CN105425043B - The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test method - Google Patents
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105425043B CN105425043B CN201510822232.XA CN201510822232A CN105425043B CN 105425043 B CN105425043 B CN 105425043B CN 201510822232 A CN201510822232 A CN 201510822232A CN 105425043 B CN105425043 B CN 105425043B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test methods.It includes a testing cassete, which is equipped with two metal electrode boards of mutually insulated, and electrode plate spacing is fixed；Sample can be compressed to the briquetting of prescribed volume by setting one in testing cassete, the briquetting is connect with motor-driven constrictor one end, front limit device and rear limiter are provided in the travel paths of the constrictor, which ensures that sample is compressed to prescribed volume by briquetting；The motor is connect by pulsqe distributor with the control terminal for the computer for being connected with display；The testing cassete connects to form test loop by two metal electrode boards with D.C. regulated power supply, high-impedance amplifier；The high-impedance amplifier is connected further to the signal input part of computer, and computer carries out analog-to-digital conversion, and according to fiber assembly volume and fibre density in sample weight, testing cassete, automatic to calculate fiber specific resistance.It has many advantages, such as digital measurement, automatic conpressed fibers sample, and testing range is wide, improves testing efficiency and testing precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fibrous material measuring instrument field, particularly a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test dress of sample
Put and its test method, suitable for chemical fibre mill, textile mills and product quality Bureau of Technical Supervision to control of product quality and
The Electrical of all kinds of new fiber materials and its product is studied by research institution.
Background technology
Textile fabric is mainly formed by atom by Covalent bonding together.Dry fiber does not have free electron, does not lead yet
The ion of electricity, under the action of an external electric field, conductive capability is very low, is a kind of good insulating body, specific resistance is generally very high, especially
The synthetic fibers such as the low terylene of hygroscopicity, acrylic fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibre.During textile process, due to fiber and fiber or fiber and spinning
Close contact and friction between yarn parts cause charge to generate electrostatic in the transfer of body surface, cause that strip is scared, yarn hair
Plumage increases, package build is bad, fiber glue twine parts, Yarn break increases, the problems such as dispersibility shadow is formed on fabric, influence
The wearability of being smoothed out of textile process, the quality of product and fabric.It, can be because of electric discharge if textile material electrostatic pressure is very high
Spark is generated, causes fire, causes serious consequence.In addition, some chemical fibres during processing and manufacturing, can introduce fats
The energy conductive component such as substance, catalyst, emulsifier, moisture enhances the electric conductivity of fiber.Leading with excellent conductive performance
Electric fiber with general fibre is blended that conductive yam is made, be widely used on protective garment, intelligent military uniform and functional clothing.Cause
This, studies fiber specific resistance test device and its test method is significant.
Fiber specific resistance refers to fiber in certain volume, the volume resistance converted by fibre density.Fiber is measured than electricity
The basic skills of resistance is to weigh constant weight short fibre sample, is placed in the testing cassete of predetermined size, and testing cassete both ends are equipped with phase
The two metal plate electrodes mutually to insulate, electrode plate spacing is fixed, and sample is compressed to prescribed volume by constrictor and briquetting,
Fiber samples both ends are subject to voltage, measure the electric current by fiber samples, and sample resistance is obtained and is converted into specific resistance.Due to fiber
The resistance of sample is very high, need to use the electrometer of high input impedance that could measure the electric current.Measuring fiber specific resistance at present is mostly
The YG321 fiber type specific resistance instrument released using the beginning of the eighties in last century, major technique shortcoming are：1st, resistance measurement range
It is small, the test request for developing increasing conductive fiber specific resistance at present can not be met；2nd, after sample is put into testing cassete, according to
Manually fiber samples to prescribed volume, can cause larger survey by visual needle locating in operation rotation crank handle compression verification box
Measure error；3rd, artificial error in reading can be generated with old-fashioned meter pointer instruction resistance value；4th, measuring accuracy is poor, test result reading
It is unstable；5th, measured result is resistance value, need to manually be calculated as specific resistance；6th, chemical-fibres filaments specific resistance test can not be carried out.Cause
This, it is a kind of using near there is an urgent need to develop according to chemical fibre industry production and the test request of scientific research inspection body fiber specific resistance
For digital technology, the tencel ratio electricity that automation is high, resistance measurement range is big and numerical stability and fiber samples compress automatically
Tester is hindered, to improve test result accuracy and testing efficiency.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test methods, main
The defects of being used to overcome present in the above-mentioned prior art, it has digital measurement, automatic conpressed fibers sample and test volume
The advantages that Cheng Guang, improves testing efficiency and testing precision.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample, it is characterised in that：It includes a testing cassete, the testing cassete
Both ends are equipped with two metal electrode boards of mutually insulated, and electrode plate spacing is fixed；Setting one can be by sample pressure in testing cassete
The briquetting of prescribed volume is reduced to, which connect with motor-driven constrictor one end, is set in the travel paths of the constrictor
There are front limit device and rear limiter, which ensures that sample is compressed to prescribed volume by briquetting；The motor passes through pulse point
The control terminal of computer of the orchestration with being connected with display is connect；The testing cassete passes through two metal electrode boards and DC voltage-stabilizing electricity
Source, high-impedance amplifier connect to form test loop；The high-impedance amplifier is connected further to the signal input part of computer.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of the sample, it is characterised in that：The other end connection of the constrictor
Onto a spiral shell block, which is arranged on a screw, and the end of the screw passes through by first gear, synchromesh gear belt and second
The transmission mechanism of gear composition is connect with motor.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of the sample, it is characterised in that：The computer is also associated with printing
Machine.
A kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample, it is characterised in that：It is filled using test as described above
It puts and is tested, comprised the concrete steps that：
A opens the power supply of test device and computer, and the resistance gear of the fiber to be measured of fiber to be measured will be selected after preheating,
Carrying out school zero-sum school after choosing to test device expires, and adjusts test device to electric discharge shelves from the resistance gear chosen after calibration
Position；
B is put into sample to be tested in testing cassete, and is tentatively pushed into briquetting, and then testing cassete is put into test device；
C computers send out pulse signal by pulsqe distributor, driving motor rotation, and enter survey indirectly by constrictor
It tries to push briquetting conpressed fibers sample in box, until reaching the position location of anteposition limit device control, computer stops sending pulse
Signal, fiber samples are in defined impaction state；During this, sample destatics simultaneously anti-；
D is adjusted by the electric discharge gear in test device to the resistance gear chosen, and computer automatically begins to timing, by straight
Regulated power supply is flowed to testing cassete both ends plus voltage, and voltage is converted into through high-impedance amplifier amplification by the electric current of sample, is counted
Calculation machine acquires the voltage value and is converted into resistance value and calculates specific resistance according to the fiber quality of input, fibre density parameter
Afterwards, real-time display is on indicator screen, by preserving test value after confirming preservation or arrival preset time.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of the sample, it is characterised in that：It further includes following steps：
After E preserves test value, computer control constrictor retreats to the position location of initial rear limiter control automatically, simultaneously
Or the resistance gear chosen in test device is being adjusted back into electric discharge gear later, take out testing cassete and sample.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of the sample, it is characterised in that：The resistance gear includes high resistant shelves
Position and low-resistance gear, the high resistant gear and low-resistance gear knob can be tested by high resistant and low-resistance tests knob reselection Specific amounts
Journey；When selecting high resistant gear, D.C. regulated power supply output corresponding high pressure during test；When selecting low-resistance gear, when test, is straight
Flow the corresponding low pressure of regulated power supply output.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of the sample, it is characterised in that：High resistant test knob has 105
Ω~106Ω、106Ω~107Ω、107Ω~108Ω、108Ω~109Ω、109Ω~1010Ω、1010Ω~1011Ω、1011
Ω~1012Ω、1012Ω~1013Ω and 1013Ω~1014Nine grades of ranges of Ω；Low-resistance test knob has 10 Ω~102Ω、102Ω
~103Ω、103Ω~104Ω、104Ω~105Ω、105Ω~106Ω and 106Ω~107Six grades of ranges of Ω.
The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of the sample, it is characterised in that：Selected range is excessive when tested
Or when too small, test device allows operator's gravity treatment by display alarm.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows compared with prior art：
1st, the compression set of fiber assembly sample is accurately controlled using stepper motor, is reduced the visual pointer of hand screw rod and is determined
The measurement error of position.
2nd, instrument resistance measurement ranging from 10 Ω~1014Ω, and traditional instrument is only 106Ω~1013Ω, testing range expand
Instrument can be used for conductive fiber specific resistance and the test of other high resistant fibers after big.
