CN105439533A - Method and production line for producing ceramic particles by using various hazardous wastes - Google Patents

Method and production line for producing ceramic particles by using various hazardous wastes Download PDF

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CN105439533A
CN105439533A CN201610016146.4A CN201610016146A CN105439533A CN 105439533 A CN105439533 A CN 105439533A CN 201610016146 A CN201610016146 A CN 201610016146A CN 105439533 A CN105439533 A CN 105439533A
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hazardous wastes
clay
haydite
various
mud
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曹树梁
许建华
王启春
赵之彬
蔡滨
许建丽
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Priority to CN201610016146.4A priority Critical patent/CN105439533A/en
Priority to CN202011226636.XA priority patent/CN112279623A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1325—Hazardous waste other than combustion residues
    • C04B33/1327—Hazardous waste other than combustion residues containing heavy metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/16—Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A method and a production line for producing ceramic particles by using various hazardous wastes relate to complete treatment and permanent safety of the hazardous wastes and ceramic particle production, and in particular relate to the method and the production line for producing the ceramic particles by using the various hazardous wastes. A hazardous waste mixture formed by random types of all the various hazardous wastes listed in the national hazardous waste catalogue according to random proportions is ground into slurry by a wet method; the slurry is sufficiently stirred and mixed with clay ground by a dry method and an additive according to certain proportions; the obtained mixture is extruded by a vacuum stirring extruding machine to form high-intensity biscuit particles; the high-intensity biscuit particles are dried, preheated, burn-expanded, sintered and cooled to form the ceramic particles. The clay polluted by the hazardous wastes is adopted; in the mixture of the hazardous wastes, the clay and the additive, a ratio of (SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3) to (CaO+MgO) is greater than 2, and meanwhile, a ratio of SiO4 to MgO is greater than 4.

Description

Method and the production line of haydite is manufactured with various Hazardous wastes
Technical field
The technical program relates to the improvement of various Hazardous wastes, haydite is produced, the pulverizing of various Hazardous wastes, clay, additive, blending means, effectively using and administering by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management, haydite biscuit is in the minimizing method of the drying of rotary kiln, the motion wearing and tearing generation harmful dust of preheating section.
Background technology
According to National Hazard refuse catalogue, Hazardous wastes comprises the refuse containing a certain amount of cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos, be generally owing to artificially exploiting, producing, using, living, medical treatment etc. and refuse human body, animals and plants, environment to serious harm that produces, Hazardous wastes generally has toxicity, inflammableness, explosivity, corrodibility, chemical reactivity or infectivity, must administer, make it innoxious, preferably reach effective utilization further.
Cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos nature with simple substance, oxide compound, sulfide, halogenide, vitriol, carbonate, form exist, wherein silicate minerals is more stable.
Hazardous wastes fecund is born in chemical industry, Metallurgy Industry etc., the familiar chemical industry method of industry personnel, adopt the methods such as chemical reaction, reduction, complexing, burning, landfill, seal isolation storage to administer for many years, process Hazardous wastes, because Hazardous wastes kind is a lot, stability after improvement is also different, some short-terms several years of having or reappear harmful phenomenon afterwards for many years; Hazardous wastes number ratio is larger, treatment cost is high, and some enterprises, due to economic or technical reason, administer, process is not thorough, landfill is lack of standardization, left major disaster hidden danger, and at last progressively polluted a large amount of soil and groundwater, and due to distribute wide, quantity is large, the even whole nationality in each area, country's survival condition from now on will be had a strong impact on, its harm is more serious more than haze, unrepairable in centuries substantially, is difficult to eliminate.
With flyash, it is commonplace that coal gangue the like waste produces haydite, also municipal waste water sludge is adopted in the recent period, dyeing waste water sludge, incineration of refuse flyash, aluminium manufacturer's red mud, ceramics factory's solid waste produces haydite, also useful indivedual Hazardous wastes produces the research of haydite, but generally adopt traditional haydite production unit, traditional haydite production unit, method, technique does not consider the feature of Hazardous wastes, even if its traditional method that is pulverized and mixed of haydite factory as reasonable in condition is also enough to make toxic dust content in workshop exceed standard far away, the method that tradition manufactures particle makes biscuit strength ratio lower, in the drying of rotary kiln, the motion wearing and tearing of preheating section, produce toxic dust, haydite is produced and is adopted Dual-barrel rotary kiln more, even if negative pressure in holding cylinder, still the dust amount of escaping of about 10% is had in actual production, national standard or HUMAN HEALTH require it is all unacceptable.
Summary of the invention
Hazardous wastes refer to listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue containing cadmium, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, the whole various Hazardous wastes of asbestos, by the various Hazardous wastess in above-mentioned whole various Hazardous wastes with any kind, the mixture wet pulverization of the Hazardous wastes of arbitrary proportion composition becomes mud or one or more wet pulverization of above-mentioned Hazardous wastes is become the clay of mud and dry ground, the additive of dry ground is fully uniformly mixed by a certain percentage, the moisture content of mixture pug is applicable to shaping, be high strength biscuit particle by mixture pug by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming again, by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, through super-dry, preheating, burn swollen or sintering, cooling becomes light ceramic or haydite or ceramic particle, and described clay adopts by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management or do not have contaminated clay, described Hazardous wastes, clay, (SiO in the mixture of additive 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, simultaneously SiO 2/ MgO > 4.
