CN1054133A - Liquid column type pressure sensitive device - Google Patents
Liquid column type pressure sensitive device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1054133A CN1054133A CN 90108070 CN90108070A CN1054133A CN 1054133 A CN1054133 A CN 1054133A CN 90108070 CN90108070 CN 90108070 CN 90108070 A CN90108070 A CN 90108070A CN 1054133 A CN1054133 A CN 1054133A
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Abstract
The liquid column type pressure sensing device consists of a transparent pipe, a corrugated pipe pressure-volume converter and liquid filled in the converter, wherein one end of the corrugated pipe pressure-volume converter is arranged at one end of the pipe, when the closed end of the corrugated pipe is acted by the pressure of gas or liquid, the liquid column is lifted along the pipe cavity, the pressure of the gas or liquid can be measured by observing the height of the liquid column, resistors can be arranged in the pipe or electrodes can be distributed along the pipe cavity at different heights, the liquid is conductive liquid, when the conductive liquid column is lifted, the resistance value of the resistors in the pipe cavity is correspondingly changed or the conductive liquid column is sequentially connected or disconnected with each electrode, and the liquid column type pressure sensing device can be used as a pressure sensor or a.
Description
The present invention relates to the gas that is applied to it or the pressure-sensitive pressure sensitive device of liquid.
Mercury gage and mercury vacuum gauge are to utilize the difference of the height of the height of the mercury slug of can in glass tube or two mercury slug to come the pressure of measurement gas, it is a kind of liquid column pressure meter, it also is a kind of pressure-sensitive pressure sensitive device to gas, the technology of this gaging pressure is that a kind of eighties of last century is with regard to known technology, as Phil, Mag., 48,110, the Mcleod vacuum meters of 1874 records are exactly a kind of in this liquid column pressure meter, this class liquid column pressure sensitive device does not have many shortcomings, as pressure that can only measurement gas and not the pressure of energy measurement liquid; Can only measurement of vacuum and the pressure of low-pressure gas, the pressure of energy measurement medium-pressure or high pressure gas not; Except the minimum situation of the pressure by air pressure mobility scale of measuring, must adopt mercury as working fluid in this pressure sensitive device, and mercury vapour is a poisonous gas; Do not have sensor function, can not take remote measurement.Owing to there are these shortcomings, therefore this class liquid column pressure sensitive device always can only use as vacuum meter or special pressure gauge, always fail to enter family and become popular weather instrument, never be used for the measurement of fluid pressure, never be used for the measurement of high slightly pressure, and along with development of technology, the mercury vacuum gauge in this class liquid column pressure sensitive device is eliminated from vacuum measurement, and another kind of mercury gage also is eliminated basically.
In fact, liquid column pressure sensitive device still has some good advantages, and as relatively simple for structure, indication is direct etc.For these advantages being kept and developing, make liquid column pressure sensitive device obtain new life, the utility model has provided the novel liquid column pressure sensitive device of a class, and further develop out on this basis can be as the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer, not only can intuitively but also have the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer functionality concurrently and to the responsive liquid column pressure sensitive device of liquid level height.The novel liquid column pressure sensitive device of this class has kept the basic characteristics of the liquid column pressure sensitive device of existing mistake-the translate pressure into variation of fluid column, and can be made into as required be suitable for from low vacuum, atmospheric pressure, low pressure in pressure or the higher various pressure limits such as pressure to gas or/and the vacuum meter that the pressure of liquid is measured or controlled, vacuum manometer, pressure gauge, pressure transducer, liquid level gauge, and hydraulic fluid wherein also can adopt the various liquid that have a wide reach manyly and not necessarily will use mercury.
Of the present invention to gas or liquid presser sensor but can not be as the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer by a transparent pipe, pressure-volume transducer and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material are formed.Transparent pipe can be the pipe of both ends open, also can be the pipe of an end opening one end sealing.The pressure-volume transducer is an elastic cavity device that an aperture is arranged, and its cavity volume can change under the effect of a wall pressure.The aperture of the openend of pipe and pressure-volume transducer by the welding or the bonding closely link into an integrated entity, liquid or liquid and filling material with regard to can in the cavity that surrounds by pipe and pressure-volume transducer.Its concrete structure can have various ways, and Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 has provided the structural drawing of liquid column pressure sensitive device of the pressure of some the most basic energy measurement gases or liquid.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 1 is made up of 2, one plugs 4 of 1, one corrugated tube of a transparent pipe and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material 3.Corrugated tube one end and plug are closely integrally welded, and the other end and pipe closely weld or closely bond and be integral.Pipe, corrugated tube and plug have surrounded a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.Usually be shaped on a step on the plug 4, mutually positioning usefulness during for the welding of corrugated tube and plug.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 2 is made up of 4, one interfaces 5 of 2, one plugs of 1, one corrugated tube of a transparent pipe and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material 3.A through hole 6 is arranged in the interface 5, and an end of through hole 6 and an end of pipe 1 closely weld or tight bond is integral.The closely welding of the surface at one end of corrugated tube 2 and the other end place of the through hole 6 on the interface 5, the other end of corrugated tube is then closely integrally welded with plug 4.Pipe 1, interface 5, corrugated tube 2 and plug 4 have surrounded a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 3 is by 1, one joint 5 of a transparent pipe, and a plurality of 2, one plugs 4 of corrugated tube and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling materials 3 that each other can fit be formed.A through hole 6 is arranged in the joint 5, and an end of through hole and an end of pipe 1 closely weld or tight bond is integral.The surface-welding at one end of each corrugated tube 2 and the other end place of the through hole 6 on the interface 5 is integral, and the other end of each corrugated tube is then integrally welded with plug 4.Through hole 6 can also have some holes, with each corrugated tube between the space interlayer communicate.Outmost at least corrugated tube and interface 5, corrugated tube 2 and plug 4 surround a cavity in each corrugated tube, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 4 is by 4, one joints 5 of 2, one plugs of 