CN105443208B - 液冷式还原剂给料单元 - Google Patents

液冷式还原剂给料单元 Download PDF

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CN105443208B
CN105443208B CN201510596883.1A CN201510596883A CN105443208B CN 105443208 B CN105443208 B CN 105443208B CN 201510596883 A CN201510596883 A CN 201510596883A CN 105443208 B CN105443208 B CN 105443208B
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coolant
valve
exhaust gas
gas fluid
diesel exhaust
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CN105443208A (zh
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R.W.麦克法兰
K.A.肖
M.J.霍尔恩比
J.A.小怀恩
J.L.哈特菲尔德
C.考尔金斯
S.C.布戈斯
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Vitesco Technologies USA LLC
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TEMIC AUTOMOTIVE NA Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F01N3/043—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
    • F01N3/046—Exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

本发明涉及一种液冷式还原剂给料单元，包括柴油机排气流体（DEF）喷射阀。所述阀包括在其中形成细长腔体的壳体。阀被设置为接收DEF并驱使DEF穿过腔体以离开腔体，并且DEF接着被引导并施加至车辆发动机的排气流。冷却套选择性地被冷却剂填充并且具有外侧和内侧。所述套的内侧面向一定长度的阀体并且由空气间隙与所述一定长度的阀体分离。

Description

液冷式还原剂给料单元
技术领域
本申请总体上涉及排气系统，更具体地，涉及排气系统的冷却。
背景技术
在欧洲和北美严格的排放标准要求汽车制造商减少由车辆产生的排放。多种技术已被开发来减少这些排放。
例如，一些柴油发动机显示出高水平的氮氧化物（NOx）排放。选择性催化还原（SCR）方法已被用于将氮氧化物转化为氮气N2和水H2O。
在SCR方法中，还原剂传输单元（RDU）被用于将柴油机排气流体（DEF）还原剂喷射入发动机的排气流中。例如，尿素由RDU添加到排气流并且形成各种例如二氧化碳和水的副产物。氨是理想的双产物并且和催化剂一起将氮氧化物（NOx）转化为无害的水和氮气。
RDU具有DEF喷射器，该喷射器在一些情况下由液套液冷。热浸泡条件发生在车辆正在行驶但接着被关闭并且没有液体冷却剂流经所述套时。在热浸泡条件期间，排气系统的热被传导入RDU中。在车辆以高负荷运行接着被关闭的情形中，该热浸泡可以使冷却剂沸腾，在RDU内产生无限制温度以及随后喷射器内DEF的超温。当DEF是超温的时，它形成不利地影响DEF喷射器性能的硬质不溶副产物。
与冷却剂相比，DEF也在更高的温度冻结。在这种情形中，当套与阀的主体之间存在密切接触时，并且在冷却剂的温度低于DEF的凝固点的情形中，温热的尿素可能在其穿过DEF喷射器的期间被冻结。
在这些问题即使已被解决的情况下，上述问题采用之前的方法并未被适当地解决。因此，产生了一些用户的不满。
附图说明
为了本公开更全面的理解，应参考下文的具体描述和附图，其中：
图1包括根据本发明的各种实施例的安装于排气管上的液冷式SCR RDU的结构图；
图2包括根据本发明的各种实施例的液冷式RDU的等距图；
图3包括根据本发明的各种实施例的冷却套/DEF喷射器界面的近视图，示出了冷却套内部和DEF喷射器阀体之间的空气间隙；