(SiO is not reached in the mixture of described Hazardous wastes, clay, additive 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+M go) > 2, or do not reach SiO in described mixture 2during/MgO > 4, in formula, add quartz sand or be rich in the clay of quartz sand or rich other mineral quartzous, material, solid waste, to reach above-mentioned requirements.
Hazardous wastes kind is a lot, different process, different factory, the Hazardous wastes composition produced is different, from the chemical composition angle of Hazardous wastes, the kind of Hazardous wastes is national standard according to more than tens times of element classification quantity, situation of temporarily depositing, collection transport, the transportation etc. of Hazardous wastes production process, generation unit are in fact with a variety of situations, and warehouse capacity, the warehouse point storehouse quantity of haydite factory are limited.Except the large Hazardous wastes of minority, in most cases Hazardous wastes mixes.In addition, Hazardous wastes restriction long-distance transport, and there is the generation of various Hazardous wastes in each area, therefore, Hazardous wastes haydite factory, production line must possess the ability of Hazardous wastes mixture using any time simultaneously, administer any kind, arbitrary proportion composition, when Hazardous wastes mixture chemical composition is difficult to determine, Hazardous wastes haydite factory, production line mainly rely on the clay that calculates clay, quartz sand or be rich in quartz sand or rich other mineral quartzous, the chemical composition of material reaches (SiO 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, SiO 2the requirement of/MgO > 4, also can rely on protracted experience and actual effect to reach (SiO on above-mentioned calculating basis 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, SiO 2the object of/MgO > 4.
Hazardous wastes haydite factory should set up physics and chemistry room, and to the chemical composition of the Hazardous wastes mixture mud in production process, biscuit particle, haydite, in haydite, harmful substance contents detects at any time, controls relevant parameters, stably manufactured.
Described Hazardous wastes refers to the whole various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue, comprises iron alloy hydrometallurgy industry, nonferrous metallurgy industry, chemical industry, Electroplating Operations, curriery, electronics and electric equipment products and disassembles industry, pharmacy industry, medical treatment, the waste of metal heat treatmet, Metallurgy Industry flue dust, flying dust; Comprise silicomanganese flue dust, wet type copper smelting leached mud, plumbous fuming furnace flue dust, carry zinc waste, chromium slag, chromium mud; Comprise the waste containing asbestos; Comprise the various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen in the colorant mud that ceramics discards and the discarded asbestos material of maintenance ceramic kiln.
The fineness of the Hazardous wastes of described wet pulverization is 80-200 order, and Hazardous wastes mud moisture content is 35-45% (wet basis); The clay of dry ground, the fineness of additive are 80-200 order; The moisture content 15-25% (wet basis) of Hazardous wastes, clay, additive three mixture.
Described mixture pug is high strength biscuit particle by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming, in vacuum stirring extrusion process, pug inner air is drawn out of, pug stirs in a vacuum, do not have the mixing between its pug small-particle of alveolate obstruct thorough, evenly, bonding force improves, pug pellet density is even, density improves, the intensity of mud material forming biscuit particle improves, rising drop impact of mud material forming biscuit particle constantly rolling in rotary kiln up and down rubs, roll and advance, reach kiln tail high temperature except the length almost by whole kiln before poison, biscuit particle and hard refractory materials kiln wall, mutual impact friction between biscuit particle, grain breakage all can produce toxic dust, by the restriction of toxic dust content in toxic dust content in the workshop air of current national strict regulation and chimney exhaust, toxic dust content will determine whether the production manufacturing haydite with Hazardous wastes allows to carry out, toxic dust can be reduced to lower-most point by the high strength biscuit particle through vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming.
Described agglomerating plant is rotary kiln, comprises plug-in type Dual-barrel rotary kiln, monotubular rotary kiln and sinter machine, and burning temperature that is swollen or sintering is 1000-1300 DEG C.
Described light ceramic unit weight is 0.4-0.9, and the unit weight of haydite is 0.9-1.2, and the unit weight of ceramic particle is 1.2-2.0.
Described clay is that the lower contaminated soil of various Hazardous wastes heap or Hazardous wastes overflow and the mixture of contaminated soil or unhazardous waste contaminated soil or bed mud or ooze or discarded mountain soil or normal surface clay or potter's clay or china clay or above-mentioned various soil, mud, soil.
Described additive be coal dust, cinder, flyash, coal gangue, waste oil, various carbon containing material, to one or more in the combinative bonding agent of Hazardous wastes tool, waste containing ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, carbonate, inorganic foaming agent, organic blowing agent.
Described Hazardous wastes: clay: additive=10-50: 40-80: 1-10 (dry matter weight ratio).
Manufacture the production line of haydite with various Hazardous wastes, Hazardous wastes refer to listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue containing cadmium, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, the whole various Hazardous wastes of asbestos, to remove in Hazardous wastes not easily by metal that ball mill grinds by artificial or mechanical method, rubber, plastics, adopt Steel Lining, Hazardous wastes or Hazardous wastes mixture grind and become mud by the wet-type ball mill of steel ball, and ball mill can by inorganics various in Hazardous wastes, organism wears into mud, comprises medical waste, gauze, cotton, hessian cloth, packing bag, the various materials such as medicament Glass Containers grind and become mud, by various Hazardous wastes with any kind, the mixture of the Hazardous wastes of arbitrary proportion composition becomes mud with above-mentioned ball mill wet pulverization or one or more wet pulverization of above-mentioned Hazardous wastes is become the clay of mud and dry ground, the additive of dry ground is fully uniformly mixed by a certain percentage, the moisture content of mixture pug is applicable to shaping, be high strength biscuit particle by mixture pug by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming again, by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, comprise rotary kiln, sinter machine, through super-dry, preheating, burn swollen or sintering, cooling becomes light ceramic or haydite or ceramic particle, and described clay adopts by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management or do not have contaminated clay, described Hazardous wastes, clay, (SiO in the mixture of additive 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, simultaneously SiO 2/ MgO > 4, calcining haydite produce cigarette through dust removal installations such as whirlwind, cloth bag, electrostatic, spraying, water-baths, flue gas through chemical treatment, qualified discharge.
