CN1054173C - Improvements to building construction methods and means - Google Patents
Improvements to building construction methods and means Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054173C CN1054173C CN 92112785 CN92112785A CN1054173C CN 1054173 C CN1054173 C CN 1054173C CN 92112785 CN92112785 CN 92112785 CN 92112785 A CN92112785 A CN 92112785A CN 1054173 C CN1054173 C CN 1054173C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a broad sheet pile (1) formed by metal plates or folding or molding a plurality of metal plates or jointing panel standard parts for building buildings. The sheet pile (1) has a wavy contour, and is provided with an upper web (3) and a lower web (4) which are formed by connecting an oblique wing edge (5); fasteners (6), (7) are arranged on the opposite sides of the sheet pile to connect the sheet pile with adjoining sheet piles. The sheet pile (1) can also be provided with a side stiffening rib or a plurality of stiffening ribs (30). The present invention also discloses a pile driver for driving the sheet pile (1).
Description
The present invention is about the improvement of building and building worker and construction method and material, especially about being used for the sheet pile of ground supporting and building site draining.
Sheet pile has the history that surpasses two a century in the use of builing industry, for example, is used for supporting and excavates, and forms cross section and firm slope land etc.Sheet pile can be the structure of freely standing to be used, or with tie rod, pillar, or earth anchor and using.Be pressed in the ground pressure of sheet pile and underground waterpower along sheet pile vertically and lateral dispersion, make the flexural strength of sheet pile become the principal element in the sheet pile design.
The tradition sheet pile be by hot rolling die (5mm is thick) manufacture " unit " profile, it is borrowed the interlocking joint to link and forms compound structure.Since 1933, used once that thin (steel plate of t≤5mm) through cold forming or the cold rolling lightweight pattern of making the conventional panels stake, and is developed multiple lightweight sheet pile.Some purposes was also once used pleating or waveform profiles is made the lightweight sheet pile.
Sheet pile can be divided into two types, expression:
(a) traditional sheet pile of forming by one or two basic bendings (t＞5mm), with make tool U or Z profile narrow (sheet pile of ws＜600mm), this sheet pile is by the binding of interlocking joint, to make profiled outline repetition and/or that section is darker; And
(b) (t≤5mm), wherein t is a material thickness, and w is the effective width of sheet pile to repeat the lightweight sheet pile formed across wideer plate (w=400 to 800mm) by pleating, corrugated or trapezoidal profile.
Existing sheet pile types in structural capacity, lateral stability, joint design, drive an ability, make and aspects such as structure obtain compromise compromise.Sheet pile types can be by being classified as profiled outline parameter d, f, i, w, n and t and full board parameter Ws, the N that hereinafter further defines.
The tradition sheet pile is made single " U " or " Z " profile usually, borrows the joint between sheet pile to connect, and makes a symmetrical profiled outline.In driven piles in these asymmetric sheet pile unit with duration of load produce eccentric load can (t＞5mm) the heavier structure of sheet pile be held by tradition.Though (t≤5mm) sheet pile must be configured as a symmetrical profiled outline to lightweight, sheet pile is being driven piles and duration of load generation eccentric load so that avoid.So, must form complete profile in each sheet pile, comprise mating system.(on the t≤5mm), distribute across the lateral load of sheet pile is a factor of restriction overall size and effective width to the lightweight sheet pile.This two requirement becomes key factor in the profiled outline size of restriction lightweight sheet pile.
The planform of the profiled outline that sheet pile adopts can when the web gradient be relevant to the f/d of profiled outline depth d with flange width f.These parameters meet, and can determine the particular range of the structural performance of sheet pile.The tradition sheet pile adopts limited flange width f scope, causes f/d than descending gradually with the increase of section depth d, in other words:
The degree of depth (mm) is ratio (f)/(d)
＜120 1.6＜f/d＜4.0
120＜d＜250 0.8＜f/d＜2.4
250＜d＜450 0.5＜f/d＜1.5
450＜d does not have example
(shallow (so profile of d＜100mm) is the scope that has wide f/d to compare because of used for the sheet pile of t≤5mm) for lightweight.Web gradient i is with respect to the f/d ratio, reflect be f/d than with the limit of section depth d.
The effective width ws of the lateral stiffness of sheet pile and strength control sheet pile and thickness t.Investigate width that typical sheet pile system demonstrates traditional sheet pile to the ws/t of thickness than in 20 to 140 scope.(t≤5mm) ws/t of sheet pile compares in 40 to 190 scopes lightweight." specification for structure " is limited to 60 to 100 than adding on all to ws/t, though the web section of girder steel allows that the ws/t ratio reaches to 180.Higher ratio ws/t＞100 o'clock, steel work ran into lateral strength and stability two problems.
The sheet pile of broad (ws=800mm, ws/t＞1500) is gone into good ground condition even sheet pile supports shallow cut pick (4m), bears in the excessive rotational deformation (δ/w＞0.1) of the shifted laterally (δ) of sheet pile edge generation 80 to 100mm.So, using then additional ws/t ratio in integral body is 150 restriction, lacks lateral stiffness and stable problem to prevent.In addition, corrugated plate is carried out cripping test show: in case the ws/t ratio surpasses 150, then the load across the transmission of lightweight sheet pile becomes and can ignore.So, because of the plate edge " curls ", the outside corrugated to vertical flexural strength do not have contribute.These tests confirm that various " specification for structures " proposed ws/t ratio is limited to 100 to 150.
The overall integrity of sheet pile system also with mating system, drive an ability and the on-the-spot impermeability of driving piles relevant.This three factor is non-usually through design, and requires to get with the field experience development by making.
The mating system of using along the sheet pile edge can be divided into simple and easy " overlapping " joint, " hook is arranged " joint and " interlocking " joint.((in the sheet pile of t≤5mm), this joint all forms its profiled outline part of the whole for t＞5mm) and lightweight in tradition.(t＞5mm) sheet pile uses " interlocking " joint based on " pawl-grab " design that is molded into the die edge to tradition.This joint accounts for a certain proportion of material (5 to 15%), and does not increase the overall width of sheet pile.The joint position is at the sheet pile edge of a wing or web.Some adapter systems reverse the sheet pile section to produce the sheet pile profile of " double " degree of depth.