图4包括根据本发明的各种实施例的液冷式SCR RDU的结构图和装置中出现的热传递特性。
本领域技术人员将理解图中的元件为了简单和清楚而被示出。还可以理解某些的动作和/或步骤可以以特定的发生顺序被描述或描绘，但是本领域技术人员将理解关于次序这样的独特性不是实际上必需的。也可以理解本文使用的术语和表达具有与这样的术语和表达关于其相应的各自的调查和研究领域一致的通常意义，除了特定意义已在本文中另外被阐明的情形。
具体实施方式
本方法通过将DEF喷射器与冷却套隔离，提高了液冷式RDU喷射器抵抗沸腾和冻结柴油机排气燃料（DEF）的能力。本方法使用喷射器和冷却套之间的非密切接触（例如由空气间隙所提供的）来允许喷射器在温度偏移时保持与冷却套隔离。
在一示例中，在热浸泡条件期间，喷射器中的DEF不是过热的。在其它情形中，当温度冷的足够引起冷却剂温度在冷却套内的DEF的凝固点之下时，非密切接触防止当DEF穿过DEF阀时DEF冻结。
在这些实施例中的许多实施例中，液冷式还原单元包括柴油机排气流体（DEF）喷射阀。该阀包括在其中形成细长腔体的壳体。该阀被设置为接收DEF并驱使DEF穿过腔体以离开腔体并且DEF接着被引导和施加至车辆发动机的排气流。
冷却套选择性地被冷却剂填充，并且具有外侧和内侧。套的内侧面向一定长度的阀体并且由空气间隙与所述一定长度的阀体分离。
在一些方面，冷却剂入口将冷却剂传输至冷却套。冷却剂出口可以被用于允许冷却剂离开冷却套。
在其它例子中，DEF入口向DEF阀中提供DEF。该DEF可以是还原剂。
在一些其它例子中，空气间隙有效地防止冷却剂在热浸泡条件下沸腾。在其它方面，空气间隙有效地防止穿过阀体的DEF的冻结。
在这些实施例的其它实施例中，车辆中的排放系统包括产生排气流的发动机。液冷式还原单元（RDU）被提供并且该单元包括柴油机排气流体（DEF）喷射阀。所述阀具有在其中形成细长腔体的阀壳体，并且该阀被设置为接收DEF并驱使DEF穿过腔体以离开腔体。DEF接着被引导并施加至车辆发动机的排气流。
冷却套选择性地被冷却剂填充，并且冷却套具有外侧和内侧。套的内侧面向一定长度的阀体并且由空气间隙与所述一定长度的阀体分离。
在DEF被喷射到气流之后排气管接收排气流。DEF喷射入气流形成了符合至少一条政府排放条例的改良排气流。
现在参考图1、图2和图3，描述了安装于排气管上的液冷式SCR RDU 100的一个示例。所述RDU 100包括阀或DEF喷射器102。阀或DEF喷射器102的作用是将还原剂（例如DEF）喷射入发动机的排气流中。阀102具有阀体104。DEF入口106将DEF供应至阀102。冷却套108围绕阀体104。
冷却套108包括内侧110和外侧112。冷却剂入口114允许冷却剂119流入冷却套108中。DEF喷射器电源连接器118被用于提供电源给所述单元。RDU凸缘、安装凸台和夹持装置120将RDU联接于排气管122。排气管联接于发动机124。空气间隙130存在于冷却套108的内侧110和阀体104之间。在一示例中，空气间隙的距离是大约0.3mm。分离距离的其它例子是可能的。冷却剂入口126允许冷却剂109进入套108中，而冷却剂出口128允许冷却剂离开。
空气间隙130有效地将阀102从冷却套108隔开，并且产生这两个元件之间的非密切连接（非接触连接）。有利地，该设置通过将DEF喷射器从冷却套隔离提高了喷射器抵抗沸腾和冻结柴油机排气燃料（DEF）的能力。
在图1-3所示系统的运行的一个示例中，冷却套108选择性地由冷却剂填充。套108的内侧110面向一定长度的阀体104，并且由空气间隙130与所述一定长度的阀体104分离。在液冷式RDU 100的正常运行期间，DEF喷射器102由套108（被供给发动机冷却剂）与周围环境隔离。由空气间隙130提供的隔离被用于当在远热于DEF的大气压沸点的环境中时保持DEF在低于其大气压沸点和热分解点的范围中。
更具体地，在热浸泡条件期间，穿过阀102的DEF不是过热的。在其它情形中，当温度冷的足够引起冷却剂温度在冷却套108中的DEF的凝固点之下时，由空气间隙130提供的非密切接触防止DEF在其穿过阀102时冻结。由本方法提供的这些优点在下文进一步讨论。
如提到的，热浸泡条件可能发生在当车辆被关闭并且没有冷却剂流经套108时。在热浸泡期间，如果不使用本方法，排气系统的热被传导入RDU 100中。如果不采取行动，在车辆以高负荷运行接着被关闭的条件期间，该热浸泡可以使冷却剂沸腾，在RDU 100内产生无限制温度以及随后喷射器内DEF的超温。当DEF超温时，它将形成不利地影响DEF喷射器性能的硬质不溶副产物。