1, one corrugated tube of a transparent pipe, and one or more compression spring 7 and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling materials 3 that each other can fit be formed.A through hole 6 is arranged in the interface 5, and an end of through hole 6 and an end of pipe closely weld or tight bond is integral.The surface at one end of corrugated tube 2 and the other end place of the through hole on the interface 5 is closely integrally welded, and the other end of corrugated tube is then closely integrally welded with plug 4.Spring 7 is in corrugated tube, and its axis is generally with the parallel axes of corrugated tube or overlap.Pipe, corrugated tube, interface and plug surround a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 5 is by 2, one plugs 4 of 1, one corrugated tube of a transparent pipe, one or more each other can fit 8, one interfaces 9 of 7, one threaded connectors of compression spring and an amount of liquid 3 form.A through hole 10 is arranged in the threaded connector, and the side is shaped on the cylinder external thread, and an end of through hole and an end of pipe closely weld or tight bond is integral.A straight-through through hole is arranged in the interface 9, be shaped on the cylinder internal thread that the cylinder external thread with threaded connector matches in the through hole.One end of interface 9 and an end of corrugated tube are closely integrally welded, and the other end of corrugated tube and plug are closely integrally welded.Spring 7 between plug and threaded connector and with the corrugated tube coaxial cable.Pipe, threaded connector, interface, corrugated tube and plug 4 surround a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 6 is made up of a transparent pipe 1, corrugated tube 2, cylinder body 14, abutment ring 15, plug 16 and suitable liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material 3.Cylinder body 14 has an internal diameter open cavity and the through hole that with this cavity bottom space communicate bigger than the external diameter of corrugated tube, an end that does not join with open cavity of through hole and an end of pipe closely welding or tight bond are integral, the cylindrical of the accent of open cavity and abutment ring 15 is closely integrally welded, abutment ring is closely integrally welded with an end of corrugated tube again, and the other end of corrugated tube is then closely integrally welded with plug.Corrugated tube and plug are positioned at the cavity of cylinder body.Pipe, cylinder body, abutment ring, corrugated tube and plug surround a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 7 is by 14, one abutment rings 15 of 1, one cylinder body of a transparent pipe, and 2, one plugs 16 of the corrugated tube of a plurality of fits each other and an amount of liquid 3 are formed.Cylinder body 14 has an internal diameter open cavity and the through hole that with this cavity bottom space communicate bigger than the external diameter of a corrugated tube of outermost, an end that does not join with open cavity of through hole and an end of pipe closely weld or closely bond and be integral, the accent of open cavity and the cylindrical of abutment ring are closely integrally welded, abutment ring again with the welding of an end of all corrugated tubes, the other end of all corrugated tubes is then integrally welded with plug, and wherein the welding between the corrugated tube in the inside and abutment ring and the plug is tight welding.Can also be drilled with some through holes on the plug, the space interlayer between each corrugated tube is communicated with the open cavity bottom.Corrugated tube and plug are positioned at open cavity.Pipe, cylinder body, abutment ring, corrugated tube and plug surround a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 8 is made up of 1, one cylinder body of a transparent pipe 14, abutment ring 15, corrugated tube 2, plug 16, one or more compression spring 17 and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material 3 that each other can fit.Cylinder body 14 has an internal diameter open cavity and the through hole that with this cavity bottom space communicate bigger than outside diameter of bel, an end that does not join with open cavity of through hole and an end of pipe closely welding or tight bond are integral, the accent of open cavity and the cylindrical of abutment ring are closely integrally welded, abutment ring is closely integrally welded with an end of corrugated tube again, and the other end of corrugated tube is then closely integrally welded with plug.Corrugated tube and plug are positioned at open cavity.Spring is between plug and open cavity bottom surface.Pipe, cylinder body, abutment ring, corrugated tube and plug surround a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 9 is made up of a transparent pipe 1, threaded connector 8, cylinder body 18, abutment ring 15, corrugated tube 2, plug 16, one or more compression spring 17 and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material 3 that each other can fit.A through hole is arranged in the threaded connector, and the side is shaped on the cylinder external thread, and an end of through hole and an end of pipe closely weld or tight bond is integral.The cylinder internal thread that one end of cylinder body 18 has the cylinder external thread with threaded connector to match, the other end is a cylinder that internal diameter is bigger than the external diameter of corrugated tube, internal thread hole communicates with cylinder bore.The cylindrical of cylinder nozzle and abutment ring is closely integrally welded, and abutment ring is closely integrally welded with an end of corrugated tube again, and the other end of corrugated tube is then closely integrally welded with plug.Corrugated tube and plug are positioned at cylinder.Spring is between plug and threaded connector.Pipe, threaded connector, cylinder body, abutment ring, corrugated tube, plug have surrounded a cavity, liquid or liquid and filling material 3 with regard to can in this cavity.
Above-mentioned liquid column pressure sensitive device can be used as pressure gauge, altitude gauge or liquid level gauge of low vacuum meter, pressure vacuum gage, barometer, various pressure ranges or the like.
Pressure-volume transducer in the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 1 is made up of corrugated tube among the figure 2 and plug 4.Pressure-volume transducer in Fig. 2 and the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 3 is made up of the corrugated tube among the figure 2, plug 4 and interface 5.The pressure-volume transducer of pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 4 is made up of the corrugated tube among the figure 2, plug 4, interface 5 and spring 7.Pressure-volume transducer in the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 5 is made up of corrugated tube 2, plug 4, threaded connector 8, interface 9 and spring 7.Pressure-volume transducer in Fig. 6 and the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 7 is made up of corrugated tube 2, plug 16, abutment ring 15, cylinder body 14.The pressure-volume transducer of pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 8 is made up of corrugated tube 2, plug 16, abutment ring 15, cylinder body 14 and spring 17.Pressure-volume transducer in the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 9 is made up of corrugated tube 2, plug 16, abutment ring 15, cylinder body 14 and spring 17.Pressure-volume transducer in the pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 9 is made up of corrugated tube 2, plug 16, abutment ring 15, cylinder body 14, threaded connector 8 and spring 17.
