CN105403242B

CN105403242B - A kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method and system

Info

Publication number: CN105403242B
Application number: CN201510266617.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汤兆平; 孙剑萍; 刘举平; 杨建国; 刘欢; 唐帅
Original assignee: East China Jiaotong University
Current assignee: East China Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2015-05-22
Filing date: 2015-05-22
Publication date: 2019-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 2035-05-22
Also published as: CN105403242A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method, this method steps flow chart includes that arc light is changed into electric signal, handles electric signal analysis, analyzed vibration signal, hard spot value, GPS accurate positioning is calculated；A kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system, the system specifically include that photoelectric sensor, acceleration transducer, signal regulating device, isolating transformer, capture card, control computer, display, memory, GPS locator.The present invention effectively combines acceleration detection hard spot with Photoelectric Detection hard spot, and by dual differentiation, more accurate differentiation can be made to hard spot；Using advanced GPS positioning module, the accurate positioning to contact net hard spot is realized, searches and maintenance failure is simple, Development of High Speed Railway can not be adapted to by, which avoiding, needs and judge by accident, fail to judge.

Description

A kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method and system

Technical field

The invention belongs to locomotive pantograph net hard spot detection technique field more particularly to a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration are comprehensive Close detection and GPS positioning method and system.

Background technique

High-speed railway develops on a large scale, so that having the electric power for the advantages such as power is big, overload capacity is strong and speed is fast to lead Drawing locomotive becomes the inexorable trend of development, and more stringent requirements are proposed for this bow net characteristic to train, and hard spot is to influence bow One of the principal element of gateway system, its generation can to pantograph, contact net, locomotive electric apparatus, traction electric machine, tractive transformer with And entire locomotive power supply system all damages.Iron transport (2007) No. 69 files " contact net operating maintenance regulation " notify it is attached The provisional evaluation criteria of contact net dynamic detection project is defined in record, clearly to 160km/h grade route and 200km/h in regulation The hard spot of grade route has done grade classification, and the evaluation criteria of 250km/h grade route temporarily contrasts 200km/h grade route, tool Body is as shown in table 1-1: table 1-1 hard spot category division

Trial operation for china railway the 6th time speed-raising and EMU is prepared, and the Ministry of Railways is to Beijing-Guangzhou Railway Anyang-at the beginning of 2007 Meng Miao, Gansu Province Yucheng Hai Xian-very much a 1828km contact net route to be detected, and find that the hard spot of 50g and 50g or more is more altogether Up at 2941, at averagely every kilometer 1.609.The presence of the above a large amount of hard spots directly expose existing contact net quality far from Meet the requirement for starting 200km/h and the above EMU, the Ministry of Railways is wanting to have carried out contact within the scope of raising speed railway extensively at once The big control of net hard spot.On April 18 the same year, china railway has carried out the 6th speed-raising on a large scale, subsequent to summarize railway the 6th It is secondary success raise speed experience have shown that, accurately detect and administer hard spot and reinforce high-speed electric railway bow net construction and daily inspection Work is repaired, is that train being capable of safety, the important leverage of high-speed cruising.

Serious damaging consequences caused by bow net hard spot are that block of bow collector of electric locomotive turns over bow so that bow goat's horn bores net, scrapes disconnecting Net-fault dropper, even causes contact net ground connection or motorcycle pantograph ground connection to burn at serious destruction contact net fixing piece and geometric dimension Disconnecting is touched net, and the harmful consequences of most serious will affect the traffic safety and transport order of trunk railway, cannot be simply with loss The amount of money is measured.Electric railway train weight is big, speed is fast, once accident between pantograph occurs, it is impossible to it stops immediately, thus thing Therefore it is all bigger to the destruction of contact net and pantograph, repair, restoring electricity needs the long period, caused by directly or indirectly damage Mistake is all very serious, and comparison is more the reason of induce accident between pantograph, may not only have been caused by pantograph, but also may be by contacting Net causes, it is also possible to which other reasons cause (route, natural calamity etc.).The bow net of railway contact line Pantograph-OCS system was joined in the past Number detection is mainly completed by catenary design periodic detection, but with the speed-raising of railway, the growth of operating line and Rate of traffic flow it is bigger, more being highlighted using the inconvenience that hard spot is surveyed in detection car test, but since its is at high cost, a road bureau only has one Platform or several, when detection may road occupying influence other locomotive operations, though catenary design detection is comprehensively, data are accurate right In the reason of the detection of hard spot only has data and cannot distinguish pantograph very well or the reason of contact net.Drawn by contact net, Accident caused by pantograph accounts for the overwhelming majority (90% or so) of entire accident between pantograph sum.Since locomotive and contact net belong to Road bureau's difference division management, locomotive returns maintenance department and contact net returns power supply department, after there is accident between pantograph in the past, they again all The evidence of respective equipment state can not be provided, so the divisions of responsibility in accident has difficulties.