The long-distance transport of Hazardous wastes is subject to a lot of restriction, China is vast in territory, the all trades and professions of each department produce of a great variety, large numbers of various Hazardous wastess, recent China proposes the strictest environmental protection law, the equipment that current many Hazardous wastess are administered, method, technique is still in research, in process of the test, and be all respectively for the equipment that certain Hazardous wastes is administered substantially, method, technique, adopt chemical reaction more, reduction, complexing, burn, landfill, the traditional methods such as seal isolation storage are administered, process Hazardous wastes, current Hazardous wastes treatment cost is high, efficiency is low, whether the product after improvement reaches long-term safety is still in insecure state.The technical program propose for various Hazardous wastes unified, low cost, high-level efficiency, the reliable administering method of product long-term safety, equipment, technique after improvement, production line.
First the technical program is the earth burning industry by producing haydite, produce the ceramics of ceramic, the requirement that Hazardous wastes is administered and principle, formula, temperature, reaction sintering condition that haydite is produced, the formula of Ceramic Production, temperature, reaction sintering condition, the essence of objectionable constituent in the essence of ceramic pigment, Hazardous wastes, the change that ceramic pigment produces in the formula of Ceramic Production, temperature, sintering and result are linked together, find ceramic pigment and Hazardous wastes essence completely the same, there is something in common one to one.Ceramic pigment realizes becoming ceramic useful component except poison through high-temperature calcination in biscuit of ceramics, can pass through Improvement, develops into Hazardous wastes and realizes becoming haydite useful component except poison through high-temperature calcination in haydite biscuit.And develop into the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes.
For this has been a series of research and test, the essence of final discovery ceramic pigment is the same with the essence of objectionable constituent in Hazardous wastes, ceramic pigment major part is Chemicals, wherein considerable part is also poisonous, be harmful to, or even severe toxicity, just in use there are strict rules and regulations, can not work the mischief to human body and environment in process of production, and the objectionable constituent in Hazardous wastes to be exactly often these poisonous, harmful Chemicals can be avoided or be difficult to the resistates avoided or residue in the production process of various industry, these resistatess or residue are combined with waste and form Hazardous wastes.
Hazardous compound in ceramic pigment can cover the whole various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue completely, as: the pink Sn-Cr-Ca-Si element series in ceramic pigment, bright red Cd-Cr-Sb element series, the orange Ti-Cr-Sb element series of titanium, the orange Ti-Cr-Sb element series of titanium, the yellow V-Zr element series of zirconium, praseodymium yellow Zr-Pr-Si element series, cadmium yellow Cd-S element series; Ceramic pigment also comprises various compound, as: zinc titan yellow Zno-Ti o2, cobalt ultramarine Co o.Al 2O3, cobalt blue Co o.5Al 2O3, the yellow 2Pb of Na Puer o.Sb 2O3, sulfide ZnS, TiS, TdS halogenide AgBr, MgCl, phosphide Bp, beryllide BeCl 2, BeF 2, arsenide As 2O3, As 2O5, selenide Se o3, H 2se o4, fluorochemical CaF 2, BaF 2, MgF 2, prussiate Hcn, NaCn, oxyhydroxide Cu ( oh) titanate BaTi o3, SrTi o3, PbTi o3, stannate BaSn o3, chromic salt K 2cr 2O7, Na 2cr 2O7deng.Above-mentioned ceramic pigment, in the silicate environment of biscuit of ceramics, through high-temperature firing, all becomes a part for nontoxic, harmless ceramic, comprises various crockery, china sanitary ware, Wall or floor tile.
Pottery manufacture is that clay is through overmolding, dry, burn till as ceramic, ceramic adopts various ceramic pigment, ceramic pigment is used for ceramic body, for various polished tile, ceramic pigment is also for ceramic glaze layer, through carefully contrast, ceramic pigment comprises the cadmium listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, the whole various element of cyanogen, toxic compounds, poisonous ion, comprise prussiate etc., ceramic pigment relies on ion color development, for realizing the infiltration of colorant in ceramic body, cloth look, art effect, ceramic pigment has water-soluble, the element of ceramic pigment and Hazardous wastes, ion height is consistent, ceramic pigment and Hazardous wastes essence are same materials, in fact environmentally hazardous Hazardous wastes considerable part just comes from environment protection control ceramics factory strict not.But the ceramic pigment overwhelming majority of factory's buying enters in ceramic body and glaze layer, through high-temperature firing, be combined with silicate, the pyroreaction of silicate minerals reconfigures various ion, produce the silicate minerals crystal grain of new non-toxic stable and wrap the glassy phase of crystal grain, make ceramic have various pattern, realize the economic aim of factory.The original chemical of whole Hazardous wastes can find in the industrial chemicals storehouse of ceramics factory, but after being through Production of Ceramics, these chemical all become the ceramic that can use safely.Thus with suitable proportioning, by the method for producing ceramic, the whole various Hazardous wastes listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue can be administered.
