CN105406153B - A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex - Google Patents
A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105406153B CN105406153B CN201510725967.0A CN201510725967A CN105406153B CN 105406153 B CN105406153 B CN 105406153B CN 201510725967 A CN201510725967 A CN 201510725967A CN 105406153 B CN105406153 B CN 105406153B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- catholyte
- anolyte
- battery
- bridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
- H01M12/065—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to battery technology fields,More particularly to a kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex,Including anode plate,Cathode plate and electrolyte,The electrolyte includes anolyte,Catholyte and bridge electrolyte,The anolyte is contacted with anode plate,The catholyte is contacted with cathode plate,The bridge electrolyte is placed between anolyte and catholyte,Between the bridge electrolyte and anolyte,It is respectively arranged with amberplex between bridge electrolyte and catholyte,The anode plate,Cathode plate respectively with anolyte,Catholyte contacts and electrochemical reaction occurs,The bridge electrolyte passes through amberplex and anolyte respectively,The conduction ion of catholyte selectivity,Not only greatly expand battery the moon,The range of choice of anode material,And be conducive to battery the moon,The electrochemical reaction of anode reaches optimum state simultaneously,Significantly improve its chemical property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of to realize the new of more electrolyte structures using amberplex
Type battery.
Background technology
Battery (Battery) refer to fill electrolyte solution and metal electrode with cup, slot or other containers for generating electric current or
Chemical energy can be converted to the device of electric energy, utilize the battery as energy source, can be had by the segment space of clad vessel
There is burning voltage, stabling current, long-time stable power supply, by the electric current of ectocine very little, and battery structure is simple, carries
Convenient, charge and discharge are easy to operation, do not influenced by outside climatic and temperature, stable and reliable for performance, in modern society's life
In various aspects performance have great role.
Currently, the battery having been commercialized in the market, such as lithium ion battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-zinc cell and metal-air
Battery, mainly based on single electrolyte.However there are two big technical problems for the battery structure of single electrolyte：(1) due to battery
Cathode, anode are inserted directly into same electrolyte, therefore cell cathode, anode material must be simultaneous with the list electrolyte simultaneously
Hold, when developing new battery, greatly limits the range of choice of cell cathode, anode material；(2) ingredient of single electrolyte and dense
Degree it is difficult to ensure that during battery use the electrochemical reaction of cathode and anode simultaneously reach optimum state (maximum activity), it is unfavorable
Its best chemical property is played in battery.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art offer is a kind of to realize more electrolyte using amberplex
The novel battery of structure, not only greatly expands the range of choice of battery cathode and anode material, but also is conducive to battery yin, yang
The electrochemical reaction of pole reaches optimum state simultaneously, significantly improves its chemical property.
The purpose that the invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex, including anode plate, cathode plate and electricity
Liquid is solved, the electrolyte includes anolyte, catholyte and bridge electrolyte, and the anolyte connects with anode plate
Tactile, described catholyte is contacted with cathode plate, and the bridge electrolyte is placed between anolyte and catholyte, described
It is respectively arranged with amberplex between bridge electrolyte and anolyte, between bridge electrolyte and catholyte.
Wherein, be provided with cation-exchange membrane between the anolyte and bridge electrolyte, the catholyte with
It is provided with anion-exchange membrane between bridge electrolyte.
Wherein, the anode plate is compatible with anolyte, and the cathode plate is compatible with catholyte.
As a preferred option, the anode plate is zinc metal sheet.
As a preferred option, the cathode plate is air electrode (Gas Diffusion Electrode, GDE).
As a preferred option, the anolyte is KOH solution.
As further preferred scheme, a concentration of 1~6mol/L of the KOH solution.
As a preferred option, the catholyte is hydrochloric acid solution.
As further preferred scheme, a concentration of 1~6mol/L of the hydrochloric acid solution.
