CN105422102A - Small-section access-filling mining method adopting vertical medium-depth hole blasting - Google Patents
Small-section access-filling mining method adopting vertical medium-depth hole blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105422102A CN105422102A CN201510985876.0A CN201510985876A CN105422102A CN 105422102 A CN105422102 A CN 105422102A CN 201510985876 A CN201510985876 A CN 201510985876A CN 105422102 A CN105422102 A CN 105422102A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method employing sublevel filling during medium-depth holes blasting in stoping accesses. Top-bottom sectionalized drilling drifts in the same stoping access are aligned; vertical medium-depth holes are drilled in the top sectionalized drilling drift during stoping; millisecond blasting is adopted so as to reduce the explosive consumption for one time; periphery holes of the top sectionalized drilling drift and vertical side holes of two sides of the stoping access are subjected to smooth blasting; a local unstable area of a support plate is supported in time, so that the access top plate and the two sides of a mined-out area after blasting are flat and smooth; the phenomenon that large blocks overhang and protruding of the side walls is avoided; meanwhile, small sections and arched support plates are adopted, and broken ores left in the field balance the deformation of the two sides of the mined-out area, so that the ground pressure of the mined-out area is managed in a reasonable and economical way. The powerful safety guarantee is provided for carry-scrapers when the carry-scrapers enter the mined-out area and carry the ores. According to the mining method, the layout is simple and feasible, the operation efficiency is high, and the ratio of drifting meters over mining tonnages and the stoping cost are low. The mining method is easy to popularize in small and medium-sized non-ferrous metal mines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal mine underground mining technologies, especially the route type method of mining by the way of filling.
Background technology
Driling explosion operating personnel long working in the space that top board exposed area is larger is avoided to be prevention Stope roof fall side falling accident, to ensure that mining safety produces the most effective method.On little to route type method of mining by the way of filling Stope roof exposed area, but it is large that it adopts accurate engineering quantity, erection filling counterfort is many, mining efficiency is low, and Tight filling difficulty and be difficult to use in part mine, the method is applicable to be worth higher, that grade is richer ore body back production, higher for its mining cost general nonferrous metal mine, is unfavorable for controlling cost.And although sublevel cut and fill method it also avoid the mode of driling explosion operating personnel operation in the environment that top board exposed area is larger, but it adopts fanhole(s), upper and lower sublevel drilling tunnel cross is arranged, Stope roof pole out-of-flatness after bursting work, crag inversion phenomenon is general, tap that operation is difficult to carry out, constitute threat to the safety of the personnel such as the scraper driver of follow-up ore removal operation.VCR method adopts large diameter, deep borehole to carry out spheroidal charging blasting in groups to fall ore deposit, it is long-pending large that back production terminates the empty upper of rear mineral building, poor to general ore body for steadiness, very easily produce large area wall caving, in more complicated for middle-size and small-size Nonferrous Mine Enterprises, non-high-dipping ore block and the change of rock border, ore deposit, squat is difficult to be suitable for.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is: provide that a kind of that driling explosion operating personnel can either be made to be in exposed area is less and carried out the top board operation of effective support, has to adopt that accurate engineering quantity is little, filling counterfort is few, mining efficiency is high, without the need to Tight filling, the filling mining method above ore body of various medium pitch to adaptability simultaneously.
Vertical medium-length hole ore blast subsection access back-filling method of the present invention, the vertical orebody trend of sublevel drilling tunnel 3, extracting drift 4 and ore pillar 5 is arranged, sublevel drilling tunnel 3 is wide 3 ~ 5 meters, high 2 ~ 3 meters, ore pillar 5 width 3 ~ 5 meters, segmentation connection roadway 7 is arranged along orebody trend, and ore pass 9 and return air filling well 6 are positioned at segmentation connection roadway 7 lower wall and arrange, height of lift 5 ~ 8 meters.
Above-mentioned mining codes, along on the side of orebody trend, drilling drift 3 alignment of upper and lower two segmentations, the width of upper segment drilling drift is not less than the width of bottom extracting drift 4, all sublevel drilling tunnels 3 all need to carry out smooth blasting when tunneling, and must carry out bolting with wire mesh to local.
Above-mentioned mining codes, medium-length hole 2 in each extracting drift 4 is arranged vertically, wherein the medium-length hole 2 on limit is helped to be light blast hole by route two, hole depth is height of lift, and route 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes of meeting head on adopt spheroidal charging blasting in groups to form slot raises, and all the other big gun holes adopt linear cartridge bag explosion, each big gun Delay between holes detonates, single falls after ore deposit detonates, adopt ore removal equipment transport quick-fried fall ore 1/3, all the other ores are waited until all bursting works in this route and are once cleared complete after terminating.