Adjoin any the freeing between sheet pile, all can destroy the overall integrity of sheet pile, cause the damage of sheet pile.Power on the conventional panels pile joint/move and can be divided into:
(a) pulling force/mobile (Ft), it occurs as because due to the curvature and/or uneven soil/underground waterpower of sheet pile bending, sheet pile position line;
(6) compressive force/mobile (Fc), it occurs as because due to the sheet pile bending of concave surface position line or corner; And
(c) mainly because of uneven soil or underground water load and from any pulling force/mobile outside power (Ft) in the sheet pile plane that second order effect caused.In " wideer " (w＞800) and darker " on the profile of (d＞300), sizable compressive force/pulling force can be by on sheet pile and appear at across the joint across the load distribution of sheet pile.These lateral loads become the limiting factor on the profile of sheet pile (w/t＞100) of " wideer " and " lighter ".Under these active forces, the suitability of each mating system can vary widely, and only has " pawl-grab " interlocking joint of traditional sheet pile to contain the strong-mobile condition of institute.
The mating system that the lightweight sheet pile adopts is comparatively loose, and the bending of invar plate retrains then clearance and surpasses 5mm.During driving piles, must when putting another sheet pile, will open the chip that joint fills up and remove.The obturator of this kind joint rail causes that joint opens, and causes sheet pile to be freed.The lightweight sheet pile (do not stipulate limiting lightweight (the sheet pile profile width of sheet pile of t≤5mm) (w＜500mm) and the degree of depth (d＜100mm) across compressive force/pulling force that sheet pile occurs by the mating system that t≤5mm) adopts.Since thistle board stake in 1933 is come out, owing to do not have suitable mating system thereby damaged the integrality of lightweight sheet pile.
Usually use and impact or the vibro driver sheet piling.Tradition sheet pile (t＞5mm) apply piling power via impact block and the jaw structure that designs for normal piling bar usually.The pile driver that is used for dozen lightweight sheet pile is limited to the light equipment that uses pile cap plate and/or profile jaw, and (Qd＜100kN), wherein Qd is the power of dynamically driving piles.
Studies show that narrow ((t≤5mm) piling of sheet pile is limit by the compression of sheet pile and buckling effect the lightweight of ws＜600mm).Injection degree of wearing slows down (" resistance ") and structural fatigue begins to occur causing the Periapical destruction of stake in case take place piling power to raise fast, the lateral stability problem then occurs.Though the smooth attenuating piling power of pile driver jaw, sheet pile just reaches too early resistance degree on the more shallow degree of depth.Even it is higher to beat stress, jump bit also can't overcome these problems.
Use the piling problem of lightweight sheet pile, Qd is additional to equal the restriction of 100kN dynamic force, corresponding to " small-sized " vibro driver to piling power.This dynamic force makes " narrower " that (ws＜600mm) the lightweight sheet pile is driven into the degree of depth of (8m) rationally.Yet, " broad " (ws=800mm) sheet pile only can be driven into the shallow degree of depth (＜5m), surpass this degree of depth, need do on-the-spot completely prepare or prebored hole reduces pile driving resistance.
Many lightweight sheet piles have been combined with secondary corrugated in the profiled outline edge of a wing.Attempt to be received in the off-centre piling power that occurs in the sheet pile for this corrugated.(＜0.5 * d) is limited to section depth partly to secondary corrugated the degree of depth.Yet the stiffness on this edge of a wing, except shallow profiled outline (the d＜80mm), still unresolved eccentric load or drive a problem.
The lightweight sheet pile has flexible, thereby in the piling process, sheet pile easily departs from position line and vacillates.In moderate to strong piling condition, the distortion of sheet pile profile, (mating system of sheet pile " fragility " of t≤5mm) then can be freed with previous sheet pile because of lightweight.In case sheet pile effective width ws surpasses 600mm, these effects become and discover easily, and ((sheet pile of ws＞800mm), ratio ± 100mm is also poor for the piling tolerance for D＜7m), broad for long.Narrower (the lightweight sheet pile of ws＞600mm), though the interlocking joint growing on (D=7m) sheet pile, also can reach rational piling tolerance (± 25mm).
Sheet pile departs from position line gradually vacillates and is difficult to differentiate, there is no the final position line that any method can be inspected sheet pile before excavating.This position line problem hinders lightweight sheet pile with should be in permanent works, and replenishes lightweight (t≤5mm) the added restriction of the profiled outline of sheet pile (w and ws＜600mm).
Lateral force on the sheet pile is mainly decided according to the groundwater pressure in soil, sheet pile rear.So, groundwater pressure usually can because of from the sheet pile profile and the accumulation of the internal stress of the inner lateral load that occurs damage the wide (lightweight of ws＞the 800mm) (integrality of sheet pile of t≤5mm).These load produce and rotatablely move and buckling effect, make profile deflection and the sheet pile joint is opened.Normal running need be set up side gutter, dark (＞10m) well or shallow (8m) well point.These measures require sheet pile to have suitable watertightness, so that water can be drained into gutter or well, but not send via the joint of sheet pile.Yet, underground water is taken out down, can lure the surface settlement at sheet pile rear into.This kind keeps groundwater table, with conflicting of control groundwater pressure, can seriously hinder the lightweight (t≤5mm) use of sheet pile.
(the joint rail that t＞5mm) sheet pile is heavier provides joint quite closely to tradition, and it can be gradually with joint filling or rubber sealant sealing.Yet (t≤5mm) the open joint of sheet pile can't effectively seal lightweight.The wide lightweight sheet pile that this kind problems affect position line tolerance is bad.During the piling, simple and easy " overlapping " mating system is separated even the joint of " hooking " or " interlocking " also may be freed, and causes opening the lightweight (joint of sheet pile of t=＜5mm).So, underground water must be evacuated to the level lower than excavation level.So obviously, increase on-the-spot draining cost, and need path near the sheet pile rear area.Under any circumstance, the draining in soil, sheet pile rear is the individual activity of independently constructing.In the past, this phreatic draining causes the Corrosion of Pipeline of sheet pile below undermining, causes the excessive convergence in soil, sheet pile rear.
The objective of the invention is to by providing a wide plate stake that steel or other moulding material make to overcome or to improve aforementioned one or more shortcoming, this sheet pile can overcome the problems of quoting from when preamble is combined the opinion prior art such as size restrictions, stability and structure.
One aspect of the present invention provides by the panelling of putting more energy into, piling rib and has that the joint of one or more variable profile is rectangular to be made, and the sheet pile profiled outline to be to produce a kind of reaching most effectively as width ws between the structure of " wide " sheet pile between 800mm to 3500mm and the general outline of structure demand.Another aspect of the present invention the invention provides stiffening rib so that set up with subsequently in duration of load, control sheet pile distortion and distortion.In a further aspect, the invention provides and have the more sheet pile of the mating system of high loadability, so that admit the power that occurs with the wide plate stake.The present invention also imagines use improvement piling method, so that the problems such as higher pile driving resistance, stake compression and position line of admitting the wide plate stake to be met with.The present invention provides a kind of system that controls around the sheet pile with the underflow and the pressure at rear again.Tradition (t＞5mm) and the lightweight (sheet pile of t≤5mm) is all contained in the present invention.
