CN105409506A - Preparation method of sugarcane leaf compost for preventing and curing crop root-knot nematode disease, as well as prevention and cure method using sugarcane leaf compost - Google Patents
Preparation method of sugarcane leaf compost for preventing and curing crop root-knot nematode disease, as well as prevention and cure method using sugarcane leaf compost Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of sugarcane leaf compost for preventing and curing a crop root-knot nematode disease, as well as a prevention and cure method using the sugarcane leaf compost. The preparation method includes the steps of (1), collecting sun-dried sugarcane leaves discarded in fields and taking the collected sun-dried sugarcane leaves back; (2), smashing the collected sugarcane leaves, putting the smashed sugarcane leaves into a plastic bucket, adding water into the plastic bucket with stirring uniformly by a wood stick while adding the smashed sugarcane leaves, making the sugarcane leaves moist sufficiently and compacting the sugarcane leaves in the plastic bucket so as to make the whole plastic bucket full of the treated sugarcane leaves; (3), sealing the plastic bucket by a double-layer cover for anaerobic fermentation so as to obtain a compost product, wherein water supplementation and oxygen supplementation by opening the sealing cover are avoided during anaerobic fermentation. The preparation method and the prevention and cure method have the advantages that as proved by pot experiments, different applying dosages of sugarcane leaf compost have a certain effect in controlling the tomato root-knot nematode disease, and the root-knot control efficiency of applying the sugarcane leaf compost with the dosages 100g/pot, 200g/pot and 300g/pot is 45.36%, 64.29% and 80.71%, respectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural wastes recycling and root knot nematode control field, be specially and select common agricultural wastes compost control root-knot nematode.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of the intensive agricultural of China and processing industry, the solid organic castoff of a large amount of agricultural and processing industry is wasted, as paddy rice, sugarcane, seeding corn and other crops stalk on-site incineration, this is severe contamination environment not only, also greatly waste the raw material of organic fertilizer product, cause a large amount of nutrients resources (C, N, P, K, S and trace element) to run off outside soil-botanical system simultaneously.Compare on-site incineration, Composting treatment can promote that the energy utilizes again preferably.Compost is under microbial action, make organic matter humification and innoxious and become the process of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, in the organic process of microbial decomposition, not only generate Available N, P, K compound that can be absorbed and used by plants in a large number, and important active substances--the humus forming soil fertility can be synthesized, be therefore a kind of extraordinary fertilizer.
Various microbiologic population can be produced in composting process, form good microbial resources storehouse.So compost is except having " fertilizer efficiency ", also have " drug effect ", the sprouting of many soil-borne pathogens, growth, breeding can be suppressed, inhibitory action is shown to the soil-borne disease of various vegetables, flowers, fruit.But it is also relatively less at present, to utilize compost to prevent and treat the research of root knot nematode disease at home.Root-knot nematode disease is important soil-borne disease, and general time underproduction 10%-15%, reaches 30%-40% time serious, even have no harvest.In recent years, along with the expansion of Greenhouse area, the factor impacts such as protectorate is airtight, high temperature, high humidity and cropping index increase, root knot nematode disease in increasing the weight of trend year by year, and rises to the important disease in production.Therefore, the compost with " fertilizer efficiency " and " drug effect " can be considered in the research preventing and treating root knot nematode disease to be applied.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new material preventing and treating root of the crop Root-knot, another object of the present invention effectively utilizes agricultural wastes, turns waste into wealth, kill two birds with one stone.
The present invention for material, discloses a kind of preparation method of compost with a kind of common agricultural wastes, provides new material and the new method of control root-knot nematode.Guangxi is the main growing area of sugarcane, and a large amount of sugarcane tops produced after harvesting sugarcane generally all arbitrarily abandon, and are not utilized very well.This compost is material with sugarcane top, and concrete grammar is as follows:
Prevent and treat a preparation method for the sugarcane top compost of root of the crop Root-knot, comprise following step:
Step (1) is collected and is abandoned the sugarcane top dried in field, and takes back;
The sugarcane top collected is pulverized by step (2), puts into sky Plastic Drum, adds the sugarcane top of pulverizing, while stir with waddy after adding water, make sugarcane top fully moistening, finally compressed by the sugarcane top in bucket, the sugarcane top after making it make process is full of whole Plastic Drum;
Step (3) adds Double layer lid sealing, and carry out anaerobic fermentation, period does not keep the skin wet, and does not open seal cover delivery of supplemental oxygen yet and divides, and obtains compost product.