可以理解的是，本方法在喷射器和冷却套之间以空气间隙130的形式使用非密切接触，以允许喷射器102在这些温度偏移期间保持与冷却套108隔离。与传统的紧密接触设计相比，水套内表面和DEF喷射器阀体104的外表面之间的空气间隙130显著地减少了热浸泡期间喷射器温度的增加。由于使用空气间隙而不是某些材料，与之前的方法相比，本方法的成本和复杂性被降低。
替代地，如果温度冷的足够引起冷却剂温度在冷却套108内的DEF的凝固点之下，则RDU 100和DEF喷射器102之间的非密切接触是有利的。与冷却剂相比，DEF在更高的温度下冻结，因此产生了以下情形，即：如果阀体与冷却套108内部之间存在密切接触并且冷却剂在DEF的凝固点之下，则温热的尿素可能在其穿过DEF喷射器102的期间被冻结。
现在参考图4，描述了本系统的热传递特性的示例。冷却套408绕阀412延伸，但是由空气间隔430与阀的主体分离。
箭头的尺寸反映了热传递的量。可以看出相对大的箭头402从车辆的其余部分延伸至图4的装置。箭头402代表来自车辆的相对大量的热传递，并且可能源于，例如车辆的发动机或任何车辆部件的运行，仅举几个例子而言。
中等箭头404来自外部横穿过冷却套408。冷却套及其内容物吸收一些由箭头402代表的热能。也可以看出非常小的箭头406或无箭头穿过空气间隙430。小箭头（或无箭头）代表空气间隙在本装置中具有的效果。更具体地，空气间隙430防止（或显著减少）从套408至阀412的热能传递。
本文描述了本发明的优选实施例，包括发明人已知的实施本发明的最佳方式。应当理解所示出的实施例是仅示例性的，并且不应被认为限制本发明的范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种液冷式还原单元，所述单元包括：
柴油机排气流体喷射阀，所述阀具有在其中形成细长腔体的阀壳体，所述阀被设置为接收柴油机排气流体并驱使柴油机排气流体穿过腔体以离开腔体，柴油机排气流体接着被引导并施加至车辆发动机的排气流；
选择性地被冷却剂填充的冷却套，所述冷却套具有外侧和内侧，所述套的内侧面向一定长度的阀的末端部分并且由空气间隙与所述一定长度的阀的末端部分分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单元，还包括冷却剂入口以传输冷却剂至所述冷却套。
3.根据权利要求2所述的单元，还包括冷却剂出口以允许冷却剂离开所述冷却套。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单元，还包括提供柴油机排气流体至柴油机排气流体阀中的柴油机排气流体入口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其中所述柴油机排气流体是还原剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其中所述空气间隙有效地防止冷却剂在热浸泡条件下沸腾。
7.根据权利要求1所述的单元，其中所述空气间隙有效地防止穿过阀体的柴油机排气流体冻结。
8.一种车辆中的排放系统：
产生排气流的发动机；
液冷式还原单元，所述单元包括：
柴油机排气流体喷射阀，所述阀具有在其中形成细长腔体的阀壳体，所述阀被设置为接收柴油机排气流体并驱使柴油机排气流体穿过腔体以离开腔体，柴油机排气流体接着被引导并施加至车辆发动机的排气流；
选择性地被冷却剂填充的冷却套，所述冷却套具有外侧和内侧，所述套的内侧面向一定长度的阀的末端部分并且由空气间隙与所述一定长度的阀的末端部分分离；
在柴油机排气流体已被喷射至气流之后接收排气流的排气管，柴油机排气流体喷射入气流中形成符合至少一条政府排放条例的改良排气流。
9.根据权利要求8所述的排放系统，还包括冷却剂入口以传输冷却剂至所述冷却套。
10.根据权利要求9所述的排放系统，还包括冷却剂出口以允许冷却剂离开所述冷却套。
11.根据权利要求8所述的排放系统，还包括提供柴油机排气流体至柴油机排气流体阀中的柴油机排气流体入口。
12.根据权利要求8所述的排放系统，其中所述柴油机排气流体是还原剂。
13.根据权利要求8所述的排放系统，其中所述空气间隙有效地防止冷却剂在热浸泡条件下沸腾。
14.根据权利要求8所述的排放系统，其中所述空气间隙有效地防止穿过阀体的柴油机排气流体冻结。
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