Speed per hour is being studied to up to 600 kilometers of train by China at present, is named as the test train of higher speed, wheel Rail technology, aerodynamic performance and pantograph contact line relation are the big core technologies of higher speed train three.Southern vehicle four directions locomotive technology center Design trial Liang Jianying commander test higher speed train scene says: " all the time " bouble-bow is flowed " technology be perplex engineer Technical problem because vehicle is in high-speed cruising, anterior arch take it is fluent cross contact net when, will form an excitation wave, cause The offline possibility of cantle increases, and influences the hauling ability of vehicle." locomotive the speed of service it is faster, safety of the hard spot to locomotive Influence on system operation is bigger, thus it is concluded that hard spot will also become the problem for restricting the operation of locomotive high-speed secure from now on And long-term existence.

Contact net hard spot be bow net construction, maintenance in through being commonly encountered the problem of, it may be said that be the intrinsic category of bow net contact Property, we can not prevent its generation completely, can only reduce the number of its generation and reduce its generation bring harm.Contact net Hard spot Producing reason is complicated, there is the reasons such as design, construction, maintenance, bow net material, line quality, most common detection mode It is to pass through the contact force and contact force of detection motorcycle pantograph and contact line from the mechanical mechanism study for generating hard spot Suddenly change (i.e. acceleration) detects hard spot.Its principle is: a=(P+G-T-N)/m, and a hangs down in formula for pantograph pan mass center To acceleration；M is pantograph pan normalized wave function；P is bow net contact pressure；G is pantograph pan gravity；T is sliding for pantograph The spring supporting power that plate is subject to；N is the air lifting force that pantograph pan is subject to.Ignore do not consider G, T, N under the influence of, can To find out acceleration a and the linear proportional relation of contact pressure P, hard spot is thus detected.But this method still has not in the field Few missing inspection miss detection occurs, and pantograph and catenary fault happens occasionally, " the stepping quantization measurement especially proposed after locomotive significantly raises speed The drawbacks of acceleration thinking ", this method, is more obvious.

Italy, Japan, the country such as Germany begin to dock very early as the relatively advanced country of high-speed railway in the world Net-fault hard spot is studied and is detected, but most detection devices do not detect merely hard spot, while also detecting stagger (contact line Deviate pantograph center), height of contact wire (distance of conductor spacing rail level), offline (disengaging of pantograph and contact net) Etc. parameters, for evaluating pantograph-catenary current collection performance and line quality.Detection device can be divided into contactless and contact from system structure The detection device of formula, Italy and Austria mainly emphasizes Contact Line Detection geometric parameter, referred to as non-contact detecting, and Japan, Germany, the Contact Line Detection equipment of France are close, are mainly used to test bow net kinetic parameter, referred to as contact measurement.

The Contact Line Detection equipment of Italian TECNocRAMM company exploitation, mainly uses laser irradiation, servo tracking and The video camera of image processing techniques, the detection device is pulled by line motor, by the speed and video camera this life of line motor Positioning accuracy guarantee the centering of video camera and contact line, the equipment is calibrated to stagger and conductor height measurement, to hard spot, The analysis of the parameters such as contact pressure needs more hi-vision technology, and it is also not high to calculate complicated and precision.

The contact net dynamic detection system of Germany is to have used special detection pantograph, respectively in two center of distance There are two contact pressure sensor and a vertical direction impact accelerations for horizontal direction and horizontal path direction dress at 500mm Sensor, is also equipped with Slope Transducer, conducting wire proximity sensor on the pantograph collector head, equipped with measurement contact on pantograph pedestal The sensor of line height and the photoelectric sensor for measuring locomotive speed, mainly for detection of the contact pressure between bow net, conducting wire Highly, the information such as impact acceleration (hard spot), body oscillating, system provide two sets of data and automatically analyze scheme: a set of energy is automatic Analyze contact pressure and line and branch off defect, it is another set of need to be manually entered detection parameters (stagger, impact acceleration, conductor height, Network pressure etc.) valve value, system can automatically analyze the data of upper and lower limit beyond valve value, can to find out failure Real-time display or printing catenary's parameters curve graph, according to the curves such as the contact pressure of display, stagger, impact acceleration, energy It enough analyzes and determines out the defect of overlap, split-phase, dropper, line trouble, anchor point etc., and is shown in the form of channel kilometer target Show the position of defect, accuracy, the reasonability of the detection system detection parameters are accepted by the contact net expert of many countries.

