CN105444307A - 一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器 - Google Patents

一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器 Download PDF

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CN105444307A
CN105444307A CN201510954030.0A CN201510954030A CN105444307A CN 105444307 A CN105444307 A CN 105444307A CN 201510954030 A CN201510954030 A CN 201510954030A CN 105444307 A CN105444307 A CN 105444307A
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condenser
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张洋
孙之炜
莫金汉
张寅平
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Tsinghua University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
    • F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
    • F24F8/15—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means
    • F24F8/167—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering by chemical means using catalytic reactions
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F24F2003/1446—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only by condensing

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器。属于空气除湿处理与和空气净化领域，该净化器包括：颗粒物过滤器，除湿段，活性炭吸附剂，节流阀，预热段，催化加热段，风机，压缩机，电动三通阀，温度传感器，PLC可编程控制器。在风机驱动下，室内空气从入口进入，经过粗效过滤器滤掉粒径较大的颗粒物，防止净化器内积尘，影响活性炭的吸附效率及蒸发器冷凝器的换热效率。空气经过除湿段进行降温除湿后，进入活性炭吸附装置去除空气中的大分子VOC，然后经过预热段进行预加热，最后经过催化加热段催化氧化甲醛，并从出口重新进入室内。本发明将热泵与除湿和VOC处理相结合，实现了空气除湿、VOC高效净化以及节能减排的目的。

