CN105443302A - Method for generating electricity by means of low temperature exhaust heat of power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for generating electricity by means of low temperature exhaust heat of a power plant and relates to an unconventional electricity generating method. The problems of excessively large exhaust heat discharge and environment pollution caused by heat of a thermal power plant or a nuclear power plant are mainly solved, and the waste heat is converted to electric energy is achieved through exhaust heat electricity generation. Theoretically, the situation of nonreversible entropy production during energy cycle is solved, that is, the entropy production direction is changed, and negentropy is achieved. Water potential energy is increased through equipment with the upward flowing function; the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy through water fall, and a water turbine is driven to generate electricity; meanwhile, the upward-flowing equipment absorbs a large amount of heat, including low temperature heat, during upward flowing; rapid upward flowing of water can be achieved through a certain structure, and finally energy cycle is achieved. The electricity is generated in the process and supplied to people, a beneficial energy cycle of the nature can be achieved, that is, negentropy is achieved on the basis of thermodynamics entropy production, and the frequency of natural disasters on the earth can be reduced finally.

Description

A kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes carries out the method generated electricity

Technical field:

Relate to a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes and carry out the method generated electricity.

Background technique:

The maximum generation efficiency of current thermoelectricity plant only has 42%, and thermoelectricity plant is coal-fired has almost been discharged in air or surrounding environment more than the heat of 60% along with exhaust steam, and this situation not only causes the wasting of resources, and causes heat to environment and pollute.Thermodynamically, perfect gas is in a locking system, ideal heat engine efficiency meets (T2-T1)/T2 formula, wherein T2 is the kelvin temperature after heating, T1 is amount of heat exhaust temperature, because T2 can not infinitely increase (after increase in temperature, container pressure be can't stand), or T1 can not infinitely reduce (temperature lower than environment that can not find in environment does not do work just can discharge), under certain objective condition, calculate according to (T2-T1)/T2, efficiency of heat engine almost has a maximum value.When such as thermoelectricity plant's steam burns 1000K, environmental emission thermal temperature is about 310K, and theoretical efficiency of heat engine is 69%, but these data are efficiency of heat engine of perfect gas, in hot electrical power generation steam power generation process, the energy proportion shared by gasification latent heat is huge, then can not according to this formulae discovery.It is 418 joules that 1 gram of water has 0 ° of C to rise to 100 ° of C heats, the steam becoming synthermal same pressure needs heat energy 2200 joules, rise to 600 ° of C again and need about 2100 joules, this gasification latent heat becomes unsuccessful, therefore supposing in the successful situation of the whole transformation of heat energy (removing gasification latent heat) at 600 ° of C, the efficiency of heat engine of steam also only has an appointment 50%, even if arrived 1100 ° of C, it is 75% only that degassifying latent heat all changes successful theoretical efficiency of heat engine, efficiency of heat engine when calculating 1100 ° of C and 1373K by perfect gas efficiency of heat engine is again (1373-310)/1373=77.4%, this numerical value and 75% mutually multiplied 58%, and 1100 ° of C this be almost difficult to reach, in addition supposing the outer all Conversion of Energies of degassifying latent heat ideally, so, in reality, the efficiency of hot power station 35%-42% is more difficult raising.It is excessive that reason is wherein exactly the ratio that accounts for of gasification latent heat, therefore utilizes gasification latent heat to generate electricity to be the forms of electricity generation of heat generating at present to accomplish.

If the gasification latent heat that make use of water changes into other forms of energy, then can solve the utilization of this part heat energy.Such as by the gravitational potential energy of this part heat energy Cheng Shui, then problem can solve.Like this, problem has forwarded water to and whether has become gravitational potential energy by certain formal transformation.We analyze a kind of natural phenomenon of occurring in nature " water is to upper reaches " below, and this phenomenon exists can be extracted into eminence water, is transformed into gravitational potential energy.

At nature, due to the Action of Gravity Field of water, water is to D score trickling, and proverb " The natural flow of water always proceeds from a higher level to a lower one " is exactly the real picture of this natural phenomenon.But, the abnormal phenomena of one " water hoist stream " is also there is at nature, such as: 1) drip lotus in a humid environment blade can drip water droplet, these water droplets be by the moisture of the root absorption soil of plant and to " on " transport through stem's conduit to blade, partial blade is wherein had again to hang downwards, the blade lower end that water molecule is hanging is gathered into water droplet, water droplet is affected by gravity eventually to lower drippage, which forms moisture and first to be hoisted by soil the phenomenon of blade " stream " then downward drippage again.2) dripping phenomenon of dripping guanyin is as good as with lotus of dripping.3) trees, all there is Evaporation Phenomenon in the blade of all plants of nature, the plant evaporation capacity of diameter 20mm each second can more than 0.05 milliliter, the steam output of one day can reach 4.3 kilograms, and the moisture of evaporation is by root absorption, stem is dredged, and blade evaporation, therefore the transpiration of plant is also a kind of phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches ".For this phenomenon, people can explain: the conduit of plant and screen casing realize being caused by " capillarity " by the transport of root to blade, and exist in plant numerous " capillary tube ", this capillary tube has the effect of dredging moisture and nutrient.4) capillary of human or animal.It is believed that in human body artery or vein blood vessel, the power of blood transportation is from heartthrob, the contraction of heart and expansion are trickled to blood and are provided power, but in the tissue of human or animal, the blood trickling direction of capillary is left and right all directions up and down, in human or animal body, microcirculatory power is from the structure of capillary wall, namely the usually said permeation by blood arrives body parts histoorgan, and people are still called this phenomenon " capillarity " of capillary.5) spring.It is generally acknowledged that spring is underground water, have the warm water of underground after the massif rock permeability of ground and concentrate, slit trickling through massif goes out, distinguish with the dripping phenomenon of plant and be: the capillarity of plant only can realize " dripping ", the current that mountain spring is formed normally gurgle are gushed out, some mountain spring flows are even very large, and several cubes of water flows per minute are often on the books.6) soak stone.In potted plant art, the stone of common a kind of immersion, damp all the year round on stone, stone places mud, plant in cultivation, stone puts into water, as long as stone has water below, immersion stone just not lack of water, sums up " immersion stone " this phenomenon, also can be summed up as a kind of phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches ".

If " water is to upper reaches " causes due to " capillarity " in plant, so be appreciated that also there is some tubular tissue structure immersion stone inside? and then associate: whether allly meet the function that any material that capillarity requires all possesses " water is to upper reaches "? the function at " water is to upper reaches " can be realized only by " capillarity " if you think and then go to carry out testing, the perhaps success also perhaps failure of its result, because " capillarity " a kind of phenomenon that to be only " water is to upper reaches " adjoint, this adjoint " phenomenon " can not be explained the principle at " water is to upper reaches " as essence, or disclose the rule at " water is to upper reaches ".Previous people explain the phenomenon at this " water is to upper reaches " with " capillarity ", and unable to make out one's case in theory in this explanation, or perhaps a kind of defective theory.We just necessarily possess " capillarity " because can not think that pipeline is enough thin.On the contrary, its result just necessarily have the phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches " if supposition pipeline is enough thick? real answer is amazing in fact: answer is " no " three words.Originally " water is to upper reaches " substantial function was not determined by the thickness of pipeline, but pipeline and water exist a surface of contact, and being has the size of surface of contact and the shape of surface of contact jointly to determine.The area of contact of pipeline and water and the shape of pipeline determine the size of current, the direction moving towards decision current of pipeline.

