CN105428086A - Lithium-ion super capacitor electrolyte - Google Patents

Lithium-ion super capacitor electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105428086A
CN105428086A CN201510764429.2A CN201510764429A CN105428086A CN 105428086 A CN105428086 A CN 105428086A CN 201510764429 A CN201510764429 A CN 201510764429A CN 105428086 A CN105428086 A CN 105428086A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
super capacitor
lithium ion
lithium
ion super
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Pending
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CN201510764429.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈建生
彭劝
宋善林
陈文俊
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Hubei Nopon Technology Co Ltd
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Hubei Nopon Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510764429.2A priority Critical patent/CN105428086A/en
Publication of CN105428086A publication Critical patent/CN105428086A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/64Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/60Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lithium-ion super capacitor electrolyte which is characterized in that the electrolyte is formed by at least one type of lithium difluorophosphate liquid, electrolyte salt and a solvent, wherein the content of lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 0.1 to 2 mol/l, 5 to 1.52mol/l preferably, and 2mol/l most preferably, and the solvent is a mixture of one or multiple types of carbonates, ethers and nitriles. Through adding at least one type of lithium difluorophosphate into the electrolyte to form a novel electrolyte, the load storage density is raised, thus the capacitance performance is good, the lithium-ion super capacitor has the advantages of long cycle, high power, and high energy density, at the same time, by using a mixed solvent system of the nitriles and the like, the increase of the stability of the electrolyte and a voltage window is facilitated so as to satisfy the requirements of high energy density and a high power capacitor by the fields of mobile standby equipment and electric vehicle starting power supplies.

Description

Lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical energy storage field, relate to the lithium ion super capacitor research of high-energy-density, relate to a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte particularly.
Background technology
Chemical energy storage device is the important component part of energy resource system, and wherein lithium ion battery and electric chemical super capacitor enjoy people to pay close attention to due to excellent performance.Lithium ion battery operating voltage is high, there is energy density high (150-200Wh/Kg) fail safe good, pollution-free, the advantages such as volume is little, being usually used in mobile electronic device, is also the first-selected energy storage device of electric automobile, but lithium ion battery also to there is power density low, the problems such as cycle life is short, poor performance at low temperatures.Electric chemical super capacitor be a kind of rely on the energy storage of electric double layer or the work of pseudo capacitance principle during, its maximum advantage has excellent fast charging and discharging characteristic, power density can reach 10kW/kg, has cycle life simultaneously and reaches tens thousand of times, the features such as working temperature is wide.Compared with lithium ion battery, its energy density is lower, generally at below 10Wh/kg.At present, this ultracapacitor has been widely used in the field such as mobile stand-by equipment and electric automobile startup power supply.
Along with the development of electric automobile and to high-energy-density and high-power demand, lithium ion super capacitor is a kind of novel energy-storing original paper be concerned gradually in recent years, use the electrode material of lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor simultaneously, lithium-ion mixture super capacitor has the double grading of battery and electric capacity, its thermal energy storage process had both comprised reversible faraday's chemical reaction that lithium ion occurs mutually with electrode material body, comprised again the reversible adsorption desorption behavior of electrochemical active material to ion.Compared with lithium ion battery, the use of electric capacity active material reduces the specific energy density of system on the one hand, makes lithium-ion mixture super capacitor realize fast charging and discharging but then, thus has higher power density.Compared with the accurate ultracapacitor of faraday, faraday's oxygen reduction reaction that in lithium-ion mixture super capacitor, lithium ion and battery material body occur mutually is comparatively slow, its power density can be made in a slight decrease, but can provide higher memory capacity simultaneously.Therefore, lithium-ion mixture super capacitor is the energy storage device between lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor.
At present, lithium ion super capacitor and general ultracapacitor, maximum problem is that cycle life is not good, the not good one of the main reasons of cycle life is caused to be the decomposition of electrolyte, general lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte LiPF6 is dissolved in configuration inside carbonate-based solvent to form, this lithium salts easily and water react, the HF simultaneously produced easily and in electrolyte carbonate-based solvent react, form the solid electrolyte film that impedance is higher, cause lithium ion super capacitor internal resistance to increase, thus affect its cycle life.
