CN105411643A - 可降解医用弹簧圈 - Google Patents
可降解医用弹簧圈 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105411643A CN105411643A CN201510954601.0A CN201510954601A CN105411643A CN 105411643 A CN105411643 A CN 105411643A CN 201510954601 A CN201510954601 A CN 201510954601A CN 105411643 A CN105411643 A CN 105411643A
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- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- composition
- elastic spring
- spring coil
- metal elastic
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可降解医用弹簧圈。该可降解医用弹簧圈包括:裸金属弹簧圈本体,其由镁或者镁合金材料制备。本发明克服了技术偏见,将镁或镁合金作为生物可降解材料应用到医用弹簧圈中,由于镁元素是维持人体正常新陈代谢的过程中不可或缺的元素,医用弹簧圈在降解后的元素可为人体所利用,并可由肾脏和小肠保持其浓度稳定,同时,安全期后会完全降解,没有残留物,避免了占位效应,不会产生金属伪影进而影响后期的影像学随访,具有较强的使用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于动脉瘤、动静脉畸形等疾病治疗的可降解医用弹簧圈。
背景技术
随着国人生活水平和医疗诊断技术的快速提高,各种动脉瘤、动静脉畸形的筛查发病率相应显著增加。对于动脉瘤,其是由于动脉血管的异常改变而产生的血管瘤样突起。当血管内血压突然升高或动脉硬化等情况下,动脉瘤会破裂出血,将导致患者致残或死亡。
针对动脉瘤和动静脉畸形(如,颅内动脉瘤、内脏动脉瘤和外周动脉瘤、动静脉畸形和血管瘤)的国内外治疗方法主要分为外科手术治疗和血管腔内介入治疗两种。近年来,血管外科器械的快速发展和外科手术医疗环境的严峻,使血管腔内介入微创治疗动脉瘤或动静脉畸形越来越受到广大医患人群的重视和认可。目前血管腔内介入治疗主要采用弹簧圈栓塞结合支架植入的技术方案,通过向动脉瘤或畸形血管腔内植入若干弹簧圈(部分病例需要同时植入血管支架),从而改变管腔内血流力学特性,促进动脉瘤或畸形血管腔内血栓形成和血管壁二次重塑,最终达到治疗动脉瘤或动静脉畸形目的。
目前已上市弹簧圈种类主要分为裸金属弹簧圈、水凝胶弹簧圈和生物表面修饰弹簧圈。裸金属弹簧圈成分多采用钨和铂金材料,被预先定型为不同尺寸和形状以供术中栓塞使用。伴随材料科学的发展和诊疗经验的积累,为了解决动脉瘤或畸形血管腔填塞率较低导致的动脉瘤或动静脉畸形复发问题。专家和工程师们进一步提出了水凝胶弹簧圈和生物表面修饰弹簧圈。例如,Microvention公司的弹簧圈产品Hydrocoil是利用亲水凝胶遇血液膨胀填充动脉瘤腔的原理以减少动脉瘤的再通率。Boston公司的涂层弹簧圈Matrix则是通过弹簧圈表面被覆PGLA生物活性涂层,在动脉瘤腔内造成血流阻滞以诱发血栓形成,增强栓塞疗效。此外,市场上还有一种表面负荷涤纶纤维的弹簧圈Axium(EV3公司),纤毛纤维具有一定的致栓性,可促使血栓形成和机化。尽管后者弹簧圈具有独特的生物相容性和促血栓的疗效,成为弹簧圈产品未来的重要发展方向之一。
遗憾的是,在临床治疗过程中,裸金属弹簧圈及基于其基础上研发的水凝胶弹簧圈和生物表面修饰弹簧圈仍然存在着金属残留体内长期安全性和金属弹簧圈占位效应等关键性问题依然没有妥善解决,而且残余金属伪影同样严重影响了随访期间的影像学图像质量。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
鉴于上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种可降解医用弹簧圈,以解决弹簧圈金属材质和快速致血栓化的问题。
(二)技术方案