3rd, apparatus measures result is shown using digitlization, reduces the error of meter pointer assignor's part work and part study number, instrument before experiment
Device school zero-sum school is full also to be carried out automatically by computer.Instrument, which is equipped with, can carry out the test port of resistance value measurement and calibration, for than
Have 10 to the measuring resistance of measurement4Ω、108Ω and 1012Ω tri-, and traditional instrument only has 107Ω and 109Ω two, therefore instrument
The orientation ratio of device accuracy of measurement improves a lot to range.
4th, beginning timing time refers to after being compressed to prescribed volume with specific resistance reading timing automatic reading device and sample
Show, can show after sample compression the specific resistance reading change curve that becomes stable at any time.
5th, external long filament specific resistance test device can measure chemical-fibres filaments specific resistance value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the fiber specific resistance test device schematic diagram of the present invention.
In Fig. 1：1-D.C. regulated power supply, 2-testing cassete, 3-sample, 4-briquetting, 5-constrictor, 6-high impedance are put
Big device, 7-spiral shell block, 8-screw, 9-first gear, 10-synchromesh gear belt, 11-second gear, 12-stepper motor,
13-pulsqe distributor, 14-anteposition limit device, 15-rear position limit device, 16-computer, 17-display, 18-printer.
Fig. 2 is babinet stereoscopic schematic diagram.
In Fig. 2：19-babinet, 191-start button, 192-compression button, 193-stop button, 194-button is retracted,
195-high resistant tests knob, 196-low-resistance test knob, 197-calibration knob, 198-test selection knob, 199-power supply
Switch, 1910-test window, 1911-organic glass door.
Specific embodiment
Please refer to Fig.1,2, they are that a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device one of sample of the present invention is preferably implemented
The structure diagram of example.As shown in the figure：It includes a testing cassete 2, which is equipped with two metal electrodes of mutually insulated
Plate, electrode plate spacing are fixed；Sample 3 can be compressed to the briquetting 4 of prescribed volume, the briquetting 4 by setting one in testing cassete 2
5 one end of constrictor driven with motor 12 is connect, and front limit device 14 and rear limiter are provided in the travel paths of the constrictor 5
15, which ensures that sample 3 is compressed to prescribed volume by briquetting 5；The motor 12 is by pulsqe distributor 13 with connecting
The control terminal for having the computer 16 of display 17 connects；The testing cassete 2 passes through two metal electrode boards and D.C. regulated power supply 1, height
The series connection of impedance amplifier 6 forms test loop；The high-impedance amplifier 6 is connected further to the signal input part of computer 16.
As a kind of drive connection mode, the other end of the constrictor 5 is connected on a spiral shell block 7, which sets
On a screw 8, the end of the screw 8 passes through the transmission mechanism that is made of first gear 9, synchromesh gear belt 10 and second gear 11
It is connect with motor 12.Certainly, drive connection mode of the invention can also use other manner, since these connection modes are existing
There is technology, so it will not be repeated.
In addition, the computer 16 is also associated with printer 18.
As shown in Fig. 2, it is the box structure diagram of the apparatus of the present invention with operation panel.Below in conjunction with Fig. 1,2
It elaborates to the application method of test device of the present invention.
What test method of the present invention was realized as follows：
1st, the power supply of fiber specific resistance test device and computer is opened, by the test on instrument panel after preheating half an hour
Selection knob 198 is allocated to high resistant or low-resistance shelves, then calibration knob 197 is allocated to school zero span, 16 automatic zero adjustment of computer, display
Instruction is measured on 17 and is shown as 0, calibration knob 197 is then allocated to full scale shelves, 16 automatic school of computer is expired, surveyed on display 17
Amount instruction is shown as 100, and the calibration knob 197 on instrument panel then is allocated to test shelves, and test selection knob 198, which is allocated to, to be put
Electric shelves.
2nd, portion 15g staple fibres sample 3 is put into testing cassete 2, is pushed into briquetting 4, open organic glass door 1911,
Testing cassete 2 is put into main box 19, closes organic glass door 1911.
3rd, by the start button 191 on instrument panel, computer 16 sends out pulse signal and passes through pulsqe distributor 13, driving
Stepper motor 12 rotates, and constrictor 5 is driven after instrument by gear 9, synchromesh gear belt 10, gear 11, screw 8 and spiral shell block 7
The initial position of 15 control of position limit device starts to be moved to the left, and the constrictor 5 being connected with spiral shell block 7, which enters, pushes pressure in testing cassete 2
4 conpressed fibers sample of block, until reaching the position location that anteposition limit device 14 controls, computer 16 stops sending pulse signal, fine
Dimension sample is in defined impaction state.
