CN105425297B - A kind of method and device for suppressing ghosting signal - Google Patents
A kind of method and device for suppressing ghosting signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method and device for suppressing ghosting signal.Methods described includes：Obtain the marine seismic data of frequency-wavenumber domain；Depth, frequency, the wave number of the marine seismic data based on wave detector in the seawater, calculate the ghosting neutralizing factor of frequency-wavenumber domain；Ghosting signal compression process is carried out to the marine seismic data of the frequency-wavenumber domain according to the ghosting neutralizing factor, obtains the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.Using the technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the marine seismic data after more accurately ghosting neutralizing factor and the stronger compacting ghosting signal of stability is calculated, ghosting signal can be suppressed, eliminate the interference of ghosting signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for marine seismic data processing technology field, more particularly to a kind of method for suppressing ghosting signal and
Device.
Background technology
In technical field of geophysical exploration, ghosting be often influence one of method for marine seismic data quality it is important because
Element.At sea carry out seismic prospecting when, typically focus and wave detector are positioned at the certain depth below of sea, due to seawater with
The wave impedance of air is differed greatly, and stronger reflecting surface is often formed between seawater and air, and the reflecting surface is formed freely
Interface.The seismic wave of epicenter excitation can form ghosting after free interface reflection.Waveform, the frequency of the ghosting
The parameters such as rate, apparent velocity are general similar with primary reflection, and therefore, the ghosting may interfere with primary reflection, cause
The LF-response of earthquake record, reduce the resolution of seismic profile.The ghosting even can produce false lineups sometimes, to ground
Shake Data Inversion causes bigger difficulty with explanation.Therefore, compacting ghosting signal is that method for marine seismic data processing is most important
One of step.
In the prior art commonly use the Method of Deconvolution compacting ghosting signal, can specifically design ghost filter, when
Between domain suppress ghosting signal using predictive deconvolution.The Method of Deconvolution assumes that earthquake record is back wave and ghosting
Wave filter convolution and the ghost filter are minimum phase, and the amplitude spectrum of actually described ghost filter has one
" zero point " of series, so the ghost filter is not minimum phase, is unsatisfactory for the condition of deconvolution, therefore time
Ghosting can not be completely eliminated in domain the Method of Deconvolution.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method and device for suppressing ghosting signal, can suppress ghosting letter
Number, eliminate the interference of ghosting signal.
What a kind of method and device for suppressing ghosting signal provided by the invention was specifically realized in：
A kind of method for suppressing ghosting signal, methods described include：
Obtain the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain；
Depth, frequency, the wave number of the marine seismic data based on wave detector in the seawater, calculate frequency wavenumber domain
Ghosting neutralizing factor；
Ghosting signal pressure is carried out to the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain according to the ghosting neutralizing factor
System processing, obtain the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, it is described based on wave detector depth in the seawater, the marine ground
Frequency, the wave number of data are shaken, calculating the ghosting neutralizing factor of frequency wavenumber domain includes：
The ghosting neutralizing factor is calculated using following formula：
In formula, G (F, K) be ghosting neutralizing factor in the value of frequency wavenumber domain, F and K are respectively the offshore earthquake number
According to frequency and wave number, the reflectance factor of R free interfaces between air and sea, i is imaginary unit, and z is wave detector in seawater
In depth, c is seawater speed.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, it is described according to the ghosting neutralizing factor to the frequency-ripple
The marine seismic data of number field, which carries out ghosting signal compression process, to be included：
Marine seismic data after ghosting compacting is calculated using following formula：
In formula, P (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after compacting ghosting signal, and D (F, K) is compacting
The marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain before ghosting signal, G (F, K) are ghosting neutralizing factor in frequency wavenumber domain
Value, white is white noise coefficient.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, hereafter also include：
Two-dimentional Fourier's contravariant is carried out to the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal
Change, the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after generation compacting ghosting signal.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the marine seismic data for obtaining frequency wavenumber domain, including：
Obtain the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field；
Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the marine seismic data to the temporal-spatial field is carried out
Two-dimensional Fourier transform includes：
Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field using following formula：
D (F, K)=∫ ∫ h (x, t) e-j2π(Ft+Kx)dxdt
In formula, D (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain before compacting ghosting signal, and h (x, t) is compacting
The marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field before ghosting signal, F and K are respectively the frequency and wave number of marine seismic data, t
It is respectively longitudinal sampling time and the sampled point depth of marine seismic data with x.
