CN105416513A - Safety device for emergency recovery of underwater towed body - Google Patents
Safety device for emergency recovery of underwater towed body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105416513A CN105416513A CN201510859178.6A CN201510859178A CN105416513A CN 105416513 A CN105416513 A CN 105416513A CN 201510859178 A CN201510859178 A CN 201510859178A CN 105416513 A CN105416513 A CN 105416513A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air bag
- underwater towed
- gas generator
- safety device
- fuse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/56—Towing or pushing equipment
- B63B21/66—Equipment specially adapted for towing underwater objects or vessels, e.g. fairings for tow-cables
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater object recovery, in particular to a device for recovering an underwater towed body, namely a safety device for emergency recovery of the underwater towed body. The safety device is mounted in a fairing (5) of the underwater towed body and comprises a fuse (1), a fuel gas generator (3), a safety air bag (4) and a remote switch upper computer (6). The fuse (1) is used for supplying electricity to the fuel gas generator (3), the safety air bag (4) is inflated by gas generated by the fuel gas generator (3), and the safety air bag (4) is used for dragging the underwater towed body out of the water surface. The fuse (1) has two triggering modes, namely water pressure triggering and triggering conducted according to orders of the remote switch upper computer (6). The underwater towed body is dragged out of the water surface by the safety device when a dragging cable is broken or the fixed depth exceeds the limit, and the underwater towed body can be conveniently fished and recovered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to immersed body recovery technology field, particularly a kind of regenerative apparatus of underwater towed-body.
Background technology
Under water in towing system, in order to the depthkeeping degree making underwater towed-body reach certain, often need underwater towed-body to be designed to negative lift, need the trailing cable of releasing greater depth simultaneously.When underwater towed system, causes trailing cable disrumpent feelings because pulling the foreign matters such as fishing net, the serious consequence of underwater towed-body loss will be there is.Meanwhile, stop when towboat et out of order and reclaim trailing cable not in time, will the depthkeeping degree of underwater towed-body be caused to exceed setting value even hanging end, cause underwater towed-body to damage or reclaim the serious consequences such as difficulty.
At present, the Main Means that domestic and international immersed body reclaims comprises diver, ROV and UUV etc.Diver is only applicable to comparatively shallow water area (being generally no more than 40m), and cannot long working, also has by sea situation restriction, searches the unfavorable factors such as difficulty, inefficiency.ROV and UUV working depth is large, safety better, but is also subject to the impact of operation sea situation, and also has the unfavorable factor such as system complex, somewhat expensive, operation use inconvenience, inefficiency.Therefore, the safety device developing a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body is very important for recovery underwater towed-body quick and convenient under unexpected state.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the safety device that a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body is provided, at trailing cable disrumpent feelings or depthkeeping degree transfinites time underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface, conveniently salvage recovery.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of safety device of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body, and it is installed in the streamlined reefer housing of underwater towed-body, and it comprises: fuse, gas generator, safety air bag and teleswitch upper computer;
Fuse is used for powering to gas generator, and gas generator produces gas to airbag inflated, and underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface by safety air bag;
Fuse is provided with two kinds of trigger modes: first kind of way is that hydraulic pressure triggers, and before laying underwater towed-body, is set fuse by main control end, namely according to the triggering hydraulic pressure using the situation in waters to set fuze operation.After having set, when fuse detects that current depth exceedes triggering hydraulic pressure, fuze operation is powered to gas generator, and gas generator produces gas to airbag inflated, and underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface.The second way is remote control trigger, when towboat or underwater towed system, mode of operation are abnormal and underwater towed-body does not reach the triggering hydraulic pressure of setting, teleswitch upper computer sends enabled instruction to fuse, after fuse receives remote control trigger instruction, action is powered to gas generator, gas generator produces gas to airbag inflated, and underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface.
Beneficial effect: the present invention improves the safety of underwater towed-body, makes the safety of underwater towed-body realize following breakthrough:
1. when the actual grade of underwater towed-body exceedes setting value, the present invention starts voluntarily underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface, conveniently salvages recovery.
2., when tow vessel or winch et out of order normally cannot reclaim underwater towed-body, underwater towed-body traction can be gone out the water surface by remote control startup by the present invention, conveniently salvages recovery.
3. the present invention goes for wider depth of water scope.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fuse in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of gas generator in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of safety air bag in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of teleswitch upper computer in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of blowdown valve in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
To develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention.
See accompanying drawing 1, a kind of safety device of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body, it is installed in the streamlined reefer housing 5 of underwater towed-body, and it comprises: fuse 1, gas generator 3, safety air bag 4 and teleswitch upper computer 6.