The bottom of the cylinder body among interface 5, threaded connector 8, plug 4 and 16, abutment ring 15 and Fig. 8 generally all has for corrugated tube or/and spring is located the step of usefulness or/and groove.
Fig. 5 and liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 9 can be adjusted the volume of pressure sensitive device internal cavity and the compression degree of spring by rotation threaded connector 8, more convenient, but after mixing up, generally should with threaded connector 8 and interface 9 or cylinder body 18 closely welding or tight bond get up, can prevent the leakage or the volatilization of liquid 3 like this.
The periphery of the plug 16 among Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 generally is processed with one or some breach, and space interlayer energy and open cavity bottom between corrugated tube and the inboard wall of cylinder block are communicated.
Fig. 1 is to liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 9, pressure on acting on liquid level and act on pressure on corrugated tube and the plug when unequal, when the pressure of corrugated tube and plug both sides is unequal in other words, just be subjected to the pressure reduction unequal power that causes in both sides on corrugated tube and the plug, this power forces the corrugated tube distortion, the volume of the cavity in the pressure sensitive device is changed, force the liquid in the cavity to rise or descend, just know by the height of observing liquid level to act on corrugated tube and the gas that will measure in the plug outside or the pressure of liquid along tube chamber.
The non-welding of the pipe 1 of Fig. 1 to the various liquid column pressure sensitive devices shown in Figure 9 or non-bonding end can be sealing or do not seal.When pipe end did not seal, this pressure sensitive device can not carry out the atmospheric pressure force measurement, because at this moment act on the liquid level with to act on corrugated tube identical with pressure on the plug; This pressure sensitive device also is not suitable for as vacuum meter or low pressure gage, this is because of the atmospheric pressure and the unsteady pressure that act on the liquid level, but often fluctuation, when therefore making vacuum meter or low pressure gage and using, owing to the fluctuation of atmospheric pressure makes measuring accuracy extremely low and can not use; The measuring error that this pressure sensitive device is used for medium and high pressure is just very little.But the liquid 3 in this pressure sensitive device is vulnerable to pollute or is easy to evaporation, thereby therefore the very fast measuring accuracy that reduced preferably makes corrugated with the outer wall of the not blind end of pipe, covers with for example balloon on it again.
When pipe end sealed, the pressure that acts in the pipe on the liquid level just can be controlled arbitrarily, and best is to be evacuated, and also can enclose the gas of certain pressure, and its pressure can be below or above atmospheric pressure.When being evacuated, just can being similar to and regarding zero as acting on pressure on the liquid level, the height of intraluminal fluid face just has nothing to do with intraductal atmospheric pressure like this, and only depends on the gas that will measure or the pressure of liquid.This evacuated liquid column pressure sensitive device can be used as the barometer of measuring atmospheric pressure, can be used as the vacuum meter of measuring low vacuum, can be used as to measure to be higher than atmospheric pressure gauge.
Usually, the liquid column pressure sensitive device as barometer, vacuum meter or low pressure gage can adopt Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or structure shown in Figure 6.When being used as the pressure gauge of measuring elevated pressures, then can adopt Fig. 2 to structure shown in Figure 9.
The diameter of the plug of Fig. 6 to the various liquid column pressure sensitive devices shown in Figure 9 can become movingly with the internal diameter of cylinder body open cavity or cylinder as scheming, and the internal diameter of also comparable open cavity or cylinder is little.
When liquid column pressure sensitive device was used for the pressure of the gas of measuring vessel or liquid, this pressure sensitive device usually will be installed on the wall of container or on the joint of pipeline.For the ease of installing, for interface 5 is arranged, or interface 9 arranged, or Fig. 2 that cylinder body 14 or 18 are arranged is to the liquid column pressure sensitive device of structure shown in Figure 9, on its interface or the cylinder body collar flange can be arranged as the interface among Fig. 25, a ring flange is perhaps arranged as the interface among Fig. 35 or as the cylinder body among Fig. 6, and perhaps an existing collar flange as the interface among Fig. 4 has connecting thread again.When having only collar flange on the interface of liquid column pressure sensitive device or the cylinder body, this pressure sensitive device can only be by on bonding or the welded and installed preformed hole to the chamber wall or on the joint of pipeline.When on the interface of liquid column pressure sensitive device or the cylinder body ring flange being arranged, then with bolt and packing washer with pressure sensitive device be installed on the chamber wall or pipeline on flange on.When having collar flange again connecting thread to be arranged on the interface of liquid column pressure sensitive device or the cylinder body, then pressure sensitive device can be installed on the reservation screw on the chamber wall or be installed on the threaded connector on the pipeline, generally be added with O-ring seal therebetween.In addition, partly mill out in threaded connector and the side that has on externally threaded interface or the cylinder body general also Ying Zaiqi not make screw thread several for the spanner clamping side plane or bore several shallow bore holes that do not communicate with the pressure sensitive device inner chamber, or on the collar flange that collar flange and externally threaded interface or cylinder body are arranged, process several grooves, so that can it be screwed on the corresponding screw with proper implements.The side plane number can be two, and four or six, the quantity of shallow bore hole or groove can be 2,3 or 4.In addition, pressure sensitive device is installed on container wall or the pipeline needed ring flange or screw thread also can not be produced on interface or the cylinder body, and as shown in Figure 1 with flange production on plug 4, or as Fig. 6, as shown in Figure 8 with flange or thread making on abutment ring 15, perhaps screw thread is made tapered tread and is not needed flange.