So, one of the present invention preferred versions provides a sheet pile, comprises one around longitudinal axis shaping or pleating plate, make to have the corrugated profile shape, and tool overall width ws surpasses 800mm; Described sheet pile spare has the panelling of putting more energy into device spare, piling rib apparatus and the rectangular device of joint.
The profile of aforementioned sheet pile and size can be defined by following feature:
* overall size parameter w, d, t, f, i, f/d and n, this dimensional parameters is relevant to and limits the panelling device of putting more energy into of sheet pile, the feature of driving a rib apparatus and the rectangular device of joint; And
* overall dimensions parameter ws/tm, N, this dimensional parameters is relevant with the overall configuration of sheet pile; Wherein, d is a profile depth, and t is for generating the material thickness of profile, and f is the flange width of profile, and i is the angle of slope of profile web, and n is profile number in this device respectively, and tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile, and N is the interior profile sum of sheet pile.In first form, respectively the contour feature of this device is as follows:
d＞200mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜4 wherein respectively the number of contours N of this device is as follows:
0.5＜n＜2 and whole sheet pile;
100＜(ws/tm)
1≤N＜5 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜350mm
45＜i＜80 degree
0＜(f/d)＜0.8
100＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1＜N＜6 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜1＜60 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3
100＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1＜N＜6 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞125mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜350mm
45＜i＜90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜5
200＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜5
1＜N＜10 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞125mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜i＜65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜5
120＜(w/t)
1＜n＜5
1＜N＜10 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞150mm
t＞5mm
0＜f＜140mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜1.2
160＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1≤N＜6 are in another form, and these features are as follows:
d＞150mm
t＞5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜i＜65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3
60＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1≤N＜6 are in another form, and this feature is as follows:
d＞150mm
t＞5mm
0＜f＜300mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜1.2
100＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1≤N＜6 are in another form, and these features are as follows
d＞150mm
1＞5mm
0＜f＜300mm
45＜i＜65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3
100＜(ws/t)
0.5＜n＜3
1≤N＜6 are in the dark form of profile, and these features are as follows:
450＜d＜1200
t≥5mm
150＜f＜750mm
45＜i＜65 degree
0.10＜f/d＜2
60＜ws/t
n＝1
The folding spacing radius r of 1≤N＜2 plates is preferably 5 to 50mm.
The more convenient understanding the present invention of desire, and be put to actual effect, now with reference to accompanying drawing, example explanation the present invention's preferred embodiment, the accompanying drawing person:
Fig. 1 a to 1d explanation limits the primary section profile of term used herein;
Fig. 2 a to 2b illustrates the elementary contour of sheet pile spare of the present invention;
Fig. 3 example illustrates many profiles formula sheet pile spare of the present invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates more shallow many profiles formula sheet pile spare of the present invention;
Fig. 5 a to 5f illustrates other alternative primary section profile of sheet pile of the present invention;
Fig. 6 a to 6f illustrates other alternative profile of many profiles sheet pile section;
Other alternative profile of the section sheet pile spare that Fig. 7 a to 7c explanation is more shallow;
A rib profile is typically driven in Fig. 8 a to 8g explanation;
Other alternative position of Fig. 9 a to 9c explanation sheet pile adapter piece;
Fig. 9 d to 9f is tries hard to relevant with the corresponding joints position;
Figure 10 explanation imposes on the phantom drawing of other alternative stiffening rib of sheet pile spare of the present invention;
Figure 10 a, other alternative strength bar end-view that 10b and 10c explanation combine with sheet pile;
Figure 11 is a longitudinal plan, shows the details of pleating stiffener;
Figure 12 is embedded in a underground sheet pile and relative power elevation for showing;
Other alternative mating system of Figure 13 to 18 explanation sheet pile spare of the present invention;
Figure 19 illustrates the catch pit facility that sheet pile spare uses;
Figure 20 explanation is used for the bar that sets up of catch pit;
Figure 21 a to 21d explanation is along the standpipe of other alternative its section of intercepting of the 19th figure line A-A;
Figure 22 a to 22d explanation is along other alternative infiltration section of the 19th figure line B-B;
Figure 23 is the schematic diagram that is used for the pile driving frame of sheet pile of the present invention;
More normally the drive piles synthetic piling power of method of Figure 24 and 25, and use pile driving frame piling of the present invention;
Figure 26 is the phantom drawing of the piling guide structure of sheet piling; And
Figure 27 is the profile along Figure 26 line A-A.
Sheet pile of the present invention limits according to profile parameters d, f, i, w, n, f and univers parameter ws, tm and N.Each parameter-definition is in the shown basic plate corrugated profile of Fig. 1 a, this profile comprises a successive steps function, one crest and trough are arranged, be provided with in this trough place having the edge of a wing that width is f, two edge of a wing spacings thereby represent with alphabetical d for the degree of depth of profiled outline.The edge of a wing engages by a web with inclination of angle of inclination i.The integral width of profiled outline is represented with alphabetical w.Material thickness is represented with alphabetical t, and the profile number that respectively saves in the sheet pile is represented with alphabetical n.As seen the elementary contour of Fig. 1 a comprises the basic U type profile of two Fig. 1 c shown types.The profile of Fig. 1 b starts from a diverse location along the successive steps function, and comprises the basic Z type profile of two types shown in Fig. 1 d.The integral width of sheet pile represents that with parameter ws the profile sum of sheet pile is represented with N.The minimum thickness of sheet pile material is represented with tm.Above-mentioned parameter can adjoin the longitudinally that reaches between profile along sheet pile spare in two and change.
The profile of sheet pile spare of the present invention is divided into three sections, provides mating system, the panelling and drive a rib of putting more energy into.Two citation forms of profile are shown in Fig. 2 and 5.This three has the specific specific demand made from suitable sheet pile of profile independently.One or more primary section profiles of three sections (drive stake, put more energy into and engage) are capable of being combined and produce the wide plate stake, as Fig. 3, shown in 4,6 and 7, further specify as follows.
This profile can illustrate by three groups of profiled outlines, comprising:
(a) a dark profiled outline drives a rib and the rectangular institute of a plurality of joint forms (0.7≤n=＜1.5)---(Fig. 2 and 5) by single put more energy into panelling and one.
(b) a multiple profile drives a rib and the rectangular institute of a plurality of joint forms (1.5＜N＜5)---(Fig. 3 and 6) by one or more panellings of putting more energy into, one.
(c) a more shallow profiled outline, by the multiple profile that forms two or more panellings of putting more energy into (2.5＜N), one or morely drive a rib and two rectangular institutes of joints form---(Fig. 4 and 7).