In routine understanding, there is a mistake in understanding in us: is exactly that we only see the phenomenon of current because of Action of Gravity Field existence " water is to dirty " sometimes, do not see " water is to upper reaches ", why? because the water molecule upwards walked along tube wall is compared with the water molecule walked downwards, inappreciable in thicker pipeline, simultaneously because the evaporation of moisture, in thicker pipeline, moisture has upwards evaporated very soon, basic or be difficult to see " water is upwards walked ", therefore in thicker pipeline, the phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches " almost be can't see.But in plant, conduit is very thin, close to the fineness of hair, and bark has separated contacting of conduit and outside air, and moisture can not evaporate, in bark in this system almost closed, water is permeated by root, by the numerous capillary channel of stem, and through blade, evaporated by blade, thus the final function forming " water is to upper reaches ".Specifically a bit say, the reason forming " water is to upper reaches " is: capillary channels (conduit) numerous in plant and water molecule have larger area of contact, and greatly, top moisture is few to add bottom moisture in plant, because " infiltration " of water molecule acts on, realize the function at " water is to upper reaches ".And permeation can be explained with osmotic pressure.Osmotic pressure can be explained with mechanics, this phenomenon mechanics is explained and is exactly: because plant internal water molecule is subject to the double action of gravity and capillary wall van der Waals' force in capillary tube, for reaching the mechanical equilibrium of molecular level, under the effect of molecular force, moisture is just flowed to by " bottom " of plant on " top " of plant, realizes the function at " water is to upper reaches ".

So, does this structure that we imitate plant manufacture the function that a kind of equipment realizes " water is to upper reaches "? or imitate mountain spring and underground water be extracted into ground surface when not having conventional energy resource power consumption underground water? there is word being: anything goes.But science needs to forbid.We must make the essential reason at " water is to upper reaches " clear just by the function of some means realization " water is to upper reaches ".

Said above, the essential reason at " water is to upper reaches " is not only because pipeline is thick and thin, also has a reason to be exactly the area of contact of moisture and pipeline, and accurate saying is the ratio size of the moisture of unit mass and the area of contact of pipeline.As long as so whether any material and the area of contact of water just may realize greatly the function at " water is to upper reaches "? of course not.At nature, some material is hydrophilic, some is then hydrophobic or hydrophobic, for the existence of hydrophobic and hydrophobic substance, people are easy to expect utilizing the such as hydrophilic material of some specific material to make capillary channel to realize so-called " capillarity ", hydrophobic and material that is hydrophobic then can not realize " capillarity ", therefore can use similar hydrophilic substance, such as manufactures with polyvinyl alcohol " function " that fiber or capillary channel realize " water is to upper reaches ".

Utilize hydrophilic substance to realize " water is to upper reaches " as the material of capillary channel although function novel incomparable, but " easily expecting " can be thought, so, in the law circle of China, if kind of an invention can be thought by the device of manual method manufacture " water is to upper reaches ", also can think and easily expect and negate " creativeness " of this gizmo, whether really have " creativeness " will see auditor to this innovation and creation produce the understanding of meaning, or there is " creativeness " or do not possess creativeness, how judgement will see that the meaning of auditor to this equipment generation social effect and the generation in other words of the social agency of this equipment carries out the judgement of " tendentiousness ".

So, which benefit is the function realizing " water is to upper reaches " have to the mankind actually, and what realistic meaning does " water is to upper reaches " have actually in other words?

First this phenomenon 1): in the season that summer is more hot, we come into forest, why do there is there kind of a nice and cool sensation instantaneously? a lot of people can say that forest has the effect of regulating the climate, and reduces atmospheric temperature.So continuing to question closely one, why does forest have the effect of regulating the climate? what does is the mechanism that forest is regulated the climate?

Another kind of phenomenon 2 again): in summer and autumn in spring, we have a touch with the stem of plant with hand, such as stalk, ivy, luffa vine, hang melon seedling, have a kind of sensation of ice-cold or needle-holding hand that whiz whiz whiz is cool, responsive the elderly is even unable to bear this nice and cool stimulation.What does this phenomenon illustrate?

Above two kinds of natural phenomenons illustrate that the root, stem and leaf of plant is all absorb heat.Exactly because root, stem and leaf absorbs heat, large batch of plant (or forest) just has the effect of regulating the climate.

Can so why the root, stem and leaf of plant absorb heat? be appreciated that this problem, problem is as complicated a lot, and for this reason, we have a talk the first law of thermodynamics first, i.e. law of conservation of energy.

The basic meaning of law of conservation of energy is: energy can not produce without foundation and can not disappear without foundation, can only turn and move to another kind of state, transfer to another kind of object from a kind of object from a kind of state.Can only shift since energy can not disappear, so alternatively, energy is Infinite Cyclic at nature.The potential energy that " water hoist stream " achieves water increases the result of (water accumulates aloft or evaporates and the potential energy of water can be caused to increase) also necessarily energy circulation, does the potential energy that so " water hoist stream " increases come wherefrom? where does " energy " circulate actually in other words? top was analyzed, plant absorbs heat regulation weather from environment, plant absorbs from environment the potential energy increase that heat achieves again water while regulating the climate, potential energy increase can increase energy storage, and this energy storage is useful energy storage, this energy circulation causing moisture potential to increase looks it is that one significantly circulates.

Concrete analysis is come: plant absorbs heat from environment, this heat comes wherefrom? thermodynamically this part heat is also a part for interior energy, heat reality is also energy, origin of heat reality is also energy source, heat is a sorting item of energy, therefore describes below and often heat is called energy.Origin of heat in other words one of energy source is that solar radiation makes plant leaf blade evaporate, plant leaf segments is comparatively dry compared with limb, therefore realized " water is to upper reaches " by the permeation of limb to blade by moisture, water molecule is made to flow to blade by soil, a large amount of water molecules causes the potential energy of water to increase owing to highly increasing, liquid water molecules evaporates the active force overcome between water molecule simultaneously, distance increases, become vaporous water molecule, liquid water molecules becomes vaporous water molecule makes the potential energy of water increase, therefore can one of the potential energy source saying water molecule be solar radiation, origin of heat in other words energy source two be that tracheal tissue's structural molecule in plant roots and stem and water molecule interact, molecule skewed popularity is caused to move (upwards, or downwards, there is directivity, contrary with random thermal motion) thus absorb the radiations heat energy of gas molecule in air or the radiations heat energy of other objects and absorb the heat transfer heat of gas molecule in air, this part heat causes the potential energy of plant stem water molecule to increase.

Heat or energy circulation are originally natural, it is very normal thing, but at occurring in nature, the circulation of energy is again surreptitious, people so far all can not perfect definition what be " energy ", in whole world various countries encyclopedia, people are differentiated for energy or the definition for the source (energy) of energy, people are not also very comprehensive for the definition of energy definition and energy circulation and understanding, therefore say that current " energy circulation " still exists certain surreptitious property.Certain surreptitious property is there is just because of energy circulation; people all can not expose completely so far energy to store the institute contained meaningful and by perfect correct utilization; thus " energy crisis " this noun can be produced; also the frequent generation of terrestrial climate change and adjoint various natural disasteies can be produced, why does is this again actually?