Fuse 1 is supported by erecting frame 2, for powering to gas generator 3; Gas generator 3 produces gas and inflates to safety air bag 4; Safety air bag 4 is for going out the water surface by underwater towed-body traction.
See accompanying drawing 2, fuse 1 comprises: the underwater sound receiving transducer 7 receiving the instruction of teleswitch upper computer 6, watertight housings 8 and being arranged in watertight housings 8 for the battery 11 detecting the pressure sensor 9 of hydraulic pressure, control circuit board 10 and power to control circuit board 10.
See accompanying drawing 3, gas generator 3 comprises: powder column 14, for the igniter head 12 of the powder column 14 that ignites and for gas generator 3 being arranged on the producer flange 13 on streamlined reefer housing 5 inner support.
See accompanying drawing 4, safety air bag 4 comprises: air bag utricule 16, be arranged on blowdown valve 17 on air bag utricule 16 and for safety air bag 4 being arranged on the air bag flange 15 in streamlined reefer housing 5.
See accompanying drawing 5, teleswitch upper computer 6 comprises: for assign control command handheld box 18, for the underwater sound transmitting transducer 21 that transmits control command and the PC control circuit card 19, the upper computer battery 20 that are arranged in handheld box 18.
See accompanying drawing 6, blowdown valve 17 comprises further: blowdown valve 17 comprises further: valve body 22, spool 23, the valve gap 24 being provided with deflation hole, Compress Spring 25 and seal ring 26; Wherein, spool 23 is socketed in valve body 22, and contact surface is provided with seal ring 26; Valve gap 24 is arranged on valve body 22 upper end, and Compress Spring 25 noose is inconsistent with valve gap 24 on spool 23; When the air pressure in air bag utricule 16 is greater than setting value, gas push spool 23 overcomes the elastic force motion of Compress Spring 25, and discharge from the deflation hole valve gap 24, when the air pressure in air bag utricule 16 is less than setting value, spool 23 resets under the application force of Compress Spring 25.
Fuse 1 is provided with two kinds of trigger modes: first kind of way is that hydraulic pressure triggers, and before laying underwater towed-body, is set fuse 1 by main control end, namely according to the triggering hydraulic pressure using the situation in waters to set fuze operation.After having set, when fuse 1 detects that current depth exceedes triggering hydraulic pressure, fuse 1 action is powered to igniter head 12 of gas generator 3, and gas generator 3 produces gas and inflates to safety air bag 4.The second way is that underwater images triggers, when towboat or underwater towed system, mode of operation are abnormal and underwater towed-body does not reach the triggering hydraulic pressure of setting, teleswitch upper computer 6 sends enabled instruction by underwater sound transmitting transducer 21 to the underwater sound receiving transducer 7 on fuse 1, after fuse 1 receives remote control trigger instruction, action is powered to igniter head 12 of gas generator 3, and gas generator 3 produces gas and inflates to safety air bag 4.
After gas generator 3 is inflated to safety air bag 4, safety air bag 4 expands and washes open until safety air bag 4 launches completely by the streamlined reefer housing 5 of periphery under the effect of air pressure inside, and the positive buoyancy effect float downward that underwater towed-body provides at safety air bag 4 is until emerge.Under water in towed body floating-upward process, in order to prevent bursting because external pressure reduces to cause inside and outside differential pressure to cross senior general's safety air bag 4 in towed body floating-upward process under water, gas too much for inside is discharged by now blowdown valve 17 action, prevent safety air bag 4 from bursting because inside and outside differential pressure is excessive, inside and outside differential pressure is remained in setting value.Due to the use of blowdown valve 17, also solve the difficult problem that the present invention is applicable to wider depth of water scope.
Assembling process of the present invention is:
First complete the installation of gas generator 3, be installed on powder column by igniter head 12.Then the installation of gas generator 3 and safety air bag 4 assembly is completed, installation steps are as follows: first, air bag utricule 16 and gas generator 3 are assembled, first air bag utricule 16 is inserted in gas generator 3, again producer flange 13 and air bag flange 15 are installed, and ensure that air-tightness is between the two good; Then, blowdown valve 17 is installed on the interface of air bag utricule 16 correspondence, should first the air in air bag utricule 16 be drained when last blowdown valve 17 is installed.
Then complete the installation of fuse 1, installation steps are as follows: first, installed by the parts in watertight housings 8, are installed on the interface of watertight housings 8 correspondence by fuze control circuit card 10, battery 11 and pressure sensor 9; Then, by watertight cable, underwater sound receiving transducer 7 and fuse 1 watertight housings 8 are connected.
Finally complete the installation of whole safety device and underwater towed-body, installation steps are as follows: be first installed to outside the housing of underwater towed-body by underwater sound receiving transducer 7, then the watertight housings 8 of fuse 1 to be arranged on the mounting bracket in underwater towed-body 2, again by gas generator---air-bag module is installed on underwater towed-body, finally outside safety air bag 4, installs streamlined reefer housing 5.