A kind of device for suppressing ghosting signal, described device include：
Seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain；
Neutralizing factor computing unit, for based on wave detector depth in the seawater, the frequency of the marine seismic data,
Wave number, calculate the ghosting neutralizing factor of frequency wavenumber domain；
Geological data computing unit after compacting, for according to the ghosting neutralizing factor to the frequency wavenumber domain
Marine seismic data carries out ghosting signal compression process, obtains the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the neutralizing factor computing unit includes：
The calculation formula of the ghosting neutralizing factor includes：
In formula, G (F, K) be ghosting neutralizing factor in the value of frequency wavenumber domain, F and K are respectively the offshore earthquake number
According to frequency and wave number, the reflectance factor of R free interfaces between air and sea, i is imaginary unit, and z is wave detector in seawater
In depth, c is seawater speed.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, geological data computing unit includes after the compacting：
The calculation formula of the ghosting neutralizing factor includes：
In formula, P (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after compacting ghosting signal, and D (F, K) is compacting
The marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain before ghosting signal, G (F, K) are ghosting neutralizing factor in frequency wavenumber domain
Value, white is white noise coefficient.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, described device also includes：
Fourier inversion unit, for the offshore earthquake number to the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal
According to two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is carried out, the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after compacting ghosting signal is generated.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the seismic data acquisition cell, including：
When depth domain seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field；
Fourier transform unit, for carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the Fourier transform unit includes：
The calculation formula that the marine seismic data to the temporal-spatial field carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform includes：
D (F, K)=∫ ∫ h (x, t) e-j2π(Ft+Kx)dxdt
In formula, D (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain before compacting ghosting signal, and h (x, t) is compacting
The marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field before ghosting signal, F and K are respectively the frequency and wave number of marine seismic data, t
It is respectively longitudinal sampling time and the sampled point depth of marine seismic data with x.
As can be seen here, a kind of technical scheme of the method and apparatus of compacting ghosting signal of the invention by frequency-
Marine seismic data in wave-number domain is analyzed and processed, it is contemplated that reflectance factor, wave detector depth, seawater speed etc. it is various because
The influence of element, is calculated more accurately ghosting neutralizing factor, is calculated surely further according to the ghosting neutralizing factor
Marine seismic data after qualitative stronger compacting ghosting signal, can eliminate the interference of ghosting signal.Eliminate ghosting
After signal interference, the lineups of ghosting can be not only eliminated so that the lineups of useful signal become more fully apparent, continuously,
The trap wave point obtained due to ghosting effect of signals can also be eliminated, the energy at trap wave point is compensated, widens marine seismic data
Effective bandwidth, lift the low-frequency information of marine seismic data.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments described in invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying the premise of creative labor
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of embodiment of compacting ghosting signal method provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the lineups curve map of the marine seismic data provided by the invention using theoretical model synthesis；
Fig. 3 is the spectrogram of the marine seismic data provided by the invention using theoretical model synthesis；
Fig. 4 is the lineups curve map after the present invention is handled using present invention method marine seismic data；
Fig. 5 is the spectrogram after the present invention is handled using present invention method marine seismic data；
Fig. 6 is a kind of modular structure signal of embodiment of compacting ghosting recoil simulator provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of marine seismic data acquiring unit provided by the invention.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical scheme in the present invention, below in conjunction with of the invention real
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is common based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, should all belong to protection of the present invention
Scope.
In temporal-spatial field, useful signal and interference signal are typically not easy to be separated, and similarly, are carried out in temporal-spatial field
When ghosting is suppressed, it is impossible to delamination back wave and ghosting.If the back wave that will be not readily separated in temporal-spatial field
Changed with ghosting to frequency wavenumber domain, be beneficial to the processing of reflection wave signal and ghosting signal.The invention provides one
The method and device of kind compacting ghosting signal.Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment of compacting ghosting signal method provided by the invention
Method flow diagram.As illustrated, methods described includes：
Step S1：Obtain the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain.