This is because energy is conservation between universe, be also circulation, but spontaneous energy circulation is but unidirectional, i.e. so-called thermomechanics " entropy increasing " direction of explaining.Be appreciated that the particular content of energy circulation just it must be understood that thermodynamic (al) basic principle, comprise concept and " entropy increasing " direction of " entropy " that thermomechanics proposes.What is called unidirectional or " entropy increasing " direction? be appreciated that this " entropy increasing " direction also must see hot mechanics second and the 3rd law, because the change direction of the direction that law of conservation of energy does not represent heat trnasfer energy in other words, but the second law of thermodynamics and the 3rd law then clearly illustrate this direction of transfer or are called the direction of energy circulation.Such as: the second law of thermodynamics explicitly points out the object higher by temperature that heat can only be spontaneous and passes to the lower object of temperature, and the object transfer lower by temperature that can not be spontaneous is to the higher object of temperature, unless external force changes this direction of transfer to system acting.Do not do work, this direction of transfer can not be changed.In conjunction with the potential energy increase of " water " that this paper top is said, that is do not do work and the potential energy of water just can not be caused to increase.And the water said herein is exactly make the potential energy of water increase to upper reaches, this has run counter at all and has not done work in thermomechanics and the situation that potential energy is increased.The second law of thermodynamics contradiction that the genuine and people of this phenomenon describe usually? want this problem of profound understanding, must this historical concept of profound understanding: entropy.

What is entropy, how to understand " entropy ", understands this concept of entropy and can be divided into the understanding of " qualitative " and quantitative " understanding " two kinds of methods.

Qualitative sense can so be understood: have this book to cry " the game Holy Bible ", explaining in this this book: " entropy " is exactly chaos, is exactly unordered, just refers to that material is when microcosmic thermal motion state, a kind of mark of confusion degree.In microcosmos, " entropy " is measuring of a large amount of microscopic particle disorder parameter of composition system, if system is more unordered, more chaotic, entropy is larger.Entropy is the state of matter parameter of a reflection spontaneous process nonreversibility according to second law of thermodynamics extraction at first.The second law of thermodynamics is the rule summing up out according to a large amount of observation result, has following form of presentation: 1. heat always passes to cryogenic object from high temp objects, can not do contrary transmission and not cause other change; 2. merit all can be converted into heat, but any heat engine can not be fully, continuously merit (namely cannot manufacture perpetuum mobile of the second kind) accepted heat energy; 3., in isolated system, the actual process occurred always makes the entropy of whole system increase, and this i.e. principle of entropy increase.

The microscopic nature of thermodynamic process nonreversibility and statistical significance are exactly that system is from being tending towards unordered in order.Our this universe is the universe that entropy increases.What the second law of thermodynamics embodied is exactly this feature.Historically: " entropy " is the term that roentgen Clausius created in 1850, and he represents with it the uniformity coefficient that any one energy distributes in space.Energy distribution must be more even, and entropy is larger.If for that system that we consider, energy distributes completely equably, so, the entropy of this system just reaches maximum value.In the view of Clausius, in a system, if allow its organic growth, so, energy difference always tends to elimination.Only have when the energy density in that particular system that you use is uneven time, energy can be converted into merit, and at this moment, energy tends to flow to density lower ground side from the place that density is higher, until all reach even.Rely on this flowing of energy just, you could obtain merit from energy.In sum, in physics, " entropy " in fact refers to a kind of objective measurement of the relation between heat and acting, and mark converting heat is the degree of merit.The successful degree of the larger then thermal transition of the larger unordered degree of index of chaotic degree is less.

The quantitative method understanding entropy is exactly: entropy is exactly with the business of heat except temperature gained.Logical conventional sign S represents.In classical thermodynamics, available delta definition entropy is dS=(dQ/T), and in formula, T is the thermodynamic temperature of material; DQ is the heat adding material in entropy increasing process.Heat dQ reaches low temperature (T2) object by high temperature (T1) object, the entropy dS1=dQ/T1 of high temp objects, the entropy dS2=dQ/T2 of cryogenic object, two objects are seen altogether in a system, the change of entropy is dS=dS2-dS1 > 0, and namely entropy increases.Illustrate: for carbon dioxide: when the temperature of 1 gram of carbon dioxide is T1=1000 °, the air venting heat of temperature T2=300 ° is 700 joules towards periphery, then dS1=dQ/T1=700/1000=0.7, dS2=dQ/T2=700/300=2.333, the change of entropy is dS=dS2-dS1=2.333-0.7=1.633 > 0, is greater than zero and namely represents that the entropy of T2 object increases.In other words, at nature because temperature always passes to cryogenic object by high temp objects, thus the entropy of system is increase forever when autonomous state, and this can only spontaneous increase can not the thermodynamic process of spontaneous minimizing be exactly unidirectional, and this direction is exactly the direction that entropy increases.

