CN105429547A - Single-phase brushless direct current motor vector control method based on virtual phase construction - Google Patents
Single-phase brushless direct current motor vector control method based on virtual phase construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105429547A CN105429547A CN201510920645.1A CN201510920645A CN105429547A CN 105429547 A CN105429547 A CN 105429547A CN 201510920645 A CN201510920645 A CN 201510920645A CN 105429547 A CN105429547 A CN 105429547A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-phase brushless direct current motor vector control method based on virtual phase construction. The invention aims at carrying out vector control based on magnetic field orientation on a single-phase brushless direct current motor through establishing a vector control model of the single-phase brushless direct current motor so as to realize high-efficiency operation of a wide rotating speed scope of the single-phase brushless direct current motor, increase dynamic response of motor operation and reduce vibration noises of the motor. For a condition that only a single winding provides power when the single-phase brushless direct current motor operates, through establishing a virtual phase current, a motor mathematics model of a d-q subplane is established, and based on that, rotating speed control and current control of the motor are realized. Under the condition that a motor structure and a hardware control circuit are not changed, a vector control method is used to effectively realize high-efficiency operation with a wide rotating speed and a wide load scope, increase the dynamic response of the single-phase brushless direct current motor and reduce the vibration noises of the motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control field of single-phase brushless direct-current motor, particularly relate to a kind of control method improving single-phase brushless direct-current motor operational efficiency and dynamic response.
Background technology
Under the situation proposing energy-efficient requirement to electronic product, some application scenarios originally adopting single-phase asynchronous motor to drive adopt high power density and high efficiency low cost magneto to substitute one after another.Single-phase brushless direct-current motor, have another name called " simplex winding brshless DC motor " and there is the advantage that structure is simple, processing and manufacturing easy, power demand pipe is few, control circuit is simple, cost is low, in some low costs, low starting torque, the less demanding low-power equipment of motor performance is applied more widely as the occasion such as blower fan, water pump obtains.But along with some application scenarios are to the raising of performance requirement, operational efficiency, the dynamic response performance of further lifting single-phase brushless direct-current motor, reduce its vibrating noise, making it close to the performance of three-phase (three winding) brshless DC motor, is the new demand proposed single-phase brushless direct-current motor.
Its control mode of existing single-phase brushless direct-current motor is mainly the double circle structure of electric current loop in rotating speed open loop, speed closed loop, current closed-loop or external rotor ring, for radial magnetizing rotor, often according to rotor-position, adopt the modulator approach of PWM or SPWM to generate the power tube drive singal fixing with rotor relative position, ensure that the voltage be applied on single-phase winding is square wave or sine wave.Due in motor operation course, when rotating speed or load change, the phase place between electric current and voltage also can change thereupon.If do not adjusted current phase, the Effec-tive Function in wide rotating speed or wide loading range cannot be accomplished.Often there is load disturbance occasion simultaneously, if can not adjust electromagnetic torque in time, be difficult to ensure that it has dynamic response faster.If therefore can the rotor flux-orientation vector control being similar to three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor be adopted, according to running status, the phase place of automatic adjustment inverter output voltage, guarantor unit electric current produces breakdown torque, then the operational efficiency of single-phase brushless direct-current motor and dynamic response performance just can be significantly improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for the technical deficiency of existing single-phase brushless direct-current motor at the wide loading range Effec-tive Function of wide speed and high dynamic response aspect of performance, provide a kind of vector control method of single-phase brushless direct-current motor.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of vector control method of single-phase brushless direct-current motor, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing virtual phase: obtain the winding current of single-phase brushless direct-current motor and rotor speed, structure and this winding current have identical change frequency, identical amplitude, differ from the virtual phase current of 90 degree in time; Assuming that this virtual and actual simplex winding spatially differs from 90 degree, regard actual simplex winding electric current as α shaft current in motor alpha-beta coordinate system, virtual phase current is regarded as the β shaft current in alpha-beta coordinate system.
(2) conversion of alpha-beta coordinate system to d-q coordinate system is completed: actual phase and virtual phase current are converted by Park, be transformed into on the d-q coordinate system of rotor speed rotation, the biphase current of ac in former alpha-beta coordinate system be converted into the biphase current DC quantity in d-q coordinate system.
(3) the biphase current DC quantity obtained according to step 2 calculates q shaft voltage component U
qwith d shaft voltage component U
d, the rotating speed realizing motor controls and Current Control.
Further, in described step 1, constructing virtual phase current is specially: adopt the method for building table inquiry, by actual winding current i
αthe sampled value of half period deposit in array, according to current rotor speed, calculate the winding current i before 90 degree
αelement in corresponding array, obtains current virtual phase current i
βsize.