Above-mentioned mining codes, in each segmentation, after wall scroll drift stoping terminates, at opening part erection filling counterfort 8 and the drainage facility carry out tailing cemented filling of lower segment drilling drift 3, filling pipe route level haulage tunnel 10 enters upper segment connection roadway 7 and sublevel drilling tunnel 3 through return air filling well 6, and the mouth of pipe is fixed on helping of upper segment drilling drift and carries out tailing cemented filling, extracting drift obturation uniaxial compressive strength should not be less than 2MPa, moisture content should not be greater than 15%, and Self-standing height is not less than 10 meters; After ore pillar 5 back production, cement plane uniaxial compressive strength should meet ore removal equipment service requirement.
Above-mentioned mining codes, ore pillar 5 carries out back production again after extracting drift 4 back production terminates, and stoping scheme is consistent with the stoping scheme of extracting drift 4.
Above-mentioned mining codes, construct according to the following step:
The first step, on stope, construction sublevel drilling tunnel 3 is coiled by segmentation connection roadway 7, after all constructing and terminate in the sublevel drilling tunnel 3 that upper and lower two segmentations are corresponding, use the medium-length hole 2 that medium-length hole rig Drilling is vertical, drilling sequences retreats construction for being met head on by route to segmentation connection roadway;
Second step, settles spheroidal charging in front 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes, and blasting in groups forms slot raise, then all the other each artillery salvo holes 2 adopt linear cartridge bag successively to detonate, after detonating, transport 1/3 of Caving System amount, all the other ores once transport after whole blasting work completes at every turn;
3rd step, after in each segmentation, the back production of single extracting drift 4 terminates, at route entrance erection filling counterfort 8 and drainage facility, filling pipe is introduced upper segment connection roadway 7 and sublevel drilling tunnel 3 by level haulage tunnel 10 through return air filling well 6, start packing job;
4th step, after the extracting drift back production of all segmentations in stope terminates, starts the stoping operation carrying out ore pillar 5; The segmentation connection roadway 7 of constructing during utilization extracting drift back production in early stage during pillar recovery, ore pass 9, return air filling well 6 directly construction sublevel drilling tunnel 3, all the other stoping operation operations are identical with the back production of extracting drift 4.
Feature of the present invention:
(1) in segmentation connection roadway, arrange the sublevel drilling tunnel of a capwise every 3 ~ 5 meters along orebody trend, upper and lower sublevel drilling tunnel alignment on across pitch side, construct to web circle on ore body from segmentation connection roadway in sublevel drilling tunnel, during construction, segmentation drilling drift top board is arch, periphery hole adopts smooth blasting, carries out bolting with wire mesh in time after driving to the top board below moderately stable.
(2) after all construct and terminate in upper and lower sublevel drilling tunnel, to vertical centering control deep hole under Drilling is met head in sublevel drilling tunnel, hole depth is height of lift, explosion width is not more than sublevel drilling span length, settle spheroidal charging detonating repeatedly to fall ore deposit to form segmentation slot raise in front 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes, all the other big gun holes settle line style cartridge bag successively to detonate, and adopt millisecond detonating method to control single explosive quantity between each hole, retrusive falls ore deposit, wherein near two help lateral opening be light blast hole.
(3) transport the broken ore of about 1/3 after every separate explosion with scraper, all the other ores are concentrated and are transported after the whole explosion of whole extracting drift terminates.Staying the ore deposit of field to pile except making ensuing blast operation be formed except tight-face blasting, goaf crag distortion and wall caving can also be controlled temporarily, simultaneously in ore removal process, ore deposit can be utilized to pile and carry out immediate support as the fragmentation side wall of job platform to exposure.
(4) after in single route, ore all transports, at opening part erection filling counterfort and the drainage facility of lower segment drilling drift, filling pipe is introduced upper sublevel drilling tunnel through return air filling well and segmentation connection roadway and carries out tailing-filled operation, during requirement drift stoping, strength of filling mass is not less than 2MPa, moisture content is not more than 15%, and Self-standing height is not less than 10 meters.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) adopt accurate engineering quantity little, arrange simple.
Adopt subsection medium-length hole ore blast, adopt accurate engineering quantity, filling counterfort quantity and length of pipe etc. and greatly reduce compared with slice drift method, the layout of segmentation connection roadway and rock drilling route is simple and clear, and mining and filling process simply, are beneficial to organism of production.
(2) little, the flat smooth of extracting drift top board exposed area and be easy to supporting, operating environment safe coefficient is high.