Basic sheet pile profile shown in Fig. 2 and the 5a comprises the panelling 2 of putting more energy into that is denoted as (SP), and this panelling of putting more energy into comprises the edge of a wing, interval 3 and 4 by a joint web 5 interconnection, and ends at the complimentary engagement part 6 and 7 of two opposite sides.In this basic configuration, the panelling 2 of putting more energy into is incorporated in the web 5; Drive a rib and be labeled as (DR), that borrows meshes with pile driver; Also will engage simultaneously rectangular (JS) incorporate into end web 8 and 9 or the edge of a wing 4 in, this edge of a wing 4 ends on fastener 6 and 7.In the embodiment of Fig. 5 b, it is rectangular 10 that this profile comprises the joint of special formation, this rectangular ending on fastener 6 and 7.In the embodiment of Fig. 5 c and 5d, drive a rib and be labeled as (DR), this drives a rib and forms with middle ladder or ripple 11, and this rib position is in a plane, and with last and bottom flange 3 and 4 is parallel.Among the embodiment of Fig. 5 e, fastener 6 and 7 is formed on the edge of a wing 3 and 4, to limit second elementary contour-Fig. 2 b.
By primary section profile element is combined into multiple profile with various combining forms, as shown in Figure 3, wherein multiple profile elements 12 comprise two panellings of putting more energy into (SP), one single drive a rib (DR) and two joints rectangular (JS) that end on fastener 6 and 7.Other possible Multiple Combination form with advantage of the present invention is shown among Fig. 6 a to 6f.Each embodiment example explanation other Multiple Combination form of the present invention of Fig. 4 and Fig. 7 a to 7c.
Among Fig. 2 and 5, the design of darker profile be formed in cantilever or the sheet pile shored in required high-flexural strength and stiffness.Multiple profile among Fig. 3 and 6 is used for deciding anchor wall or groove backplate.Fig. 4 and 7 more shallow profile then are designed to as groove backplate and seepage flow curved by plate.Consider sheet pile architectural feature, make, set up and end support function finally, the sheet pile that is generated forms most economical sheet pile, it can be made by steel or other moulding material.
Sheet pile can be made by one or more metal sheet or sheet.This plate/sheet can be configured as the sections of one or more profiled outlines.These plate/sheets can along vertically and/or transverse weld together, for example along the welding of dotted line shown in Fig. 2 a and the 2b, to generate the relatively longer or wideer sheet pile of individual boards/sheet.The method can be eliminated because material and/or local manufacturing capacity add all size restrictions to the sheet pile profile of prior art.In addition, sheet pile is made sections, allows along flexible with the profiled outline of horizontal straddle stake.Yet sheet pile designs equally applicable to the sheet pile by single plate or sheet generation.Enter the end, ground for ease of sheet pile, its leading edge can be made into to be to move back on thickness and pulls out shape.
Profiled outline in each sections can be made by a part or complete nominal contour or multiple profile, usually:
Profile (w) unit (n) in the sections sections
Joint rectangular 1/4
Drive a rib 1/2
Yet panelling 0.5＜n＜3 of putting more energy into, joint is rectangular and drive a rib, even be multiple units as described above, also can be made by any ratio of this profile unit.The panelling of putting more energy into must be made by partly bigger (n＞0.5) profile than a profile unit, aligns with integral body with the whole central axis of sheet pile is local so that reach the panelling mass centre of putting more energy into.By half profile (n=0.5) any sheet pile that panelling makes of putting more energy into is asymmetric, and till the section depth of whole panellings was all identical, this was a corrugated sheet pile.
The panelling of putting more energy into is represented the primary structure element of sheet pile.We discover: structure efficiency factor (the SR ﹠amp of optimum section profile; FSR) in following parameter area:
Intensity stiffness parameter (higher SR) (maximum FSR) flange width 0＜f＜350 0＜f＜200 web gradients, 45＜i＜90 55＜i＜90 (f/d) however than 0＜(f/d)＜40 0＜(f/d)＜1.5 profile 0.5＜N＜3 0.5＜N＜2, section depth d is the principal element that determines the structural behaviour of sheet pile.
Separate this three function in one " wide " sheet pile, can make the profiled outline of the panelling of putting more energy into not be subjected to the constraint of prior art.So, (t≤5mm) panelling of putting more energy into of sheet pile then can adopt the optimum section profile to lightweight.Have optimal parameter in groups for the profiled outline in these scopes, with main purpose, the intensity/stiffness of that is wide cut/a drive ability is relevant.
Can contain the thicker panelling of putting more energy into (t＞5mm), drive a power anchorage load and/or a corrosion loss in the sheet pile so that be applicable to.Simultaneously, thickness t can change to cooperate along the change of the bending resistance moment of sheet pile and to be contained in the internal stress that lateral force produced of profile internal cause across sheet pile along the panelling of putting more energy into.The web or the edge of a wing can comprise " enhancing " plate, changing the thickness t in the panelling, so that hold the put more energy into integral bending/stiffness of panelling of local stress or instability problem and/or improvement.(the sheet pile profile of t＞5mm) is gone up to concentrate at partial contour sheet pile (N＜1) and is realized varied in thickness to use heavier plate.So, that these profiles can be used among the present invention is dark, and ((ws＞800mm) is with heavier (the sheet pile profile of t＞5mm) is shown in Fig. 2,3 and 4 for d＞200mm), broad.
A rib sections (DR) that drives of sheet pile drives a power along this sheet pile transmission.Drive a profile and determined by pile driving equipment, particularly the jaw assembly by pile driver determines.Because can separate individually is shaped drives a rib, so between putting more energy into panelling and drive an intercostal plate thickness and can change (td＞ts) to some extent.Pile-driving method further is discussed below.
Drive a rib (DR) and can be designed to four elementary contours shown in Fig. 8 a to 8g.This four-wheel exterior feature can be described as:
Outline position/design
21, smooth and V-arrangement or corrugated anchor clamps of 22,23 webs
The 24 web anchor clamps that crack
25,26 edge of a wing anchor clamps
Among these figure, the chucking power that the jaw that arrow is represented pile driver applies the two opposite sides of each rib in the sheet pile.Drive a rib 21,22 and 23 and can merge to half nominal contour unit (n=0.5).Thereby this type anchor clamps can be used for the dark profile sheet pile of Fig. 2.If the gradient at profile 21 epiplastrons surpasses 60 degree, then the jaw assembly can disturb the panelling of putting more energy into that adjoins.Yet if the gradient of web is spent less than 75, V-arrangement and corrugated web profile 22 and 23 can be avoided this kind interference.