We further study is to have the ceramic pigment of severe toxicity to be attached on the larger waste carrier of quality, these Hazardous wastess and waste carrier thereof are entered ceramic formula after various method is pulverized, process according to ceramic production methods, test-results shows, the silicate minerals of all Hazardous wastess its inorganic components the same as ceramic pigment in biscuit of ceramics is combined and all becomes harmless ceramics component, wherein organic materials has all been burnt, become nontoxic gas or flying dust, what have forms hole on ceramic body, and this does not wish in Production of Ceramics to occur.
Further test is that the various Hazardous wastess listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue are directly entered Ceramsite formula again, test according to haydite production method, find that Hazardous wastes can realize innoxious and become the part of ceramic product in haydite is produced, the same with ceramic, making harmful ion in high temperature, silicate environment, change over nontoxic state enters in the new silicate minerals crystal grain formed, and wrapped by glassy phase, be in Melt inclusion, the permanent secure to human body, animals and plants, environment can be guaranteed.
Haydite can belong to ceramic in essence, and being stained with that just haydite adopts is very rudimentary, more cheaply, never poisonous ceramic pigment joins in ceramic grain by people, because there is no need, also nonsensical, these poisonous ceramic pigments are very expensive concerning haydite.Producing ceramic can make same dangerous ceramic pigment become a part for nontoxic useful ceramic, above-mentioned whole Hazardous wastes can be administered too by the method for producing haydite, just conventionally haydite production belongs to earth burning industry, two industries with ceramics, the intension of the profound level of earth burning industry and ceramics linked together by nobody in the past, fetter thought, overslaugh technical progress, overslaugh is so that " haydite production method can be administered various, whole Hazardous wastes " this thought and concept appearance and clearly become a kind of method of administering whole various Hazardous wastes.
New problem is that the traditional method that is pulverized and mixed of haydite production is enough to toxic dust content in workshop is exceeded standard far away, the method that tradition manufactures particle makes biscuit strength ratio lower, in the drying of rotary kiln, the motion wearing and tearing of preheating section, produce toxic dust, haydite is produced and is adopted Dual-barrel rotary kiln more, even if negative pressure in holding cylinder, still the dust amount of escaping of about 10% is had in actual production, toxic dust is different from nontoxic dust, even if little quantity, national standard or HUMAN HEALTH are required it is all completely unacceptable.
We adopt that Hazardous wastes wet pulverization becomes the clay of mud and dry ground, additive is fully uniformly mixed for this reason, do not produce toxic dust, vacuum extruding machine extrudes haydite biscuit, improve biscuit intensity, reduce the motion wearing and tearing of the drying at rotary kiln, preheating section, make the toxic dust in production process be reduced to lower-most point.We adopt and are replaced unselected clay by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management simultaneously, these are also changed over nontoxic state by the Hazardous wastes in the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management and enter in the new silicate minerals crystal grain formed, and wrapped by glassy phase, be in Melt inclusion, the permanent secure to human body, animals and plants, environment can be guaranteed.
Furtherly, Hazardous wastes has the various forms such as solid, liquid, mud, and Hazardous wastes can comprise the particle, threadiness, flap, yarn fabric etc. that vary in size.Hazardous wastes should not adopt dry ground, the crush efficiency of dry ground equipment to threadiness, flap, yarn fabric etc. is lower, the more important thing is that dry ground can produce toxic dust, affect Working environment, national standard has strict demand to toxic dust content in workshop, as very high to harmful dust dedusting class requirement in adopted dry ground, very large facility investment and working cost can be produced, very uneconomical; So Hazardous wastes should adopt wet pulverization, usually wet-type ball mill can be adopted, adopt intermittent ball mill or continuous type ball mill, target Hazardous wastes is crushed to the mud that water content is 35-45%, with the clay of dry ground, additive be fully mixed into water content for 15-25% has plastic pug.
The smashing fineness of Hazardous wastes reaches 80-200 order, and clay, additive are used in method and pulverize, and smashing fineness reaches 80-200 order.
Containing cadmium, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos Hazardous wastes has common feature, its harm is mainly reflected in soluble heavy metal ions, metal ion, nonmetallic ion, cryanide ion (cn) etc., Hazardous wastes wet pulverization, clay, additive dry ground, well-mixed object is also: by the wet pulverization of Hazardous wastes, soluble ion in various Hazardous wastes is fully dissolved in moisture content, the capillary phenomenon that in mixing process, soluble ion moves with moisture content is diffused into clay, each molecule of additive, clay is silicate minerals, main component is silicon-dioxide and aluminium sesquioxide, the soluble ion in Hazardous wastes and silicon-dioxide and aluminium sesquioxide molecule is made to have the maximum adjacent chance with contacting, cause other dispersion of molecular level and mixing, for the reaction under next step high temperature, in conjunction with, fixing, except poison creates conditions.The pyroreaction of silicate minerals will reconfigure various mineral, produce new stable silicate minerals crystal grain and the glassy phase wrapping crystal grain, reach the object of administering various Hazardous wastes.
Hazardous wastes fully mixes with stirrer by a certain percentage with clay, additive, Hazardous wastes and clay, additive refer to by a certain percentage and ensure that the quantity of clay and additive mesosilicic acid salt mineral far exceedes the quantity of the ion that needs combine, and produce enough new resistant minerals and glassy phase.Fully mix for making material and generally adopt biaxial rneader, enter three axle vacuum extruding machines through the well-mixed pug of biaxial rneader to extrude and be cut to right cylinder, vacuum extruding machine is adopted to make haydite biscuit have very high intensity, reduce haydite biscuit in abrasion loss that is dry, preheating section, because not yet remove poison at dry, preheating section material.