Further, in described step 3, U
qand U
dpreparation method be i
dthe unitary current of=0 produces the control method of the vector control method of breakdown torque, the control method of unity power factor or maximal efficiency.
Further, the rotating speed in described step 3 controls as rotating speed open loop, speed closed loop, current closed-loop or speed outer shroud current inner loop double-closed-loop control.
Further, step 3 obtains q shaft voltage component U
qwith d shaft voltage component U
dafter, the rotating speed realizing motor in conjunction with the SVPWM method of simplex winding or SPWM method controls and Current Control.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can be applicable to the driving that refrigerator, refrigerator, conditioner disk pipe blower, air quantity variable end device, fresh air ventilator etc. use single-phase brushless direct-current motor.Apply method of the present invention, single-phase brushless direct-current motor automatic regulating voltage phase place under different rotating speeds and loading condition can be made, ensure the Effec-tive Function of motor, the dynamic response performance of lifting motor, reduce vibration and the noise of motor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of single-phase brushless direct-current motor vector control method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the main circuit diagram of single-phase brushless direct-current motor;
Fig. 3 is the vector control block diagram of single-phase brushless direct-current motor;
Hall signal and current waveform figure (square wave is Hall waveform, the sinusoidal wave current waveform for controlling) when Fig. 4 is single-phase brushless direct-current motor band fans load 600rpm;
Hall signal and current waveform figure (square wave is Hall waveform, the sinusoidal wave current waveform for controlling) when Fig. 5 is single-phase brushless direct-current motor band fans load 1000rpm;
Fig. 6 is that a 60W tetra-is to characteristic working curve (wherein control board stand-by power consumption is 6W) during the rated speed 1400rpm single-phase brushless direct-current motor band fans load 880rpm of pole.
Embodiment
Principle of the present invention is, after the winding current obtaining single-phase brushless direct-current motor and the speed of service, by constructing, one spatially differs from 90 degree with simplex winding, current phase and winding current differ from the virtual phase of 90 degree, former single-phase brushless direct-current motor is equivalent to the two-phase induction motor in an alpha-beta coordinate system, and then converted by Park, adopt the MTPA method realizing unitary current generation breakdown torque under d-q coordinate system, realize the rotor field-oriented vector control of single-phase brushless direct-current motor.
The main circuit of single-phase brushless direct-current motor as shown in Figure 2, is distinguished conducting two to different power tubes according to the difference of hall signal low and high level, is changed the sense of current in winding, keep the continuous operation of single-phase brushless direct-current motor.When the electric current of stator winding changes direction, the direction of stator magnetic potential changes thereupon.Within the electric cycle of one 360 degree, the every 180 degree of conversion first powers of the stator field of motor to.The electromagnetic torque of motor is the interaction in electric machine rotor magnetic field, i.e. T=F
sf
rsin θ, wherein F
sfor stator field, F
rfor rotor field, θ is the angle between two magnetic fields.By detecting the position of rotor, electronic commutation being carried out to motor, ensureing that θ changes within the scope of 0 ~ 180 electrical degree.The torque now exported just is, ensures that motor runs continuously.
As can be seen from torque formula, when θ angle is 90 degree, the torque maximum that unitary current produces.Existing control method, owing to lacking following rotor field, in different rotating speeds different loads situation, θ angle cannot be adjusted to 90 degree automatically, and now rotor and stator field exist coupling, can affect efficiency and the dynamic response of motor.If therefore carry out the oriented control of rotor field to single-phase brushless direct-current motor, in running, ensure that θ angle is 90 degree, then by the decoupling zero of torque component and magnetic-field component, the dynamic response of lifting motor, simultaneously by winding current is all controlled as torque component, realize unitary current and produce breakdown torque, the efficiency of lifting motor.
As shown in Figure 1,3, single-phase brushless direct-current motor vector control method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The winding current of single-phase brushless direct-current motor, through the process of hardware circuit, is sampled by the AD of controller and is obtained real-time phase current i
α, to carry out closed-loop current control;
Commutation signal according to Hall element is mark, counts, thus calculate the current angular rate of motor accurately in real time to the high-frequency impulse of setting
to carry out the closed-loop control of speed, wherein P is the high-frequency impulse number of record in half Hall period, and T is the high-frequency impulse cycle;
According to current rotational speed omega and the present sample time t of motor, by θ
k+1=θ
k+ ω t, estimates real-time electrical degree θ;
According to the real-time phase current i obtained
αwith current rotational speed omega, construct a frequency, amplitude is identical, just phase place differs the virtual phase current of 90 degree.