Clamping profile 24,25 and 26 be not used for the profile that the present invention limits, be not used for section depth d, size f and i, ratio f (f/d), w/t) owing to these profiles] and the tradition that is bound up of number of contours n (t＞5mm) or lightweight are (on the sheet pile of t≤5mm).In the past, do not used heavier plate thickness (td＞t) in the sheet pile around the clamp area yet.
With " wide " sheet pile that a rib profile is incorporated broad into that drives more than two or two, for example this type sheet pile shown in Fig. 6 and 7 can improve lateral stability, disperse to drive a power, with aiming at of sheet pile during the control piling.So, in wide (incorporate driving a rib and can avoid using pile cover and divide He Liang more than two or two in the sheet pile of 1200＜ws＜3500mm) into, drive especially have in the rib (especially true during td＞t) than slab.Allow that so ((sheet pile of t≤5mm) is driven into harder piling condition (Qd＞1500kN) for t＞5mm) and lightweight for the heavy of broad.Driving the bending compression of a rib and vibration problem can be by providing and overcome (referring to Fig. 8 g) with one or individual many vertical stiffening ribs (27) along driving a rib.This stiffening rib can be connected on this plate by a light structures shaped steel, rod or plate to be formed, and helps stretching, extension one segment distance (＞2 * d) along driving stake.So, can drive the complete compression volume that occurs driving a rib on the rib in elongated (w/t＞50).Fig. 2,3 and 4 is labeled as 28 cross-hauling district and clamps the zone of sheet pile for the pile driver jaw and use for piling.
Adapter piece in the sheet pile two opposite sides can be arranged on the edge of a wing or web of sheet pile, as shown in Figure 9.Among Fig. 9 a, the adapter piece position is the edge of a wing outside; And among Fig. 9 b, the adapter piece position is on the interior edge of a wing.In the embodiment of Fig. 9 c, the adapter piece position is on web.(t≤5mm) sheet pile tends to " curl " under load lightweight, opens joint and the generation power across joint, shown in Fig. 9 d, Fl represents side direction joint power among the figure, Ft represents pulling force, and arrow R represents when being arranged in the joint of web, because of rotatablely moving due to the sheet pile bending.The joint power of position, the edge of a wing is less in the wings.
When shown in Fig. 9 c and 9f, the joint position is in the edge of a wing time, and clean mechanical compliance the axle of web, thereby because bending causes many times rotates.
The control of the lateral distribution of load and " curling " effect and flexural strength (first), the lateral load of sheet pile and the joint position/design is relevant.(t≤5mm) the side direction transmission of the load of sheet pile strictly is subjected to the flexural strength (0.04 * t of plate to load across lightweight
2) restriction.This problem with lightweight (t≤5mm) and tradition (5＜t＜10mm) the profile width ws and the section depth d of sheet pile [(f/d)=1.0, N=1] are limited to:
Sheet pile profile width section depth
(w)-(mm) (d)-(mm)
Lightweight (3＜t＜5) 550-800 125-200
(5＜t＜10) 800-1500 200-400 is like this for tradition, becomes across the side direction ability of the rectangular contoured profile load of joint widely (sheet pile of ws＞600mm), particularly to have dark (big problem of the sheet pile of profiled outline of d＞100mm).Therefore, joint design and lateral stiffness problem are constrained to the narrower (more shallow (d＜100mm) of ws＜600mm) and profile of width with the lightweight sheet pile.
This kind problem can be by strengthening plate thickness (t＞5mm) and partly be improved.In addition, by using the side stiffener to improve the side direction flexural strength of plate and, can improving the side direction ability F of sheet pile distributed load by by structure section the stiffening rib rail being set so that along the sheet pile distributed load.Details are as follows for the details of side direction stiffening rib and mating system.
Simultaneously, so improve lateral stiffness and intensity, the parameter of the rectangular profile of permission qualification joint meets relevant parameter d, f and the i of the panelling of putting more energy into.So, joint is rectangular becomes until (part of the sheet pile structure profile of the degree that the sheet pile of t≤5mm) can't be reached, (on the t＞5mm), the overall dimensions of its section is considerably beyond the contribution of joint design to sheet pile structure intensity for traditional sheet pile with lightweight up to now.So, (sheet pile of t＞5mm) is the important meaning of tool not for tradition for the joint of " stablizing ".
The corrugated partially filled various web stiffening rib or the dividing plate with as shown in figure 10 of sheet pile.The crossbeam that produces across sheet pile.Stiffening rib can be an easy plate 30 and (also see Figure 10 a), or stretch one or more rod 31 across the corrugated part of sheet pile, or a pleating plate 32 fills up the hollow panelling of corrugated part to generate one, shown in Figure 10,10b, 10c and 11.The stiffening rib degree of depth must be between 60 and 110% of the section depth d of stiffening rib, so that produce a crossbeam across sheet pile.Stiffening rib 32 crosses over the panelling of putting more energy into, drive a rib and extend to joint rectangular (seeing Figure 10 a to 10b).Yet putting more energy into re-packs can fill up a corrugated part on the anchorage position, as shown in figure 10.
Stiffening rib can be thick bar (wb=200mm, t=5-10mm) or rod 31 (diameter＞25mm), this diameter allow earth this corrugated part by the stiffening rib rear.In the alternative configuration of another kind, the profile of structure section (I or U beam) is made and can be filled up corrugated part.Yet, be favourable with piling stiffening rib with Figure 10 and 11 from the longitudinal force of anchorage or piling load.The profile of this stiffening rib (20＜i＜40 degree) can reduce piling and/or excavate during soil resistance to minimum degree.Can be provided with an air vent or dividing plate to reduce soil resistance or the suction around the stiffening rib.Tabular stiffener can be set earlier before driving sheet piling.
Figure 12 example explanation is by introducing the transmission that can reach load across the side direction stiffening rib of sheet pile, and the sheet pile 33 of the row's interconnection that demonstrates among the figure is imbedded and towered in ground 34.Sheet pile 33 is provided with horizontal stiffening rib 35.Double-headed arrow is represented the loading transfer of two directions, and the single head arrow is represented the loading transfer of single direction.Anchorage/pillar position shows in 36 and 27.
Stiffening rib can be near a stake tip place, be arranged to across this sheet pile (referring to Figure 12) at the level place of anchorage/pillar and/or at place, stake top.Load is along the panelling transmission of putting more energy into, then by the transmission of side direction stiffening rib across to joint, anchorage/pillar or drive a rib.Top stiffening rib transmission piling load, and reduce lateral vibration.In the anchorage position, stiffening rib can be in order to the vertical ingredient in the anchorage that bears inclination or the column load.By the details of the end that is shown in the stiffening rib on the joint panelling of advising among Figure 10 a to 10c, can improve the load bearing capacity (2 * t of joint partly
2＜F＜200 * t).Therefore, the sheet pile that adjoins can be supported on the anchorage/pillar sheet pile that adjoins by stiffening rib, and need not to appeal to " crosspiece " strutbeam.These functions combine stiffening rib and have a big advantage that is better than " crosspiece " strutbeam that must set up between the key period at digging operation.