Now with flyash, it is commonplace that coal gangue the like waste produces haydite, also municipal waste water sludge is adopted in the recent period, dyeing waste water sludge, incineration of refuse flyash, aluminium manufacturer's red mud, ceramics factory's solid waste produces haydite, also useful indivedual Hazardous wastes produces the research of haydite, but it is not standby generally to adopt traditional haydite to produce at present, traditional haydite production unit, method, technique does not consider the feature of Hazardous wastes, even if its traditional method that is pulverized and mixed of haydite factory as reasonable in condition is also enough to make toxic dust content in workshop exceed standard far away, the method that tradition manufactures particle makes biscuit strength ratio lower, in the drying of rotary kiln, the motion wearing and tearing of preheating section, produce toxic dust, haydite is produced and is adopted Dual-barrel rotary kiln more, even if negative pressure in holding cylinder, still the dust amount of escaping of about 10% is had in actual production, even if monotubular kiln is produced, dynamic cooperation between the rotary kiln rotated and fixing flue is also difficult to realization and fits together perfectly, produce not standby with traditional haydite, method, explained hereafter Hazardous wastes is the haydite of raw material, national standard or HUMAN HEALTH require it is all unacceptable, in fact to workers ' health, very dangerous to ecotope.
The method of haydite is manufactured, (SiO in the mixture of the Hazardous wastes described in requirement, clay, additive with Hazardous wastes 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, simultaneously SiO in said mixture 2/ MgO > 4.Reason is 1, various Hazardous wastes composition is very complicated, and manufacturing haydite is exactly reconfigure as nontoxic new stable silicate minerals by being fully pulverized and mixed with batching by Hazardous wastes in high-temperature acidic environment, SiO 2, Al 2o 3, Fe 2o 3be acidic oxide, be the main component forming silicate minerals, CaO, MgO are basic oxide, are not the neccessary compositions forming silicate minerals.2, SiO 2, Al 2o 3, Fe 2o 3it is acidic oxide, CaO, MgO are basic oxide, in Hazardous wastes, toxic substance mostly is valence heavy metal ions, high-temperature acidic environment contributes to valence heavy metal ions to decompose, be reduced at a low price nontoxic metal ion be combined into crystalline silicates and wrapped mutually by high temp glass, becomes stable, the silicate minerals of permanent secure after cooling.And high-temperature alkaline environmental benefits is in the nontoxic heavy metal ion of low price is oxidized to high price toxic heavy metal ion.3, there is free state MgO in some Hazardous wastes, Ji Fang Magnesium stone ， Fang Magnesium stone is unstable, and easy expansion damage haydite structure ， Fang Magnesium stone is through pulverizing fully mixing, MgO and a large amount of SiO 2become garnet, spinels mineral through pyroreaction, eliminate unstable Fang Magnesium stone, so SiO in mixture 2abundant quantity must be had compared with MgO.4, SiO 2, Al 2o 3, Fe 2o 3the temperature that acidic oxide forms silicate minerals is lower, generally can form new silicate minerals below 1300 DEG C, the temperature of the melting of CaO, MgO basic oxide, reaction, formation mineral is higher, general more than 1350 DEG C, both at high temperature differ 100-200 DEG C, many more than 1 times of the fuel meeting of consumption, and higher production temperature also needs more expensive refractory materials, very uneconomical, be even difficult to manage.And the SiO increased 2can be cheap facile with appearance from clay or quartz sand.
China proposes, implement environmental protection standard the strictest in history, there is the Hazardous wastes of enormous quantity in China, as mentioned above, with haydite method administer Hazardous wastes be with good grounds, can on a large scale, the method for low cost, thoroughly improvement Hazardous wastes, but traditional haydite production unit, method, technique can not be indiscriminately imitated, must be pointed out for this reason produce with traditional haydite equipment, method, technique direct production Hazardous wastes haydite danger, diseconomy, propose to produce Hazardous wastes haydite special key equipment, method, technology and production line.With Hazardous wastes manufacture the equipment of haydite, method, technology and production line have many-sided feature, wherein topmost have six aspects:
1, in the mixture that various raw material forms, acidic oxide accounts for main component.
2, Hazardous wastes wet pulverization, other raw material dry ground, the moisture of mixture pug is 15-25%, in this pulverizing, mixing process, do not produce toxic dust.
3, vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming is high strength biscuit particle, toxic dust can be made to reduce to lower-most point in the mutual impact friction between hard refractory materials kiln wall, biscuit particle.
4, Production of Ceramics is adopted to make poisonous ceramic pigment except the principle of poison, adopt improved haydite production unit, method, technique, new special production line is applicable to whole various Hazardous wastes and produces haydite as haydite materials, Hazardous wastes long-distance transport is restricted, the technical program can administer whole Hazardous wastes in one's respective area, also be applicable to the raw material producing ordinary ceramsite simultaneously, and the material between Hazardous wastes and ordinary ceramsite raw material, as do not reached the municipal waste water sludge of Hazardous wastes degree, dyeing waste water sludge, incineration of refuse flyash etc., thus make the technical program have adaptability widely, there is better economy.
5, Hazardous wastes does not generally allow long-distance transport, require to complete improvement in locality, various Hazardous wastes is produced in certain geographic range, and when reaching improvement place, mix often, the Hazardous wastes of any hybrid UV curing can be administered, be used to the equipment of Hazardous wastes manufacture haydite, method, technology and production line.