As a preferred option, the bridge electrolyte is the Klorvess Liquid of 1~4mol/L.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention's realizes more electrolyte using amberplex
The novel battery of structure, including anode plate, cathode plate and electrolyte, the electrolyte include anolyte, catholyte
Liquid and bridge electrolyte, the anolyte is contacted with anode plate, the catholyte is contacted with cathode plate, the bridge electricity
Solution liquid is placed between anolyte and catholyte, between the bridge electrolyte and anolyte, bridge electrolyte with it is cloudy
Be respectively arranged with amberplex between the electrolyte of pole, the anode plate, cathode plate respectively with anolyte, catholyte
Electrochemical reaction is contacted and occurs, the bridge electrolyte is selected by amberplex and anolyte, catholyte respectively
The conduction ion of selecting property, not only greatly expands the range of choice of battery cathode and anode material, but also is conducive to battery yin, yang
The electrochemical reaction of pole reaches optimum state simultaneously, significantly improves its chemical property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the novel battery of three electrolyte structures of embodiment 1.
In figure：1- anode plates, 2- cathode plates, 3- anolytes, 4- catholytes, 5- bridge electrolyte, 6- cations
Exchange membrane, 7- anion-exchange membranes.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of novel battery for realizing three electrolyte structures using amberplex of the offer of the present embodiment,
Including anode plate 1, cathode plate 2 and three kind of electrolyte, three kinds of electrolyte respectively includes anolyte 3, catholyte
Liquid 4 and bridge electrolyte 5, the anolyte 3 is contacted with anode plate 1, the catholyte 4 is contacted with cathode plate 2, institute
It states bridge electrolyte 5 to be placed between anolyte 3 and catholyte 4, between the bridge electrolyte 5 and anolyte 3, bridge
It is respectively arranged with amberplex between electrolyte 5 and catholyte 4.
The anode plate 1, cathode plate 2 of the present embodiment contact with anolyte 3, catholyte 4 and electrification occur respectively
Learn reaction, the bridge electrolyte 5 respectively by amberplex and anolyte 3,4 selectivity of catholyte conduction from
Son, cell cathode and anode material need not be compatible with a kind of electrolyte simultaneously, on the contrary, the cathode plate 2 of the present embodiment only need to be with
Catholyte 4 is compatible with, and the anode plate 1 only need to be compatible with anolyte 3, thus when developing new battery system, pole
The earth has widened the range of choice of cathode and anode material；The ingredient of anolyte 3, catholyte 4 can be adjusted separately
Ensure the battery electrochemical reaction that anode plate 1 and cathode plate 2 participate in use with concentration while reaching optimum state
(maximum activity), to significantly improve the chemical property of battery.
Wherein, cation-exchange membrane 6, the catholyte are provided between the anolyte 3 and bridge electrolyte 5
Anion-exchange membrane 7 is provided between 4 and bridge electrolyte 5, the cation-exchange membrane 6, anion-exchange membrane 7 selectivity
Conduct ion so that the bridge electrolyte 5 becomes the channel of ionic conduction, realizes that with anolyte 3 electrification occurs for anode plate 1
Reaction is learned, with catholyte 4 electrochemical reaction occurs for cathode plate 2.
Wherein, the anode plate 1 is compatible with anolyte 3, and the cathode plate 2 is compatible with catholyte 4, solves
In the prior art anode material, cathode material must simultaneously it is compatible with single electrolyte, caused by limitation material selection technology
Problem.
As a preferred option, the anode plate 1 is zinc metal sheet.
As a preferred option, the cathode plate 2 is air electrode (Gas Diffusion Electrode, GDE).
As a preferred option, the anolyte 3 is KOH solution.
As further preferred scheme, a concentration of 1~6mol/L of the KOH solution.
As a preferred option, the catholyte 4 is hydrochloric acid solution.
As further preferred scheme, a concentration of 1~6mol/L of the hydrochloric acid solution.
As a preferred option, the bridge electrolyte 5 is the Klorvess Liquid of 1~4mol/L.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of novel battery for realizing four or more electrolyte structure using micro-fluidic technologies of the present embodiment, this implementation
Example with embodiment 1 difference lies in：The bridge electrolyte 5 may include it is multiple, the multiple bridge electrolyte 5 collectively form connection sun
Ion conduction channel between pole electrolyte 3 and catholyte 4, be respectively arranged between the multiple bridge electrolyte 5 for
The amberplex that ion passes through.