Through hole 8 in the threaded connector 8, through hole 6 in the interface 5 and the through hole on the cylinder body can be the through holes that leads directly to, or are bent with the through hole of certain angle.
Fig. 1 replaces to also available other the suitable flexible member of the corrugated tube of various liquid column pressure sensitive devices shown in Figure 9, can replace with bellows as corrugated tube and plug in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and the liquid column pressure sensitive device shown in Figure 6.The corrugated tube of the liquid column pressure sensitive device that Fig. 6 is extremely shown in Figure 9 and plug or corrugated tube and plug and abutment ring can replace with diaphragm.
Liquid 3 can be aqueous solution or the mixed liquor of these liquid or the suspension of organic liquid, inorganic liquid, acid, alkali, salt.Wherein the aqueous solution with mercury, water, salt is best.When liquid is colourless or light liquid, be preferably in and wherein add dyestuff or colorant makes it painted, become dark or bright-colored well, as liquid red, black, brown, green isochrome.Liquid preferably adopts expansion coefficient should hang down a little liquid as far as possible.
Corrugated tube can be the corrugated tube of non-welding, also can be welding bellows.Corrugated tube, bellows or diaphragm can be made with brass, or make with tin bronze, or make with phosphor bronze, or make with beryllium-bronze, or make as the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel with stainless steel, or made of plastic.When the used corrugated tube of liquid column pressure sensitive device or bellows or diaphragm are made with brass, tin bronze, phosphor bronze or beryllium-bronze, other part except pipe, liquid and corrugated tube or bellows or diaphragm of this pressure sensitive device generally is to use copper, and brass, tin bronze, phosphor bronze, beryllium-bronze or other aldary are made.When corrugated tube or bellows or diaphragm are when making with stainless steel, other part except pipe, liquid and corrugated tube or bellows or diaphragm of pressure sensitive device generally is to make with the steel of carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel or other composition.In addition, corrugated tube in the liquid column pressure sensitive device or bellows or diaphragm can also plastics such as polyester, polycarbonate, nylon, fluoroplastic, acetal plastic be made preferably with the higher and elasticity of intensity, other part except liquid and corrugated tube or bellows or diaphragm of this pressure sensitive device preferably also is to use plastics, particularly make, but pipe then should be to make with transparent optical plastic with plastics of the same race.When the liquid in the liquid column pressure sensitive device when being the mordant liquid of part to pressure sensitive device or pressure sensitive device will to measure the gas of its pressure or liquid be during to mordant gas of the part of pressure sensitive device or liquid, the inside surface of the pressure-volume transducer of pressure sensitive device is or/and the best etch-proof film of coating one deck on the outside surface, as golden film, platinum film, rhodium film, silicon dioxide film, carbon film or plastic sheeting.
Transparent pipe 1 can be made with glass, or make with fused quartz or make with organic glass, or make with other transparent optical plastic.Pipe can be a straight tube, or L shaped pipe, or, the shape pipe of the mouth of pipe on the arm of side, or the pipe of other suitable shape.In order more clearly to see the fluid column in the pipe clearly, a side of pipe can be white or colored, and this color can join in the material when making pipe, also can be to brush on tube outer wall, or plates or be attached on the tube wall.The scale of expression pressure height and numeral generally can also be arranged or/and the scale and the numeral of scale and the numeral or the expression liquid level height of expression height above sea level are arranged on the pipe.
With above-mentioned can only measurement gas or the pressure of liquid and can not change a transparent resistance tube or an opaque resistance tube into as the transparent pipe in the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer, and to limit can liquid therein be conducting liquid, but then this liquid column pressure sensitive device just become a kind of not only can be intuitively but also the liquid column pressure sensitive device of double as pressure transducer or become a kind of can not watching only can be as the liquid column pressure sensor of pressure transducer.Resistance tube is an eradication edge, has in it along the resistive element of the vertical section setting of tube chamber and the pipe of extraction electrode that an opening or two openings are arranged.The opening of resistance tube and the aperture of pressure-volume transducer still closely link into an integrated entity by welding or bonding.The can amount of conducting liquid or conducting liquid and filling material should guarantee that the conducting liquid total energy contacts with resistive element in measured pressure limit.When the pressure of the gas that will measure or liquid changes, the volume of pressure-volume transducer also changes thereupon and forces conducting liquid to rise or descend along tube chamber, the length that is not dipped in the resistive element in the conducting liquid is changed thereupon, promptly be not dipped in yet in the conducting liquid that partly the resistance value of resistive element corresponding variation can take place, do not immerse in the conducting liquid that partly the resistance value of resistive element or the numerical value of measuring the voltage drop that is produced when a constant voltage is added on formed current value on this part resistive element or measures a steady current by this part resistive element go out to act on pressure on the pressure-volume transducer with regard to energy measurement by measuring.Therefore the liquid column pressure sensitive device that adopts resistance tube becomes the novel pressure transducer of a class with regard to function with pressure transducer.When resistance tube is the transparent resistance pipe, then can both determine the strong height of institute's pressure measurement by the height of observing the conducting liquid fluid column, resistance value that again can be by the measuring resistance body or flow through the electric current of this resistive element or the height that institute's measuring pressure is determined in the voltage drop on this resistive element, be a kind of pressure sensitive device, and existing various pressure gauge and pressure transducer all do not have this dual measurement function with dual measurement function.
The structure of resistance tube can be diversified, and Figure 10 to Figure 18 has provided some structural drawing of resistance tube.