Epimere rock drilling Roof of access road is as the top board of whole extracting drift, namely smooth blasting is carried out at the beginning of construction, top board is made to be domes, flat smooth, reasonable stress, and support reinforcement can be carried out in advance, avoid rock drilling, explosion, the ore removal operating personnel security risk that operation exists under the top board that exposed area is larger.
(3) medium-length hole operation, concentrating mining, production capacity is large.
Adopt vertical centering control deep hole blasting, boring direction, the degree of depth are easy to control, and cloth hole is simple, and bursting work efficiency is high.Main employing concentrating mining mode, Drift stoping production capacity is larger.
(4) stoping cost is low
The present invention adopts subsection to design, and comparatively slice drift filling method significantly reduces and adopts accurate engineering quantity, adopts medium-length hole ore blast simultaneously, and single explosion rock yield is large, and concentrating mining, operating efficiency is high, and unit volume ore stoping cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is left view of the present invention.
detailed description of the invention:
The vertical centering control deep hole subsection route method for arranging constructure scheme that the present invention proposes is as follows:
(1) stope is adopted and is cut:
Segmentation connection roadway and rock drilling route are all positioned on Stope sill pillar, segmentation connection roadway is apart from 5 ~ 8 meters, Kuang Yan border, chassis, segmentation connection roadway driving is to certain position, tunnel the ore pass of through bottom level haulage gallery and the return air filling well of through top level haulage gallery, then the larger sublevel drilling tunnel of driving the ratio of width to height is upwards coiled every 3 ~ 5 meters by the vertical orebody trend of segmentation connection roadway, during sublevel drilling tunnelling, periphery hole should adopt smooth blasting, and need in the drilling drift top board of top built on the sand region carry out bolting with wire mesh.
(2) driling explosion
Namely to start after upper and lower sublevel drilling tunnel prepares to terminate in upper segment drilling drift under Drilling to vertical centering control deep hole, hole depth is height of lift, explosion width is not more than sublevel drilling span length, spheroidal charging detonating repeatedly is settled to fall ore deposit to form segmentation slot raise in front 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes, all the other big gun holes settle line style cartridge bag successively to detonate, adopt millisecond detonating method to control single explosive quantity between each hole, retrusive falls ore deposit.
(3) ore deposit and the rock drilling sequence of operation is filled
Transport the Caved orebody of about 1/3 after every separate explosion with scraper, all the other ores are concentrated and are transported after the whole explosion of whole segmentation route terminates.Staying the ore deposit of field to pile except making ensuing blast ore body be formed except tight-face blasting, goaf crag distortion and wall caving can also be controlled temporarily.While lower segment drilling drift carries out ore removal operation, synchronously can carry out rock drilling operation, be independent of each other in upper segment drilling drift, therefore driling explosion operation can be carried out by continuous circulation.
(4) stope ventilation
Because ore removal and rock drilling are operation in dead face in the present invention, therefore need to carry out portable blower forced ventilation, dirty wind is distinguished and admirable imports top return air channel by upper segment drilling drift through segmentation connection roadway and filling well.The fresh distinguished and admirable Bottom of Stope rear path that arrives from air intake lane is: level haulage lane → ramp and connecting taxiway → segmentation connection roadway → sublevel drilling tunnel.Dirty wind path footpath is: sublevel drilling tunnel → segmentation connection roadway → return air filling well → main return airway → returnairshaft → earth's surface.
(5) stope filling
After in single route, ore all transports, at opening part erection filling counterfort and the drainage facility of lower segment drilling drift, filling pipe is introduced upper sublevel drilling tunnel through filling well and segmentation connection roadway and carries out tailing-filled operation, during requirement drift stoping, strength of filling mass is not less than 2MPa, moisture content is not more than 15%, and Self-standing height is not less than 10 meters.
The invention discloses the mining methods applying medium-length hole ore blast sublevel fill stoping in extracting drift.The drilling drift alignment of upper and lower segmentation in same extracting drift, during back production in upper segment drilling drift Drilling vertical centering control deep hole, and adopt short-delay blasting to reduce single explosive quantity.Because the periphery hole of upper segment drilling drift and extracting drift two are helped vertically lateral openingly to implement smooth blasting, and in time supporting has been carried out in region built on the sand to top board local, therefore after explosion, flat smooth is helped in Roof of access road and goaf two, hang by the feet without bulk and the outstanding phenomenon helping wall, simultaneously owing to adopting subsection and arch top board, stay a broken ore to balance goaf two and help distortion, therefore goaf underground pressure management is rationally economical, carries out scraper ore provide strong safety guarantee for scraper enters goaf.On the other hand program layout is simple, operating efficiency is high, pick adopt than low, stoping cost is low, be easy to promote at medium and small nonferrous metal mine.