The contact net contactless detection device that German BB company develops mainly uses servo tracking and image procossing skill Art.Specific practice is that 4 CCD cameras and 3 spotlights are mounted side by side in roof, mobile by servo tracking, makes contact line It is imaged in the ccd camera, then by scan picture, calculates height of contact wire and stagger.The device does not have The function of hard spot is directly detected, but by there is arc light in observation image, it can be found that position existing for contact net hard spot, but this Method does not have the ability of quantitative analysis hard spot.

The contact force testing equipment that Japan develops is needed to install 3 force snesors between the slide plate and substrate of bow, be led The change of line and pantograph contact forces can be such that resistance strain gage deforms, and change so as to cause the balance of electric bridge, measure and connect Touch, the big place of contact force are detected as hard spot, and since the quality of slide plate, substrate is big, the detection made has error, and makes Force snesor frequency response does not catch up with the variation of contact force yet, which has much room for improvement.Its speed per hour 275km developed East-i high-speed detection train uses accelerograph in detection hard spot, pantograph impact.

With the development of the technologies such as ultrasonic wave, laser, application of the non-contact detection method in Pantograph-OCS system context of detection Also more and more, it is mainly used for measuring stagger, leads high and abrasion of contact wire, the less of hard spot is able to detect, by photoelectricity two Pole pipe is placed on the focal point of lens system, the optical receiver that can independently export is housed in lens system, by offline electric spark The electric signal output for being converted to amplification, to realize the detection most basic to the offline electric spark of bow net.But the system is unstable, easily It is affected by the surrounding environment.

Traditional bow net hard spot detection method is to install acceleration transducer on pantograph head, by detection pantograph and Contact net couples impact acceleration when being flowed during locomotive operation to detect hard spot, but analysis and testing result all show The vertical acceleration of pantograph pan is only tested, does not consider that slide plate self weight, the support force of pantograph bracket and air are pneumatically answered Power can eliminate many pantograph and catenary fault hidden danger come the method for analyzing hard spot really, but be also easy wrong report and fail to report.In the world first Into detection hard spot method be by detect bow net contact pressure calculate because contact pressure suddenly change It is the basic reason for causing hard spot to generate.Contact pressure not only can reflect the degree of contact net hard spot shock, can also be from connecing The waveform of touch changes and frequency domain characteristic furthers investigate bow net problem；The sixties in last century, China just start to Pantograph-OCS system The research of safety, locomotive running speed is lower (average rate 40km/h) that kind, and the main object of research and detection is that contact net is quiet State structural parameters, such as stagger, line trouble, height of contact wire, because these parameters are not up to standard to cause locomotive operation failure Main cause, the eighties in last century, the catenary design that China is voluntarily studied predominantly detect the 80km/h contact net of operation Offline, height, deviant.

With the continuous promotion of the performance of locomotive, speed is significantly improved, and starts more concern reaction contact net quantity of operation The main dynamic parameter of problem: contact pressure, conductor height, hard spot etc., if electrical engineering institute, Southwest Jiaotong University is 1998 The JJC-1 type Contact Line Detection device that year succeeds in developing detects contact pressure, acceleration, stagger using being equipped on slide plate Etc. multiple sensors pantograph, contact net is detected during locomotive operation, which can satisfy speed per hour The detection that 160km/h route requires contact net, China has in the improvement of Pantograph-OCS system safety and hard spot even to this day High achievement.

The bow net hard spot detection device principle of all faithful and upright persons et al. design are as follows: respectively install one pair in the two sides of pantograph collector head To acceleration transducer, the impact condition that pantograph is subject to along line direction and vertical direction is detected respectively.In high voltage end, Sensor signal is converted through signal processing, multi-channel A/D, becomes digital signal, using microprocessor coding and checking treatment, by Wireless transmitter module is sent.In low-pressure end, wireless receiving module receives data, and data are sent to PC machine by serial ports and are carried out Data preservation, display and alarm etc., are further processed.By the test of many times that is carried out on SS4 type locomotive the result shows that, Above-mentioned motorcycle pantograph hard spot impulse detection and the scheme of data transmission are practical.

The device of the detection bow net hard spot of Gao Xiaorong et al. design is passed also in 2 strain-type acceleration of installation on bow Sensor is that transmission mode is isolated in the high-low voltage of signal different from the place of the hard spot detection device of all faithful and upright persons et al. design, Sensor signal passes through coding first, is then transformed into infrared signal by optical sender, then sends, finally by The photoreceiver for being mounted on locomotive roof low voltage side receives and is reduced to electric signal, to realize that the isolation of high-low pressure passes It is defeated.Another place showed ingenuity of the device is that the acceleration transducer signals restored are divided without being passed to host computer immediately Analysis, and be previously stored in the equipment of locomotive, after locomotive entering garage, it will test data and be dumped in ground-based computer by serial ports Off line data analysis is carried out, to find out hard spot；Detection examination of the device in the electric locomotive of Chengdu Railway Bureau inland river locomotive depot It tests and shows: using the impact acceleration of strain gauge acceleration transducer measurement pantograph, reflecting the size of contact wire hard spot, institute Obtain data accuracy height, entire measuring system strong antijamming capability, high reliablity.