The direction that entropy increases makes our mankind in the process consuming the energy, the heat produced constantly is discharged in extraneous physical environment, the heat being such as almost greater than 60% in heat generating becomes and does not become electric energy and the cogeneration of heat and power or be directly discharged in extraneous physical environment of having to, motor vehicle for another example, the mechanical efficiency of internal-combustion engine is only greater than 40%, the heat exceeding 50% for no reason discharges and is discharged in atmosphere environment, and the energy of internal-combustion engine acting finally also becomes heat, adds the temperature of air in huge heat dissipation to atmosphere environment.; someone says, the heat that the energy that the mankind consume produces is negligible relative to the sun gives the radiant heat energy of the earth, is not enough to the thermal change causing the earth; this saying seems certain reason, but unilateral reason is finally always proved to be mistake.Why so say? the heat of solar radiation is that the main source of earth heat is not false, often in the local of the earth instead of each corner evenly spreading over the earth time but the mankind consume energy release heat, such as city, densely-populated, Motor Vehicle highly dense, produce highly dense and cause manufacturing mechanism highly dense, the power of a people is exactly 60-100 watt, maximum a few hectowatt, the power of an automobile is 100-1000 times of people's power, manufacturing mechanism, factory building is all highly consume energy, like this urban compact region mankind consume heat that the energy discharges reached the sun earthward radiations heat energy 30%, some regional areas can exceed the heat of solar radiation, and the sun to the radiation total amount of heat of the earth almost year in and year out, almost do not reduce how many, and the speed that the mankind consume the energy also increases in continuation, people live in lithosphere, original temperature is metastable, spring, summer, autumn and winter, geological formations has all adapted to this natural trend, but the heat (direction that entropy increases) that the mankind consume energy generation creates thermal effect, thermal effect not only makes atmospheric layer warm, earth's crust temperature rises, melting, pollution of atmosphere aggravates, also because earth's crust temperature rises, some silicate material intensity of the earth's crust reduces, namely once the rising intensity of then earth's crust earth material of the earth's crust temperature of the earth reduces that (any material all exists the problem that intensity after heated reduces, when any solid material melts, intensity is no better than zero, earth's crust temperature raises and was once then proving that about 30 meters of thickness earth's crust became liquid from solid), earth's crust intensity be reduced in the impact of earth magma under more easily cause earthquake.This is also one of reason of taking place frequently of earthquake in recent years.Therefore.At nature, at the earth of human living, entropy increases the circulation of phenomenon to energy and creates huge negative effect, if " entropy increasing " phenomenon can not get changing, the then vicious circle change aggravation of mankind's terrestrial climate, natural disaster takes place frequently, and biotic population even can be caused as prehistoric glacial period several times to destroy also possible.Therefore entropy increasing phenomenon is huge from the current impact of ambient condition analysis on earth environment, and people are actual in " entropy subtracts " instead of " entropy increasing ", " negentropy " that " entropy subtracts " namely it has often been said.At nature, negentropy is also exist, it is exactly a kind of order phenomenon that such as plant exists as life, large quantities of plant exists or " water is to upper reaches " phenomenon is a kind of " negentropy ", i.e. " entropy subtracts " phenomenon, why? because plant constantly absorbs water, organic process in evaporation and water suction compound body, is exactly constantly make the potential energy of object increase, comprises 1) the height increase of moisture causes potential energy to increase.2) absorbing can not by the heat of human use in ambient atmosphere.3) synthesis of organic substance absorbs moisture.4) synthesis of organic substance absorbs energy or the heat of solar radiation.5) organic substance synthesized is corresponding with as the oxygen in the air of oxygenant as reducing agent, forms the corresponding potential energy of molecule (such as oppose between hydrogen and oxygen, can think to there is molecule opposition corresponding potential energy in other words conj.or perhaps therebetween).This function of plant is referred to as " negentropy ", and " water is to upper reaches " only changes the storage location of moisture, it is a physical process, the same entropy of result of this physical process reduces, result as the eminence that absorbs water does not make system transmit confusion but ordering more, and potential energy is stored and can better utilize.Therefore can say that " water is to upper reaches " function is indispensable in energy cyclic process, be beneficial to life on earth to there is maintenance human survival " positive energy " in other words conj.or perhaps.Briefly, the phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches " can be extracted into eminence water, the potential energy of water can be made to increase, while energy increases, the low taste absorbing surrounding or the heat produced due to " entropy increasing ", reduce the temperature of surrounding environment, strengthen the storage of energy at the earth, avoid terrestrial climate temperature to rise fast the earthquake caused, volcano eruption, the frequent generation of the natural disasteies such as storm wind sleet, therefore claimant thinks that the function at " water is to upper reaches " and natural plant have status of equal importance in natural energy circulation, there is outstanding meaning, it is the direction that the mankind make great efforts.

Since the function at " water is to upper reaches " has outstanding meaning, so we probe into the principle at " water is to upper reaches " again.Said that " water is to upper reaches " caused due to hydrophilic substance above, so we just probe into the principle of hydrophilic substance now.Proving through scientific worker's summary of experience for many years, all there are some hydrophilic groups in hydrophilic substance, such as-OH ,-CHO ,-COOH ,-NH2.Wherein 1) hydrophilic radical (group) of anionic surfactant has carboxylic acid group, sulfonic group and phosphate etc.2) hydrophilic radical (group) of cationic surfactant has amino, quaternary ammonium group etc.3) hydrophilic radical (group) of non-ionic surfactant agent is by the ether be made up of oxy radical and hydroxyl and carboxylate, block polyether etc.Sum up, " activity " of so-called hydrophilic group is made up of protium, oxygen element, nitrogen element, P elements, element sulphur, carbon, and they are also the organic basic elements of composition.And why hydrophilic be owing to forming hydrogen bond with water.So-called hydrogen bond is exactly: hydrogen atom is large with electronegativity, radius is little atom X(fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen etc.) be combined with covalent bond, if another kind of atom Y(and the X large with electronegativity identical also can) close, be medium between x and y with hydrogen, generate X-H ... a kind of special intermolecular or intramolecular interaction of Y shape formula, is called hydrogen bond.(X and Y can be one species atom, the hydrogen bond as between water molecule).N-H when the a-spiral of protein ... the hydrogen bond of O type is N-H in the double helix situation of DNA ... O, N-H ... the hydrogen bond of N-type, because such hydrogen bond is a lot, therefore these structures are stable.In typical hydrogen bond, X and Y is F, N and O atom that electronegativity is very strong.But C, S, Cl, P even Br and I atom also can form hydrogen bond in some cases, but bond energy is lower usually.The Average bond energy data of common hydrogen bond are: F-H ...: F(155kJ/mol or 40kcal/mol); O-H ...: N(29kJ/mol or 6.9kcal/mol); O-H ...: O(21kJ/mol or 5.0kcal/mol); N-H ...: N(13kJ/mol or 3.1kcal/mol); N-H ...: O(8kJ/mol or 1.9kcal/mol); HO-H ...: OH3(18kJ/mol or 4.3kcal/mol).Be hydrogen bond between our known water molecule, if will realize " water is upwards walked ", will ensure to form hydrogen bond between material and water molecule, and the bond energy of hydrogen bond close to or the bond energy that is more than or equal between water molecule.In microcosmos, although the irregular motion of water molecule is subject to the impact of Newtonian mechanics equally, water molecule produces micromotion under the effect of hydrogen bond, bond energy between water molecule should be greater than from the hydrogen bond energy of this reason material, but consider structure of molecule, the not necessarily single hydrogen bond formed between molecule and molecule, and be likely that two keys even may have triple bond or be good for more, therefore, when the material of not talkative formation " water is upwards walked " and water form hydrogen bond, its bond energy is necessarily greater than the bond energy between water molecule.Such as above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol, being commonly called as PVA molecular formula is [C2H4O] n, there is stronger moisture absorption, 80-90 Celsius is dissolved in water when spending, the element of its water suction can think oxygen element and protium, H in oxygen atom wherein and H2O interacts, and the oxygen atom effect in hydrogen atom wherein and H2O, forms multiple hydrogen bond in pairs.In utilization, its water-soluble, film-forming can be utilized to be attached on other carriers, also can to make particle or reel off raw silk from cocoons into fiber and then fiber be inserted in pipeline utilization of drawing water.Cellulosic molecule Shi Shi ﹝ C6H10O5 ﹞ n, its oxygen element and protium content higher equally, easily form hydrogen bond with water molecule, therefore cellulose is also the good material of absorption moisture.Its derivative can corrode by bacteriological protection as acetate fibre, can Long-Time Service.

More than can find out: the phenomenon at " water is to upper reaches " due to water wetted material material be form hydrogen bond with water to cause.Mostly the material forming hydrogen bond is organic substance.Organic substance needs process in practice, corrodes with bacteriological protection.Inorganic matter is corroded this situation with regard to not existing by bacterium.So except organic substance, whether inorganic matter also possesses and water effect, finally form the effect at " water is to upper reaches "? at nature, a lot of inorganic matter is had to be hydrophilic, its hydrophilic ability even exceedes above-described organic substance, such as numerous siccative, but these materials but can not realize the function at " water is to upper reaches " under normal temperature environment, why? be below conventional siccative: calcium sulfate (CaSO4), barium oxide (BaO), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), volume calcium chloride (CaCl2) is crossed in melting, magnesium perchlorate Mg (ClO4) 2, caustic potoash (melting) KOH, aluminium oxide Al 2O3, concentrated sulphuric scid H2SO4, silica gel SiO2, sodium hydroxide (melting) NaOH, calcium oxide CaO, inactive anhydrous copper sulfate CuSO4, magnesium sulfate MgSO4, sodium sulfate Na2SO4, potassium carbonate K2CO3 etc.