Description

一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器
技术领域
本发明属于空气除湿处理与和空气净化领域，特别涉及可达到了对空气的有效除湿、VOC和甲醛的高效去除以及节能减排的增强型空气净化器结构设计。
背景技术
随着中国经济的发展，生活水平提高，人们对室内环境要求也越来越高。由于人一生中70％‐90％的时间都是在室内度过的，因此人们对营造一个温湿度适宜和室内空气质量良好的室内环境的需求日益迫切。然而随着中国快速的城镇化，我国室内空气品质的现状不容乐观，具体表现在：(1)室外大气空气质量明显下降，雾霾现象严重。人们常用的控制手段是密闭门窗，使用室内空气净化器。然而这势必造成室内材料物品释放出的甲醛、甲苯等污染物积聚。(2)在快速的城镇化中，室内装饰装修材料市场鱼龙混杂，大量的合成建材使用尿醛树脂等添加剂，使得建材在使用的过程中会散发大量的甲醛等有害VOC，严重危害人们身体健康。而且甲醛等VOC的散发周期长，譬如甲醛的散发周期可达三到十几年，此外甲醛等VOC的散发易受温湿度影响，有文献表明，温度上升15℃，建材中可散发甲醛浓度的提高可达200％‐300％，可见温度的升高对建材中可散发甲醛含量的提高十分明显。这给室内VOC的去除带来了很大的困难。因此需要发展能高效去除室内VOC的空气净化器。
根据调查，现有的空气净化器以及空气净化器类专利仍存在着一定的问题，具体体现如下：
(1)常采用的活性炭吸附净化方式在实际环境中对VOC的吸附效率不高，有效寿命短，并且未解决空气中水蒸气抑制活性炭等吸附材料去除VOC性能的难题；
(2)市场上空气净化器对甲醛的处理效果不佳，有些产品使用活性炭吸附甲醛这类小分子的可挥发性有机物，无论吸附速率还是净化寿命均不佳；
(3)市场上已有一些在室温条件下可分解甲醛的催化材料，但相较高温条件，室温催化甲醛需要使用昂贵的贵金属催化剂，成本高而且催化效率低，容易中毒，失去活性。而较高的温度可以增强催化材料的活性，延长催化材料寿命，而且还能降低催化材料对贵金属催化剂的依赖，使用较为便宜的催化材料，进而降低使用成本；
(4)我国大部分地区夏季高温高湿，室内除湿负荷大，以及室内甲醛散发大(受高温高湿影响)。而市场上大部分空气净化器功能单一，无法高效地满足用户室内除湿和空气净化双重需求；
因此，亟需开发一款兼顾除湿和空气净化的室内空气处理设备。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有室内空气净化装置功能单一，在高空气湿度环境中对大分子VOC吸附效果不好，对甲醛处理效率不高的难题，提出了一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器，本发明将热泵与除湿和VOC处理相结合，实现了空气除湿、VOC高效净化以及节能减排的目的。
本发明提出的一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器，其特征在于，该净化器包括：壳体，在壳体内用隔板分割为三部分，其中，中部为风道，上部为管路室，下部为管路室和设备箱，其中风道从进风口到出风口依次划分为除湿段、吸附段、预热段、催化加热段，安装在除湿段进风端的颗粒物过滤器，除湿段由安装在风道的热泵蒸发器构成，吸附段由活性炭吸附剂装置构成，预热段由热泵冷凝器的前端构成，催化加热段由冷凝器后端和涂覆在肋片表面的甲醛催化剂层构成，安装在催化加热段出风口端的风机，还包括设置在上管路室中连接蒸发器入口和冷凝器前端出口管道中的节流阀，连接冷凝器前端出口和冷凝器后端出口的管道；设置在下管路室中连接蒸发器出口与冷凝器前端入口和冷凝器后端入口的管道中的压缩机和电动三通阀，设置在冷凝器后端的温度传感器，与温度传感器和电动三通阀相连的PLC可编程控制器；其中，温度传感器的温度测点位于催化加热段冷凝器表面，通过PLC可编程控制器与电动三通阀相连，自动调节冷凝剂流量分配，实现对催化温度的控制。
本发明的技术方案特点如下：
1、使用风机驱动，使室内空气依次通过净化器入口、颗粒物过滤器、蒸发器、活性炭吸附段、冷凝器以及甲醛催化材料段、风机、净化器出口。
2、利用颗粒物过滤器预先去除空气中的颗粒物，保证净化器内的洁净，提高内部装置运行的稳定性，延长吸附材料以及净化器的使用寿命。
3、利用蒸发器对空气进行降温除湿处理，冷凝水进入蒸发器下方的凝水盘，由排水口排出。
4、降温除湿后的低温干燥空气经过活性炭吸附段，由于空气中水蒸气含量降低，而且温度降低有利于活性炭吸附段去除空气中的大分子VOC(譬如甲苯等)，提高了VOC去除效率。
5、经过活性炭的干冷空气先进入由冷凝器提供热量的第一加热段进行空气的预热，再通过有甲醛催化剂的第二加热段进行继续加热和甲醛催化氧化，提供了催化氧化甲醛所需要的高温，提高了催化效率。并且防止了空气流速过慢时催化剂表面温度过高和空气流速过快的情况下甲醛催化不充分的问题。
6、第一加热段和第二加热段热源均为热泵的冷凝器端，采用并联方式连接，设有三通阀调节量加热段的冷凝剂流量，第二加热段有温度测点，并配有电子控制器，根据催化材料所需要的最佳温度对流量进行智能分配，达到温度控制的目的，防止催化剂表面温度过高。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果为：