The collection of marine seismic data is similar with land collection, the earthquake-wave-exciting at focus, receives and reflects in receiver
Ripple, different places be, focus used and receiver are all and the seas below sea during marine seismic data acquisition
The interference of ghosting signal is generally there are in upper geological data.During a marine seismic data acquisition, usually more big guns
Excite, can produce multiple seismic channels per gun excitation, can include multiple sampled points in a seismic channel.
In one embodiment of the invention, the marine seismic data for obtaining frequency wavenumber domain can include following
Step：
Step SS1：Obtain the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field；
The initial data of marine seismic data is often the collection signal of temporal-spatial field, h (x, t) can be used to represent, its
Middle x can represent that detector can represent the time longitudinally gathered to the distance of focal point, t.It is marine in temporal-spatial field
Reflection wave signal and ghosting signal in geological data h (x, t) are often mutually interspersed overlapping, it is not easy to are separated.But
Marine seismic data h (x, t) can be broken into sinusoidal and cosine form swing component on time and depth, be converted into two
The frequency spectrum of dimension.The amount of single swing component in time, measured with fluctuation number in per second, the frequency of signal can be generated
Rate, the amount in depth, measured with fluctuation number in every meter, the wave number of signal can be generated.
Step SS2：Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field.
Marine seismic data h (x, t) can be changed in the present embodiment to frequency wavenumber domain from temporal-spatial field, specifically
Fourier transformation can be carried out to marine seismic data h (x, t), shown in calculation formula such as following formula (1)：
D (F, K)=∫ ∫ h (x, t) e-j2π(Ft+Kx)dxdt (1)
In formula, D (F, K) can represent the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain.
Marine seismic data is changed to frequency wavenumber domain from temporal-spatial field with two-dimensional Fourier transform, can be incited somebody to action
The energy of the marine seismic data is concentrated in frequency wavenumber domain rectangular extent.In the marine seismic data
The different signal of apparent velocity, energy focussing direction also differ, meanwhile, in the seismic signal, reflection wave signal and void are anti-
Penetrate signal apparent velocity be usually have larger difference, therefore, to marine seismic data from temporal-spatial field change to frequency-
Wave-number domain can provide possibility for compacting ghosting signal.
Step S2：Depth, frequency, the wave number of the marine seismic data based on wave detector in the seawater, calculating frequency-
The ghosting neutralizing factor of wave-number domain.
In one embodiment of the invention, shown in the calculation formula such as following formula (2) of the ghosting neutralizing factor：
In formula, G (F, K) can be value of the ghosting neutralizing factor in frequency wavenumber domain, and F and K can be respectively marine ground
Shake data frequency and wave number, R can between air and sea free interface reflectance factor, i can be imaginary unit, and z can
Think the depth of wave detector in the seawater, c can be seawater speed, and the general value of seawater speed is 1500m/s.
In ghosting signal process is suppressed, the computational accuracy of ghosting neutralizing factor can influence the compacting energy of ghosting
Power.At sea during earthquake stimulation, the placement of the reflectance factor of free interface and focus and wave detector is deep between air and sea
The factors such as degree, geophone offset, seawater planar condition are relevant, observation type (2), it is found that R values are bigger, ghosting neutralizing factor value
It is bigger.In formula (2), the depth of wave detector in the seawater can directly obtain from the marine seismic data, and wave detector is in sea
Depth in water can typically be recorded in the beginning of each recorded trace record data in single-shot.In one embodiment of the present of invention
In, the span of reflection R can include 0.001 to 1.0, it is preferred that the value of reflection R can include 0.97.
The calculating of the ghosting neutralizing factor considers the shadow of the factors such as reflectance factor, wave detector depth, seawater speed
Ring, the degree of accuracy of ghosting neutralizing factor can be improved, improve the compacting ability of ghosting.
Step S3：The marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain is carried out according to the ghosting neutralizing factor empty anti-
Signal compression process is penetrated, obtains the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.
In one embodiment of the invention, the offshore earthquake number of the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal
According to calculation formula such as following formula (3) shown in：
In formula, P (F, K) can be the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after compacting ghosting signal, and D (F, K) can
Think the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain before compacting ghosting signal, G (F, K) can be that ghosting neutralizing factor exists
The value of frequency wavenumber domain, white can be white noise coefficient.The white noise coefficient can increase the stability of calculating, described
The span of white noise coefficient can include 0.0001 to 0.1.