Wherein, sugarcane top is fully moistening reach with hand-tight possess the state that a small amount of moisture oozes out after, now sugarcane top all speckles with moisture and becomes loose condition (of surface), space is larger each other, when finally being compressed by the sugarcane top in bucket, there is no space each other, to reach anaerobic state.
Preferably, in described step (3), the time of anaerobic fermentation is 5 months, and the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is normal temperature.
Preferably, the capacity of described Plastic Drum is 30kg, is highly 43cm, and diameter is 32cm.
Present invention also offers a kind of prevention and controls adopting the sugarcane top compost of control root of the crop Root-knot prepared by the present invention, comprise following step:
Steps A: obtain the sugarcane top compost fermented as stated above, adopts the inoculation of sick soil inoculation method, is first repeatedly mixed by the sick soil with root-knot nematode to reach the uniform state of worm amount, then loads in plastic flowerpot; Three fertilizer gradients established by compost, and blank does not execute any fermentation product; Test adopts the tomato seeds being subject to root-knot nematode and infecting, and early stage carries out nursery process, when seedling grows to 4-5 sheet true leaf, chooses the consistent tomato seedling of healthy growing way and transplants after one week in fertilising,
Step B: gather rhizosphere soil shellfish graceful funnel method after mixed soil and before fertilising and investigate initial insect density, transplants after 35 days under the prerequisite not injuring Tomato Root System, gathers rhizosphere soil investigation insect density now; Transplant the plant height of using scale and tape measure tomato after 70 days respectively and stem is thick, gather rhizosphere soil simultaneously and investigate the insect density after 70 days; Revision insect recluced rate, the insect population preventive effect of 35 days and 70 days is calculated respectively by above investigation result; And in 70 days afterwards unification extract old complaint, according to Pyatyi grade scale, calculate disease index and the root knot preventive effect of each process, Pyatyi grade scale is as follows:
Grade scale: 0 grade: root system is without root knot
1 grade: the 1%-5% of root system has root knot
2 grades: the 6%-20% of root system has root knot
3 grades: the 21%-40% of root system has root knot
4 grades: the 41%-70% of root system has root knot
5 grades: more than 71% of root system has root knot
Disease index=(Σ (plant number × progression at different levels))/(investigating total strain number × 5) × 100
Root knot preventive effect (%)=(contrast disease index ﹣ process disease index)/contrast disease index × 100
Insect population number × 100 before Revision insect recluced rate (%)=(before process the rear insect population number of insect population number ﹣ process)/process
Insect population preventive effect (%)=(after process Revision insect recluced rate ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate)/(100 ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate) × 100.
Preferably, in described steps A, three fertilizer gradients established by compost: 100g/ basin, 200g/ basin, 300g/ basin.
Preferably, in described steps A, each process 4 repetition, the strain of every basin 3.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can find out that sugarcane top compost different administration amount has certain preventive and therapeutic effect to tomato root-knot eelworm disease by pot experiment, use sugarcane top compost 100g/ basin, 200g/ basin, the root knot preventive effect of 300g/ basin is respectively 45.36%, 64.29%, 80.71%.Each process all has certain facilitation to the growth of tomato, and plant height and stem girth are significantly higher than contrast.
Embodiment
Below preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
The sugarcane top compost fermented is obtained by following method:
(1) first collection abandons the sugarcane top dried in field.
(2) secondly the sugarcane top collected is pulverized, at 30kg (high 43cm, diameter 32cm) empty Plastic Drum in, while add the sugarcane top of pulverizing, stir while add water, make sugarcane top fully moistening, reach by the hand-tight state possessed a small amount of moisture and ooze out, finally the sugarcane top in bucket is compressed, make it be full of whole Plastic Drum.
(3) finally add Double layer lid sealing, carry out anaerobic fermentation under normal temperature, period does not keep the skin wet and oxygen divides, and obtains compost product after 5 months.
Adopt sick soil inoculation method to inoculate again, first the sick soil with root-knot nematode is mixed repeatedly to reach the uniform state of worm amount, then load high 27cm, in the plastic flowerpot of diameter 36cm.Three fertilizer gradients established by compost: 100g/ basin, 200g/ basin, 300g/ basin, blank does not execute any fermentation product.Test adopts the tomato seeds being subject to root-knot nematode and infecting, and early stage carries out nursery process, when seedling grows to 4-5 sheet true leaf, chooses the consistent tomato seedling of healthy growing way and transplants after one week in fertilising, each process 4 repetition, the strain of every basin 3.Routine Management.