本发明可降解医用弹簧圈包括:裸金属弹簧圈本体41,其由镁或者镁合金材料制备。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41处于以下两状态其中之一:拉伸状态,在该状态下,裸金属弹簧圈本体被拉伸为丝状;释放状态,在该状态下,裸金属弹簧圈本体为以下形状中的一种或多种的组合:三维螺旋圆柱状、三维锥状和球形螺旋状。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41在释放状态下最宽处的直径介于0.25~0.35mm之间,弹簧丝的直径介于0.02~0.07mm之间。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41为致密缠绕或具有预设间隙缠绕。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈还包括:药物涂层,被覆于裸金属弹簧圈本体41的外表面,该药物涂层的成分包括生物可降解载体以及分散于其中的促血栓药物。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,药物涂层采用以下方式其中之一被覆于裸金属弹簧圈本体41的外表面:超声喷涂、激光镂空、浸涂、喷涂、热喷涂、静电涂敷、溶胶凝胶和超临界液态涂覆。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,促血栓药物为硫酸鱼精蛋白或凝血酶原复合物;和/或生物可降解载体为以下聚合物中的一种聚合物或以下聚合物中的两种或两种以上聚合物组成的共聚物:聚乙交酯PGA、聚乳酸PLA、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚乙烯醇PVA、聚乙二醇PEG。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰合金制备;镁锌锰合金的质量百分比组成中,镁的成分大于90%,锌的成分介于4.5%~5.5%之间,锰的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间,钙的成分小于0.1%。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰钙合金制备;镁锌锰合金的质量百分比组成中,镁的成分大于80%,锌的成分介于4.5%~5.5%之间,锰的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间,钙的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间。
优选地,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈用于动脉瘤或动静脉畸形的治疗。
(三)有益效果
从上述技术方案可以看出,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈具有以下有益效果:
(1)利用镁及镁合金的耐蚀性差的特点,将它们作为生物可降解材料应用到医用弹簧圈中,由于镁元素是维持人体正常新陈代谢的过程中不可或缺的元素,医用弹簧圈在降解后的元素可为人体所利用,并可由肾脏和小肠保持其浓度稳定;
(2)安全期后会完全降解,没有残留物,避免了占位效应,不会产生金属伪影进而影响后期的影像学随访;
(3)镁和镁合金具有优良的物化性能,且可加工性好,利用其制备的医用弹簧圈具有精度和成本方面的优势。
附图说明
图1A是本发明可降解医用弹簧圈在导管输运系统内的示意图;
图1B为图1A可降解医用弹簧圈的横截面示意图;
图2A~图2C为经导管输送系统释放后可降解医用弹簧圈在释放状态填满动脉瘤或动静脉畸形内局部可降解医用弹簧圈的放大示意图;
图3A和图3B分别为本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈填满动脉瘤和动静脉畸形内的示意图。
【符号说明】
10-血管;
20-动脉瘤;
30-动静脉畸形;
40-可降解医用弹簧圈;
41-裸金属弹簧圈本体;42-药物涂层;
42a-生物可降解载体;42b-促血栓药物;
50-导管输运系统。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种可快速致血栓的可降解医用弹簧圈,其采用镁或镁合金制备,其可以在安全期间内有效降解,降解产物被人体吸收或排出,安全可靠,无毒无残留,并且,在裸金属弹簧圈本体外围被覆了药物涂层,该涂层中分散由促血栓的药物,可以促进血栓形成。
镁或镁合金是一种为工程技术人员所熟知的材料,其质轻(密度仅为铝合金的2/3,钢的1/4);比强度和比刚度都高于铝合金和钢;优良的尺寸稳定性与良好的能量吸震性;高达85%以上的废料回收利用率;机械加工容易、焊接性能良好。
同时,镁离子是人体内排名仅次于钾+的第二重要阳离子,其在维持人体正常新陈代谢的过程中不可或缺。
然而,长期以来,人们对镁在生物医学方面的应用存在误解,导致其迟迟不能应用于医疗器械领域。由于镁金属化学性质极为活泼(-2.36VSCE),镁及镁合金的耐蚀性较差,尤其在含有C1-离子的人体生理环境中的表现更是明显。这一问题长久以来一直被认为是镁及镁合金的严重缺陷,也成为限制其作为植入物在生物医学应用领域的最主要原因。