Subsequently, methods described also includes：Two-dimentional Fu is carried out to the marine seismic data after the compacting ghosting signal
In leaf inverse transformation, generation compacting ghosting signal after temporal-spatial field marine seismic data.The Fourier inversion
Formula can be as shown in following formula (4)：
H'(x, t)=∫ ∫ P (F, K) ej2π(Ft+Kx)dfdk (4)
In formula, h ' (x, t) can be the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after compacting ghosting signal.
Below by specific scene application above method step is combined, Fig. 2 is provided by the invention to use theoretical model
The lineups curve map of the marine seismic data of synthesis, as shown in Fig. 2 the lineups curve in figure can be the offshore earthquake
The line of each recorded trace vibration phase identical extreme value in data, due to the influence of ghosting, from the point of view of the lineups curve,
Lineups and primary wave (belonging to useful back wave) lineups of the ghosting signal are mixed in together, darker curve in Fig. 2
Primary wave lineups curve can be represented, lighter curve can represent the lineups of ghosting in Fig. 2.Meanwhile Fig. 3 is the present invention
The spectrogram of the marine seismic data using theoretical model synthesis of offer, as shown in figure 3, due to the influence of ghosting, in institute
There is obvious trap wave point in the position for stating the 65Hz in spectrogram or so, and the trap wave point can limit the broadband of effective band,
A part of significant low-frequency information and high-frequency information in marine seismic data are lost, can include one in the low-frequency information
Divide the low-frequency information for having considerable influence for the imaging of plastid deeper.Fig. 4 is that the present invention uses the present invention to marine seismic data
Lineups curve map after the processing of embodiment method.From Fig. 4 it can be found that by using provided in an embodiment of the present invention by sea
After geological data carries out ghosting compression process in frequency wavenumber domain, the lineups of ghosting have been eliminated, it is described once
The lineups curve of ripple becomes more fully apparent, is more continuous.It may infer that the interference for having eliminated ghosting to useful back wave.
Fig. 5 is the spectrogram after the present invention is handled using present invention method marine seismic data.It is from Fig. 5 it can be found that logical
Cross using it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention by marine seismic data in frequency wavenumber domain carry out ghosting compression process after, institute
State trap wave point to be eliminated, the energy at the trap wave point is compensated, and widens the effective bandwidth of marine seismic data, and lifting is marine
The low-frequency information of geological data.
Another aspect of the present invention also provides a kind of device for suppressing ghosting signal, and Fig. 6 is that compacting provided by the invention is empty
A kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of reflecting signal apparatus, with reference to accompanying drawing 6, device 60 can include：Geological data obtains
Take unit 61, neutralizing factor computing unit 62, compacting after geological data computing unit 63, wherein,
Seismic data acquisition cell 61, for obtaining the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain.
Neutralizing factor computing unit 62, for the analysis processing result according to the marine seismic data, calculate ghosting
Neutralizing factor.
Geological data computing unit 63 after compacting, for according to the marine seismic data and the ghosting compacting because
Son calculates the marine seismic data after compacting ghosting signal.
Fig. 7 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of seismic data acquisition cell provided by the invention, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show, the seismic data acquisition cell 61 can include：When depth domain seismic data acquisition cell 71, Fourier transform unit 72,
Wherein,
When depth domain seismic data acquisition cell 71, for obtaining the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field.
Fourier transform unit 72, for carrying out two-dimentional Fourier's change to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field
Change.
Depth domain seismic data acquisition cell 71 and the Fourier transform unit 72 use two-dimensional Fourier transform when described
Marine seismic data is changed to frequency wavenumber domain from temporal-spatial field, the energy of the marine seismic data can be concentrated
In a rectangular extent in frequency wavenumber domain, marine seismic data is changed to frequency wavenumber domain from temporal-spatial field
Possibility can be provided for compacting ghosting signal.
As shown in fig. 6, described device can also include Fourier inversion unit 64, the Fourier inversion unit 64
It is raw for carrying out two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal
Into the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after compacting ghosting signal.