4th, by instrument panel test selection knob 198 according to surveyed fabric resistor size by electric discharge shelves be allocated to high resistant or
Low-resistance shelves, computer 16 automatically begin to timing, pass through sample 3 plus voltage to 2 both ends of testing cassete by D.C. regulated power supply 1
Electric current is converted into voltage through the amplification of high-impedance amplifier 6, and computer 16 acquires the voltage value and is converted into resistance value and specific resistance
Afterwards, real-time display is on 17 screen of display.
5th, the high resistant test knob 195 or low-resistance test knob 196 on instrument panel are stirred, selects suitable resistance test
Range shelves, until the resistance data stabilization on display 17 is basically unchanged, by start button 191, computer 16 confirms current electricity
Resistance value calculates and preserves the specific resistance value of sample 3, while the automatic positioning for retreating to initial rear limiter control of constrictor 5 automatically
Position；If the resistance value for encountering sample 3 shows drift variation at any time, etc. computer 16 after 60s as defined in be achieved from
It is dynamic to confirm current resistive value, the specific resistance value of sample 3 is calculated and preserved automatically, while constrictor 5 retreats to initially rear limit automatically
The position location of device control.
6th, test selection knob 198 is allocated to electric discharge shelves, opens organic glass door 1911, taking-up is positioned in babinet 19
Testing cassete 2 closes organic glass door 1911, the briquetting 4 and fiber samples 3 in testing cassete 2 is then taken out, inside testing cassete 2
Cleaning treatment, in case next time, experiment was used.
7th, step (2)-(6) are repeated, test second part of 15g fiber samples.
8th, the test sample number according to needed for experiment, computer 16 calculate and preserve test result and its statistical value automatically.
Apparatus of the present invention and method are when carrying out specific resistance test and calculating, it then follows method is calculated as below：
The resistance R of known conductor is directly proportional to the length l of conductor and the sectional area S of conductor is inversely proportional.
In formula：pvFor volume resistivity (Ω cm).
Therefore fiber volume specific resistance can calculate as follows：
Since fiber is very thin, single test is more difficult, and actual test volume resistivity puts the fiber assembly of constant weight
Enter in rectangular box and carry out, two flat metal pole plates, shared parallel plate electrode face after fiber assembly compression are placed in rectangular box
Product is S, and two parallel plate electrode spacing are l, when calculating volume resistivity by above formula, to be surveyed since there are gaps, fiber between fiber
The area for trying practical pole plate shared in box is not S, but Sf, wherein f are fill factor, can be calculated by following formula：
In formula：VTThe volume of testing cassete where fiber；VfActual volume for fiber；M is fiber quality；D is close for fiber
Degree.
So the volume resistivity of fiber can be expressed as：
If the polar plate area S units for testing box are cm2, when l units are cm, PvUnit is Ω cm.Work as S=1cm2, l
During=1cm, volume resistivity is electric current by fiber volume when being 1cm3 resistance.
Test voltage in the present invention is 100V and two grades of 1V, when test selection knob 198 is allocated to high resistant shelves, test voltage
For 100V, high resistant test knob 195 has 9 resistance test range shelves may be selected, resistance measurement range：105Ω~1014Ω；When
When test selection knob 198 is allocated to low-resistance shelves, test voltage 1V, low-resistance test knob 196 has 6 resistance test range shelves can
Selection, resistance measurement range：10 Ω~107Ω。
There are four knob on instrument panel, wherein, high resistant test knob has 105Ω~106Ω、106Ω~107Ω、
107Ω~108Ω、108Ω~109Ω、109Ω~1010Ω、1010Ω~1011Ω、1011Ω~1012Ω、1012Ω~1013
Ω and 1013Ω~1014Nine grades of ranges of Ω；Low-resistance test knob has 10 Ω~102Ω、102Ω~103Ω、103Ω~104Ω、
104Ω~105Ω、105Ω~106Ω and 106Ω~107Six grades of ranges of Ω.When selected range is excessive or too small when tested, survey
Trial assembly is put allows operator's gravity treatment by display alarm.Calibration knob 197 has school zero, full scale and test third gear；Test selection rotation
Button 198 has high resistant, electric discharge and low-resistance third gear.
