland 6, terminal port flange 5 is installed on sight by hexagon socket head cap screw
Hole is examined, optical glass is placed on terminal port flange 5, and glass gland 6 passes through hexagon socket head cap screw and port method after compressing optical glass
Orchid 5 is connected；The diameter of peep hole where optical observation window 4 is greater than the diameter of other three peep holes, in the present embodiment
The diameter for being mounted on the optical glass on optical observation window 4 is 210mm, the optics being installed on optical observation window 1,2 and 3
The diameter of glass is 180mm, and optical glass selects the quartz glass of high-purity, the reason is that its with very high deformation temperature and
Softening temperature, low-down thermal expansion coefficient and thermal shock resistance have extremely wide spectral transmission ability from infrared ray to ultraviolet light
With lower dispersion phenomenon.
Through-hole is offered in the middle part of burning body, the surrounding of through-hole is provided with bolt hole, is additionally provided on the outside of bolt hole
The connecting hole being connected with case lid 14, the body that burns are connected with latter systems by bolt hole, and latter systems are by atomizer
Flange, atomizer and atomizer gland 11 are constituted, and the connecting hole 8 for installing atomizer is provided on atomizer flange；Such as figure
6, shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, atomizer flange is made of upper flange 9 and lower flange 7, offered on upper flange 9 for atomizer pressure
The bolt hole 10 that lid 11 is connected, after the atomizer of fuel injector protrudes into firebomb body inside by connecting hole 8, by atomizer pressure
Lid 11 is connected with bolt hole 10 by bolt and compresses fuel injector.
The present embodiment middle port flange 5, glass gland 6 and atomizer flange select stainless steel material, because of its intensity, tough
Degree is high, and thermal deformation is small, can reduce the thickness and volume of materials'use, to increase the installation space of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER.Together
When the stainless steel not influence vulnerable to the corrosiveness of the fuel such as gasoline, alcohol, derusting and the work of coating can also be saved, thus
Improve material machining accuracy.
The cabinet of apparatus of the present invention is divided into upper box 12, lower box 13 and case lid 14, as shown in Fig. 9,10,11, the cabinet
Be installed on the outside of burning body, on upper box 12 and lower box 13 it is symmetrical be provided with observation hole shape mutually agree with partly
Arc-shaped structure has also filled up asbestos between cabinet and burning body, has played the role of heat preservation.
It is several specific embodiments tested using the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER below:
Scheme one: for the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, can exist with its optical observation window 1 and 3 axis of optical observation window
Design feature on same straight line cooperates with high-speed motion picture camera, observes the macro morphology of injected fuel spray.Using shadowing method into
When row measurement, uses news lamp as background light source, place it in the corresponding orientation of optical observation window 1, and be adjusted to close
Suitable height and brightness, high-speed motion picture camera are placed in orientation corresponding to optical observation window 3, by adjusting camera rack position
And focal length guarantees can to shoot clearest spraying macroscopic view of each moment when fuel injection enters in the body that burns by calibration
Shape appearance figure.When starting measurement, by the way of synchronous, using delayed digital signal generator, in the origin of calibration injection signal
Afterwards, spraying pattern is shot every specific at the time of, until entire course of injection terminates.In this way, each moment can be shot
Clearest spraying macro morphology figure.
Scheme two: it for the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, can be pressed from both sides with its optical observation window 2 and 3 axis of optical observation window
The characteristics of angle is 90 ° cooperates with particle image velocimeter (PIV), observes the macro morphology of injected fuel spray and the speed of spray particle
Spend information.Before measurement, the Nd:YAG laser emitter of PIV system is placed in orientation corresponding to optical observation window 2, and
It is adjusted to proper height and intensity, CCD camera is placed in orientation corresponding to optical observation window 3, by adjusting camera
Rack position and focal length guaranteed by calibration when fuel injection enters in the body that burns, can sync pulse jamming to go out each moment clearest
Spraying macro morphology figure, and measure spraying speed characteristics.When measurement, the piece light that uses Nd:YAG laser to issue as
Light source is shot using CCD camera, and is stored in a computer.Due to before to PIV system and firebomb system unite into
Line position installs, and after fuel injection enters in the body that burns, the piece light of Nd:YAG laser shines just along spraying centerline direction
It is bright spraying, it is shot at this point, CCD camera is also exactly perpendicular to piece smooth surface.Since the frequency of laser and CCD camera is lower,
Using synchronous mode, using delayed digital signal generator, after the origin of calibration injection signal, clap every specific at the time of
Spraying pattern is taken the photograph, until entire course of injection terminates.In this way, clearest spraying macro morphology of each moment can be shot
Figure, and measure spraying speed characteristics.