6, Hazardous wastes manufacture ceramsite production line can use local by the soil of Hazardous Wastes Management as raw clay.
Adopt and had great importance as the raw material producing haydite by the soil of Hazardous Wastes Management.
China's twentieth century fifties is to the beginning of this century, even arrive in the recent period, industry keeps develops, but the execution of environmental law and environmental law is strict not, Hazardous wastes is arbitrarily stacked in a large number, abandon, discharge, landfill, pollute a large amount of soil, water body, underground water, the water body wherein polluted, underground water cannot be saved substantially, and near factory, periphery below stockyard, the soil of periphery below landfill place, clay can find and measure, a few PPM is reached according to its harmful ion concentration of different Hazardous wastes, tens more than PPM are Hazardous wastes, and above-mentioned soil, what the harmful ion concentration in clay had reaches tens, hundreds of PPM, even thousands of PPM, it is in fact Hazardous wastes, just do not arouse attention, or because economic cause is ignored intentionally.The quantity wherein comprising harmful ion decades, about 100 years is enough polluting the underground water of more than half China from now on.Must administer in time.
Above-mentionedly remained silicate minerals by its main component of the clay of Hazardous wastes severe contamination, main component is silicon-dioxide, aluminium sesquioxide, is the main raw material that haydite is produced.
One of the technical program principle is: in Hazardous wastes, mostly harmful metal ion is positively charged ion, in haydite biscuit, harmful metal ion accounts for some thousandths of to one of percentage left and right, organism when pyroreaction in haydite biscuit, silicate minerals under carbon and high temperature, the sour environment that under high temperature, silicate minerals produces can capture electronics, make harmful metal ion become harmless low price ion and even become molecule, and react with silicate minerals and form harmless new silicate minerals, new silicate minerals and conventional ceramic are by new crystal grain, glassy phase, bubble composition, harmless metal ion is in stable crystalline-granular texture, wrapped by glassy phase, bubble is had in glassy phase.Its reaction principle and the ceramic pigment pyroreaction when ordinary pottery products is produced is consistent, considerable part ceramic pigment is poisonous, harmful, certainly its operation has security measures, in ceramic biscuit organism and carbon ratio less, organism and carbon can produce bubble in ceramic, unfavorable to ceramic quality, namely can mainly rely on the sour environment that silicate minerals produces under silicate minerals, high temperature that poisonous, harmful ceramic pigment is converted into harmless ceramic in Ceramic Production.Haydite is also ceramic, with Hazardous wastes produce haydite, light ceramic, ceramic particle the technical program add carbon, organism, enhance except toxic effect fruit, the bubble produced is conducive to the lightweight of haydite, ceramic product does not have the requirements such as strict size, shape, appearance color, makes high-temperature calcination have larger degree of freedom, makes more easily to realize except malicious and innoxious.In general the silicate minerals quantity in haydite substantially exceeds except poison and innoxious required quantity can be accomplished.
In sum, by the upper earth of Hazardous Wastes Management or severe contamination, be stained with and replace common being stained with, be significant as one of haydite main raw material, also be the technical program important feature, because China is existing, producing, the Hazardous wastes quantity continuing in the future to produce is very huge, so by by the upper earth of Hazardous Wastes Management or severe contamination, clay is used for the production of above-mentioned haydite, can a major disaster hidden danger having existed of successive elimination China, these are by the soil of Hazardous wastes severe contamination, clay, if can not get process, progressively pollute more soil and groundwater at last, and it is wide owing to distributing, quantity is large, the even whole nationality in each area will be had a strong impact on, country's survival condition from now on, its harm is more serious more than haze, substantially unrepairable in centuries, be difficult to eliminate.Chromic quantity in the soil that China is only chromium slag contaminated makes the underground water of China's half exceed standard with regard to being enough to, and these soil remediations must fall by we before sexavalent chrome shifts on a large scale.
Hazardous wastes cost is administered low by haydite method, equipment, simple to operate, except poison is thoroughly reliable, there is reasonable economy, as with 0.5 ton of Hazardous wastes, 0.7 ton by the clay of Hazardous wastes severe contamination, about 2 cubic metres of light ceramics can be produced, current light ceramic price about 150 yuan/cubic metre, along with method is progressively ripe, operate progressively skilled, comprehensive regulation production cost may be close to zero, even have profit, this administering method may be distributed in all parts of the country from now on, also because these are wide by the clay distribution of Hazardous wastes severe contamination, quantity is large, the Hazardous wastes of reason of not seeking medical advice is identical with the pollutent of clay, the technical program and production line is made to have higher operability, better society, environment, economic benefit.
The Hazardous wastes containing arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos in Hazardous wastes catalogue, under above-mentioned haydite working condition, the harmful ion of arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen is the same with metal ion, all forms new silicate minerals, becomes firm innoxious substance.In fact for adjustment ceramic pigment performance also often uses arsenic, selenium compound, as white arsenic and Pi Shuang are placed in ceramic pigment the effect can playing colour generation, clarification high-temperature liquid-phase, and fluorine-containing Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is exactly fluorite, fluorite is the fusing assistant that ceramics factory uses in a large number, the harmful ion of prussiate is (CN), i.e. cyanide ion, under haydite working condition, (CN) is decomposed into innocuous gas; The harm of asbestos is asbestos dusts, asbestos molecule enters human lung's harm very greatly, and asbestos are silicate mineralss, fuse into one under haydite working condition with other silicate mineralss, lose the hazardness of fibrous magnesium silicate, asbestos molecule, become effective integral part of silicate minerals.