因此,现有文献中的医用弹簧圈,绝大部分为:不锈钢、铑、铼、钯、钨、镍钛合金,还有一部分为聚氨酯等具有记忆性能的材料。并且,现有技术还明确指明弹簧圈的材料应当为耐腐蚀的材料。而就是因为上述误解的存在,人们并没有把镁及镁合金材料应用于生物医学领域。
在不断的生产实践过程中,申请人发现:在细胞外液中镁离子浓度波动于0.70~1.05mmol/L之间,由肾脏和小肠维持其浓度稳定。也就是说,镁或镁合金材料制备的医用弹簧圈在降解过程中所产生的镁元素,一部分被人体所吸收利用,另一部分则可以通过泌尿系统或消化系统排出体外。长期的实验证实,镁或镁合金材料制备的医用弹簧圈在降解过程中并不会引起人体内镁离子的异常波动。在上述发现的基础上,申请人提出了采用镁或镁合金材料制备医用弹簧圈。
本发明提出了一种可降解医用弹簧圈。如图1A和图1B所示,该可降解医用弹簧圈包括:裸金属弹簧圈本体41,其由镁或者镁合金材料制备;以及药物涂层42,被覆于所述裸金属弹簧圈本体41的外表面,该药物涂层的成分包括生物可降解载体42a以及分散于其中的促血栓药物42b。
具体而言,本发明可降解医用弹簧圈具有以下两大特点:
(1)裸金属弹簧圈本体由可降解的镁或者镁合金制作
本发明的申请人克服本领域工作人员的技术偏见,通过逆向思维方法利用镁及镁合金的耐蚀性差的特点,将它们作为生物可降解材料应用到临床医学领域。
在镁的基础上,发明人通过调整镁合金中各种的元素(镁、铁、锰、锌、钙、钇、铼、硅、碳等)比例,获得了满足动脉瘤解剖生理特点及释放系统的生物可降解弹簧圈本体,其力学特征及化学性质符合支撑力和溶解时间安全窗。经过实验筛选以下三种材料:镁、镁锌锰合金、镁锌锰钙合金所制得的医用弹簧圈可以满足实用性要求,材料的详细信息如下。
表1不同镁材料质量百分比组成(%)
同时,为了适应不同形状和尺寸的动脉瘤结构,裸金属弹簧圈本体在释放状态时以三维螺旋圆柱状、三维锥状和球形螺旋状为主,也可以是其中两种形状的组合,例如三维螺旋圆柱状和三维锥状的组合。特别说明的是裸金属弹簧圈本体远端的三维锥状结构,可以通过调节锥形区域的长度以及锥形区两端直径,使弹簧圈末端圈的直径既具有很好的柔软性,同时又不会显著降低弹簧圈的填充体积,而且锥形设计还会提高本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈在导管输送系统50内的通过性,如图1A所示。
(2)在裸金属弹簧圈本体表面被覆的药物涂层
药物涂层42包括:生物可降解载体42a及分散于其中的促血栓药物42b。
其中,此处的促血栓药物是经临床常规使用且安全可靠的药物,它包括但不限于硫酸鱼精蛋白和凝血酶原复合物,这类药物在血液中的局部浓度高于某一临界值时就会快速产生血栓。从安全角度而言,其快速致血栓作用只针对动脉瘤内弹簧圈表面区域,弹簧表面的药物是持续可控的被释放,使动脉瘤或动静脉畸形血管内药物浓度较高,其快速致血栓后流溢到动脉瘤或畸形血管外的药物浓度将会显著降低,因此达不到临界值的药物浓度不会对动脉瘤或畸形血管外部血管产生堵塞,且伴随动脉瘤和畸形血管快速愈合将不会有额外药物流溢到病变区外引起后期不良反应。
其中,促血栓药物42b分散于生物可降解载体42a中,两者被覆在裸金属弹簧圈本体41表面,形成药物涂层42。所述药物涂层42在裸金属弹簧圈本体41表面形成的工艺可为如下任一工艺或如下工艺中一种或几种的组合:超声喷涂、激光镂空、浸涂、喷涂、热喷涂、静电涂敷、溶胶凝胶和超临界液态涂覆工艺。
需要说明的是,裸金属弹簧圈本体表面被覆的药物涂层并非本发明所必须的,在某些情况下也可以省略。
以下给出本发明的多个典型实施例。
第一实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈包括:裸金属弹簧圈本体41以及被覆于裸金属弹簧圈本体41表面的药物涂层42。
其中,裸金属弹簧圈本体41由纯镁材料,即表1中99.0%纯镁,制备。该裸金属弹簧圈本体41的一级直径(即在释放状态下最宽处的直径)最佳范围是0.25~0.35mm,它可以是致密缠绕的,也可以是具有预设间隙缠绕的。根据弹簧柔软度的不同要求,弹簧丝径的最佳范围是0.02~0.07mm。同时弹簧圈经热处理定型后具有不同的三维形状以适应不同形状动脉瘤和动静脉畸形,典型的形状分为三维螺旋圆柱状、三维锥状或球形螺旋状。
图2A~图2C为经导管输送系统释放后可降解医用弹簧圈在释放状态填满动脉瘤或动静脉畸形内局部可降解医用弹簧圈的放大示意图。释放后根据病变特征分为三维螺旋圆柱状,如图2A所示;三维锥状,如图2B所示;球形螺旋状,如图2C所示。