Gather rhizosphere soil 100ml shellfish graceful funnel method after mixed soil and before fertilising and investigate initial insect density, transplant after 35 days under the prerequisite not injuring Tomato Root System, gather rhizosphere soil 100ml investigation insect density now.Transplant the plant height of using scale and tape measure tomato after 70 days respectively and stem is thick, gather rhizosphere soil simultaneously and investigate the insect density after 70 days.Revision insect recluced rate, the insect population preventive effect of 35 days and 70 days is calculated respectively by above investigation result.And in 70 days afterwards unification extract old complaint, according to Pyatyi grade scale, calculate disease index and the root knot preventive effect of each process.
Grade scale: 0 grade: root system is without root knot
1 grade: the 1%-5% of root system has root knot
2 grades: the 6%-20% of root system has root knot
3 grades: the 21%-40% of root system has root knot
4 grades: the 41%-70% of root system has root knot
5 grades: more than 71% of root system has root knot
Disease index=(Σ (plant number × progression at different levels))/(investigating total strain number × 5) × 100
Root knot preventive effect (%)=(contrast disease index ﹣ process disease index)/contrast disease index × 100
Insect population number × 100 before Revision insect recluced rate (%)=(before process the rear insect population number of insect population number ﹣ process)/process
Insect population preventive effect (%)=(after process Revision insect recluced rate ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate)/(100 ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate) × 100
Result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 sugarcane top compost is to the potted plant control efficiency of tomato root-knot eelworm
There is good preventive effect to tomato root-knot eelworm under sugarcane top compost three kinds of amounts of application as can be seen from Table 1, and significantly improve along with consumption increases preventive effect.The effect using the process control tomato root-knot eelworm disease of sugarcane top compost 300g/ basin is best, and the average population preventive effect of 35d and 70d is respectively 79.47% and 83.81%, and average root knot preventive effect is 80.71%.The process of next to be amount of application be 200g/ basin, the average population preventive effect of 35d and 70d is respectively 72.67% and 79.47%, and average root knot preventive effect is 64.29%.Use the process of compost, plant height and stem girth all comparatively contrast remarkable increase.But difference is little between the process of different administration amount.Can learn more than comprehensive, use sugarcane top compost and can not only prevent and treat tomato root-knot eelworm disease, can also Promoting plant growth.The preventive effect wherein using sugarcane top 300g/ basin is best, and keeps good fertilizer efficiency.
Embodiment 2
The sugarcane top compost fermented is obtained by following method:
(1) first collection abandons the sugarcane top dried in field, and takes back.
(2) secondly the sugarcane top collected is pulverized, loading capacity is 30kg (high 43cm, diameter 32cm) Plastic Drum in, while add the sugarcane top of pulverizing, to stir with waddy while add water, make sugarcane top fully moistening, reach by the hand-tight state possessed a small amount of moisture and ooze out, now sugarcane top all speckles with moisture and becomes loose condition (of surface), and space is larger each other.Finally compressed by the sugarcane top in bucket, do not have space each other, to reach anaerobic state, the sugarcane top after process is full of whole Plastic Drum.
(3) finally add Double layer lid sealing, carry out anaerobic fermentation under normal temperature, period does not keep the skin wet does not open seal cover delivery of supplemental oxygen yet and divides, and obtains compost product after 7 months.
Adopt sick soil inoculation method to inoculate again, first the sick soil with root-knot nematode is mixed repeatedly to reach the uniform state of worm amount, then load high 27cm, in the plastic flowerpot of diameter 36cm.Get 200g sugarcane top compost to apply in flowerpot and compost and soil to be mixed, blank does not execute any fermentation product.Test adopts the cucumber seeds being subject to root-knot nematode and infecting, and early stage carries out nursery process, when seedling grows to 4-5 sheet true leaf, chooses the consistent tomato seedling of healthy growing way and transplants after one week in fertilising, each process 4 repetition, the strain of every basin 2.Routine Management.
After mixed soil and before fertilising, collection rhizosphere soil 100ml shellfish graceful funnel method investigates initial insect density, transplant to use respectively after 30 days the plant height of scale and tape measure tomato and stem thick.Transplant after 35 days under the prerequisite not injuring cucumber root, gather rhizosphere soil investigation insect density now.Potted plant 50d gathers rhizosphere soil investigation insect density, and old complaint is extracted in unification, according to Pyatyi grade scale, calculates disease index and the root knot preventive effect of each process.