Teleswitch upper computer 6 is placed on operation ship, is first installed in handheld box 18 by PC control circuit card 19 and upper computer battery 20, then handheld box 18 and underwater sound transmitting transducer 21 is connected by watertight cable.Teleswitch upper computer 6 is placed on the supply chamber on operation ship at ordinary times, during work, underwater sound transmitting transducer 21 is put into water, assigns control command by the corresponding button in operation handheld box 18.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the safety device of an Emergency recovery underwater towed-body, it is installed in the streamlined reefer housing (5) of underwater towed-body, it is characterized in that, it comprises: fuse (1), gas generator (3), safety air bag (4) and teleswitch upper computer (6);
Described fuse (1) is for powering to described gas generator (3), described gas generator (3) produces gas to described safety air bag (4) inflation, and described underwater towed-body traction is gone out the water surface by described safety air bag (4);
Described fuse (1) is provided with two kinds of trigger modes: the first is hydraulic pressure triggering, and the second is the instruction triggers according to described teleswitch upper computer (6).
2. the safety device of a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fuse (1) comprising: the underwater sound receiving transducer (7) receiving the instruction of described teleswitch upper computer (6), watertight housings (8) and being arranged in described watertight housings (8) for the battery (11) detecting the pressure sensor (9) of hydraulic pressure, control circuit board (10) and power to described control circuit board (10).
3. the safety device of a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gas generator (3) comprising: powder column (14), igniter head (12) for described powder column (14) of igniting and for described gas generator (3) being arranged on the producer flange (13) on described streamlined reefer housing (5) inner support.
4. the safety device of a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described safety air bag (4) comprising: air bag utricule (16), be arranged on blowdown valve (17) on described air bag utricule (16) and for described safety air bag (4) being arranged on the air bag flange (15) in described streamlined reefer housing (5).
5. the safety device of a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described teleswitch upper computer (6) comprising: for assign control command handheld box (18), for the underwater sound transmitting transducer (21) that transmits control command and the PC control circuit card (19), the upper computer battery (20) that are arranged in described handheld box (18).
6. the safety device of a kind of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described blowdown valve (17) comprises further: valve body (22), spool (23), the valve gap (24) being provided with deflation hole, Compress Spring (25) and seal ring (26); Wherein, described spool (23) is socketed in described valve body (22), and contact surface is provided with described seal ring (26); Described valve gap (24) is arranged on described valve body (22) upper end, and described Compress Spring (25) noose is upper and inconsistent with described valve gap (24) at described spool (23); When the air pressure in described air bag utricule (16) is greater than setting value, spool described in gas push (23) overcomes the elastic force motion of described Compress Spring (25), and discharge from the deflation hole described valve gap (24), when the air pressure in described air bag utricule (16) is less than setting value, described spool (23) resets under the application force of described Compress Spring (25).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510859178.6A CN105416513B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | A kind of safety device of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510859178.6A CN105416513B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | A kind of safety device of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105416513A true CN105416513A (en) | 2016-03-23 |
| CN105416513B CN105416513B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
Family
ID=55495158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510859178.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105416513B (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | A kind of safety device of Emergency recovery underwater towed-body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105416513B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105761608A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-07-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | UUV multidirectional collision avoidance capability training system with safe protective air bag |
| CN107313763A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-03 | 四川大学 | Engineering rock mass acoustic emission monitor(ing) and Transmission system |
| CN108216494A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-29 | 西安应用光学研究所 | A kind of underwater posture changing levitating device of combustion type of antisurge disturbance |
| CN108639279A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of wave glider for capableing of Emergency recovery |
| CN109443259A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-08 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | A kind of underwater triggering inflation system triggering depth detection apparatus |
| CN110208839A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-06 | 上海海洋大学 | It is a kind of to lose the device and method for abandoning trawlnet netting gear for positioning greater coasting area |
| CN112339913A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-02-09 | 珠海云洲智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for releasing hanging cable of ship, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN114408094A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 宜昌测试技术研究所 | Small-size unmanned ship outboard U type arm |
| CN114524065A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | Interactive actual combat underwater training equipment recovery method |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5666898A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-09-16 | Bell; Wesley K. | Equipment for raising sunken vessels |
| US5860379A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-01-19 | Moody; Kenneth D. | Inflatable floating boat lift |