Resistance tube shown in Figure 10 is by pipe 25, is plated in the sheet resistance 26 on the tube wall, an extraction electrode 27 and a line 28 and forms.Sheet resistance can be plated on the whole inwall of pipe, does not perhaps plate completely whole inwall, but is plated to one rectangular.Line 28 couples together sheet resistance and extraction electrode securely.Pipe 25 can be a both ends open, or the sealing of an end opening one end.One end of sheet resistance is connected with extraneous through extraction electrode, and the other end is connected with extraneous through conducting liquid, pressure-volume transducer.
Resistance tube shown in Figure 11 and shown in Figure 10 similar, only sheet resistance 26 is made two, have two extraction electrodes 27 and two lines 28 that the upper end of two sheet resistances is connected with extraneous, the lower end of two sheet resistances links together naturally because of being dipped in the conducting liquid.
Resistance tube shown in Figure 12 is made up of 25, two extraction electrodes 27 of pipe and a strip metal resistance wire 26, and the tensioning of metallic resistance silk is welded on two extraction electrodes.
Resistance tube shown in Figure 13 then is made up of 25, three extraction electrodes 27 of pipe and a strip metal resistance wire 26, and the tensioning of metallic resistance silk is welded on and forms the V font on three extraction electrodes.This structure makes the resistance of resistance 26 that three kinds of selections can be arranged.
To resistance tube shown in Figure 13, extraction electrode is drawn from the sidewall of pipe at Figure 10, because lumen diameter is little, so the welding between resistive element 26 and the extraction electrode is relatively more difficult.
Figure 14 and resistance tube shown in Figure 15 are the modifieds of Figure 12 and resistance tube shown in Figure 13.Resistance tube shown in Figure 14 is by a closed at both ends, and the side has 26, two extension lines 27 of 25, metallic resistance silks of pipe of an opening arm and two pipe caps 30 to form.The resistance wire tensioning is welded on two extension lines, extension line and pipe cap welding, and pipe cap then clings on pipe end.Resistance tube shown in Figure 15 by one with the identical pipe 25 of pipe among Figure 14, a metallic resistance silk 26 that is bent into the V font, article three, extension line 27 and two pipe caps are formed, article three, there are two in the extension line at same pipe end, there is one to be the pipe cap that bipolar electrode is arranged in the pipe cap, two electrodes of this pipe cap with in the welding of two extension lines of same pipe end, another extension line then with the 3rd extension line welding.Two pipe caps are bonded in two ends of pipe respectively.
Figure 16 and resistance tube shown in Figure 17 are the modifieds of Figure 10 and resistance tube shown in Figure 11.Figure 16 and resistance tube shown in Figure 17 all have one one end sealing, a stem stem 31 are arranged, the pipe 25 of the belt carcass post that stem stem 31 and pipe blind end link together in the pipe.In addition, resistance tube shown in Figure 16 also comprises a sheet resistance 26 that is plated on the stem stem, an extraction electrode 27 and a line 28, film can be plated in the surface of whole stem stem, perhaps do not plate completely whole surface but be plated to one rectangular, extraction electrode is outside the blind end fairlead of pipe, and line couples together sheet resistance and extraction electrode securely.Resistance tube shown in Figure 17 also comprises two strip film resistance 26 that are plated on the stem stem, two extraction electrodes 27 and two lines 28, extraction electrode is outside the blind end fairlead of pipe, line couples together sheet resistance and extraction electrode securely, and the lower end of two resistance is immersed in the conducting liquid and couples together naturally.
Resistance tube shown in Figure 180 is the modified of resistance tube shown in Figure 17, has 26, two extension lines 27 of 25, metallic resistance silks of pipe and the pipe cap by two electrodes of the end sealing of stem stem 31 to form by one.The stem stem free end has an a groove or a hole or is sealed with a short circuit terminal.Two ends and extension line firmly welded after resistance wire was walked around this groove or passed this hole, or the welding of the mid point of resistance wire and short circuit terminal, and two ends and extension line firmly weld, two extension lines then with pipe cap on two electrodes weld, pipe cap then is bonded on the blind end of pipe.Can draw the improved structure of resistance tube shown in Figure 16 equally.
When adopting resistance wire, resistance tube is if adopt structure shown in Figure 12,13,14,15,18, and then the resistance value of resistance wire is generally not very big, unless that resistance wire is done is very thin, but too thin resistance wire is easy to damage in process and assembling process.For making resistance wire have bigger resistance value unlikely again too thin, can adopt Figure 19 or structure shown in Figure 20.Figure 19 and resistance tube shown in Figure 20 all have a pipe 25 that comprises a stem stem 31, the end sealing of pipe 25, and stem stem 31 fuses with the blind end of pipe.Be shaped on spiral groove on the stem stem.The free end of the stem stem in resistance tube shown in Figure 19 has an one end to be embedded in metal short circuit terminal in the stem stem, and the free end of the stem stem in resistance tube shown in Figure 20 also has a same quarter butt, or a groove or a hole are arranged.Resistance tube shown in Figure 19 also comprises 26, one extraction electrodes 27 of a metallic resistance silk, and resistance wire is in the helicla flute of stem stem, and an end closely is connected with metal short circuit terminal, and an end then is connected with extraction electrode.Resistance tube shown in Figure 20 then also comprises a metallic resistance silk, article two, extension line 27 and the pipe cap 30 that two electrodes are arranged, the resistance wire bond fix on the metal short circuit terminal or walk around the groove on the stem stem free end or pass hole on the stem stem free end after weld with two extension lines then in the double spiral groove on the stem stem, two electrodes welding on two extension lines and the pipe cap, pipe cap then is bonded on the blind end of pipe.