Stiffening rib has been eliminated thickness of slab t and has been added all restrictions, allow by lightweight (t≤5mm) and in matter (plate of 5＜t＜10mm) is made " wide " (sheet pile of 800＜ws＜3500mm).In addition, eliminated lateral stability degree (w/t＜150) constraint, allows wide (w＞600mm), dark (profile of d＞200mm) with ws/t than and on the panelling that is applied to put more energy into above 200.Combine with a multiple panelling that drives, can squeeze into extremely wide sheet pile, that is:
Anchorage number sheet pile width
One drives a panelling (ws)-(mm)
1 ws＜2000
2 1500＜ws＜3500
3 2500＜ws＜+3500 are like this, contain the web stiffening rib and can overcome the relevant lateral stability problem of " wide " sheet pile.
Other configuration of the tabular stiffener 30 of side direction is shown among Fig. 2 a and the 2b, and other configuration of pleating tabular stiffening rib 32 then is shown among Fig. 3.The sheet pile of Fig. 4 is provided with tabular stiffening rib 30 of side direction and bracing boom 31.
In the wide plate stake, be provided with one independently joint strip (JS) make that the design of mating system is more full of elasticity.When the wide ws of sheet pile increases to 800 when above, the lateral force between sheet pile strengthens fast, that is:
Sheet pile wide (ws) is across the load of joint
(F)-(kN/m.mm)
550 5×t＜F＜15×t
1000 15×t＜F＜40×t
2000 40×t＜F＜70×t
3000 80×t＜F＜1500×t
The load bearing capacity of the mating system of being made by the plate/sheet of joint strip is limited to (F＜15 * t).(F＜15 * t) were at most 600mm with this kind of joint restraint in the wide ws of sheet pile when this load was held.The sheet pile of broad (ws＞600mm) need by structural tube or case section (the interlocking joint that make F＜150 * t).Even tensile capacities that these mating systems are also only limited and lateral load capacity (F＜30 * t).The lateral load capacity can utilize the stiffening rib partial upgrading.Yet, must (place, the edge of a wing of F＞30 * t) changes to the web position by high lateral load occurring with mating system.In web position, most of lateral load can be tension/compression, but not the lateral load relevant with the flexural strength of plate.In web position, can improve loading transfer with using the side direction stiffening rib to reach direct compression/stretching by the gradient that changes web, and directly compress/be stretched to load bearing capacity (150 * t＜F＜200 * t) that provide high.So, the mating system based on the interlocking joint that derives from pipe or case section can be used for the sheet pile that width ws reaches 3500mm.(on 800＜ws＜200mm), the stretching of structural tube and case section joint and compression volume are allowed joint are arranged on the edge of a wing between the sheet pile of centre.Alternative another of Figure 13 to 28 example explanation is used to interconnect according to other joint design of adjoining sheet pile of the present invention, and it has the load bearing capacity higher than existing mating system.
Figure 13,14 and 16 examples explanation joint, joint stiffening rib (JS) wherein ends on indivedual complementary components, and joint comprises the closed pipe section or the case section of square or rectangle, be fixed in and adjoin on the sheet pile spare, and wherein have a section to have slit so that hold another new.The embodiment of Figure 15 relates to the channel section that uses interlocking.
In the configuration of Figure 16 to 18, wherein an adapter piece comprises a square folding face 47, and is open so that hold another adapter piece along one edge 48.In Figure 16, another adapter piece comprises another square section 49, and its design is fit to for being positioned another outer section 47 inside only.In Figure 17, it is square that the cross section of another adapter piece 50 belongs to part, open along a lateral margin, so that limit a sealant space 51 with another adapter piece.In Figure 18, the cross section of adapter piece 52 is that butt is square, so that limit a sealant space 53 with another adapter piece.
The joint design that shows among Figure 13 to 18 can provide that joint is chimeric closely, so that avoid chip or sand to enter interlocking; If need, a water seal of stretching along the longitudinal length of joint can be provided, improve its suitability so that allow joint to local engineering demand; And generate or be an individual or incorporate the hydroecium that removes in the joint profile into.These four characteristics are improved the whole watertightness and the integrality of sheet pile structure greatly.Comprise the interior case or the pipe section of a closure, allow pressurization to inject and bore rock flow body, water and/or air, so that help driving of sheet pile to beat.
Old as preceding institute, joint sealant can place in the open space of making in some mating system (referring to Figure 17 and 18).Sealant also can pressurize downwards and inject the interior section of square, the tubular or rectangle type fittings shown in Figure 13,14 and 15.Joint sealant can be grease or cement-swell soil mixture, by a kind of wettable and the hydrophobic rubber or the polymeric sealant that expand.In addition, after the piling, sealant bar or plate can be inserted in the seal cavity.Squeeze into next sheet pile, but opening encapsulation agent space activates this Expansion sealing agent up to the underground water infiltration.So, before squeezing into next sheet pile and among, sealant still maintains " elasticity ".
Sheet pile can assemble with one and supply to extract or get rid of phreatic system, (also is found in Fig. 4) shown in Figure 19 to 21.The preferable well structure 60 that draining is used comprises a pipe 61, in this pipe 61 is set up at the bottom of the ground of locating at sheet pile 62 rears.This pipe 61 is made up of a standpipe 63, and one or more infiltrations sections 64 are arranged in the standpipe 63.64 of this infiltration sections are by comprising that with one the bar of an internal riser of the oversize tip of tool 66 squeezes in the standpipe 63, the size of the standpipe 63 that swells little, longitudinal crack pipeline section 65 and forming.The crack of so opening undersized standpipe allows underground water to infiltrate in the standpipe.Yet the infiltration section also can be cracked the crack simply and be formed on standpipe 63.
By permeability pottery, crumb rubber or gauze, filtration fabrics, or around the crack liner 67 in crack of an internal riser 68, can prevent that soil corrosion from going in the standpipe.Pottery or crumb rubber liner by water feedback system or use " high air entering " can stop air to enter in the standpipe 68.The permeability liner can and manage 68 and set up by the bar that carries the swell tip 66 and the collar 69, sees Figure 20.The tip 66 is by crack pipeline section 65 and after surpassing as soon as swell, and the elastic part of outer segment 65 is about to section 65 around the sealing of permeability liner, and with the liner stationary positioned.Because of the swell tip and/or the collar cause the 65 permanent distortions of crack pipeline section, can avoid the complete closure in crack.