As can be seen from above siccative, the feature of siccative is containing oxygen element, P elements, element sulphur, chlorine element, these are can form the element of hydrogen bond with water just, therefore stronger attraction force is had to water, particularly simultaneously containing more than above-mentioned two kinds of hydrophilic element, such as sulfate ion is simultaneously containing oxygen element and element sulphur two kinds of elements, two kinds of elements are all hydrophilic, so sulfate ion has stronger moisture absorption, thus the water-free concentrated sulphuric scid has stronger moisture absorption even dehydration property, corresponding sulphate also has the ability of stronger Bound moisture.Other have stronger water absorbing capacity equally as phosphate, perhafnate, carbonite, silicate, nitrate etc., similar close, the structure of H2O is containing aerobic and hydrogen, protium in other compounds in oxygen element contact water, forms hydrogen bond, the oxygen element in other compounds in the adsorbed water such as metallic element, protium and semiconductor element, what formed is also hydrogen bond or similar hydrogen bond, its active force is comparatively large, and bond energy is comparatively strong, thus has strong moisture absorption function.

Can so above siccative use as the constouctional material at " water is to upper reaches "? for one thing, copper sulfate crystal is when just losing two water of crystallization more than when 45 ° of C, 4 molecular crystalline water are lost at 110 ° of C, in other words dry copper sulfate crystal and the binding ability of water very large, affinely with water at normal temperatures almost can not to separate, unless the uniform temperature of being heated to or vibrations are to a certain extent.Therefore, at normal temperatures, in conjunction with saturated copper sulfate crystal, no longer there is the ability absorbing more by force water with water, and only there is very general hydratability, so, use the siccative of Bound moisture not possess water suction advantage at normal temperatures, under the structure at " water is to upper reaches ", use " siccative " material not to be well suited for as material.

But, in geothermal resources, the such as depth of water less than 2500 meters, when water temperature reaches 80-110 ° of C, when can not use owing to melting destruction as organic PVA or fiber absorbent material, the water of BADIRE resource is wanted to be extracted on ground, what if? with regard to the siccative of handy copper sulfate and so on, the feature of these siccative is at a higher temperature, it absorbs water and loses the ability of water close to equal, also only have at a higher temperature, siccative just can accomplish the balance of water suction and dehydration, could realize the function at " water is to upper reaches " according to the size of osmotic pressure.Therefore except will considering its hydrophilic ability, the adaptability for temperature to also be considered for the selection of organic material or inorganic material.The serviceability temperature that different materials is corresponding different.The Environmental Conditions temperature of the siccative such as copper sulfate will close to their dry regeneration temperature.

The utilization of current geothermal resources mainly utilize hot spring and and underground heat steam, underground heating power resource is allowed to be extracted into ground or higher height needs power resources, and use siccative as absorbent material, geothermal water can be made to be extracted into ground endlessly, can be formed " artificial hot spring " that there is no power consumption.

After being provided with the function at " water is to upper reaches ", flow and the power at " water is to the upper reaches " of equipment will be considered.Consider from law of conservation of energy, water necessarily absorbs the heat of surrounding to upper reaches, heat is larger, and temperature is higher, and plant or equipment flow upwards can be larger, and power also can increase.And the discarded hot water near power station just in time meets this requirement.

Summary of the invention:

For overcoming the above problems, need to provide following methods:

A kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes carries out the method generated electricity, method is: by the equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function, the water (14) with residual heat of electric power plant is extracted into high-level reservoir (11), drop (12) is had between high-level reservoir (11) and surface water turbine generator (13), glassware for drinking water has potential energy, potential energy becomes kinetic energy to dirty, kinetic energy passes to hydraulic turbine generator (13) generating, the described equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function comprises immersed body (1), conduit enclosure support (2), pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), pipeline water-outlet body (4), described immersed body (1) refers to fixing, infiltrate the equipment absorbing moisture in water, described conduit enclosure support (2) connects immersed body (1) and pipeline water-outlet body (4), conduit enclosure support (2) is closed to prevent water from dividing and is evaporated in atmosphere, and conduit enclosure support (2) has certain mechanical strength and has supporting effect to self and pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), described " pipeline inner capillary tube road " (3) are that the water wetted material with supporting structure is formed, and described water wetted material refers to that the water wetted material particle packing that diameter is less than 200 microns forms, and mutually supports between particle and particle, or be made up of the shaping material of hydrophilic longitudinal construction, the shaping material of described hydrophilic longitudinal construction refer to have hydrophilic profile, length or be highly far longer than the shaping material with fixed profile of width or thickness or diameter, comprising: the fascicular texture of the column aggregated structure that longitudinal concentric circle pipeline configuration of tubular casing tubulose, sheet are close to longitudinal rectangular structure of sheet, column is close to column, lines or fiber longitudinal arrangement, described water wetted material refers to the organic substance that the protium that oxygen element or element sulphur or fluorine element or nitrogen element or P elements that in molecule, electronegativity is larger or above-mentioned two or more elements wherein and electronegativity are less or metallic element or semiconductor element form or inorganic salts compound, described pipeline water-outlet body (4) possesses water outlet (5), pipeline water-outlet body is positioned at the middle and upper part of conduit enclosure support (2) or top and is positioned at the below of top water horizontal line (6), equipment is by the effect of hydrophilic molecules, absorb power plants generating electricity waste heat, can water be taken out toward eminence from lower, realize the function at " water is to upper reaches ", increase the potential energy of water, the circulation of energy at earth interior can be realized while realizing generating, can, reduce heat dissipation, atmospheric temperature can be reduced, reduce molecular thermalmotion, slow down to dust, purify air, regulate the climate, and the frequent generation of the natural disasteies such as heavy rain, severe snow, volcano eruption, haze, earthquake can be reduced.

Described water wetted material refers to polyvinyl alcohol.

Described water wetted material refers to cellulose acetate.

Described water wetted material refers to polyacrylic based resin.

Described water wetted material refers to POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL system resin.

Described water wetted material refers to PEO system resin.

Described water wetted material refers to unorganic glass.

Described water wetted material refers to silica glass.

Described water wetted material refers to SiO 2 powder.

Described water wetted material refers to calcium sulfate (CaSO4).

Described water wetted material refers to magnesium sulfate MgSO4.

Described water wetted material refers to sodium sulfate Na2SO4.

Described water wetted material refers to copper sulfate CuSO4.

Described water wetted material refers to potassium carbonate K2CO3.

Described water wetted material refers to magnesium perchlorate Mg (ClO4) 2.

Described water wetted material refers to calcium chloride (CaCl2).

Described water wetted material refers to barium oxide (BaO).

Described water wetted material refers to aluminium oxide (Al2O3).

Described water wetted material refers to phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5).

Described water wetted material refers to calcium oxide (CaO).