As can be seen here, a kind of technical scheme of the method and apparatus of compacting ghosting signal of the invention by frequency-
Marine seismic data in wave-number domain is analyzed and processed, it is contemplated that reflectance factor, wave detector depth, seawater speed etc. it is various because
The influence of element, is calculated more accurately ghosting neutralizing factor, is calculated surely further according to the ghosting neutralizing factor
Marine seismic data after qualitative stronger compacting ghosting signal, can eliminate the interference of ghosting signal.Eliminate ghosting
After signal interference, the lineups of ghosting can be not only eliminated so that the lineups of useful signal become more fully apparent, continuously,
The trap wave point obtained due to ghosting effect of signals can also be eliminated, the energy at trap wave point is compensated, widens marine seismic data
Effective bandwidth, lift the low-frequency information of marine seismic data.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, what each embodiment stressed be with
The difference of other embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar part mutually referring to.It is real especially for system
For applying example, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so description is fairly simple, related part is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
Those skilled in the art will also be appreciated that the various illustrative components, blocks that the embodiment of the present invention is listed
(illustrative logical block), unit, and step can pass through the knot of electronic hardware, computer software, or both
Conjunction is realized.To clearly show that the replaceability of hardware and software (interchangeability), above-mentioned various explanations
Property part (illustrative components), unit and step universally describe their function.Such work(
Can be that specific application and the design requirement of whole system are depended on to realize by hardware or software.Those skilled in the art
Various methods can be used to realize described function, but this realization is understood not to for every kind of specific application
Beyond the scope of protection of the embodiment of the present invention.
Various illustrative logical blocks described in the embodiment of the present invention, or unit can by general processor,
Digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices,
Discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any of the above described combination are designed to realize or operate described function.
General processor can be microprocessor, alternatively, the general processor can also be any traditional processor, controller,
Microcontroller or state machine.Processor can also be realized by the combination of computing device, such as digital signal processor and micro-
Processor, multi-microprocessor, one or more microprocessors combine a Digital Signal Processor Core, or any other like
Configuration realize.
The step of method or algorithm described in the embodiment of the present invention can be directly embedded into hardware, computing device it is soft
Part module or the combination of both.Software module can be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM storages
Other any form of storaging mediums in device, eeprom memory, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or this area
In.Exemplarily, storaging medium can be connected with processor, to allow processor to read information from storaging medium, and
Write information can be deposited to storaging medium.Alternatively, storaging medium can also be integrated into processor.Processor and storaging medium can
To be arranged in ASIC, ASIC can be arranged in user terminal.Alternatively, processor and storaging medium can also be arranged at use
In different parts in the terminal of family.
In one or more exemplary designs, above-mentioned function described by the embodiment of the present invention can be in hardware, soft
Part, firmware or any combination of this three are realized.If realized in software, these functions can store and computer-readable
On medium, or with one or more instruction or code form be transmitted on the medium of computer-readable.Computer readable medium includes electricity
Brain storaging medium and it is easy to so that allowing computer program to be transferred to other local telecommunication medias from a place.Storaging medium can be with
It is that any general or special computer can be with the useable medium of access.For example, such computer readable media can include but
It is not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other
What can be used for carrying or store with instruct or data structure and it is other can be by general or special computer or general or specially treated
The medium of the program code of device reading form.In addition, any connection can be properly termed computer readable medium, example
Such as, if software is to pass through a coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, double from a web-site, server or other remote resources
Twisted wire, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or with defined in being also contained in of the wireless way for transmitting such as infrared, wireless and microwave
In computer readable medium.Described disk (disk) and disk (disc) include Zip disk, radium-shine disk, CD, DVD, floppy disk
And Blu-ray Disc, disk is generally with magnetic duplication data, and disk generally carries out optical reproduction data with laser.Combinations of the above
It can also be included in computer readable medium.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method for suppressing ghosting signal, it is characterised in that methods described includes：Obtain the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain；Depth, frequency, the wave number of the marine seismic data based on wave detector in the seawater, calculate the void of frequency wavenumber domain Neutralizing factor is reflected, the calculation formula of the ghosting neutralizing factor includes：<mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>Re</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mi>F</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </msup> </mrow>In formula, G (F, K) be ghosting neutralizing factor in the value of frequency wavenumber domain, F and K are respectively the marine seismic data Frequency and wave number, the reflectance factor of R free interfaces between air and sea, i are imaginary unit, z be wave detector in the seawater Depth, c are seawater speed；The marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain is carried out at ghosting signal compacting according to the ghosting neutralizing factor Reason, obtain the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.