The material of Figure 12 to Figure 15 and Figure 18 metallic resistance silk to the resistance tube shown in Figure 20 can be platinum, rhodium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel-chrome.Sheet resistance shown in Figure 10,11,16,17 in the resistance tube, its material can be a metal, as platinum, rhodium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel-chrome etc., also can be nonmetal, as indium oxide semiconductor thin film resistors, tin oxide semiconductor sheet resistance, zinc oxide semiconductor thin film resistance or tantalum nitride membrane resistance etc.
The pipe of Figure 10 to the resistance tube shown in Figure 20 is the pipe made from insulating material, can be transparent or opaque fused quartz tube, glass tube, plastic tube.Or opaque ceramic pipe.The resistance tube of opaque pipe only is suitable for making the liquid column pressure sensor, and the resistance tube of transparent pipe can be used for making not only can be intuitively but also can make the pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer.When pipe was lucite pipe, this pipe generally was the pipe made from optical plastic.
Extraction electrode can be copper, platinum matter, tungsten matter, molybdenum matter, ferrochrome, iron-nickel-chromium, kovar alloy, the hungry alloy of silver or Dumet wire.The extraction electrode made from these materials can form gastight combination with glass, therefore be specially adapted to as adopt the glass pipe and need vacuumize or inflate or not inflate can intuitively can make the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer or the extraction electrode of pressure transducer again, and glass tube also is the most common being easy to get and cheap material.If what pipe was used is plastic tube, then also can be with these material extraction electrodes, but because they can not form gastight the combination with plastic tube, therefore the junction that is preferably in extraction electrode and plastic tube is aided with binding material such as epoxy resin etc., to strengthen its sealing, perhaps extraction electrode adopts the expansion coefficient conductive plastics making close or identical with the expansion coefficient of the plastic material of pipe, and the polyacetylene of conduction is exactly a kind of in this conductive plastics.Equally, the sheet resistance among Figure 10,11,16,17 also can adopt the polypyrrole conductive film.
What resistance tube shown in Figure 14,15,18,20 adopted is extension line and pipe cap structure, and in fact extension line and pipe cap can replace with extraction electrode shown in Figure 19.Equally, also available extension line of the extraction electrode of resistance tube shown in Figure 19 and pipe cap replace, extraction electrode in Figure 16 and Figure 17 resistance tube or also available extension line of line and pipe cap replacement in addition.
The conducting liquid of not only can be intuitively but also can do in the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer can be the aqueous solution of mercury, acid, alkali or salt, generally preferably adopts the aqueous solution of mercury or salt.The aqueous solution of salt is preferably coloured, if colourless, then should add dyestuff or colorant and make it to have strikingly color so that watch.Can only can be the aqueous solution of mercury, acid, alkali or salt equally as the conducting liquid in the liquid column pressure sensitive device of pressure transducer, be coloured but not necessarily require conducting liquid.
The liquid column pressure sensitive device of above-mentioned employing resistance tube can be used as pressure gauge, altitude gauge or liquid level gauge of vacuum meter, pressure vacuum gage, barometer, various pressure ranges or the like equally.
Change the resistance tube in the liquid column pressure sensitive device of above-mentioned employing resistance tube the contact pipe of several electrodes into, then this liquid column pressure sensitive device just can be used as pressure-sensitive switch, is particularly suitable for as liquid level gauge.The contact pipe be one thoroughly do away with edge an opening or two openings are arranged, be distributed with the transparent or opaque pipe of the electrodes that several height do not wait along vertical section of tube chamber.The pressure-volume transducer of this liquid column pressure sensitive device can force the conducting liquid in this liquid column pressure sensitive device to rise or descend along tube chamber under liquid level just changes the effect of the pressure that causes, and be switched on or switched off successively with each electrode, this switches on and off as switch.Figure 21 to Figure 24 has provided the structure of some contact pipes.
Contact Guan Youyi shown in Figure 21 thoroughly does away with pipe 25 and some electrodes 33 that distributes along the pipe height of the both ends open of edge and forms.One end of contact Guan Youyi eradication edge shown in Figure 22 seals the pipe 25 of an end opening and several are along the high electrodes that distribute 33 compositions of pipe.
Contact Guan Ze shown in Figure 23 by one thoroughly do away with edge, end pipe 25 sealing, that stem stem 31 is arranged, be plated in the different conductor thin film of some length on the stem stem or the extraction electrode 27 and the line 28 of resistance film and equivalent amount and form.Contact Guan Youyi shown in Figure 24 thoroughly does away with the pipe that stem stem 31 is arranged 25 edge, end sealing, the tinsel 33 that some length is different and form at the extraction electrode 27 of the same quantity of blind end and the short circuit terminal 34 that is embedded on the stem stem, each tinsel 33 just are welded on an extraction electrode and the short circuit terminal.Also can equally with Figure 16 to Figure 18 replace thick extraction electrode for Figure 23 with contact pipe shown in Figure 24 with thin extension line; be the protection extension line; can be again add a pipe cap that the identical electrodes number arranged at pipe end; an electrode welding of each extension line and pipe cap, pipe cap is then by being bonded and fixed on the pipe end.
Contact pipe and resistance tube can be merged into a contact resistance pipe that had not only had contact pipe switching function but also had the resistance tube function in addition.
The material of the material of the material of the material of material, conductor thin film or the resistance film of the insulation tube 25 of composition contact pipe, material wiry, extraction electrode and the insulation tube of composition resistance tube, the material of sheet resistance, material wiry, extraction electrode can be identical.
The insulation tube 25 of forming resistance tube or forming the contact pipe can be straight tube or L shaped pipe or the mouth of pipe on the arm of side the shape pipe or the pipe of other suitable configuration.When pipe is transparent tube, in order more clearly to see the fluid column in the pipe clearly, one side of pipe can be white or colored, this color can join in the material when making pipe and go, also can be that brushing is on tube outer wall, or plating or be attached on the tube outer wall, and the scale of expression pressure height and numeral generally can also be arranged on the pipe or/and the scale and the numeral of scale and the numeral or the expression liquid level height of expression sea level elevation are arranged.