Specific embodiment:
1, the year such as ferroalloy works, chemical plant, Electroplate Factory, insecticide factory, mine, hospital in somewhere produces the Hazardous wastess totally 3.3 ten thousand tons such as leaded, copper, zinc, arsenic, prussiate, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, barium, agricultural residue, medical waste, all transport to local Hazardous wastes processing enter according to the rules, average every day about 100 tons, Hazardous wastes processing enter with Hazardous wastes, neighbouring river course what mud, flyash for raw material.It is leaded that the same day arrives, copper, zinc, arsenic, prussiate, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, barium, agricultural residue, the Hazardous wastess such as medical waste about 100 tons altogether, the kind of its Hazardous wastes, ratio is random, this Hazardous wastes mixture wet-type ball mill is constantly ground the mud becoming water content 40%, various Hazardous wastes provides unit generally all to have chemical composition examining report, Hazardous wastes processing enter also can carry out composition detection to Hazardous wastes mud if desired, river course what mud, flyash also has chemical composition examining report, according to chemical composition examining report component design, mixture pug is made to meet (SiO 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, SiO in the mixture pug simultaneously 2the requirement of/MgO > 4, proportioning (butt) is above-mentioned Hazardous wastes mixture: river course what mud: flyash=38: 52: 10, Hazardous wastes mud is adjusted to water content 40%, be made as fineness 100 order through grinding of ball grinder, be jointly crushed to 100 orders by after river course what mud drying with flyash, Hazardous wastes mud, river course what mud, flyash are fully stirred in biaxial rneader, are mixed into the pug that water content is 18%, mixture pug meets (SiO 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, SiO in the mixture pug simultaneously 2the requirement of/MgO > 4, pug enters vacuum stirring extruding machine, pug pug inner air in vacuum stirring extrusion process is drawn out of, pug stirs in a vacuum, do not have the mixing between its pug small-particle of alveolate obstruct thorough, even, bonding force increases substantially, and by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, becomes haydite through super-dry, preheating, calcining 1200 DEG C, cooling.The flue dust that calcining haydite produces is through dust removal installations such as whirlwind, cloth bag, electrostatic, spraying, water-baths, and flue gas is through chemical treatment, and qualified discharge, haydite meets the requirements through detecting comprehensively, can sell.
2, tannery's tanning chromic salt, year output chromyl chromium mud ton up to ten thousand, have organism and fiber in chromium mud, adopt by neighbouring mine and ferroalloy works containing sewage and the dust institute contaminated soil for a long time such as cadmium, zinc, lead, prepare burden with coal dust, local quartz sand.Chromium mud: contaminated soil: quartz sand: coal dust=40: 53: 5: 2, is adjusted to water content 38% by chromium mud, is made as fineness 80 order, wears into clay powder by after contaminated soil drying, be crushed to 100 orders together with quartz sand through grinding of ball grinder; Chromium mud, contaminated soil, quartz sand, coal dust are fully stirred in biaxial rneader, are mixed into the pug that water content is 20%, mixture pug meets (SiO 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, SiO 2the requirement of/MgO > 4, described mixture pug enters vacuum stirring extruding machine, pug pug inner air in vacuum stirring extrusion process is drawn out of, pug stirs in a vacuum, do not have the mixing between its pug small-particle of alveolate obstruct thorough, even, bonding force increases substantially, by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, through super-dry, preheating, be heated to 1250 DEG C, burn swollen, cooling become light ceramic.The flue dust that calcining haydite produces is through dust removal installations such as whirlwind, electrostatic, water-baths, and flue gas is through chemical treatment, and qualified discharge, haydite meets the requirements.
3, somewhere Hazardous wastes haydite factory does not have physics and chemistry room, and all Hazardous wastess to factory all mix, and value volume and range of product is often fluctuation, does not have chemical composition to detect data, 1 year Hazardous wastes insufficient total amount 4000 tons.Adopt Steel Lining, Hazardous wastes mixture grinds and becomes 80 order mud by the wet-type ball mill of steel ball, ball mill can by inorganics various in Hazardous wastes, organism wears into mud, comprise medical waste, gauze, cotton, hessian cloth, packing bag, the various materials such as medicament Glass Containers grind and become mud, a small amount of staple fibre in mud does not affect stirring subsequently, mixing, extrude, sintering production process, adopt formula: Hazardous wastes mixture: ooze: coal dust=0-20: 78-98: 2, produce Hazardous wastes ceramic particle and ordinary ceramsite, in annual production, Hazardous wastes ceramic particle accounts for ultimate production about 25%, ordinary ceramsite accounts for 75%, other are with embodiment 1.
4, certain Hazardous wastes processing enter economizing multiple area adopts various Hazardous wastes to manufacture the method for haydite and production line is standard configuration, for administering the whole various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos etc., small towns, city wastewater sludge, incineration of refuse flyash, dyeing waste water sludge, the industrial and mining enterprises' various consubstantiality refuse production haydite listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue, with embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3.

Claims (10)

1. manufacture the method for haydite with various Hazardous wastes, it is characterized in that Hazardous wastes refer to listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue containing cadmium, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, the whole various Hazardous wastes of asbestos, by the various Hazardous wastess in above-mentioned whole various Hazardous wastes with any kind, the mixture wet pulverization of the Hazardous wastes of arbitrary proportion composition becomes mud or one or more wet pulverization of above-mentioned Hazardous wastes is become the clay of mud and dry ground, the additive of dry ground is fully uniformly mixed by a certain percentage, the moisture content of mixture pug is applicable to shaping, be high strength biscuit particle by mixture pug by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming again, by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, through super-dry, preheating, burn swollen or sintering, cooling becomes light ceramic or haydite or ceramic particle, and described clay adopts by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management or do not have contaminated clay, described Hazardous wastes, clay, (SiO in the mixture of additive 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, simultaneously SiO 2/ MgO > 4.
2. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Hazardous wastes refers to the whole various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, asbestos listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue, comprise iron alloy hydrometallurgy industry, nonferrous metallurgy industry, chemical industry, Electroplating Operations, curriery, electronics and electric equipment products and disassemble industry, pharmacy industry, medical treatment, the waste of metal heat treatmet, Metallurgy Industry flue dust, flying dust; Comprise silicomanganese flue dust, wet type copper smelting leached mud, plumbous fuming furnace flue dust, carry zinc waste, chromium slag, chromium mud; Comprise the waste containing asbestos; Comprise the various Hazardous wastes containing cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen in the colorant mud that ceramics discards and the discarded asbestos material of maintenance ceramic kiln.
3. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the fineness of the Hazardous wastes of described wet pulverization is 80-200 order, Hazardous wastes mud moisture content is 35-45% (wet basis); The clay of dry ground, the fineness of additive are 80-200 order; The moisture content 15-25% (wet basis) of Hazardous wastes, clay, additive three mixture.
4. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, to it is characterized in that described mixture pug by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming being high strength biscuit particle, in vacuum stirring extrusion process, pug inner air is drawn out of, pug stirs in a vacuum, do not have the mixing between its pug small-particle of alveolate obstruct thorough, evenly, bonding force improves, pug pellet density is even, density improves, the intensity of mud material forming biscuit particle improves, rising drop impact of mud material forming biscuit particle constantly rolling in rotary kiln up and down rubs, roll and advance, reach kiln tail high temperature except the length almost by whole kiln before poison, biscuit particle and hard refractory materials kiln wall, mutual impact friction between biscuit particle, grain breakage all can produce toxic dust, by the restriction of toxic dust content in toxic dust content in the workshop air of current national strict regulation and chimney exhaust, toxic dust content will determine whether the production manufacturing haydite with Hazardous wastes allows to carry out, toxic dust can be reduced to lower-most point by the high strength biscuit particle through vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming.
5. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described agglomerating plant is rotary kiln, comprises plug-in type Dual-barrel rotary kiln, monotubular rotary kiln and sinter machine, and burning temperature that is swollen or sintering is 1000-1300 DEG C.
6. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described light ceramic unit weight is 0.4-0.9, the unit weight of haydite is 0.9-1.2, and the unit weight of ceramic particle is 1.2-2.0.
7. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described clay is that the lower contaminated soil of various Hazardous wastes heap or Hazardous wastes overflow and the mixture of contaminated soil or unhazardous waste contaminated soil or bed mud or ooze or discarded mountain soil or normal surface clay or potter's clay or china clay or above-mentioned various soil, mud, soil.
8. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described additive be coal dust, cinder, flyash, coal gangue, waste oil, various carbon containing material, to one or more in the combinative bonding agent of Hazardous wastes tool, waste containing ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, carbonate, inorganic foaming agent, organic blowing agent.
9. the method manufacturing haydite with various Hazardous wastes according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Hazardous wastes: clay: additive=10-50: 40-80: 1-10 (dry matter weight ratio).
10. manufacture the production line of haydite with various Hazardous wastes, it is characterized in that Hazardous wastes refer to listed by National Hazard refuse catalogue containing cadmium, plumbous, mercury, beryllium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, zinc, barium, copper, antimony, thallium, arsenic, selenium, fluorine, cyanogen, the whole various Hazardous wastes of asbestos, to remove in Hazardous wastes not easily by metal that ball mill grinds by artificial or mechanical method, rubber, plastics, adopt Steel Lining, Hazardous wastes or Hazardous wastes mixture grind and become mud by the wet-type ball mill of steel ball, and ball mill can by inorganics various in Hazardous wastes, organism wears into mud, comprises medical waste, gauze, cotton, hessian cloth, packing bag, the various materials such as medicament Glass Containers grind and become mud, by various Hazardous wastes with any kind, the mixture of the Hazardous wastes of arbitrary proportion composition becomes mud with above-mentioned ball mill wet pulverization or one or more wet pulverization of above-mentioned Hazardous wastes is become the clay of mud and dry ground, the additive of dry ground is fully uniformly mixed by a certain percentage, the moisture content of mixture pug is applicable to shaping, be high strength biscuit particle by mixture pug by vacuum stirring extruding machine extrusion forming again, by high strength biscuit particle input agglomerating plant, comprise rotary kiln, sinter machine, through super-dry, preheating, burn swollen or sintering, cooling becomes light ceramic or haydite or ceramic particle, and described clay adopts by the clay of Hazardous Wastes Management or do not have contaminated clay, described Hazardous wastes, clay, (SiO in the mixture of additive 2+ Al 2o 3+ Fe 2o 3)/(CaO+MgO) > 2, simultaneously SiO 2/ MgO > 4, calcining haydite produce cigarette through dust removal installations such as whirlwind, cloth bag, electrostatic, spraying, water-baths, flue gas through chemical treatment, qualified discharge.
CN201610016146.4A 2016-01-11 2016-01-11 Method and production line for producing ceramic particles by using various hazardous wastes Pending CN105439533A (en)

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