For the problems referred to above, be the problem being eager at present to need to solve by development lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte raising lithium ion super capacitor cycle life, high power density, memory capacity.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention will overcome existing lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte Problems existing exactly, a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte is provided, by adding containing at least forming novel electrolyte containing a kind of difluorophosphate in the electrolytic solution, make lithium ion super capacitor have long circulating, high power, high-energy-density, start the demand of the fields such as power supply to high-energy-density and high power capacitor to meet mobile stand-by equipment and electric automobile.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte, is characterized in that: this electrolyte is by least containing a kind of difluorophosphate liquid, electrolytic salt and solvent composition; Wherein, difluorophosphate content is in the electrolytic solution 0.1-2mol/l, is preferably 5-1.52mol/l, most preferably is 2mol/l; Described solvent is one or more mixtures of carbonates, ethers or nitrile.
Described electrolytic salt is LiPO2F2, LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF5, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiN (SO2CF3) 2, LiN (SO2C2F5) 2, LiC (SO2CF3) 3, LiPF4 (CF3) 2, LiPF3 (C2F5) 3, LiPF3 (CF3) 3, LiPF3 (iso-C3F7) 3, LiPF5(iso-C3F7), one or more mixtures in (CF2) 2 (SO2) 2NLi, (CF2) 3 (SO2) 2NLi.
Described carbonates is the compounds such as propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate.
Described ethers is the compound such as glycol dimethyl ether (DME), DOX (DOL).
Described nitrile is the compounds such as acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile, adiponitrile.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
1, the difluorophosphate that the present invention adopts forms novel electrolyte, and difluorophosphate compares LiPF 6dissolubility is good, more free charge can be provided for double electric layer capacitor, simultaneously can also form the more stable and solid liquid interface film of function admirable (SEI film) at electrode surface, guard electrode is not by electrolytic corrosion, prevent the stripping of metal ion in positive electrode, improve charge storage density, make capacitive property more excellent, compared in ultracapacitor, electric double layer capacitance and lithium ion battery take the mode of interior combination, due to the impact by single lithium salts solubility, ion populations is moved freely restricted in electrolyte, the capacity of the electric double layer capacitance part of this device is made to can not get good performance, cause overall energy density low, be difficult to the requirement reaching practical application, therefore, at least can improve charge storage density and active surface utilance containing a kind of difluorophosphate composition novel electrolyte simultaneously, make capacitive property more excellent, adding difluorophosphate can make the capability retention of ultracapacitor rise to 90% by 10%, during apparently higher than interpolation lithium hexafluoro phosphate, capability retention increases 8.4 times.
2, the present invention adopts acetonitrile, PC etc. are the representative in organic electrolyte, and acetonitrile is aprotic polar solvent, and viscosity is low but volatile, and PC is a kind of intensive polar solvent, and fusing point is low, and boiling point is high but viscosity is higher; Aqueous electrolyte and organic electrolyte is had compared to the electrolytic solution for super capacitor used at present; Wherein, aqueous electrolyte mostly is the solution such as the good sulfuric acid of ionic conductivity, potassium hydroxide, and ratio capacitance is high but voltage window is narrow (only having about 1V), and specific energy is lower; Organic electrolyte voltage window wider (can reach 2 ~ 4V), specific energy is high, therefore, adopts the mixed solvent system of nitrile and PC etc. can play respective advantage, contributes to the stability and the voltage window that improve electrolyte.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.
Comparative example 1, in glove box, is dissolved in the PC of aprotic solvent 100 weight portion by the LiPF6 of certain mass, forming concentration is the solution of 1mol/L, can be used for the target organic electrolyte of lithium ion super capacitor.
Embodiment 1 ~ 9, in glove box, is dissolved in the difluorophosphate of certain mass (by table 1 Suo Shi) in the solvent of aprotic solvent Different Weight part, forms the electrolyte of variable concentrations, can be used for the target organic electrolyte of lithium ion super capacitor.
Table 1:
As shown in Table 1, the cyclical stability of lithium ion super capacitor can be significantly improved in the present invention in the electrolytic solution containing difluorophosphate.
Known by comparative example 1, when only adding lithium hexafluoro phosphate, the capability retention of this lithium ion super capacitor is 10%, its capability retention after interpolation difluorophosphate.
Comparative example 1 ~ 4 knows, adds difluorophosphate and the capability retention of ultracapacitor can be made to rise to 90% by 10%; Wherein, only add a kind of electrolytic salt of difluorophosphate in embodiment 4, the capacity of ultracapacitor is 84%, and when lithium hexafluoro phosphate is only added in contrast, capability retention increases 8.4 times; When difluorophosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate are added to this electrolyte with 1:1 content, capability retention is up to 96%.