Described water wetted material refers to silica gel SiO2.

Described water wetted material refers to caustic potoash (melting) KOH.

Described water wetted material is sodium hydroxide (melting) NaOH.

Described immersed body (1) periphery has enclosure net structure, and described enclosure net structure is one or more layers purse seine composition filter screen structure, and the structure of described multilayer purse seine is that peripheral aperture is large, and peripheral aperture is progressively decreased to the pore size of semipermeable membrane inwards.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is tubular structure, and body and the longitudinal ring set of body, form pipe-in-pipe integrated morphology.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is column structure, and cylinder and cylinder longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal column integrated morphology.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is plate-like structure, and flat body and flat body longitudinal arrangement form vertically flat shape integrated morphology.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is tile-type platy structure, and tile-type plate body and tile-type plate body longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal tile-type tabular integrated morphology.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is lamination coating structure, and fiber and fiber longitudinal arrangement form the integrated fascicular texture of long grain fiber.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is the mixing supporting structure of lamination coating and tubular body or cylinder composition, and fiber and tubular body or cylinder longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal combination fiber reinforcement.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is granular structure, and particle and particle packing support mutually, form any direction integrated morphology between particle.

The supporting structure of described water wetted material is particle and tubular structure combination, and particle packing is in longitudinal tubular body, and particle and body form Top-down design structure jointly.

Above equipment can absorb the heat of hot power station low-temperature heat source, and water is taken out toward eminence from lower, realizes the function at " water is to upper reaches ", increases the potential energy of water, realizes generating electricity again; Utilizing this kind of equipment can increase negentropy in theory, realize the reversible cycle of energy, is the opposite direction that second law of thermodynamics entropy increases direction; Realistic meaning reduces or removes greenhouse effect; Atmospheric temperature can be reduced, reduce molecular thermalmotion, slow down to dust, thus purify air, regulate the climate, and the frequent generation of the natural disasteies such as heavy rain, severe snow, volcano eruption, haze, earthquake can be reduced.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 is the electrification structure sketch of " water is to upper reaches " equipment, wherein 1 is immersed body, and 2 is conduit enclosure body, and 3 is pipeline inner capillary tube road, 4 is pipeline water-outlet body, 5 is water outlet, and 6 is top water horizontal line, and 11 is high-level reservoir, 12 is the drop between high-level reservoir and water turbine, 13 is water turbine, and 14 is the water of residual heat of electric power plant, and 15 is the supporting structure of high-level reservoir.Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of " water is to upper reaches " equipment.Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional of pipe box tubular structure, and wherein 2 is conduit enclosure body, and 3 is pipeline inner capillary tube road, and 7 is the gap between tube and tube.Fig. 5 is longitudinally polygon, and shape cylinder or the integrated schematic diagram of cylindrical body, wherein 8 is single cylinder.The cross-section that Fig. 6 is longitudinal polygonal cylinder or cylindrical body integrated system, 8 is single cylinder.Fig. 7 is the integrated schematic diagram of vertically flat, and wherein 9 is single flat board, and 10 is the integrated schematic diagram of multiple flat board.Fig. 8 is the single plate of tile.

Embodiment:

Illustrate using accompanying drawing 1 as examples of implementation:

Fig. 1 is the electrification structure sketch of " water is to upper reaches " equipment, wherein 1 is immersed body, and 2 is conduit enclosure body, and 3 is pipeline inner capillary tube road, 4 is pipeline water-outlet body, 5 is water outlet, and 6 is top water horizontal line, and 11 is high-level reservoir, 12 is the drop between high-level reservoir and water turbine, 13 is water turbine, and 14 is the water of residual heat of electric power plant, and 15 is the supporting structure of high-level reservoir.Immersed body (1) as the term suggests, be immersed in the part in water exactly, comprise conduit enclosure body (2) and be immersed in part in water and pipeline inner capillary tube road (3) and be immersed in part in water.

By the equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function, the water (14) with residual heat of electric power plant is extracted into high-level reservoir (11), drop (12) is had between high-level reservoir (11) and surface water turbine generator (13), glassware for drinking water has potential energy, potential energy becomes kinetic energy to dirty, kinetic energy passes to hydraulic turbine generator (13) generating, the described equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function comprises immersed body (1), conduit enclosure support (2), pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), pipeline water-outlet body (4), described immersed body (1) refers to fixing, infiltrate the equipment absorbing moisture in water, described conduit enclosure support (2) connects immersed body (1) and pipeline water-outlet body (4), conduit enclosure support (2) is closed to prevent water from dividing and is evaporated in atmosphere, and conduit enclosure support (2) has certain mechanical strength and has supporting effect to self and pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), described " pipeline inner capillary tube road " (3) are that the water wetted material with supporting structure is formed, and described water wetted material refers to that the water wetted material particle packing that diameter is less than 200 microns forms, and mutually supports between particle and particle, or be made up of the shaping material of hydrophilic longitudinal construction, the shaping material of described hydrophilic longitudinal construction refer to have hydrophilic profile, length or be highly far longer than the shaping material with fixed profile of width or thickness or diameter, comprising: the fascicular texture of the column aggregated structure that longitudinal concentric circle pipeline configuration of tubular casing tubulose, sheet are close to longitudinal rectangular structure of sheet, column is close to column, lines or fiber longitudinal arrangement, described water wetted material refers to the organic substance that the protium that oxygen element or element sulphur or fluorine element or nitrogen element or P elements that in molecule, electronegativity is larger or above-mentioned two or more elements wherein and electronegativity are less or metallic element or semiconductor element form or inorganic salts compound, described pipeline water-outlet body (4) possesses water outlet (5), pipeline water-outlet body is positioned at the middle and upper part of conduit enclosure support (2) or top and is positioned at the below of top water horizontal line (6), equipment is by the effect of hydrophilic molecules, absorb power plants generating electricity waste heat, can water be taken out toward eminence from lower, realize the function at " water is to upper reaches ", increase the potential energy of water, the circulation of energy at earth interior can be realized while realizing generating, can, reduce heat dissipation, atmospheric temperature can be reduced, reduce molecular thermalmotion, slow down to dust, purify air, regulate the climate, and the frequent generation of the natural disasteies such as heavy rain, severe snow, volcano eruption, haze, earthquake can be reduced.

Conduit enclosure body (2) more needs selve support or supports internal capillary pipeline (3), therefore conduit enclosure body must be the solid material with some strength, the material that such as metal, plastics, glass fibre reinforced plastics etc. are conventional, also can use the material had with water affinity.Conduit enclosure body (2) is the mounting system of water upwards streaming system, is the skeleton of water to upper reaches, in fig. 2 conduit enclosure body (2) is divided into 4 parts: bottom, middle and lower part, middle and upper part, top, and every part accounts for 25% of skeleton.Why be divided into 4 parts, be the needs describing pipeline water-outlet body (4) position on conduit enclosure body (2).Conveniently classification can be divided into upper, middle and lower three part, and a middle part can be larger.Can certainly be divided into upper, middle and lower, in upper, in lower five parts, but be here divided into " upper, in upper, under, under " four parts meet the needs described.Intermediate portion accounts for 50% and middle and upper part is divided and respectively accounted for 25% with lower middle portion, 25% of skeleton system is also occupied respectively in upper and lower, like this, pipeline water-outlet body (4) is positioned at middle and upper part or top and all meets routine, namely, can flow out from eminence to realize water, be not that water flows out from the highest point of shell system, but must lower than the extreme higher position of system, this extreme higher position has been labeled as top water horizontal line (6), in fact, similar plants or natural fountain, the place of current is highest point scarcely, the dripping phenomenon of lotus of such as dripping is blade drippage by hanging down, the spring of mountain spring also must be halfway up the hill or the subaerial position of half way up the mountain, owing to being affected by gravity, water does not flow out from highest point, therefore the position of pipeline water-outlet body is not just careless arrangement, but top water horizontal line (6) must be placed in below, generally be positioned at top, also middle and upper part can be positioned at, be positioned at the position what specifically determines actually, will according to the requirement of water flow, environmental conditions and economic situation are determined flexibly.