- 2. a kind of method for suppressing ghosting signal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described according to described empty anti- Penetrating marine seismic data progress ghosting signal compression process of the neutralizing factor to the frequency wavenumber domain includes：Marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal is calculated using following formula：<mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>In formula, P (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after compacting ghosting signal, and D (F, K) is that compacting is empty instead The marine seismic data for the frequency wavenumber domain penetrated before signal, G (F, K) are value of the ghosting neutralizing factor in frequency wavenumber domain, White is white noise coefficient.
- 3. a kind of method for suppressing ghosting signal according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that methods described is also wrapped Include：Two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal, it is raw Into the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after compacting ghosting signal.
- A kind of 4. method for suppressing ghosting signal according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the acquisition frequency- The marine seismic data of wave-number domain, including：Obtain the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field；Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field.
- 5. it is according to claim 4 it is a kind of suppress ghosting signal method, it is characterised in that it is described to it is described when it is m- The marine seismic data of spatial domain, which carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform, to be included：Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field using following formula：D (F, K)=∫ ∫ h (x, t) e-j2π(Ft+Kx)dxdtIn formula, D (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain before compacting ghosting signal, and h (x, t) is that compacting is empty instead The marine seismic data for the temporal-spatial field penetrated before signal, F and K are respectively the frequency and wave number of marine seismic data, and t and x divide Not Wei marine seismic data longitudinal sampling time and sampled point depth.
- 6. a kind of device for suppressing ghosting signal, it is characterised in that described device includes：Seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the marine seismic data of frequency wavenumber domain；Neutralizing factor computing unit, for based on wave detector depth in the seawater, the frequency of the marine seismic data, ripple Number, calculates the ghosting neutralizing factor of frequency wavenumber domain, and the calculation formula of the ghosting neutralizing factor includes：<mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>Re</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>i</mi> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mi>F</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>K</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </msup> </mrow>In formula, G (F, K) be ghosting neutralizing factor in the value of frequency wavenumber domain, F and K are respectively the marine seismic data Frequency and wave number, the reflectance factor of R free interfaces between air and sea, i are imaginary unit, z be wave detector in the seawater Depth, c are seawater speed；Geological data computing unit after compacting, for the sea according to the ghosting neutralizing factor to the frequency wavenumber domain Geological data carries out ghosting signal compression process, obtains the marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal.
- A kind of 7. device for suppressing ghosting signal according to claim 6, it is characterised in that earthquake number after the compacting Include according to computing unit：Marine seismic data after the compacting of ghosting signal is calculated using following formula：<mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>In formula, P (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after compacting ghosting signal, and D (F, K) is that compacting is empty instead The marine seismic data for the frequency wavenumber domain penetrated before signal, G (F, K) are value of the ghosting neutralizing factor in frequency wavenumber domain, White is white noise coefficient.
- 8. the device of a kind of compacting ghosting signal according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that described device is also wrapped Include：Fourier inversion unit, for entering to the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain after the compacting ghosting signal Row two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, generate the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field after compacting ghosting signal.
- A kind of 9. device of compacting ghosting signal according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that the geological data Acquiring unit, including：When depth domain seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the marine seismic data of temporal-spatial field；Fourier transform unit, for carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform to the marine seismic data of the temporal-spatial field.
- A kind of 10. device for suppressing ghosting signal according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the Fourier transformation Unit includes：The calculation formula that the marine seismic data to the temporal-spatial field carries out two-dimensional Fourier transform includes：D (F, K)=∫ ∫ h (x, t) e-j2π(Ft+Kx)dxdtIn formula, D (F, K) is the marine seismic data of the frequency wavenumber domain before compacting ghosting signal, and h (x, t) is that compacting is empty instead The marine seismic data for the temporal-spatial field penetrated before signal, F and K are respectively the frequency and wave number of marine seismic data, and t and x divide Not Wei marine seismic data longitudinal sampling time and sampled point depth.
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