This liquid column pressure sensitive device is no matter make vacuum meter, pressure vacuum gage, barometer, pressure gauge, altitude gauge or liquid level gauge, and all should guarantee all should have fluid column in the tube chamber in whole range ability.When the pressure gauge of making is in the time of will measuring from certain greater than atmospheric pressure P1 to the pressure gauge of another bigger pressure P2, the amount of liquid of can is best in the pressure gauge is at pressure during less than pressure P1, liquid level in the pressure gauge does not enter tube chamber, when pressure reaches P1, liquid level just rises in the tube chamber, and such filling liquid makes and can obtain higher pressure measurement accuracy with short pipe.When what will measure is vacuum tightness, when the range of vacuum tightness is the vacuum tightness lower from certain subatmospheric vacuum tightness P1 to another pressure, the lumen diameter of the end that is not connected with the pressure-volume transducer of manometric pipe 1 can be done a little greatly or make spherical hollow space, the amount of liquid of can preferably guarantees when vacuum tightness is higher than P1, liquid level still is in the large diameter tube chamber, when just thinking that vacuum tightness reaches P1, liquid level is just reduced in the tube chamber of minor diameter, so also can obtain higher pressure measurement accuracy with short pipe.In addition, also the tube chamber of pipe 1 can be made various specific shapes, be made for the surface of revolution that diameter gradually changes as the tube chamber inside surface, so just the force value of measuring can be done further mathematic(al) manipulation and needn't be again through calculating, what for example measure can be the logarithm value of pressure or other.
The expansion coefficient of liquid is generally all very big, so variation of temperature can seriously influence the measuring accuracy of liquid column pressure sensitive device.For making liquid column pressure sensitive device satisfy desired measuring accuracy, can adopt in the following several method one or more:
1. feeding pillar pressure sensitive device adds thermostat.The liquid column pressure sensitive device that adds thermostat can be used as the precision pressure meter, because the linear expansion coefficient of general liquid only is 2/10000ths, manometric on-liquid is partly if not plastics, its expansion coefficient only is 100,000/a bit several, therefore, if temperature variation is controlled at 1～2 ℃, manometric measuring accuracy can reach about per mille, just tube length is long, just can make scale see clearly Chu.
2. adopt the less liquid of expansion coefficient, as the aqueous solution of water or salt, 0 ℃ to room temperature range, its coefficient of volumetric expansion only is 2/10000ths to 3/10000ths.
3. adopt the various parts on the bigger material pressure sensitive device of expansion coefficient, to offset the expansion coefficient of a part of liquid.
4. the internal diameter of pipe 1 can not be too thin, and the lifting that makes fluid column in the pipe is to temperature-insensitive, the promptly unlikely fluid column formula thermometer (as mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer) that becomes.The permission displacement of general corrugated tube can reach 10%～30% of the pitch of waves, and therefore the expansion of the liquid that volume-variation causes than temperature or shrink big tens hundreds of times can realize.
5. the expansion coefficient that adds in the shared volume of liquid is minimum, even the powder, particle, fiber or the block filling material that have negative thermal expansion coefficient in the serviceability temperature scope can compensate the expansion coefficient of liquid.After adding filling material, the expansion coefficient of manometric liquid replaces with regard to the expansion coefficient of amounting to of available liquid packing, it is more much smaller than the expansion coefficient of neat liquid to amount to expansion coefficient, thereby can significantly reduce the influence that temperature change causes pressure measurement accuracy.
Even added powder, particle, fiber or block filling material can be ceramic, glass, fused quartz, carbon, metal can be sand grains.The shape of block filling material can be chosen according to the structure of pressure sensitive device.Place Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 and place in the corrugated tube of liquid column pressure sensitive device of Fig. 8, structure shown in Figure 9 or the shape of the block filling material in the spring is generally right cylinder.Place Fig. 6 outer or/and the shape of the block filling material that spring is outer is generally ring, semi-ring, split ring or spiral to the corrugated tube of the liquid column pressure sensitive device of structure shown in Figure 9.Ring, semi-ring, split ring are mainly used in fills outside the corrugated tube or the part space between the corrugated tube, and semi-ring, split ring, spiral then are used to fill outside the spring or the part space between spring, and spiral also can be used for filling the part space in the spring.In order to fill big as far as possible space, the cross sectional shape of ring, semi-ring, split ring, spiral is should be as far as possible approaching at the cross sectional shape of minimum state (be corrugated tube, when spring is compressed) with the space that will fill.The measuring accuracy of pressure sensitive device is not difficult to reach about 1%～2% of full scale like this, is suitable for the measurement of the not really high low pressure of accuracy requirement, medium-pressure or high pressure pressure.
Liquid column pressure sensitive device except that liquid, filling material or also have other part the pipe all to use the very approaching plastic production of expansion coefficient of expansion coefficient and liquid, so that the expansion coefficient of liquid is done compensation significantly, as add method 5, the expansion coefficient of liquid is compensated completely, thereby can realize high measuring accuracy in theory and needn't control temperature.The maximum pressure of this liquid column pressure sensitive device institute energy measurement depends on the pressure that the corrugated tube with plastic production can bear in limit of elasticity.Because the elastic modulus of plastics is little, limit of elasticity is low, so this class liquid column pressure sensitive device generally is only applicable to the measurement of low vacuum and low pressure, be specially adapted to do barometer, air pressure to differing heights is measured, and changes scale, also can be used as altitude gauge.