Standpipe 68 is connected to the pipeline engineering and the pumping system of the routine of using on the traditional vacuum well point at first.Standpipe 61 can be had arbitrary suitable cross sectional configurations, for example sees among the embodiment of Figure 21 and 22.Once you begin excavate, standpipe 68 can for example insert via sheet pile stud face at 69 places, as shown in figure 21.So, just can in excavation place, reach the purpose that dewaters for a long time, and needn't depend on vacuum collecting device system in longer time domestic demand with gravity system.
On sheet pile, set up a well system, can be on total, dewater by the soil at sheet pile rear with low cost and to realize.In addition, the well system can set up the underground water negative pressure, helps pillar or the anchorage critical period before setting up fully that the soil is provided support.
The size of sheet pile is bigger, and (ws＞800mm), then piling power increases, mainly because of due to the sheet pile skin friction.So, the top of driving a rib is subjected to the impact completely of the power of driving piles.Sheet pile has the bigger tendency of line more of vacillating.This two problem makes that ((sheet pile of t＞5mm) sheet pile width ws and/or the depth d that can reach are restricted lightweight for t≤5mm) and tradition.Up to now, these solutions of driving a problem are nothing but: making ins all sorts of ways cushions from normally dropping or the impact of middle hammer, or a reinforcement cap is provided on sheet pile.Be suitable for the piling the lightweight sheet pile carried out with vibro driver but these measures are neither.
(the piling power of ws＞800m) is discernablely than common sheet pile (the piling Li Genggao of ws＜600mm) in the wide plate stake.So, the compressibilty of sheet pile and lateral stability become the wide (key factor the during piling of the sheet pile of ws＞800mm).In addition, use during the vibro driver piling, repeated load causes the premature fatigue of sheet pile to destroy.When dynamic piling power height (± 800kN) time, vibration force reverses, only stay pile driver weight and set up point (the downward thrust of Fd＜50kN), and piling power is produced a kind of " biasing " by it.
Piling work shows: though vibration frequency can be in 20 to 40Hz range changings, can get best piling effect with 30 to 40Hz, and reduce the danger that damages sheet pile.Simultaneously, under most of ground conditions, (on 100＜Fr＜1000kNM/m), (Fd＞50kN/m) helps to quicken piling speed to downward positive thrust to the resistance of the required piling of " wide " sheet pile size degree, and can stop too early appearance to be resisted.So, in case sheet pile is beaten motionless or when becoming " stiff solid ", even and need the also essential pile penetration that keeps sheet pile of great power occur with more large-scale pile driver.
So, the present invention provides a kind of pile driving frame of wide plate stake usefulness again.It comprises a downward pulling equipment pile driving frame 70 as shown in figure 23, and it can put downward force Fd above 100kN/m to good use this pile driving frame.Pile driving frame 70 is fixed on the position 72 of the previous sheet pile of having squeezed into 73, so that downward traction is manifested resistance.This pile driving frame 70 utilizes an adjustment type pillar 74 to support, and this pillar 74 is fixed on the position 75 of the sheet pile 76 at place, a distant place more, and lateral load then is passed to pile driving frame 70 by the side direction stiffening rib 77 across the sheet pile top.
The fixed case of pile driver is shown in 78, and the vibrating bin of sheet pile machine is shown in 79, and arrow 80 expressions are imposed on the downward tractive force of pile driver by pile driving frame 70.
Pile driving frame 70 can reduce peak value piling power, fatigue effect really, and improves pile driver in the performance of 30 to 40Hz scopes.So, for the wide plate stake, just can avoid adopting the demand of piling sheet etc.Moreover, use pile driving frame, improve the alignment of sheet pile, allow many jaws system is used in pile driver, thereby can drive a rib and piling power is dispersed in across on this sheet pile by being included on the sheet pile many.
Figure 24 and 25 shows the piling method of general piling method and employing pile driving frame for trying hard to.Fp is shown in the power on sheet pile top, and Fr represents the sheet pile resistance, and Fv represents the vibration force from pile driver.Fl represents that Fd is the downward tractive force of elasticity from the loss of the power of sheet pile compression.
In case sheet pile is beaten to below ground, then can't be guided by pile driving frame.When the trailing edge of sheet pile is followed adapter piece on the previous sheet pile, and fromer rail can freely depart from position line and vacillate.Potential vacillate of sheet pile when the degree of depth 1 is 6.0m typically is:
The sheet pile width is vacillated in 6.0m
(ws)-(mm) (mm)
1000 30
2000 120
300 300 owing to vacillating because of distortion rises, thus vacillate can't by across or along the stiffening rib control of sheet pile, though the top stiffening rib can reduce the phenomenon of vacillating.
Proposedly a kind ofly design that to use preamble be 75 to 250mm the conduit 81 that cracks with reference to the described interlocking mating system of Figure 13 to 18 together with the diameter shown in Figure 26 and 27, the control of the lateral alignment of sheet pile is stretched over below ground.This cracks can be along the tube wall axle or along a progressive helix.This slotted pipe 81 is set up in the aligned position of proposal at first by a drilling equipment as shown in figure 27, and pipe 81 is rotated and obtains vertical or lateral alignment.The leading edge guide rail 82 of sheet pile 83 cracks along this and squeezes into downwards then, will manage 81 then and extract out, and this uses piling usually and realizes.This method can reduce the wide plate stake (ws＞800m) migration of end.Dewatering can be provided with middle guide 84 on the well casing, with to extremely wide (constraint in the middle of ws＞2000mm) sheet pile provides.So, though any sheet pile in the degree of depth 1＞6m also can set up into correct lateral alignment (± 25mm).
It is wide that ((the whole advantage of sheet pile of t≤5mm) can be by (t≤5mm) and traditional sheet pile are carried out to this comparison and can be described admirably with common lightweight for the lightweight of ws＞800mm).Once used the extensive use of lightweight sheet pile and traditional sheet pile to carry out assessment of cost to on-the-spot in the U.S., Southeast Asia and Australia.All application all show cost 60 to 90% between traditional sheet pile, and average is 70%, even also like this on the building site of reclaiming sheet pile after the excavation.This kind cost savings are because of due to material cost descends, piling cost and pillar/anchorage cost also descend.Simultaneously (the sheet pile structure performance of t≤10mm), improvement is to the degree of traditional sheet pile performance at least than lightweight.
The design of " wide " sheet pile in the proposal, other lightweight of can preventing (shortcoming of sheet pile of t≤5mm).This design comprises structural parameters, lateral stability, and mating system is with the improvement of watertightness.Because of piling cost and ancillary works (crosspiece, pillar, anchorage etc.) saving, so overall cost descends.Yet major advantage is lightweight, and (sheet-pile of t≤10mm) is increased to the integrality degree of traditional sheet pile system.Even (in the scope of t＞5mm), the design of " wide " sheet pile of being drawn up is better than traditional sheet pile design of prior art in traditional sheet pile.