Scheme three: for the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, the axis of its optical observation window 3 and optical observation window 4 can be used
The architectural characteristic that angle is 70 ° cooperates with Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDA), measures the microscopic information of injected fuel spray, wraps
Include the particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information of break up drops.Before measurement, placement burning body, by the optics on body that burns
Watch window 3 is corresponding with the transmitting probe position of PDA, controls PDA frame of axes, laser center is allowed to pass right through optical observation window
The axis of mouth 3, at this point, the receiving transducer of PDA is just corresponding with the burning optical observation window 4 of body, and the two center line
On same straight line, in this way, the function of PDA measurement spray particle microscopic characteristics can be realized.When measurement, laser is first opened
Device, and it is adjusted to suitable intensity, by computer software control PDA frame of axes, laser measurement center is moved into spray orifice position
Place, and it is demarcated as origin, laser measurement center is moved to the measurement point of experimental setup later.Due to having set combustion before
The position for burning body and PDA, therefore after fuel injection enters in the body that burns and opens PDA Survey Software, PDA be can be realized pair
The partial size and tachometric survey function of spray particle.When starting measurement, using synchronous mode, occurred using delayed digital signal
Device measures the spray particle of spray field measurement point every specific at the time of after the origin of calibration injection signal, until
The measurement points that experiment needs are got, injection is stopped.In this way, the spraying microscopic characteristics of moment can be measured, including
The particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information of spray particle.
Since the diameter of optical observation window 4 is greater compared with its excess-three window, it is used cooperatively with PDA
When, PDA receiving transducer can obtain the information of more spray fields, help to improve data collection rate, and then can improve experiment
Observation data and measurement effect.
Scheme four: for the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, can use the architectural characteristic of its four optical observation windows, while with
PDA and PIV cooperation, and by setting synchronization signal, the macro morphology figure and spray particle of injected fuel spray can be measured simultaneously
Particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information.Before measurement, first placement burning body, by the optical observation window 3 for the body that burns with
The transmitting probe position of PDA is corresponding, controls PDA frame of axes, laser center is allowed to pass right through the axis of optical observation window 3,
At this point, the receiving transducer of PDA is just corresponding with the burning optical observation window 4 of body, and the two center line is straight in same
On line, in this way, the function of PDA measurement spray particle microscopic characteristics can be realized.Then by the Nd:YAG Laser emission of PIV system
Device is placed in orientation corresponding to optical observation window 1, and is adjusted to proper height, and CCD camera is placed on optical observation
In orientation corresponding to window 2, guarantee to enter firebomb in fuel injection by calibration by adjusting camera rack position and focal length
Clearest spraying picture can be shot when in body.The working method of PDA and PIV has described in scheme two and scheme three
It crosses, which is not described herein again.It is same by the way of synchronous when measurement, using delayed digital signal generator, in calibration injection letter
Number origin after, so that PIV is shot spraying pattern every specific at the time of, make PDA to spraying field measurement every specific at the time of
The spray particle of point measures, until getting the measurement points that experiment needs, stops injection.In this way, can sync pulse jamming
Each beam is sprayed clearest macro morphology figure of each moment out, and measures the microscopic characteristics of corresponding spraying moment, including
The particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information of spray particle.
Scheme five: for the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, can use the architectural characteristic of its four optical observation windows, while with
PDA and high-speed motion picture camera cooperation, and by setting synchronization signal can measure the macro morphology figure of injected fuel spray and spraying simultaneously
The particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information of particle.Before measurement, burning body is first disposed as described in scheme three, then will be high-power
LED light is placed in orientation corresponding to optical observation window 1, and high-speed motion picture camera is placed on corresponding to optical observation window 2
In orientation, the height and brightness of LED light are adjusted, adjusts camera rack position and focal length, by calibration, guarantees to enter combustion in fuel injection
Burn body in when, can sync pulse jamming go out clearest spraying macro morphology figure of each moment.For another example described in scheme three, calibration measurement
PDA laser measurement center is simultaneously moved to measurement point by origin.It is same by the way of synchronous when starting measurement, believed using number
Number delay generator makes high-speed motion picture camera shoot spraying pattern every specific at the time of after the origin of calibration injection signal,
PDA is measured to the spray particle of spray field measurement point every specific at the time of, until getting the measurement that experiment needs
Points stop injection.In this way, can sync pulse jamming go out each beam and be sprayed clearest macro morphology figure of each moment, and measure
The microscopic characteristics of corresponding spraying moment, particle diameter distribution information and velocity profile information including spray particle.