The structure in pipeline inner capillary tube road (3) is comparatively complicated.In general, water flow and pipeline inner capillary tube road (3) determine jointly with the area of contact of water and the performance of material, water is larger with the material area of composition capillary channel, in principle, the transport capacity of water is larger, the suction tension of material is stronger, transport capacity is larger, this " transport capacity " also refers to the penetrating power of water, osmotic force is larger, the transport capacity of water is stronger, and present patent application application is the equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function, this is just except considering the osmotic force of water, also to consider that the direction of current is not left-right and front-back but upwards, also to consider the absorption speed in pipeline inner capillary tube road (3) and the water separation capability under certain temperature and pressure condition, only has very fast water suction and constantly dehydration, the fast transportation of water could be realized.The water absorbing capacity of various material and dehydration conditions are different, such as, anhydrous cupric sulfate has very strong water absorbing capacity, a copper sulfate molecule can absorb 5 molecular crystalline water, but can not dewater under normal pressure at normal temperatures with the copper sulfate of water of crystallization, only could dewater at facility 45 ° of more than C, therefore at normal temperatures and pressures, with copper sulfate as water suction or dehydration material be unaccommodated.But, copper sulfate can be used under specific condition, such as in the development process of geothermal resources, such as in the hot spring being greater than 70 ° of C, if just improper with polyvinyl alcohol, because polyvinyl alcohol is just becoming liquid more than during 80 ° of C, liquid has mobility, if the pipeline inner capillary tube road water absorbent of polyvinyl alcohol as material is safe under the environment lower than 65 ° of C, under the environmental conditions that polyvinyl alcohol can only be used in lower than 65 ° of C in other words.Polyvinyl alcohol is available under low temperature or normal temperature, if but be used as underground artificial hot spring, as the words of water absorbent under ground piping, just see the temperature of underground water, if underground water temperature has exceeded 65 ° of C, such as 80 ° of-110 ° of C, copper sulfate then can be selected as water absorbent, in other words, all solid driers are all water absorbents, but with within specified temperatures, are convenient to dewater at ambient pressure, dewater under certain gravity or other pressure, the function at " water is to upper reaches " could be realized., also will see, because current are subject to Action of Gravity Field, water is not unlimited to upper reaches meanwhile, the height of current by material water absorbing capacity and gravity effect, in plant, due to the transpiration of plant leaf blade, blade is comparatively dry, and water absorbing capacity is strong, just can constantly absorb water from limb, lotus of dripping also is that blade droops downwards, water is subject to that Action of Gravity Field just constantly drips, therefore water is upwards walked is with good conditionsi, this condition be exactly absorbent material self to have support self and carry the ability of moisture, be exactly that absorbent material necessarily has certain intensity, such as the concentrated sulphuric scid has very strong water absorbing capacity, but itself be liquid, liquid does not possess the supporting effect of solid, and liquid has mobility, the liquid of flowing can not as supporting self and the effect supporting moisture, therefore liquid can not be used as absorbent material, although it may have very strong water absorbing capacity.So-called bearing capacity be exactly absorbent material this be solid in operation interval (such as polyvinyl alcohol is under 65 °), there is some strength, this intensity can support self and carry moisture, under this intensity index, have larger area of contact with water.Absorbent material is very huge, but is not that any one absorbent material can nonoptionally use.What absorbent material can be selected has: 1) nonionic system, as hydroxy kind, acid amides base class etc.; 2) multiple hydrophilic group system: hydroxy-carboxylic acid's class, hydroxy-carboxylic acid's base-acid amides base class, sulfonic group-carboxylic acid base class etc.Most of super absorbent resin by molecular chain containing strongly hydrophilic group (as carboxyl, sulfonic group, phthalein amido, hydroxyl etc.) tridimensional network form.But expanding after a lot of absorbent material water suction, to pipeline build-up of pressure, is not therefore that the stronger more applicable water that does of water absorbing capacity uses to the water wetted material at upper reaches yet.The water wetted material of " water is to upper reaches " equipment must have following technical order: 1) water suction and hydrophilic ability.2) water suction and dehydration meet the temperature and pressure condition of environment.3) absorbent material will possess certain intensity.4) absorbent material and water have larger area of contact.5) caliber at " water is to the upper reaches " of material composition will be upwards.6) water outlet caliber is wanted downwards.Pipeline inner capillary tube road (3) is the pith of " water is to upper reaches " system, its structure can simple and flexible, also can be complicated and changeable, such as the Particle size requirements in pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), so-called capillary channel, be exactly very thin, the thickness of hair about 0.1 millimeter, the capillary channel of plant is almost also all below 0.2 millimeter i.e. 200 microns, do so whether, we necessarily require that the particle diameter of capillary channel is less than 200 microns? get this problem clear, have a look water droplet first, if you observe the drippage of a water, just very interesting, when the water droplet of water pipe falls, water droplet increases gradually, water droplet increases to a certain degree (diameter is about greater than 3 millimeters) just can gravitate or shock effect around and drip, this illustrates has very strong interaction force between water molecule and water molecule, this active force is exactly the hydrogen bond formed between water molecule, namely, water molecule and water molecule attract each other, its attraction force is almost maximum in a liquid, this can find out from the very large phenomenon of the gasification latent heat of water.In fact the permeation of water is exactly that interaction between molecule causes.So-called osmotic force is also the interaction between water molecule and solute molecule, macroscopically just be presented as so-called osmotic force or phenomenon of osmosis, therefore, research water also will consider this interaction force of water molecule itself to the function at upper reaches, namely our object is exactly the flowing in order to realize water, and this active force between water molecule just in time meets this object that we realize " water is to upper reaches ".Although plant capillary pipeline particle diameter is less than 200 microns, but in our requirements for pipes, according to the water absorbing capacity of material and the difference of enabling capabilities, pipeline particle diameter be greater than 200 microns be less than the situation of 1000 microns under, can not realize the function at " water is to upper reaches ".Particle diameter wants how many just suitable actually, except considering ambient temperature pressure condition, height from water to upper reaches, seasonal variations, also will do actual test data.In this application, concrete particle size range restriction can not be provided.But can determine that the water wetted material that pipeline particle diameter is less than the applicable temperature of 200 microns must have stronger water permeation ability, the function of water to upper reaches can be realized.Also to see simultaneously, in actual production, due to error effect, even seem more smooth its rat of plane also about 20 microns, therefore can make and there is error laminar body or column structure, as long as determine in the column structure of the slab construction of Fig. 7 and Fig. 6 that the support thickness of flat board or cylinder is just passable, in other words, when the flat board of Fig. 7 is as far as possible enough thin, when being thinned to enough supports self, arrange although plank is almost close to by plank, the pipeline between plank and plank due to machining error can self-assembling formation.But, in order to ensure the perfection of system, also should make trickle Baltimore groove on plank, guarantee the smooth and easy of " capillary channel ", and the speed of conveying water can be improved, the carrying capacity namely in the unit time.In like manner, Fig. 6 column structure makes longitudinal concave groove, to guarantee having enough carrying capacities in damaged surface too.The rest may be inferred, is no matter the tile of planar, bar shape or Fig. 8, or other structures, all has Baltimore groove, nature, the Baltimore groove degree of depth tens microns or a hundreds of micron.