Grade scale: 0 grade: root system is without root knot
1 grade: the 1%-5% of root system has root knot
2 grades: the 6%-20% of root system has root knot
3 grades: the 21%-40% of root system has root knot
4 grades: the 41%-70% of root system has root knot
5 grades: more than 71% of root system has root knot
Disease index=(Σ (plant number × progression at different levels))/(investigating total strain number × 5) × 100
Root knot preventive effect (%)=(contrast disease index ﹣ process disease index)/contrast disease index × 100
Insect population number × 100 before Revision insect recluced rate (%)=(before process the rear insect population number of insect population number ﹣ process)/process
Insect population preventive effect (%)=(after process Revision insect recluced rate ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate)/(100 ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate) × 100;
Result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
Table 2 can be found out, the compost obtained after sugarcane top ferments 7 months still has good preventive and therapeutic effect to cucumber early stage, and 35d average population preventive effect is 100%, but after 50d, insect population preventive effect drops to 51.25%.Have better control efficiency to root knot after 50d, average root knot preventive effect is 47.22%.Use the average plant height of process of sugarcane top compost and average stem girth all comparatively to contrast and have remarkable result, visible compost has certain fertilizer efficiency to cucumber.Comparatively tomato is slightly poor may be that preventive effect reduces because crop is different or sugarcane top fermentation time is longer to cucumber integrated control effect to infer compost.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. prevent and treat a preparation method for the sugarcane top compost of root of the crop Root-knot, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:
Step (1) is collected and is abandoned the sugarcane top dried in field, and takes back;
The sugarcane top collected is pulverized by step (2), puts into sky Plastic Drum, adds the sugarcane top of pulverizing, while stir with waddy after adding water, make sugarcane top fully moistening, finally compressed by the sugarcane top in bucket, the sugarcane top after making it make process is full of whole Plastic Drum;
Step (3) adds Double layer lid sealing, and carry out anaerobic fermentation, period does not keep the skin wet, and does not open seal cover delivery of supplemental oxygen yet and divides, and obtains compost product.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), the time of anaerobic fermentation is 5 months, and the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is normal temperature.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the capacity of described Plastic Drum is 30kg, is highly 43cm, and diameter is 32cm.
4. adopt a prevention and controls for the sugarcane top compost of the control root of the crop Root-knot prepared by claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:
Steps A: obtain the sugarcane top compost fermented as stated above.Adopt the inoculation of sick soil inoculation method, first the sick soil with root-knot nematode is mixed repeatedly to reach the uniform state of worm amount, then load in plastic flowerpot.Three fertilizer gradients established by compost, and blank does not execute any fermentation product; Test adopts the tomato seeds being subject to root-knot nematode and infecting, and early stage carries out nursery process, when seedling grows to 4-5 sheet true leaf, chooses the consistent tomato seedling of healthy growing way and transplants after one week in fertilising,
Step B: gather rhizosphere soil shellfish graceful funnel method after mixed soil and before fertilising and investigate initial insect density, transplants after 35 days under the prerequisite not injuring Tomato Root System, gathers rhizosphere soil investigation insect density now; Transplant the plant height of using scale and tape measure tomato after 70 days respectively and stem is thick, gather rhizosphere soil simultaneously and investigate the insect density after 70 days; Revision insect recluced rate, the insect population preventive effect of 35 days and 70 days is calculated respectively by above investigation result; And in 70 days afterwards unification extract old complaint, according to Pyatyi grade scale, calculate disease index and the root knot preventive effect of each process, Pyatyi grade scale is as follows:
Grade scale: 0 grade: root system is without root knot
1 grade: the 1%-5% of root system has root knot
2 grades: the 6%-20% of root system has root knot
3 grades: the 21%-40% of root system has root knot
4 grades: the 41%-70% of root system has root knot
5 grades: more than 71% of root system has root knot
Disease index=(Σ (plant number × progression at different levels))/(investigating total strain number × 5) × 100
Root knot preventive effect (%)=(contrast disease index ﹣ process disease index)/contrast disease index × 100
Insect population number × 100 before Revision insect recluced rate (%)=(before process the rear insect population number of insect population number ﹣ process)/process
Insect population preventive effect (%)=(after process Revision insect recluced rate ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate)/(100 ± contrast Revision insect recluced rate) × 100.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), three fertilizer gradients established by compost: 100g/ basin, 200g/ basin, 300g/ basin.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step (1), and each process 4 repetition, the strain of every basin 3.
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