7. another kind of very good, even the desirable method of can saying so is that the blind end of pipe is made a bigger cavity, charge into the gas of certain pressure in cavity and the tube chamber, utilize the very big expansion coefficient of gas to compensate the pressure measurement errors that causes because of temperature variation.Its principle is: when temperature raises, liquid 3 increases because of the big volume of expansion coefficient, make liquid-column height surpass theoretical level, gas also will expand simultaneously, but because of the cavity volume of liquid column pressure sensitive device can not expand with the expansion of gas, thereby the interior pressure of gas becomes big, become the flexible member distortion that the big interior compressing of gas makes the pressure-volume transducer, volume increases, thereby absorbs the fluid column that surpasses theoretical level, and vice versa.So just can compensate the pressure measurement errors that causes because of temperature variation well.
When liquid column pressure sensitive device was made popular barometer, an end of transparent pipe can be extracted a ring out or extract a hook out so that hang.Perhaps this barometer is fixed on the scaleplate, should have at least on the scaleplate expression atmospheric pressure value scale and the numeral or/and engrave the expression sea level elevation scale and numeral.Certainly, also be not only as barometrical liquid column pressure sensitive device and just can be equipped with scaleplate, also can be equipped with scaleplate for liquid column pressure sensitive device, the scale and the numeral of expression vacuum tightness, pressure vacuum degree, pressure, sea level elevation or liquid level arranged on the plate as vacuum meter, pressure vacuum gage, pressure gauge, altitude gauge or liquid level gauge.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of pressure-sensitive liquid column pressure sensitive device for gas or liquid, it is characterized in that this pressure sensitive device is transparent by one, the pipe that sealing of one end or two ends are not sealed, the pressure that one aperture is arranged--volume transducer and an amount of liquid or an amount of liquid and filling material are formed, one of pipe blind end and pressure--the aperture of volume transducer does not closely link into an integrated entity by welding or bonding, liquid or liquid and filling material with regard to can by pipe and pressure--in the cavity that the volume transducer surrounds.
2, a kind of pressure-sensitive liquid column pressure sensitive device for gas or liquid, it is characterized in that this pressure sensitive device by a resistance tube transparent or opaque, that an opening or two openings are arranged, form by the pressure-volume transducer in an aperture and an amount of conducting liquid or an amount of conducting liquid and filling material for one.The opening of pipe and the aperture of pressure-volume transducer closely link into an integrated entity by welding or bonding, conducting liquid or conducting liquid and filling material with regard to can in the cavity that surrounds by resistance tube and pressure-volume transducer.
3, a kind of pressure-sensitive liquid column pressure sensitive device for gas or liquid, it is characterized in that this pressure sensitive device by a contact pipe transparent or opaque, that an opening or two openings are arranged, form by the pressure-volume transducer in an aperture and an amount of conducting liquid or an amount of conducting liquid and filling material for one.The opening of pipe and the aperture of pressure-volume transducer closely link into an integrated entity by welding or bonding, conducting liquid or conducting liquid and filling material with regard to can in the cavity that surrounds by contact pipe and pressure-volume transducer.
4,, it is characterized in that wherein pressure-volume transducer is one or more corrugated tubes or by corrugated tube, plug, interface or also have spring or/and abutment ring and cylinder body are formed according to claim 1,2 or 3 described liquid column pressure sensitive devices.
5, liquid column pressure sensitive device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that resistance tube wherein thoroughly does away with pipe edge, that an opening or two openings are arranged by one, the resistive element that is provided with along tube chamber, extraction electrode that an end or two ends of resistive element are drawn tube chamber or extraction electrode and line or thin extension line and pipe cap are formed.
6, liquid column pressure sensitive device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that wherein contact Guan Youyi thoroughly do away with edge, form along the high electrode that distributes of pipe by the pipe of an opening or two openings and several; Or,, an end of film is drawn extraction electrode or extraction electrode and line or the thin extension line and the pipe cap composition of tube chamber along different conductor thin film or the resistance film of length that tube chamber is provided with by eradication pipe edge, that an opening or two openings are arranged; Or,,, the other end wiry is drawn extraction electrode or the thin extension line and the pipe cap composition of tube chamber with the short circuit terminal that an end wiry is fixed along the different tinsel of length that tube chamber is provided with by eradication pipe edge, that an opening or two openings are arranged.
7, according to claim 1,2,3 described liquid column pressure sensitive devices, it is characterized in that wherein filling material be fused quartz or/and pottery or/and glass.
8, according to claim 1,5 or 6 described liquid column pressure sensitive devices, it is characterized in that transparent pipe wherein is a fused quartz tube, or glass tube.
9, a kind of back up pad of liquid column pressure sensitive device, it is characterized in that having on this plate the scale of expression pressure values and numeral or/and the scale and the numeral of height above sea level, or scale and the numeral of representing vacuum tightness or pressure vacuum degree arranged on it, or the scale and the numeral of expression liquid level height are arranged on it.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90108070 CN1054133A (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1990-09-25 | Liquid column type pressure sensitive device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90108070 CN1054133A (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1990-09-25 | Liquid column type pressure sensitive device |
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| CN1054133A true CN1054133A (en) | 1991-08-28 |
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| CN 90108070 Pending CN1054133A (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1990-09-25 | Liquid column type pressure sensitive device |
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| CN109540223A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-29 | 肇庆学院 | The device and method monitored for pipe fluid pressure, temperature, pressure fluctuation |
| CN109540223B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2024-04-19 | 肇庆学院 | Device and method for monitoring fluid pressure, temperature and pressure pulsation in pipeline |
| CN111120720A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-05-08 | 安徽威迈光机电科技有限公司 | Pressure induction head of anti-icing valve system outlet |
| CN111120720B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽威迈光机电科技有限公司 | Pressure induction head of anti-icing valve system outlet |
| CN114636511A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-17 | 陈辉 | Vacuum pressure instrument |
| CN114636511B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2024-03-01 | 四川川府仪表有限公司 | Vacuum pressure instrument |
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