促血栓药物42b分散于生物可降解载体42a中,形成药物涂层的原料。其中,促血栓药物42b可为硫酸鱼精蛋白或凝血酶原复合物,生物可降解载体42a可为聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)或这些聚合物的共聚物,例如乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物。硫酸鱼精蛋白是一种抗肝素药,它能够与手术过程中使用的肝素结合,使肝素失去作用从而产生血栓止血;凝血酶原为凝血重要物质,其代谢物凝血酶为重要促凝血物质。
图3A和图3B分别为本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈填满动脉瘤和动静脉畸形内的示意图。如图3A和图3B所示,血管10上的一个动脉瘤20和动静脉畸形30,可降解医用弹簧圈40填满动脉瘤20和动静脉畸形30内。可降解医用弹簧圈40包括:裸金属弹簧圈本体41和药物涂层42。
当这些可降解医用弹簧圈40经由导管输送系统50植入动脉瘤20或动静脉畸形30中后,可降解医用弹簧圈表面药物涂层内的促血栓药物(例如硫酸鱼精蛋白或凝血酶原)会缓慢的释放出来,当在动脉瘤20或动静脉畸形30中的浓度到达某一临界值后,会快速的产生血栓,直到最后将整个动脉瘤或动静脉畸形完全栓塞,当病变区被栓塞后,实际能够溢出病变区的促血栓药物很少,即使有一些,也会被流动的血液迅速的稀释到更低的浓度,因此不会对血管的其他部位造成堵塞。
在可降解医用弹簧圈40植入动脉瘤或动静脉畸形一段时间内(30~45天),裸金属弹簧圈本体表面的可降解载体42a在体内降解后的最终产物是二氧化碳和水,且可降解载体的降解产生的低聚物会促进血栓转化为动脉瘤愈合所需的纤维细胞组织,从而加速动脉瘤20或动静脉畸形30的愈合。同时裸金属弹簧圈本体41的金属成分镁离子会缓慢释放入血液,并通过肝肾循环代谢。
第二实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为90%;锌的成分为5.5%;锰的成分为1.2%;钙的成分小于0.1%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
第三实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为92%;锌的成分为5%;锰的成分为1%;钙的成分小于0.1%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
第四实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为93%;锌的成分为5.5%;锰的成分为0.8%;钙的成分小于0.1%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
第五实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰钙合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰钙合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为80%;锌的成分为5.5%;锰的成分为1.2%;钙的成分为1.2%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
第六实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰钙合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰钙合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为90%;锌的成分为5%;锰的成分为1%;钙的成分为1%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
第七实施例
本实施例可降解医用弹簧圈与第一实施例大体相同,区别仅在于裸金属弹簧圈本体41由镁锌锰钙合金材料制备。
在该镁锌锰钙合金材料中,各种组分的质量百分比组成为:镁的成分为93%;锌的成分为4.5%;锰的成分为0.8%;钙的成分为0.8%。除了上述四种元素成分之外,该镁锌锰合金材料还包含其他元素成分。
实验证明,该可降解医用弹簧圈满足应用要求。
以上多个实施例充分证明在本发明可降解医用弹簧圈用于栓塞人体血管病变的时候,可以根据填充情况,选择不同形状和直径产品有效填充动脉瘤或畸形管腔,同时有效解决现有市场流通的弹簧圈术后仍然存在金属残留,发生占位效应及金属伪影影响影像学随访等问题,且代谢产物十分安全。当然,在人体血管内流体压力较大、流速较快或堵塞面积较大时,结合其他辅助技术(如裸支架),亦能有效地、准确地、致密地堵塞动脉瘤或动静脉畸形。