Other technical characteristics of the present embodiment are no longer repeated herein with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3, chemical property experiment
According to scheme described in embodiment 1, anode plate 1 selects zinc metal sheet, cathode plate 2 to select air electrode, anolyte 3
Select the KOH solution of a concentration of 6mol/L, catholyte 4 that the hydrochloric acid solution of a concentration of 3mol/L, bridge electrolyte 5 is selected to select
The Klorvess Liquid of 3mol/L makes electrolyte battery more than four, as experimental group 1~4 respectively；According to the routine of the prior art
Scheme, anode select zinc metal sheet, cathode that air electrode, electrolyte is selected to select the KOH solution of 6mol/L, make four single electricity respectively
Solve solution battery, as a control group 1~4, the open-circuit voltage and peak power output of experimental group, control group battery are surveyed respectively
Amount, experimental measurements are as shown in table 1.
1 experimental measurements of table
| Battery | Open-circuit voltage | Peak power output |
| Control group 1 | 1.49V | 88mW cm-2 |
| Control group 2 | 1.50V | 90mW cm-2 |
| Control group 3 | 1.50V | 89mW cm-2 |
| Control group 4 | 1.49V | 88mW cm-2 |
| Experimental group 1 | 2.01V | 130mW cm-2 |
| Experimental group 2 | 2.00V | 129mW cm-2 |
| Experimental group 3 | 2.01V | 130mW cm-2 |
| Experimental group 4 | 2.01V | 129mW cm-2 |
From 1 measurement result of table：The open-circuit voltage and peak power output of more electrolyte batteries of the present invention are bright
It is aobvious to be better than traditional single electrolyte battery, show that more electrolyte batteries of the present invention compare traditional single electrolyte battery, in electricity
Have in chemical property and is obviously improved.
Some embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex, including anode plate, cathode plate and electrolysis
Liquid, it is characterised in that：The electrolyte includes anolyte, catholyte and bridge electrolyte, the anolyte
Contacted with anode plate, the catholyte is contacted with cathode plate, the bridge electrolyte is placed in anolyte and catholyte
Between liquid, ion friendship is respectively arranged between the bridge electrolyte and anolyte, between bridge electrolyte and catholyte
Change film；Cation-exchange membrane, the catholyte and bridge electrolyte are provided between the anolyte and bridge electrolyte
Between be provided with anion-exchange membrane；
The anode plate is zinc metal sheet, and the cathode plate is air electrode；The anolyte is the KOH solution of 1~6mol/L,
The catholyte is the hydrochloric acid solution of 1~6mol/L, and the bridge electrolyte is the Klorvess Liquid of 1~4mol/L；
Anolyte, the ingredient of catholyte and concentration are adjusted separately to ensure battery anode plate and the moon in use
The electrochemical reaction that pole plate participates in reaches optimum state simultaneously.
2. the novel battery according to claim 1 for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex, it is characterised in that：
The anode plate is compatible with anolyte, and the cathode plate is compatible with catholyte.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510725967.0A CN105406153B (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex |
| PCT/CN2016/090964 WO2017071318A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2016-07-22 | Novel battery utilizing ion exchange membrane to realize multi-electrolyte structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510725967.0A CN105406153B (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105406153A CN105406153A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| CN105406153B true CN105406153B (en) | 2018-09-14 |
Family
ID=55471503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510725967.0A Active CN105406153B (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2015-10-29 | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105406153B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017071318A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105355958B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-03-30 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | A kind of novel battery that more electrolyte structures are realized using micro-fluidic technologies |
| CN105406153B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-09-14 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex |
| CN105406154B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-05-25 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize amberplex and more electrolyte structure batteries of micro-fluidic technologies |
| CN112054251B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-08-12 | 贲安能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Water system sodium ion battery with controllable internal reaction environment |
| CN114204166B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-01-09 | 清远道童新能源有限公司 | Metal air battery |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1922343A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-02-28 | 爱托特奇德国股份有限公司 | Baths, systems and processes for electroplating zinc-nickel ternary and higher alloys and articles so electroplated |
| CN101714680A (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-05-26 | 中国人民解放军63971部队 | Rechargeable metal-air redox flow battery combining electrochemical preparation |
| CN202744628U (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2013-02-20 | 库特勒自动化系统(苏州)有限公司 | Recovery processing system for silicon wafer alkaline corrosion waste liquor |
| CN103000924A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-27 | 清华大学 | Organic phase dual flow battery |