1、将除湿与空气VOC净化结合起来，实现了空气湿度和污染物的多重高效处理。
2、优化了空气处理流程，采用先除湿再除VOC的方式，减少了水蒸气的竞争性吸附，提高了活性炭的吸附效果以及甲醛催化材料的催化效率。
3、利用热泵的冷凝器加热甲醛催化材料，提高了甲醛的催化效率。
4、使用了可再生的甲醛催化材料，在加热状态下可以原地实现甲醛的吸附和催化再生，将甲醛催化氧化为CO2和H2O，实现了零污染的排放，延长了催化材料的使用寿命，使用成本低。
5、使用热泵将冷却除湿和加热催化结合起来，使处理前后的空气温度基本不变，节省了空气再热和催化剂加热的能量，实现了节能减排的目的。
6、设有两个加热段和流量调节三通阀，能够在一定范围内调节第二加热段催化剂表面的温度，以达到最佳催化温度控制的目的。
7、本装置特别适用于我国南方地区湿热、甲醛释放量大的室内环境。
附图说明
图1为基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本净化器进行说明。
本发明提出的一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器的结构如图1所示，包括：壳体，在壳体内用隔板分割为三部分，其中中部为风道，上部为管路室，下部为管路室和设备箱，其中风道从进风口到出风口依次划分为除湿段、吸附段、预热段、催化加热段，安装在除湿段进风端的颗粒物过滤器1，除湿段由安装在风道的热泵蒸发器2构成，吸附段由活性炭吸附剂装置3构成，预热段由热泵冷凝器5的前端构成，催化加热段由冷凝器后端和涂覆在肋片表面的甲醛催化剂层6构成，安装在催化加热段出风口端的风机7，还包括设置在上管路室中连接蒸发器入口和冷凝器前端出口管道中的节流阀4，连接冷凝器前端出口和冷凝器后端出口的管道；设置在下管路室中连接蒸发器出口与冷凝器前端入口和冷凝器后端入口的管道中的压缩机8和电动三通阀9，设置在冷凝器后端的温度传感器10，与温度传感器和电动三通阀9相连的PLC可编程控制器11。
其中，温度传感器10的温度测点位于催化加热段冷凝器表面，通过PLC可编程控制器与电动三通阀9相连，自动调节冷凝剂流量分配，实现对催化温度的控制。
本净化器的运行方法如下：在风机驱动下，室内空气从入口进入，经过粗效过滤器滤掉粒径较大的颗粒物，防止净化器内积尘，影响活性炭的吸附效率及蒸发器冷凝器的换热效率。空气经过除湿段进行降温除湿后，进入活性炭吸附装置去除空气中的大分子VOCs，然后经过预热段进行预加热，最后经过催化加热段催化氧化甲醛，并从出口重新进入室内。
本装置各部件的具体实现方式及功能分别说明如下：
1颗粒物过滤器：使用常规的粗效过滤器(欧洲标准EN779：1993下效率规格在G3-G4的低效平板过滤器即可)，过滤空气中粒径较大(5μm以上)的颗粒物，防止净化器内积尘，影响活性炭的吸附效率及蒸发器冷凝器的换热效率。
2除湿段：使用常规的热泵，热泵的蒸发器对空气进行降温除湿，冷凝水流入热泵的蒸发器下方的凝水盘，由排水口排出。
3活性炭吸附装置：采用破碎状合成材料颗粒活性炭填料，用于去除降温除湿后空气中的大分子VOC。
4节流阀：采用与常规外平衡式热力节流阀,用于对热泵内工质进行节流降温。
5预热段：采用常规热泵产品，其中冷凝器的前两排构成预热段，对干冷空气进行预热。
6催化加热段：冷凝器的后两排，并在冷凝器传热肋片表面涂覆有甲醛催化剂层(该催化剂由该领域的专业厂家定制，属于金属氧化物催化剂，能够在室温下催化甲醛，且催化效率随工作温度的升高而升高)，对经过预热的空气进行进一步加热，催化氧化空气中的甲醛。
7风机：采用轴流风机提供空气流动的动力。
8压缩机：采用常规压缩热泵，其内有循环的工质R22。
9电动三通阀：采用常规产品，由PLC控制，通过调节预热段和催化加热段工质的流量来控制催化加热段的催化温度。
10温度传感器：采用铂热电阻温度传感器，测头位于催化加热段冷凝器表面，测量该处温度，并将电信号输入PLC。
11PLC可编程控制器：采用常规产品，并且其内预先存储有常规技术编制的根据温度测点的输入温度以及预先设定的催化温度，控制电动三通阀的程序。

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1.一种基于热泵除湿的吸附催化增强型空气净化器，其特征在于，该净化器包括：壳体，在壳体内用隔板分割为三部分，其中中部为风道，上部为管路室，下部为管路室和设备箱，其中风道从进风口到出风口依次划分为除湿段、吸附段、预热段、催化加热段，安装在除湿段进风端的颗粒物过滤器，除湿段由安装在风道的热泵蒸发器构成，吸附段由活性炭吸附剂装置构成，预热段由热泵冷凝器的前端构成，催化加热段由冷凝器后端和涂覆在肋片表面的甲醛催化剂层构成，安装在催化加热段出风口端的风机，还包括设置在上管路室中连接蒸发器入口和冷凝器前端出口管道中的节流阀，连接冷凝器前端出口和冷凝器后端出口的管道；设置在下管路室中连接蒸发器出口与冷凝器前端入口和冷凝器后端入口的管道中的压缩机和电动三通阀，设置在冷凝器后端的温度传感器，与温度传感器和电动三通阀相连的PLC可编程控制器；其中，温度传感器的温度测点位于催化加热段冷凝器表面，通过PLC可编程控制器与电动三通阀相连。
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