When optimizing electrolytic salt kind and quality proportioning, optimizing dicyandiamide solution simultaneously, improving in capacity of super capacitor conservation rate and can play synergy; Comparative example 5 ~ 9, all adopt two kinds of lithium salts and its mass ratio is 1:1, but when PC and the AN content in dicyandiamide solution reach necessarily require time, the dicyandiamide solution that its capability retention does not contain PC or AN has and significantly promotes, and capability retention increases to 96% by 68%.
The evaluation of the chemical property of electrolyte of the present invention, adopt in glove box, set up lithium ion super capacitor model, battery core comprises two collector electrodes that aluminium foil makes, is positive pole with LiNi1/3Mn1/3-Co1/3O2, take active carbon as negative pole, the fiber cloth diaphragm inserted betwixt.Battery core immersed in the electrolyte in following examples, adopting aluminum hull and the vertical sealing of micelle group, is 1100mA/g test in current density, the capability retention of lithium ion super capacitor after 2000 circulations.
Above-described embodiment, for illustration of the present invention, is not limitation of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. a lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte, is characterized in that: this electrolyte is by least containing a kind of difluorophosphate liquid, electrolytic salt and solvent composition; Wherein, difluorophosphate content is in the electrolytic solution 0.1-2mol/l, is preferably 5-1.52mol/l, most preferably is 2mol/l; Described solvent is one or more mixtures of carbonates, ethers or nitrile.
2. a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electrolytic salt is LiPO2F2, LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF5, LiClO4, LiCF3SO3, LiN (SO2CF3) 2, LiN (SO2C2F5) 2, LiC (SO2CF3) 3, LiPF4 (CF3) 2, LiPF3 (C2F5) 3, LiPF3 (CF3) 3, LiPF3 (iso-C3F7) 3, LiPF5(iso-C3F7), (CF2) 2 (SO2) 2NLi, (CF2) one or more mixtures in 3 (SO2) 2NLi.
3. a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described carbonates is the compounds such as propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate.
4. a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ethers is the compound such as glycol dimethyl ether (DME), DOX (DOL).
5. a kind of lithium ion super capacitor electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nitrile is the compounds such as acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile, adiponitrile.
CN201510764429.2A 2015-11-11 2015-11-11 Lithium-ion super capacitor electrolyte Pending CN105428086A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105742711A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-06 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN108807012A (en) * 2018-07-23 2018-11-13 上海奥威科技开发有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion capacitor electrolyte and the lithium-ion capacitor comprising the electrolyte
CN109727784A (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-07 北京碳阳科技有限公司 Lithium titanate/carbon material compound, negative electrode material, negative electrode tab and hybrid super capacitor
WO2019149812A1 (en) * 2018-02-01 2019-08-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrolyte composition for electrochemical cell for high-temperature applications
WO2022252055A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical device and electronic device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101626978A (en) * 2007-03-12 2010-01-13 中央硝子株式会社 Method for producing lithium difluorophosphate and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same
CN102134065A (en) * 2006-08-22 2011-07-27 三菱化学株式会社 Lithium difluorophosphate,electrolytic solution preparation and difluorophosphate nonaqueous-electrolytic-solution secondary cell employing the same
KR20150078690A (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-08 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same
EP2913833A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-02 Solvay SA An electrolyte composition for hybrid capacitor and hybrid capacitor comprising the same
CN104979586A (en) * 2014-04-10 2015-10-14 宁德时代新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion secondary battery and electrolyte thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102134065A (en) * 2006-08-22 2011-07-27 三菱化学株式会社 Lithium difluorophosphate,electrolytic solution preparation and difluorophosphate nonaqueous-electrolytic-solution secondary cell employing the same
CN101626978A (en) * 2007-03-12 2010-01-13 中央硝子株式会社 Method for producing lithium difluorophosphate and nonaqueous electrolyte battery using the same
KR20150078690A (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-08 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 a non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same
EP2913833A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-02 Solvay SA An electrolyte composition for hybrid capacitor and hybrid capacitor comprising the same
CN104979586A (en) * 2014-04-10 2015-10-14 宁德时代新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion secondary battery and electrolyte thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105742711A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-06 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN109727784A (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-07 北京碳阳科技有限公司 Lithium titanate/carbon material compound, negative electrode material, negative electrode tab and hybrid super capacitor
WO2019149812A1 (en) * 2018-02-01 2019-08-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electrolyte composition for electrochemical cell for high-temperature applications
CN108807012A (en) * 2018-07-23 2018-11-13 上海奥威科技开发有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion capacitor electrolyte and the lithium-ion capacitor comprising the electrolyte
WO2022252055A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical device and electronic device

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Application publication date: 20160323