| CN103270636A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-08-28 | 西门子私人有限公司 | Electrodialysis systems and methods for energy generation and waste treatment |
| CN104716304A (en) * | 2013-12-15 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Zinc-nickel double-fluid flow battery |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56153666A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1981-11-27 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Chemical element for conversion of light energy |
| KR100878742B1 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-01-14 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Enzymatic hydrogen production device by using anodized tubular tio2 electrode, solar cell and nanofiltration membrane |
| DE102008055082A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | reference electrode |
| CN202058354U (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-30 | 石家庄学院 | Portable galvanic cell instrument |
| CN105406154B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-05-25 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | It is a kind of to utilize amberplex and more electrolyte structure batteries of micro-fluidic technologies |
| CN105355958B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-03-30 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | A kind of novel battery that more electrolyte structures are realized using micro-fluidic technologies |
| CN105406153B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-09-14 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex |
| CN105355991A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 广州道动新能源有限公司 | Method for realizing cell switching of multi-electrolyte battery by using conduction of electrolytes |
-
2015
- 2015-10-29 CN CN201510725967.0A patent/CN105406153B/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-07-22 WO PCT/CN2016/090964 patent/WO2017071318A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1922343A (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-02-28 | 爱托特奇德国股份有限公司 | Baths, systems and processes for electroplating zinc-nickel ternary and higher alloys and articles so electroplated |
| CN101714680A (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2010-05-26 | 中国人民解放军63971部队 | Rechargeable metal-air redox flow battery combining electrochemical preparation |
| CN103270636A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-08-28 | 西门子私人有限公司 | Electrodialysis systems and methods for energy generation and waste treatment |
| CN103000924A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-27 | 清华大学 | Organic phase dual flow battery |
| CN202744628U (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2013-02-20 | 库特勒自动化系统(苏州)有限公司 | Recovery processing system for silicon wafer alkaline corrosion waste liquor |
| CN104716304A (en) * | 2013-12-15 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Zinc-nickel double-fluid flow battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105406153A (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| WO2017071318A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105406153B (en) | A kind of novel battery for realizing more electrolyte structures using amberplex | |
| Reed et al. | Performance of Nafion® N115, Nafion® NR-212, and Nafion® NR-211 in a 1 kW class all vanadium mixed acid redox flow battery | |
| US9269983B2 (en) | Flow battery | |
| Lai et al. | A novel single flow zinc–bromine battery with improved energy density | |
| Nam et al. | Enhanced hydrogen generation using a saline catholyte in a two chamber microbial electrolysis cell | |
| AU2013274244A1 (en) | Multiple-membrane multiple-electrolyte redox flow battery design | |
| Cheng et al. | Performance gains in single flow zinc–nickel batteries through novel cell configuration | |
| Ressel et al. | Performance of a vanadium redox flow battery with tubular cell design | |
| CN105355958B (en) | A kind of novel battery that more electrolyte structures are realized using micro-fluidic technologies | |
| WO2009040335A3 (en) | High temperature electrolyser with temperature homogenisation device | |
| CN105406154B (en) | It is a kind of to utilize amberplex and more electrolyte structure batteries of micro-fluidic technologies | |
| Weng et al. | High voltage vanadium-metal hydride rechargeable semi-flow battery | |
| KR101163996B1 (en) | a redox flow secondary cell having metal foam electrodes | |
| WO2017071321A1 (en) | Method utilizing conduction of electrolytes to realize turning on/off of cell of battery having multiple electrolytes | |
| CN111416129B (en) | Acid-base asymmetric electrolyte zinc-quinone battery | |
| CN205159473U (en) | Two electrolyte aluminium air microfluid batteries of a new generation's high power capacity | |
| CN109728314A (en) | A kind of the flow battery structure and method of the magnetic-particle adhesive electrodes of externally-applied magnetic field | |
| CN103904352B (en) | Zinc electrolyte for flow battery and preparation method thereof | |
| CN209798117U (en) | Hydrogen production device with series structure | |
| KR20110092860A (en) | Sn or ce ion-added electrolytes for soluble lead acid redox flow battery and batteries comprising the same | |
| CN107871881A (en) | A kind of electrolyte for vanadium cell and preparation method thereof | |
| Su et al. | Design, fabrication and preliminary study of a mini power source with a planar six‐cell PEM unitised regenerative fuel cell stack | |
| CN110071317A (en) | A kind of tin bromine flow battery | |
| CN104882619B (en) | A kind of field is catalyzed controlled fuel battery | |
| CN108649239A (en) | A method of regulation and control oxide type elctro-catalyst crystal lattice stress |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |