CN105440013B - A kind of preparation method of pomalidomide - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of pomalidomide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The preparation method of pomalidomide, includes the following steps shown in a kind of formula (VII)：(1) using 3 nitrophthalic acid acid anhydrides shown in formula (I) as raw material, with D shown in formula (II), corresponding formula (IV) or formula (V) compound is obtained by the reaction in D shown in L isoglutamines or formula (III), L glutamic acid dimethyl esters in the presence of alkaline reagent；(2) formula (IV) or formula (V) compound cyclization are obtained into formula (VI) compound；(3) it restores formula (VI) compound progress nitro to obtain pomalidomide shown in formula (VII).Present invention process route is novel, and process conditions are reasonable, and reaction step is short, easy to operate, and production cost is low, and reaction yield is high, and product quality is good, and the three wastes are low, has larger implementary value and social economic effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods preparing pomalidomide.
Technical background
Huppert's disease (MM) is a kind of the malignant plasma cell dyscrasia, and tumour cell originates from the thick liquid cell in marrow, and
Thick liquid cell is cell of the bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte development to final function phases.Therefore Huppert's disease can be grouped into bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte leaching
The range of bar tumor.Clinical manifestation mainly has anaemia, ostalgia, renal insufficiency, infection, bleeding, nervous symptoms, hypercalcinemia, shallow lake
Powder sample change etc..Pathogenesis of multiple myeloma rate is about 2-3/10 ten thousand, male to female ratio 1.6：1, most patient age>40 years old.
Pomalidomide (Pomalidomide) is thalidomide analogs, has antitumor activity, and hematopoiesis can be inhibited swollen
Oncocyte hyperplasia and inducing cell apoptosis.In addition, pomalidomide can inhibit the multiple myeloma cell line of resistance to lenalidomide to increase
It is raw, it can be with dexamethasone co-induction apoptosis of tumor cells.Pomalidomide can also enhance what T cell and natural killer cells mediated
Immune response, while monocyte being inhibited to generate pro-inflammatory cytokine (such as TNF-α, IL-6).
Pomalidomide is that third spends amine afterwards after Thalidomide (Thalidomide), lenalidomide (Lenalidomide)
Class drug is mainly used for the patient to lenalidomide, bortezomib drug resistant.On 2 8th, 2013 pomalidomides are in the U.S. by for the first time
Approval listing.As the treatment drug resistant regeneration product of Huppert's disease, wide market.
The structural formula of pomalidomide is as follows：
Currently, the synthesis of pomalidomide, mainly using N- benzyloxycarbonyl groups-L-Glutamine as starting material, tetrahydrofuran is molten
Agent, with N, N '-carbonyl dimidazoles (CDI) are condensing agent cyclization, then with hydrogen bromide acetic acid solution slough benzyloxycarbonyl group (CBZ) and at
3- amino piperidine -2,6- diketone hydrobromates are prepared in salt, and 3- amino piperidine -2,6- diketone hydrobromate is adjacent with 3- nitros again
Phthalate anhydride is condensed, then palladium carbon reduction nitro is that pomalidomide is made in amino.But this method
(Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.9,1625 (1999)) are long there are reaction time, reaction needs pressure hydration etc. to be not easy to realize
Industrialized disadvantage, and final products purity is not high, is only about 85%.Therefore it provides a kind of reaction time is short, product purity is high
Pomalidomide preparation method have important practical significance.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of pomalidomide, and the preparation method period is short, and product purity is high,
High income can reach single miscellaneous respectively less than 0.1% without refined, be more suitable for industrialized production.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The preparation method of pomalidomide, includes the following steps shown in a kind of formula (VII)：
(1) using 3- nitrophthalic acids acid anhydride shown in formula (I) as raw material, with D, L- isoglutamines shown in formula (II)
Or D shown in formula (III), corresponding formula (IV) is obtained by the reaction in Pidolidone dimethyl ester in the presence of alkaline reagent or formula (V) is changed
Close object；
(2) formula (IV) or formula (V) compound cyclization are obtained into formula (VI) compound；
(3) it restores formula (VI) compound progress nitro to obtain pomalidomide shown in formula (VII)；
Further, in step (1), the alkaline reagent is selected from sodium acetate, potassium acetate, Ammoniom-Acetate, triethylamine, bicarbonate
One or more of sodium, diisopropylethylamine mixture；Most preferably sodium acetate.
Further, the reaction of step (1) carries out in reaction solvent A, and the reaction solvent A is selected from acetic acid, N, N- diformazans
One or several kinds of mixtures in base formamide (DMF), DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide (DMAC), acetonitrile, acetone；Preferably
Acetic acid or N,N-dimethylformamide；Most preferably acetic acid.
Further, in step (1), 3- nitrophthalic acids acid anhydride and D, L- isoglutamines or D, Pidolidone diformazan
Ester, alkaline reagent molar ratio be 2：1~2：1~2.
Further, in step (1), reaction carries out in the reflow temperature range of room temperature~solvent, and preferable reaction temperature is
The reflux temperature of 80 DEG C~solvent, peak optimization reaction temperature are the reflux temperatures of solvent.
Further, upon reaction completion, reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature filtering, washing, drying to step (1), you can
To formula (IV) or formula (V) compound.
Further, in step (2), formula (IV) compound cyclization obtains the reaction of formula (VI) compound in reaction dissolvent B
It is carried out under the effect of cyclization reagent A.Cyclization reagent A be selected from thionyl chloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), phosphorus oxychloride or
N, N'- carbonyl dimidazoles (CDI), preferably thionyl chloride；The molar ratio of formula (IV) compound and cyclization reagent A is 1：1
~3.Reaction dissolvent B is in dry N,N-dimethylformamide, DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran, halogenated hydrocarbons
One or several kinds of mixtures, preferably n,N-Dimethylformamide or n,N-dimethylacetamide, optimum solvent N, N-
Dimethylformamide.
Further, in step (2), formula (IV) compound cyclization obtain the reaction of formula (VI) compound -40~80 DEG C it
Between carry out, preferably between -30~40 DEG C, most preferably reacted between -20~20 DEG C.
Further, in step (2), after the ring closure reaction of formula (IV) compound is complete, reaction solution pours into the ice quickly stirred
In water, it is concentrated to dryness mother liquid obtained after ethyl acetate extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, 1 is then stirred in acetic acid
~5 hours, it can be obtained formula (VI) compound using filter, washing, drying.
Further, in step (2), the reaction that formula (V) compound cyclization obtains formula (VI) compound is in reaction dissolvent C
In carried out under cyclization reagent B effect.Cyclization reagent B is selected from Sodamide, potassamide or lithium amide, preferably Sodamide；Formula (V)
The molar ratio of compound and cyclization reagent B are 1：1~3.Reaction dissolvent C is selected from dry N,N-dimethylformamide, N,
One or two kinds of mixture of N- dimethylacetylamides is, it is preferable to use n,N-Dimethylformamide or N, N- dimethylacetamides
Amine, optimum solvent are n,N-Dimethylformamide.
Further, in step (2), formula (V) compound cyclization obtains the reaction of formula (VI) compound at 50 DEG C~250 DEG C
Between carry out, preferably between 50 DEG C~150 DEG C, most preferably carried out between 120 DEG C~150 DEG C.
Further, in step (2), after the ring closure reaction of formula (V) compound is complete, reaction solution pours into quickly after being concentrated under reduced pressure
It in the ice water of stirring, is filtered after solid is precipitated, filter cake stirs 1~3 hour in acetic acid, filtering, washing, drying to obtain formula
(VI) compound.
In step (3) of the present invention, the method that document report can be used in nitro reduction carries out, such as with iron powder, zinc
Powder, vulcanized sodium, sodium hydrosulfite, H2, ammonium formate etc. be used as reducing agent, using nickel, palladium carbon, platinum carbon etc. as catalyst.
Further, in step (3), the nitro reduction is preferably using palladium charcoal as catalyst, with H2Or ammonium formate is reducing agent.
Further, in step (3), nitro-reduction reaction carries out in reaction dissolvent D, the reaction dissolvent D be selected from acetone,
The mixing of one or more of methanol, ethyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide, acetic acid
Object, it is preferable to use one or more of acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran mixture, optimum solvent is methanol.
Further, in step (3), nitro-reduction reaction carries out between room temperature~50 DEG C, and preferable temperature is 25~50 DEG C,
Preferably temperature is 30~40 DEG C.
Further, in step (3), after the completion of nitro-reduction reaction, gained reaction mixture can be obtained through simple post-processing
To product, post-processing approach is：Filtering, filter cake are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), filter out palladium carbon, and filtrate is added to the water stirring and is precipitated admittedly
Body washes filter cake, is dried to obtain pomalidomide.The present invention specifically recommend the preparation method of the pomalidomide according to as follows into
Row：
(1) in acetic acid, 3- nitrophthalic acids acid anhydride shown in formula (I) and D, L- isoglutamines shown in formula (II)
Or D shown in formula (III), Pidolidone dimethyl ester are reacted in the presence of sodium acetate between reflux temperature, are obtained corresponding
Formula (IV) or formula (V) compound；
(2) in n,N-Dimethylformamide, formula (IV) compound is under the action of thionyl chloride in -20~20 DEG C of progress
Cyclization obtains formula (VI) compound；Alternatively,
In reaction dissolvent C, formula (V) compound carries out cyclization in 120~150 DEG C under the action of cyclization reagent B and obtains
Formula (VI) compound, cyclization reagent B are selected from Sodamide or potassamide, and reaction dissolvent C is selected from dry n,N-Dimethylformamide
Or DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide；
(3) formula (VI) compound and palladium carbon catalyst are added in methyl alcohol, ammonium formate is added or is passed through hydrogen as also
Former agent carries out nitro-reduction reaction in 30~40 DEG C, obtains pomalidomide shown in formula (VII).
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：Present invention process route is novel, and process conditions are reasonable,
Reaction step is short, easy to operate, and production cost is low, and reaction yield is high, and product quality is good, and the three wastes are low, has larger implementation valence
Value and social economic effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the HPLC figures of pomalidomide product made from embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the HPLC figures of pomalidomide product made from embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the HPLC figures of pomalidomide product made from embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is the HPLC figures of pomalidomide product made from embodiment 4.
Specific embodiment mode
The present invention is described further by way of examples again below, provides the implementation detail of the present invention, still
It is not intended to restriction protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one：
(1) preparation of IV compound of formula
In 3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydride 19.32g, D, L- isoglutamine 14.62g, sodium acetate 8.92g, acetic acid 100ml
It is stirred, back flow reaction, is kept stirring reaction 7 hours, is cooled to room temperature filtering, wash, it is dry, obtain gray solid
29.86g yield 93.2%.
1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) δ 14.41 (s, 1H), 11.48 (s, 1H), 8.12 (dd, J=7.5,2.0Hz,
1H), 7.87 (dd, J=7.5,2.0Hz, 1H), 7.73 (t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 4.51 (dt, J=5.8,
1.1Hz, 1H), 3.19-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.96 (ddd, J=12.4,9.0,7.6Hz, 1H), 2.08 (dtd, J=12.4,
8.9,5.8Hz, 1H), 1.63 (ddt, J=12.4,7.7,1.4Hz, 1H)
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula
10g formula IV compounds, DMF30ml, in the lower dropwise addition thionyl chloride 5g of -20 DEG C of stirrings are added in reaction bulb.Heat preservation
Reaction 2-3 hours.Reaction solution pours into the ice water quickly stirred, the extraction of 2 × 50ml ethyl acetate, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying.It crosses
Sodium sulphate is filtered out, mother liquor is concentrated to dryness.Stirring at normal temperature one hour in acetic acid is filtered, and is washed, dry, obtains product
6.95g, yield 73.6%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 11.19 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=
7.3Hz, 1H), 8.13 (t, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 5.22 (dd, J=12.9,5.4Hz, 1H), 2.90 (ddd, J=17.2,
13.9,5.4Hz, 1H), 2.67-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.09 (dtd, J=13.1,5.4,2.4Hz, 1H)
(3) preparation of VII compound pomalidomide of formula
By Formula IV compound 5.02g in methanol 50ml, 10% palladium carbon 0.51g, ammonium formate 8.31g is added, is stirred at 40 DEG C
Reaction 3 hours, filtering are mixed, filter cake is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 20ml, filters out palladium carbon, and filtrate is added in water 100ml, and stirring is precipitated
Solid washes filter cake, is dried to obtain product 3.51g, yield 77.6%, purity 99.92%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 11.08 (s, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=8.5,7.0Hz, 1H), 7.01 (t, J=
8.2Hz, 2H), 5.05 (dd, J=12.7,5.4Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 2.89 (ddd, J=16.6,13.7,5.3Hz,
1H), 2.64-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.03 (ddd, J=13.0,5.8,3.3Hz, 1H) .MS (ESI) m/e (M+H+)274。
Embodiment two：
(1) preparation of V compound of formula
3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydrides 19.32g, D, Pidolidone dimethyl ester 17.6g, sodium acetate 8.92g, acetic acid 100ml
In be stirred, back flow reaction, be kept stirring reaction 7 hours, be cooled to room temperature filtering, wash, dry, obtain gray solid,
Filtering, it is dry, obtain product 34.16g, yield 97.6%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 8.11 (dd, J=7.4,1.9Hz, 1H), 8.03 (dd, J=7.4,1.9Hz,
1H), 7.74 (t, J=7.4Hz, 1H), 4.29 (t, J=6.9Hz, 1H), 3.64 (d, J=10.2Hz, 6H), 2.77 (ddd, J=
12.3,5.2,1.8Hz, 1H), 2.55 (td, J=12.1,4.5Hz, 1H), 2.46 (dddd, J=11.8,6.7,4.7,1.9Hz,
1H), 2.29 (tdd, J=12.2,6.9,5.2Hz, 1H)
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula
V compound of 30g formulas, DMF100ml, Sodamide 0.41g are added in reaction bulb.150 DEG C of insulation reactions 5 hours.
60 DEG C of reduced pressures of reaction solution, pour into the ice water quickly stirred, violet solid are precipitated.Filtering, filter cake room temperature in acetic acid stir
It mixes one hour, filters, wash, it is dry, obtain product 20.41g, yield 78.6%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 11.21 (s, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=
7.3Hz, 1H), 8.16 (t, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J=12.9,5.4Hz, 1H), 2.93 (ddd, J=17.2,
13.9,5.4Hz, 1H), 2.67-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.11 (dtd, J=13.1,5.4,2.4Hz, 1H)
(3) preparation of VII compound Bai Madu amine of formula
By VI compound 10.03g of formula in methanol 100ml, it is added 10% palladium carbon 1.11g, ammonium formate 8.31g, at 40 DEG C
It is stirred to react 3 hours, filters, filter cake is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 20ml, filters out palladium carbon, and filtrate is added in water 100ml, stirring analysis
Go out solid, washes filter cake, be dried to obtain product 7.03g, yield 77.65%, purity 99.96%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 11.10 (s, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.4,7.0Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.99
(m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 5.06 (dd, J=12.7,5.4Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.48 (m, 2H),
2.09–1.99(m,1H)；
MS(ESI)m/e(M+H+)274。
Embodiment three：
(1) preparation of IV compound of formula
In 3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydrides 19.66g, D, L- isoglutamine 14.73g, triethylamine 3.68g, DMF100ml
It is stirred, back flow reaction, is kept stirring reaction 9 hours, is cooled to room temperature filtering, wash, it is dry, obtain gray solid
23.89g yield 74.56%.
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula
10g formula IV compounds are added in reaction bulb, CDI is added portionwise under 10 DEG C of stirrings in tetrahydrofuran 50ml
13.12g.After charging, back flow reaction 2~3 hours.It after concentration, pours into the ice water quickly stirred, 2 × 50ml acetic acid second
Ester extracts, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying.It is filtered to remove sodium sulphate, mother liquor is concentrated to dryness.Stirring at normal temperature one hour, mistake in acetic acid
Filter is washed, dry, obtains product 4.17g, yield 44.2%.
(3) preparation of VII compound pomalidomide of formula
Formula IV compound 5g is dissolved in DMF 100ml, 10% palladium carbon 0.51g is added, leads to about 3~4 atmospheric pressure of hydrogen
Under, reaction 2 hours is stirred at room temperature, filters out palladium carbon, filtrate activated carbon decolorizing, filtrate is added in water 100ml after filtering out activated carbon, stirs
Precipitation solid is mixed, filter cake is washed, is dried to obtain product 2.63g, yield 58.2%, purity 99.89%.
Example IV：
(1) preparation of V compound of formula
3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydrides 19.13g, D, Pidolidone dimethyl ester 17.77g, ammonium acetate 7.92g, acetic acid 100ml
In be stirred, back flow reaction, be kept stirring reaction 7 hours, be cooled to room temperature filtering, wash, dry, obtain gray solid,
Filtering, it is dry, obtain product 31.77g, yield 90.77%.
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula
V compound of 30g formulas, DMAC 100ml, potassamide 0.47g are added in reaction bulb.150 DEG C of insulation reactions 5 are small
When.60 DEG C of reduced pressures of reaction solution, pour into the ice water quickly stirred, violet solid are precipitated.Filtering, filter cake room temperature in acetic acid
Stirring one hour is filtered, and is washed, dry, obtains product 19.79g, yield 76.2%.
(3) preparation of VII compound Bai Madu amine of formula
By VI compound 10.03g of formula in acetone：Methanol=1：In 1 100ml solution, 10% palladium carbon 1.11g, hydrogen is added
Atmospheric pressure is stirred to react 3 hours under 3~4 atmospheric pressure at 40 DEG C, and filtering, filter cake is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 20ml, filters out
Palladium carbon, filtrate are added in water 100ml, and solid is precipitated in stirring, wash filter cake, are dried to obtain product 6.19g, yield 68.33% is pure
Degree 99.58%.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of pomalidomide, includes the following steps shown in a kind of formula (VII)：
(1) preparation of IV compound of formula：3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydride 19.32g, D, L- isoglutamine 14.62g, sodium acetate
It is stirred in 8.92g, acetic acid 100ml, back flow reaction, is kept stirring reaction 7 hours, is cooled to room temperature filtering, washed, done
It is dry, obtain gray solid 29.86g, yield 93.2%；
The structural formula of formula IV compound is as follows：
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula：10g formula IV compounds, DMF30ml, in the lower dropwise addition of -20 DEG C of stirrings are added in reaction bulb
Thionyl chloride 5g, insulation reaction 2-3 hours, reaction solution pours into the ice water quickly stirred, the extraction of 2 × 50ml ethyl acetate, nothing
Aqueous sodium persulfate is dried, and is filtered to remove sodium sulphate, mother liquor is concentrated to dryness；Stirring at normal temperature one hour in acetic acid is filtered, washing,
It is dry, obtain product 6.95g, yield 73.6%；
The structural formula of VI compound of formula is as follows：
(3) preparation of VII compound pomalidomide of formula：By VI compound 10.03g of formula in methanol 100ml, 10% palladium carbon is added
1.11g, ammonium formate 8.31g are stirred to react 3 hours at 40 DEG C, filter, and filter cake is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 20ml, filters out palladium carbon,
Filtrate is added in water 100ml, and solid is precipitated in stirring, washes filter cake, is dried to obtain product 7.03g, yield 77.65%, purity
99.96%；
The structural formula of VII compound of formula is as follows：
2. the preparation method of pomalidomide, includes the following steps shown in a kind of formula (VII)：
(1) preparation of IV compound of formula：3- nitrophthalic acid acid anhydrides 19.32g, D, Pidolidone dimethyl ester 17.6g, sodium acetate
It is stirred in 8.92g, acetic acid 100ml, back flow reaction, is kept stirring reaction 7 hours, is cooled to room temperature filtering, washed, done
It is dry, gray solid is obtained, is filtered, it is dry, obtain product 34.16g, yield 97.6%；
The structural formula of formula IV compound is as follows：
(2) preparation of VI compound of formula：V compound of 30g formulas, DMF100ml, Sodamide 0.41g are added in reaction bulb；150
DEG C insulation reaction 5 hours, 60 DEG C of reduced pressures of reaction solution, pours into the ice water quickly stirred, violet solid is precipitated, filter, filter
Cake stirring at normal temperature one hour in acetic acid is filtered, and is washed, dry, obtains product 20.41g, yield 78.6%；
The structural formula of VI compound of formula is as follows：
(3) preparation of VII compound pomalidomide of formula：By Formula IV compound 5.02g in methanol 50ml, 10% palladium carbon is added
0.51g, ammonium formate 8.31g are stirred to react 3 hours at 40 DEG C, filter, and filter cake is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 20ml, filters out palladium carbon,
Filtrate is added in water 100ml, and solid is precipitated in stirring, washes filter cake, is dried to obtain product 3.51g, yield 77.6%, purity
99.92%；
The structural formula of VII compound of formula is as follows：
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