The present invention is not limited to embodiments described above.Above the description of specific embodiment is intended to describe and say
Bright technical solution of the present invention, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, is not restrictive.This is not being departed from
In the case of invention objective and scope of the claimed protection, those skilled in the art may be used also under the inspiration of the present invention
The specific transformation of many forms is made, within these are all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER of a kind of research spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics, the firebomb including being mounted on box house
Body, which is characterized in that filled with the asbestos for heat preservation between the cabinet and burning body, the main cavity for the body that burns is one
A cylinder interior main body chamber, extends outwardly in the surrounding of cylindrical interior main body chamber and arranges four visual peep holes, the sight
Examining angle of the axis in hole between same level, the axis of two of them peep hole is 180 °, other two peep hole
Axis between angle be 160 °；Optical observation window is installed, the optical observation window is by port on the peep hole
Flange, optical glass and glass gland are constituted, and the terminal port flange is installed on peep hole, optical glass peace by hexagon socket head cap screw
It is placed on terminal port flange, the diameter of one of optical glass is 210mm, and the diameter of the other three optical glass is 180mm；Glass
Glass gland is connected by hexagon socket head cap screw with terminal port flange after compressing optical glass；It is set right above the middle part of the burning body
Latter systems are equipped with, the latter systems are made of atomizer flange, atomizer and atomizer gland, on atomizer flange
It is provided with the connecting hole for installing atomizer, the atomizer flange is made of upper flange and lower flange, the atomizer pressure
Lid is connected by hexagon socket head cap screw with the upper flange, and the terminal port flange, glass gland and atomizer flange are stainless
Steel material, the cabinet are made of upper box, lower box and case lid, on the upper box and lower box it is symmetrical be provided with
The semicircular arc structure that the observation hole shape mutually agrees with.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511034353.4A CN105445033B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201511034353.4A CN105445033B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105445033A CN105445033A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN105445033B true CN105445033B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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| CN201511034353.4A Expired - Fee Related CN105445033B (en) | 2015-12-31 | 2015-12-31 | A kind of CONSTANT VOLUME MODEL COMBUSTION CHAMBER for studying spray discharge pattern and its microscopic characteristics |
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| CN109270293A (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2019-01-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of PDA measurement window for compressor or other devices |
| CN109724807B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-12-18 | 江苏大学 | Experimental device for adjusting collision angle and collision distance of spray in constant-volume combustion bomb and installation method |
| CN110361185A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-22 | 楼蓝科技(苏州)有限公司 | A kind of optical measuring device for gas turbine fuel nozzle |
| CN111271202B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-12-28 | 浙江大学 | High-pressure spraying characteristic test system under high-temperature and high-back pressure |
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| CN101943097A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-01-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Atomizing test constant-volume elastomer |
| CN103267120A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-28 | 天津大学 | High temperature and high pressure sealing window used for constant volume combustion bomb |
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| CN103926196A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-16 | 平湖瓦爱乐发动机测试技术有限公司 | Spherical multifunctional constant volume bomb |
| CN104018971A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 天津大学 | Device and method for achieving spraying constant volume chamber low-temperature environment |
| CN205449505U (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-08-10 | 天津大学 | Research spraying form and constant volume burner of microcosmic characteristic thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04355357A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1992-12-09 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Constant volume combustion apparatus for combustion characteristic evaluation for liquid fuel oil |
| EP1368620B1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2008-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method, computer program and device for measuring the amount injected by an injection system |
| CN101943097A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-01-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Atomizing test constant-volume elastomer |
| CN103267120A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-28 | 天津大学 | High temperature and high pressure sealing window used for constant volume combustion bomb |
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| CN103698274A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-02 | 上海交通大学 | Multifunctional constant-volume bomb for testing spraying, burning and soot generation characteristics |
| CN103926196A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-16 | 平湖瓦爱乐发动机测试技术有限公司 | Spherical multifunctional constant volume bomb |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105445033A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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