Finally, it is necessary to illustrate again, it is all to have usually intellectual's reason in technical field it will be appreciated that such detailed
Illustrate the embodiment cited with the present invention, be only suitable for the structure for illustrating the present invention and it is to be reached the effect of rather than to limit
The scope of the claim of the present invention, other equivalent elements, component, object, the replacement of structure or device or variation, also should
Covered by the claim of this case.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample, it is characterised in that：It includes a testing cassete (2), the test
Box (2) both ends are equipped with two metal electrode boards of mutually insulated, and electrode plate spacing is fixed；Setting one can in testing cassete (2)
Sample (3) is compressed to the briquetting (4) of prescribed volume, which connect with constrictor (5) one end that motor (12) drives,
Front limit device (14) and rear limiter (15) are provided in the travel paths of the constrictor (5), which ensures to press
Sample (3) is compressed to prescribed volume by block (4)；The motor (12) is by pulsqe distributor (13) and is connected with display (17)
Computer (16) control terminal connection；The testing cassete (2) passes through two metal electrode boards and D.C. regulated power supply (1), high impedance
Amplifier (6) series connection forms test loop；The high-impedance amplifier (6) is connected further to the signal input of computer (16)
End.
2. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The constrictor
(5) the other end is connected on a spiral shell block (7), which is arranged on a screw (8), and the end of the screw (8) passes through
The transmission mechanism being made of first gear (9), synchromesh gear belt (10) and second gear (11) is connect with motor (12).
3. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The computer
(16) it is also associated with printer (18).
4. a kind of automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample, it is characterised in that：It is using such as claims 1 or 2 or 3 institutes
The test device stated is tested, and is comprised the concrete steps that：
A opens the power supply of test device and computer, and the resistance gear that will select fiber to be measured after preheating passes through calculating after choosing
Machine carries out test device in school zero-sum school automatically expires, and adjusts test device to electric discharge shelves from the resistance gear chosen after calibration
Position；
B is put into sample to be tested in testing cassete, and is tentatively pushed into briquetting, and then testing cassete is put into test device；
C computers send out pulse signal by pulsqe distributor, driving motor rotation, and enter testing cassete indirectly by constrictor
Interior promotion briquetting conpressed fibers sample, until reaching the position location of anteposition limit device control, computer stops sending pulse signal,
Fiber samples are in defined impaction state；During this, sample destatics simultaneously anti-；
D is adjusted by the electric discharge gear in test device to the resistance gear chosen, and computer automatically begins to timing, steady by direct current
Voltage source, plus voltage, voltage, computer is converted by the electric current of sample to testing cassete both ends through high-impedance amplifier amplification
It is real after acquiring the voltage value and being converted into resistance value and calculate specific resistance according to the fiber quality of input, fibre density parameter
When be shown on indicator screen, by confirm preserve or reach preset time after preserve test value.
5. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It further include as
Lower step：
After E preserves test value, computer control constrictor retreat to automatically it is initial after limiter control position location, while or it
The resistance gear chosen in test device is adjusted back into electric discharge gear again afterwards, takes out testing cassete and sample.
6. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The resistance gear
Including high resistant gear and low-resistance gear, the high resistant gear and low-resistance gear can again be selected by high resistant test knob and low-resistance test knob
Select specific range；When selecting high resistant gear, D.C. regulated power supply output corresponding high pressure during test；When selecting low-resistance gear,
D.C. regulated power supply output corresponding low pressure during test.
7. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The high resistant is tested
Knob has 105Ω~106Ω、106Ω~107Ω、107Ω~108Ω、108Ω~109Ω、109Ω~1010Ω、1010Ω
~1011Ω、1011Ω~1012Ω、1012Ω~1013Ω and 1013Ω~1014Nine grades of ranges of Ω；Low-resistance test knob has 10 Ω
~102Ω、102Ω~103Ω、103Ω~104Ω、104Ω~105Ω、105Ω~106Ω and 106Ω~107Six grades of amounts of Ω
Journey.
8. the automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test method of sample according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Institute when tested
When selecting range excessive or is too small, test device allows operator's gravity treatment by display alarm.
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| CN201510822232.XA CN105425043B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510822232.XA CN105425043B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | The automatic conpressed fibers specific resistance test device of sample and its test method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106501607A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-15 | 天津工业大学 | Fiber ratio resistance tester |
| CN106405243B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2023-04-11 | 常州市华纺纺织仪器有限公司 | Digital fiber specific resistance testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN109115648B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2023-12-12 | 东华大学 | Method for testing moisture absorption and heat generation performances of fibers |
| CN109728744B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-02-21 | 南京工程学院 | Fiber pushing-out device based on laminated piezoelectric ceramic and working method thereof |
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