For virtual phase current i
βstructure, adopt the method for software inquiry, by actual phase current i
αsampled value deposit in the array of a suitable length, according to current rotating speed, calculate the element in the corresponding array of phase current before 90 degree, obtain current virtual phase current i
βsize;
Actual winding is regarded as the α phase winding in alpha-beta coordinate system, electric current is i
α, the virtual of structure is β phase winding mutually, and electric current is i
β, i
αand i
βorthogonal, in conjunction with electrical degree θ, just PARK conversion can be carried out to electric current; After completing PARK conversion, obtain actual active power current i
qwith reactive power current i
d;
Will based on i
dthe controlled quentity controlled variable u that the current closed-loop of=0 obtains
d, u
qconvert through anti-PARK, obtain u
α, u
β;
According to u
αcomplete SPWM or the SVPWM method modulation of power tube drive singal, the single-phase brushless direct-current motor MPTA achieved based on speed ring and electric current loop closed loop controls.
Describe process according to above, to pole rated speed 1400rpm single-phase brushless direct-current motor band fans load, experiment test has been carried out to a 60W tetra-to this control strategy.Adopt the control method in the present invention, namely based on the vector control of the single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor of virtual phase, can find from the test result of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, by vector control, current phase is automatically adjusted, the phase place of winding current and hall position all keep homophase under different rotating speeds and different loads, namely achieve the oriented control of rotor field.
Same motor structure, only change control strategy, adopt the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of the vector control method in the present invention and market exist electric current, rotating speed double-loop control strategy single-phase brushless direct-current motor compare after, this method is about for the lifting of efficiency the operating characteristic resolution chart that about 5 ~ 10%, Fig. 6 is motor.
The foregoing describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention, above-mentioned is only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, for the single-phase brushless direct-current motor being applied to other numbers of pole-pairs, utilize constructing virtual phase current, adopt rotor field-oriented vector control strategy also to belong within scope of the present invention.Any person skilled in the art person may change the method in the present invention or modify and reach identical effect, everyly do not depart from any change of the present invention, all belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. based on a vector control method for the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of virtual phase structure, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing virtual phase: obtain the winding current of single-phase brushless direct-current motor and rotor speed, structure and this winding current have identical change frequency, identical amplitude, differ from the virtual phase current of 90 degree in time; Assuming that this virtual and actual simplex winding spatially differs from 90 degree, regard actual simplex winding electric current as α shaft current in motor alpha-beta coordinate system, virtual phase current is regarded as the β shaft current in alpha-beta coordinate system.
(2) conversion of alpha-beta coordinate system to d-q coordinate system is completed: actual phase and virtual phase current are converted by Park, be transformed into on the d-q coordinate system of rotor speed rotation, the biphase current of ac in former alpha-beta coordinate system be converted into the biphase current DC quantity in d-q coordinate system.
(3) the biphase current DC quantity obtained according to step 2 calculates q shaft voltage component U
qwith d shaft voltage component U
d, the rotating speed realizing motor controls and Current Control.
2. according to claim 1 based on the vector control method of the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of virtual phase structure, it is characterized in that, in described step 1, constructing virtual phase current is specially: adopt the method for building table inquiry, by actual winding current i
αthe sampled value of half period deposit in array, according to current rotor speed, calculate the winding current i before 90 degree
αelement in corresponding array, obtains current virtual phase current i
βsize.
3., according to claim 1 based on the vector control method of the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of virtual phase structure, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, U
qand U
dpreparation method be i
dthe unitary current of=0 produces the control method of the vector control method of breakdown torque, the control method of unity power factor or maximal efficiency.
4. according to claim 1 based on the vector control method of the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of virtual phase structure, it is characterized in that, the rotating speed in described step 3 controls as rotating speed open loop, speed closed loop, current closed-loop or speed outer shroud current inner loop double-closed-loop control.
5. according to claim 1 based on the vector control method of the single-phase brushless direct-current motor of virtual phase structure, it is characterized in that, step 3 obtains q shaft voltage component U
qwith d shaft voltage component U
dafter, the rotating speed realizing motor in conjunction with the SVPWM method of simplex winding or SPWM method controls and Current Control.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105656380A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江大学 | Two-phase brushless DC motor vector control method based on six-pipe full-bridge inverter |
| CN106208862A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-07 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | The control method of motor, control device and blower fan |
| CN106677947A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-17 | 广州开元电子科技有限公司 | Motorcycle idling start-stop type start and power generation integrated control system and control method |
| CN109921663A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-21 | 三峡大学 | A kind of two bridge arm tri-level rectifier of three-phase based on soft switch technique |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105656380A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江大学 | Two-phase brushless DC motor vector control method based on six-pipe full-bridge inverter |
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| CN106677947A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-17 | 广州开元电子科技有限公司 | Motorcycle idling start-stop type start and power generation integrated control system and control method |
| CN109921663A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-21 | 三峡大学 | A kind of two bridge arm tri-level rectifier of three-phase based on soft switch technique |
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| CN105429547B (en) | 2018-05-29 |
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