| CN2465009Y (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2001-12-12 | 刘金禄 | Guiding type safety valve with discharging valve device |
| CN2596671Y (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2003-12-31 | 俞宝鑫 | Digital radio remote control switch |
| CN2673946Y (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-01-26 | 中国兵器工业第二一三研究所 | Gas combustion type prestressed rockbolt |
| CN201235915Y (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2009-05-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | Underwater object salvaging and recovering device |
| CN102030092A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | High-temperature-resistant underwater recovery gas bag |
| CN102417023A (en) * | 2011-10-29 | 2012-04-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | Underwater towed vehicle automatic detaching apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 CN CN201510859178.6A patent/CN105416513B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5666898A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-09-16 | Bell; Wesley K. | Equipment for raising sunken vessels |
| US5860379A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 1999-01-19 | Moody; Kenneth D. | Inflatable floating boat lift |
| CN2465009Y (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2001-12-12 | 刘金禄 | Guiding type safety valve with discharging valve device |
| CN2596671Y (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2003-12-31 | 俞宝鑫 | Digital radio remote control switch |
| CN2673946Y (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-01-26 | 中国兵器工业第二一三研究所 | Gas combustion type prestressed rockbolt |
| CN201235915Y (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2009-05-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | Underwater object salvaging and recovering device |
| CN102030092A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | High-temperature-resistant underwater recovery gas bag |
| CN102417023A (en) * | 2011-10-29 | 2012-04-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一○研究所 | Underwater towed vehicle automatic detaching apparatus |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105761608A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-07-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | UUV multidirectional collision avoidance capability training system with safe protective air bag |
| CN107313763B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-01-10 | 四川大学 | Acoustic emission monitoring and transmission system for engineering rock mass |
| CN107313763A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-03 | 四川大学 | Engineering rock mass acoustic emission monitor(ing) and Transmission system |
| CN108216494A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-29 | 西安应用光学研究所 | A kind of underwater posture changing levitating device of combustion type of antisurge disturbance |
| CN108639279A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of wave glider for capableing of Emergency recovery |
| CN109443259A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-08 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | A kind of underwater triggering inflation system triggering depth detection apparatus |
| CN109443259B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2024-02-09 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Triggering depth detection device of underwater triggering inflation system |
| CN110208839A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-06 | 上海海洋大学 | It is a kind of to lose the device and method for abandoning trawlnet netting gear for positioning greater coasting area |
| CN112339913A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-02-09 | 珠海云洲智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for releasing hanging cable of ship, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN112339913B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-11-02 | 珠海云洲智能科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for releasing hanging cable of ship, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN114408094A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 宜昌测试技术研究所 | Small-size unmanned ship outboard U type arm |
| CN114408094B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-02 | 宜昌测试技术研究所 | Outboard U-shaped mechanical arm of small unmanned ship |
| CN114524065A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | Interactive actual combat underwater training equipment recovery method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105416513B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105416513A (en) | Safety device for emergency recovery of underwater towed body | |
| KR101258643B1 (en) | Apparatus for transmitting distress signal for ship | |
| JP6165788B2 (en) | Controllable buoyancy system | |
| US8670879B1 (en) | Automatically ejecting flight data recorder | |
| US8448592B2 (en) | External rescue and recovery devices and methods for underwater vehicles | |
| US8493715B1 (en) | Automatically ejecting flight data recorder | |
| CN206826898U (en) | A kind of emergency set and underwater unmanned vehicle of high speed underwater unmanned vehicle | |
| CN108454783A (en) | A kind of underwater platform heaving line device with buoy | |
| KR20100091041A (en) | Auv retrieval apparatus | |
| CN111591418A (en) | Self-rescue device for increasing buoyancy of underwater vehicle | |
| CN212500965U (en) | Emergent recovery unit of underwater robot | |
| CN217598812U (en) | Exhaust type auxiliary desilting seabed base | |
| CN108045537A (en) | A kind of automatic buoyancy system of underwater robot | |
| CN114715366B (en) | Emergent floating device that unmanned under water navigation utensils | |
| KR102202064B1 (en) | Flotation apparatus | |
| CN107472485A (en) | A kind of acoustic releaser and its method for releasing | |
| JP6714311B2 (en) | Water rescue signal transmitter | |
| CN207697972U (en) | A kind of emergency life-saving apparatus for use applied to ROV | |
| CN110104147A (en) | A kind of underwater robot emergency protection method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium | |
| CN110239668A (en) | One kind can self-destructed sonar buoy floating air-bag device with stabilizer blade | |
| CN213323562U (en) | Self-sinking mechanism for acoustic drifting buoy | |
| US7484467B1 (en) | Deep water lift system remote pendant | |
| CN113277043B (en) | Positioning device and underwater equipment | |
| CN207241985U (en) | A kind of acoustic releaser | |
| CN215884029U (en) | Fault self-rescue device of underwater intelligent robot |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20171121 Termination date: 20191130 |