至此,已经结合附图对本实施例进行了详细描述。依据以上描述,本领域技术人员应当对本发明可降解医用弹簧圈有了清楚的认识。
需要说明的是,在附图或说明书正文中,未绘示或描述的实现方式,均为所属技术领域中普通技术人员所知的形式,并未进行详细说明。此外,上述对各元件和方法的定义并不仅限于实施例中提到的各种具体结构、形状或方式,本领域普通技术人员可对其进行简单地更改或替换,例如:
(1)关于裸金属弹簧圈本体的尺寸、镁合金的成本,本领域技术人员可以根据需要合理选择,而不局限于上述实施例;
(2)关于裸金属弹簧圈,除了三维螺旋圆柱状、三维球状或三维锥状,还可以有其他的形状;
(3)本文可提供包含特定值的参数的示范,但这些参数无需确切等于相应的值,而是可在可接受的误差容限或设计约束内近似于相应值;
(4)实施例中提到的方向用语,例如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等,仅是参考附图的方向,并非用来限制本发明的保护范围。
综上所述,本发明提供一种利用镁或镁合金材料制作的可降解医用弹簧圈,该可降解医用弹簧圈既可以在植入快速产生血栓,促进血栓转化为纤维组织细胞;同时还会在安全期间内有效降解,降解产物为人体必备金属要素,达到动脉瘤和动静脉畸形重塑期间,安全代谢、无毒无残留的作用,并且不会影响后期的影像学随访,具有较强的实用价值。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,包括:
裸金属弹簧圈本体(41),其由镁或者镁合金材料制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)处于以下两状态其中之一:
拉伸状态,在该状态下,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体被拉伸为丝状;
释放状态,在该状态下,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体为以下形状中的一种或多种的组合:三维螺旋圆柱状、三维锥状和球形螺旋状。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)在释放状态下最宽处的直径介于0.25~0.35mm之间,弹簧丝的直径介于0.02~0.07mm之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)为致密缠绕或具有预设间隙缠绕。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,还包括:
药物涂层,被覆于所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)的外表面,该药物涂层的成分包括生物可降解载体以及分散于其中的促血栓药物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述药物涂层采用以下方式其中之一被覆于所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)的外表面:超声喷涂、激光镂空、浸涂、喷涂、热喷涂、静电涂敷、溶胶凝胶和超临界液态涂覆。
7.根据权利要求5所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于:
所述促血栓药物为硫酸鱼精蛋白或凝血酶原复合物;和/或
所述生物可降解载体为以下聚合物中的一种聚合物或以下聚合物中的两种或两种以上聚合物组成的共聚物:聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)由镁锌锰合金制备;
所述镁锌锰合金的质量百分比组成中,镁的成分大于90%,锌的成分介于4.5%~5.5%之间,锰的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间,钙的成分小于0.1%。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,所述裸金属弹簧圈本体(41)由镁锌锰钙合金制备;
所述镁锌锰合金的质量百分比组成中,镁的成分大于80%,锌的成分介于4.5%~5.5%之间,锰的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间,钙的成分介于0.8%~1.2%之间。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的可降解医用弹簧圈,其特征在于,用于动脉瘤或动静脉畸形的治疗。
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