Claims (6)
1. a vertical medium-length hole ore blast subsection access back-filling method, is characterized in that:
The vertical orebody trend of sublevel drilling tunnel (3), extracting drift (4) and ore pillar (5) is arranged, sublevel drilling tunnel (3) is wide 3 ~ 5 meters, high 2 ~ 3 meters, ore pillar (5) width 3 ~ 5 meters, segmentation connection roadway (7) is arranged along orebody trend, ore pass (9) and return air filling well (6) are positioned at segmentation connection roadway (7) lower wall and arrange, height of lift 5 ~ 8 meters.
2. mining codes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Along on the side of orebody trend, drilling drift (3) alignment of upper and lower two segmentations, the width of upper segment drilling drift is not less than the width of bottom extracting drift (4), all needs to carry out smooth blasting during all sublevel drilling tunnel (3) drivings, and must carry out bolting with wire mesh to local.
3. mining codes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Medium-length hole (2) in each extracting drift (4) is arranged vertically, wherein the medium-length hole (2) on limit is helped to be light blast hole by route two, hole depth is height of lift, route 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes of meeting head on adopt spheroidal charging blasting in groups to form slot raises, all the other big gun holes adopt linear cartridge bag explosion, and each big gun Delay between holes detonates, and single falls after ore deposit detonates, adopt ore removal equipment transport quick-fried fall ore 1/3, all the other ores are waited until all bursting works in this route and are once cleared complete after terminating.
4. mining codes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In each segmentation, after wall scroll drift stoping terminates, at opening part erection filling counterfort (8) and the drainage facility carry out tailing cemented filling of lower segment drilling drift (3), filling pipe route level haulage tunnel (10) enters upper segment connection roadway (7) and sublevel drilling tunnel (3) through return air filling well (6), and the mouth of pipe is fixed on helping of upper segment drilling drift and carries out tailing cemented filling, extracting drift obturation uniaxial compressive strength should not be less than 2MPa, moisture content should not be greater than 15%, and Self-standing height is not less than 10 meters; After ore pillar (5) back production, cement plane uniaxial compressive strength should meet ore removal equipment service requirement.
5. mining codes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Ore pillar (5) carries out back production again after extracting drift (4) back production terminates, and the stoping scheme of the same extracting drift of stoping scheme (4) is consistent.
6. mining codes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that constructing according to the following step:
The first step, on stope, construction sublevel drilling tunnel (3) is coiled by segmentation connection roadway (7), after all constructing and terminate in the sublevel drilling tunnel (3) that upper and lower two segmentations are corresponding, use the medium-length hole (2) that medium-length hole rig Drilling is vertical, drilling sequences retreats construction for being met head on by route to segmentation connection roadway;
Second step, settles spheroidal charging in front 3 ~ 5 artillery salvo holes, and blasting in groups forms slot raise, then all the other each artillery salvo holes (2) adopt linear cartridge bag successively to detonate, after detonating, transport 1/3 of Caving System amount, all the other ores once transport after whole blasting work completes at every turn;
3rd step, after in each segmentation, single extracting drift (4) back production terminates, at route entrance erection filling counterfort (8) and drainage facility, filling pipe is introduced upper segment connection roadway (7) and sublevel drilling tunnel (3) by level haulage tunnel (10) through return air filling well (6), starts packing job;
4th step, after the extracting drift back production of all segmentations in stope terminates, starts the stoping operation carrying out ore pillar (5); Utilize segmentation connection roadway (7), ore pass (9), the return air filling well (6) direct construction sublevel drilling tunnel (3) of constructing during extracting drift back production in early stage during pillar recovery, all the other stoping operation operations are identical with the back production of extracting drift (4).
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105927228A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-09-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic setting type mining method for vertical broken ore body |
| CN107130962A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body |
| CN112160753A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 牌洪坤 | Roadway tunneling mining method taking gold-steel sand line cutting as premise |
| CN112502709A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-16 | 中南大学 | Pre-control top intelligent mining method for vertical medium-length hole VCR ore breaking and immediate filling after explosion |
| CN114000879A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-01 | 中南大学 | High-capacity high-efficiency shallow hole ore breaking process suitable for thick and large ore body |
| CN114674185A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-28 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | High and large stope contour control blasting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105927228A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-09-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Automatic setting type mining method for vertical broken ore body |
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| CN112160753A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 牌洪坤 | Roadway tunneling mining method taking gold-steel sand line cutting as premise |
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| CN114000879A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-01 | 中南大学 | High-capacity high-efficiency shallow hole ore breaking process suitable for thick and large ore body |
| CN114674185A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-28 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | High and large stope contour control blasting method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105422102B (en) | 2018-03-02 |
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