The supporting structure of water wetted material also has following structure in addition: 1) tubular structure, and body and the longitudinal ring set of body, form pipe-in-pipe integrated morphology, pipe can have Baltimore groove.2) column structure, cylinder and cylinder longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal column integrated morphology.3) plate-like structure, flat body and flat body longitudinal arrangement form vertically flat shape integrated morphology.4) tile-type platy structure, tile-type plate body and tile-type plate body longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal tile-type tabular integrated morphology.5) lamination coating structure, fiber and fiber longitudinal arrangement form long grain fiber integrated morphology.6) the mixing supporting structure of lamination coating and tubular body or cylinder composition, fiber and tubular body or cylinder longitudinal arrangement form longitudinal combination fiber reinforcement.7) granular structure, particle and particle packing support mutually, form any direction integrated morphology between particle.8) particle and tubular structure combination, particle packing is in longitudinal tubular body, and particle and body form Top-down design structure jointly.

High-level reservoir (11) is only a schematic diagram, and in Realism Design, set its size as required, high-level reservoir (11) is little, and high-level reservoir supporting structure (15) just can be simpler, or be combined as a whole with conduit enclosure body.Therefore high-level reservoir supporting structure (15) is exist in theory, but changeful in actual design, can disappear from outlook.Drop (12) represents a kind of state, and period can add drain water piping.Hydraulic turbine generator (13) watt level is customized as required.The water (14) of residual heat of electric power plant represents the position of water in " water is to upper reaches " equipment, between immersed body (1) or on.

The equipment that Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represents " water is to upper reaches ", although represented by this equipment has in FIG, for the sake of clarity represent with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 separately.The difference of same area and Fig. 1 is only the differences in shape of structural parts, and the position of such as pipeline water-outlet body (4) and shape, the structure that its basic structure and Fig. 1 represent is as broad as long.

Other accompanying drawings illustrate: Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional of pipe box tubular structure, and wherein 2 is conduit enclosure body, and 3 is pipeline inner capillary tube road, and 7 is the gap between tube and tube.Fig. 5 is longitudinal polygonal cylinder or the integrated schematic diagram of cylindrical body, and wherein 8 is single cylinder.The cross-section that Fig. 6 is longitudinal polygonal cylinder or cylindrical body integrated system, 8 is single cylinder.Fig. 7 is the integrated schematic diagram of vertically flat, and wherein 9 is single flat board, and 10 is the integrated schematic diagram of multiple flat board.Fig. 8 is the single plate of tile, and single plate body can enumerate composition pipe tunnel inner capillary tube road (3) equally.

Multi-level pipeline: because the length of plate body or cylinder in the ordinary course of things can not be equal with the length of conduit enclosure body (2), therefore multi-level pipeline can be formed when making cylindricality or template material, if be connected the bad conveying capacity that can affect water between layers, therefore the two ends of template or cylindrical material need certain Placement, and the Placement up and down of these templates or cylindrical material can be: wedged interface, axe type interface, conical interface, spirality interface.

In higher drain water piping, if the pipeline of setting does not possess upwards enough hydrophobic height, also the multi-level pipeline of ladder-type can be set, the meaning is exactly that first layer water delivers to certain altitude to the equipment at upper reaches water number, 2 grades of drain water pipings are had to hoist conveying again, by that analogy, multi-level drain water piping is formed.

Claims (10)

1. one kind utilizes power plant's low temperature exhaust heat to carry out the method generated electricity, method is: by the equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function, the water (14) with residual heat of electric power plant is extracted into high-level reservoir (11), drop (12) is had between high-level reservoir (11) and surface water turbine generator (13), glassware for drinking water has potential energy, potential energy becomes kinetic energy to dirty, kinetic energy passes to hydraulic turbine generator (13) generating, the described equipment with " water is to upper reaches " function comprises immersed body (1), conduit enclosure support (2), pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), pipeline water-outlet body (4), described immersed body (1) refers to fixing, infiltrate the equipment absorbing moisture in water, described conduit enclosure support (2) connects immersed body (1) and pipeline water-outlet body (4), conduit enclosure support (2) is closed to prevent water from dividing and is evaporated in atmosphere, and conduit enclosure support (2) has certain mechanical strength and has supporting effect to self and pipeline inner capillary tube road (3), described " pipeline inner capillary tube road " (3) are that the water wetted material with supporting structure is formed, and described water wetted material refers to that the water wetted material particle packing that diameter is less than 200 microns forms, and mutually supports between particle and particle, or be made up of the shaping material of hydrophilic longitudinal construction, the shaping material of described hydrophilic longitudinal construction refer to have hydrophilic profile, length or be highly far longer than the shaping material with fixed profile of width or thickness or diameter, comprising: the fascicular texture of the column aggregated structure that longitudinal concentric circle pipeline configuration of tubular casing tubulose, sheet are close to longitudinal rectangular structure of sheet, column is close to column, lines or fiber longitudinal arrangement, described water wetted material refers to the organic substance that the protium that oxygen element or element sulphur or fluorine element or nitrogen element or P elements that in molecule, electronegativity is larger or above-mentioned two or more elements wherein and electronegativity are less or metallic element or semiconductor element form or inorganic salts compound, described pipeline water-outlet body (4) possesses water outlet (5), pipeline water-outlet body is positioned at the middle and upper part of conduit enclosure support (2) or top and is positioned at the below of top water horizontal line (6), equipment is by the effect of hydrophilic molecules, absorb power plants generating electricity waste heat, can water be taken out toward eminence from lower, realize the function at " water is to upper reaches ", increase the potential energy of water, the circulation of energy at earth interior can be realized while realizing generating, can, reduce heat dissipation, atmospheric temperature can be reduced, reduce molecular thermalmotion, slow down to dust, purify air, regulate the climate, and the frequent generation of the natural disasteies such as heavy rain, severe snow, volcano eruption, haze, earthquake can be reduced.

2. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to polyvinyl alcohol.

3. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to cellulose acetate.

4. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to polyacrylic based resin.

5. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL system resin.

6. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to PEO system resin.

7. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to unorganic glass.

8. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to silica glass.

9. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to SiO 2 powder.

10. a kind of power plant's low temperature exhaust heat that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method generated electricity, and it is characterized in that: described water wetted material refers to calcium sulfate.