So, the invention provides by steel plate pleating or form variable profile and make wide (sheet pile of ws＞800mm), this sheet pile can provide previous this kind of sheet pile profile intensity, flexural strength and lateral strength of driving piles that be beyond one's reach.This kind design is divided into three panellings with sheet pile, that is: drive a rib, put more energy into panelling with engage rectangular.Sheet pile pushes up around its tip, in central segment and in stake also will have the special requirement requirement.The conception of this design is divided into sheet pile three layers again.Can be by a slice metal sheet pleating or shaping overall profile, or make the long (＞4m) wide (sheet pile of ws＞800mm) by combination standard assembly panelling.Material thickness t can across and/or along sheet pile and different, so that cooperate the special requirement requirement of various panellings and/or each level height.
Claims (24)
1. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, drive a rib apparatus, and the profile that engages rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞200mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜4 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device observes following regulation:
0.5＜n＜2 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
100＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜5 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
2. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜350mm
45＜i≤80 degree
0＜(f/d)＜0.8 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein respectively the profile number n in this device observes following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
100＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
3. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜i≤60 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3
Wherein, d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device meets following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
100＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
4. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it its undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＜125mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜350mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜5 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web, and wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device meets following regulation:
0.5＜n＜5 reach wherein, for described sheet pile,
200＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜10 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
5. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800m; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＜125mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜I≤65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜5 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device meets following regulation:
1＜n＜5 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
120＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜10 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
6. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate make it tool undulate contour shape, and tool overall width (ws) surpasses 800mm through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜140mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜1.2 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device observes following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
160＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
7. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞150mm
t≤5mm
0＜f＜450mm
45＜I≤65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device meets following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
60＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
8. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating, and has overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＞150mm
t≥5mm
0＜f＜300mm
45＜i≤90 degree
0＜(f/d)＜1.2 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device meets following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
100＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1≤N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
9. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate through be shaped around a longitudinal axis or or pleating, make it tool undulate contour shape, and have overall width (ws) and surpass 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib device and engage rectangular device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
450＜d＜1200
t＞5mm
150＜f＜750mm
45＜I＜65 degree
0.1＜(f/d)＜2 wherein, d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number m in this device meets following regulation:
N=1 reaches wherein for described sheet pile
60＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1=＜N＜2 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
10. sheet pile, it comprises a plate, described plate makes it tool undulate contour shape through being shaped around a longitudinal axis or pleating; And has overall width (ws) above 800mm; Described sheet pile limits the panelling device of putting more energy into, drives a rib device and engages the long dozen device, it is characterized in that: respectively this panelling device of putting more energy into, the profile that drives a rib apparatus and engage rectangular device meet following regulation:
d＜1500mm
t≥5mm
0＜f＜300mm
45＜i＜65 degree
0＜(f/d)＜3 wherein, and d is a profile depth, and t is a material thickness, and f is a flange width, and i is the angle of slope of web; Wherein, respectively the profile number n in this device observes following regulation:
0.5＜n＜3 reach wherein, for described sheet pile
100＜(ws/tm)
Tm is the minimum thickness of sheet pile in 1=＜N＜6 formulas, and N is the number of described profile in the sheet pile.
11. as any described sheet pile in the claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10, it is characterized in that: described pleating to have radius (r) be 5 to 50mm.
12., it is characterized in that as any described sheet pile in the claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10: comprise again lateral extension in sheet pile and fix reinforcer on it.
13. the sheet pile as claim 12 is characterized in that: described reinforcer comprises the one or more plates that stretch across in the sheet pile undulate body.
14. the sheet pile as claim 12 is characterized in that: described reinforcer comprises the one or more rod members that stretch across in the sheet pile undulate body.
15. the sheet pile as claim 12 is characterized in that, described reinforcer comprises configuration can insert the interior one or more pleating plate of sheet pile undulate body.
16., it is characterized in that as any described sheet pile in the claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10: the rectangular device of described joint comprise the position at the two opposite sides of sheet pile edge with the interconnective fastener of the sheet pile that will adjoin.
17. the sheet pile as claim 16 is characterized in that: described fastener comprises complementary sun/female element, so that the sheet pile that adjoins vertically connects slidably mutually.
18. the sheet pile as claim 17 is characterized in that: described sun/female element comprise have circle, the tubular profile piece of square or rectangular cross section.
19. the sheet pile as claim 17 is characterized in that: the sealant space that the mediate generation of described sun/female element is used for the splendid attire sealant.
20., it is characterized in that: also comprise a side that is fixed in sheet pile and supply to remove the de-watering apparatus that underground water is used as any described sheet pile in the claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.
21. the sheet pile as claim 20 is characterized in that: described de-watering apparatus comprises the tubular piece that is fixed in sheet pile one side, and described tubular piece has a permeability sections.
22. the sheet pile as claim 21 is characterized in that, described tubular tool slit and limit the permeability sections.
23. the sheet pile as claim 21 is characterized in that: also comprise being contained in the filter that adjoins the permeability sections in the described tubular piece.
24. the sheet pile as claim 22 is characterized in that: also comprise comprising being contained in the filter that adjoins the permeability section in the described tubular piece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92112785 CN1054173C (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1992-10-29 | Improvements to building construction methods and means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92112785 CN1054173C (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1992-10-29 | Improvements to building construction methods and means |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1086278A CN1086278A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| CN1054173C true CN1054173C (en) | 2000-07-05 |
Family
ID=4946109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92112785 Expired - Lifetime CN1054173C (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1992-10-29 | Improvements to building construction methods and means |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1054173C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3701280B2 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-09-28 | 株式会社データ・トゥ | Yamadome support |
| JP3747198B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-02-22 | 株式会社データ・トゥ | Steel pipe sheet pile foundation |
| DE10339957B3 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-01-13 | Peiner Träger GmbH | Double T-shaped strip for sheet piling has two web-linked flange sectors with connected lobe-shaped sectors |
| CN102002938B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-06 | 李布尔 | Combined hollow plastic sheet-pile |
| CN102561314A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 张继红 | Prefabricated waterproof pile (WSP pile) and inserting and pulling construction method thereof |
| CN208280125U (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-12-25 | 震东机械设备有限公司 | interlock system |
| CN108487231B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-04-03 | 河海大学 | Snowflake type steel sheet pile and processing method thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-10-29 CN CN 92112785 patent/CN1054173C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1086278A (en) | 1994-05-04 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| OR01 | Other related matters | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Expiration termination date: 20121029 Granted publication date: 20000705 |