Currently, domestic development or installing the devices of a variety of bow net hard spot fault diagnosises on locomotive.Based on adding The various devices that velocity sensor measures hard spot are all substantially similar in the method for acquisition signal, are all in motorcycle pantograph bow Upper installation acceleration transducer, but since bow net impact is in the hyperbaric environment of 27.5KV, it is necessary to taking measures will be on high-tension side The measuring device of detection device and low-pressure side carries out high electrical isolation, so there are many differences in the isolation transmission of signal, The saying mainly of overview has radio to transmit and receive mode, optical communication mode and isolating transformer mode these three modes.

Zhuo Hongyu uses bow net contact pressure detecting signal in the pressure-detecting device of block of bow collector of electric locomotive wireless After pressure sensor detects the pressure that pantograph is subject to, it is defeated to be transformed into electric signal by the schematic illustration of electrical transmission for force signal Out, after circuit amplification, V/I translation circuit, voltage signal becomes corresponding current signal (4-20mA) and is output to high pressure PLC, Sent after A/D is converted by wireless modem by high pressure PLC data acquisition, then by collected data, industrial personal computer with MODEM is carried out wireless communication, to realize that data are transmitted by high pressure to low pressure, the detection device is in Chengdu, Changsha, Beijing Multiple locomotive depot's installations such as west, Datong District west are used, and achieve good detection effect, but the shortcomings that this method is conversion equipment It is more, it installs and safeguards and is more complicated.

Treatment process of the Contact Line Detection System of Kunming University of Science and Technology's Xiao Hu great waves design to acceleration signal, acceleration biography The voltage signal of the output of sensor passes first into and carries out signal amplification by the differential amplifier circuit that two panels OP07A chip forms, connects Signal is passed through the voltage-frequency converter being made of low drifting input amplifier, precision oscillator system and High-current output grade In, analog voltage amount is transformed to output of pulse signal, the pulse signal frequency and input voltage of output by voltage to frequency converter Size it is directly proportional, pulse signal passes through that optical fiber is incoming to can satisfy middle low frequency signal transmission again, and can isolated preceding-terminal it is dry In the TLP181 optical coupler disturbed, then by single-chip microcontroller signal is sampled, optical fiber transmission can be preferably high-pressure side The signal of (27.5KV) is transmitted to low pressure data processing side, because optical fiber can bear the voltage of tens of thousands of or even hundreds of thousands volt, because And safety, the characteristics of this transmission mode are that signal is not comforted by electromagnetic interference and thunder and lightning are dry, good insulating, high reliablity, frequency band Width, light-weight, durability is good, can use under any meteorological condition, to fully achieve the electricity of input terminal and output end Air bound from.

Southwest hands over great Liu wave after summarizing external offline electric arc research experience, starts with photoelectric sensor acquisition hard spot and produces The detection of raw arclight is studied, and is devised the composed structure of offline arc detection system, is realized in laboratory to offline Electric arc such as is acquired in real time, communicated and is stored at the functions, his also systematic research Wavelength distribution of the offline electric arc in China, is provided Accurate spectral distribution graph, this is provides important reference using the research that photoelectric sensor detects pantograph and catenary fault later Foundation；In addition the detection of the units combination abrasion of pantograph pan such as Southwest Jiaotong University, Tie Ke institute also has many theoretical researches, such as With a variety of detection methods such as optical fiber, industrial CCD camera shooting, laser displacement sensor, ultrasonic distance measurements.Southwest Jiaotong University's research and development JJC collection of contact net detection vehicle possesses independent intellectual property right, and series detection vehicle is mainly used based on CRH5 EMUs technology In examination criteria speed per hour in the parameters such as the locomotive height of contact wire of 250km/h, stagger, pressure, hard spot, the datagram of output Table, test data curve pattern are suitble to China's actual conditions, and price is low.

Kang Xiong, Liu Quanchao propose to utilize pantograph after furtheing investigate pantograph collector head vertical acceleration wave character The maximum value of bow vertical impact acceleration, peak factor, three parameter of standard deviation diagnose commenting across interior contact net hard spot Sentence criterion.This judgment criteria can more effectively exclude locomotive and cross in split-phase and high pressure high altitude environment enchancement factor to hard spot The influence of detection.Author is surveyed in Beijing-Harbin line Shenyang Railway Bureau pipe, proves this detection judgment criteria ratio well The method that traditional detection pantograph collector head vertical impact acceleration maximum value diagnoses contact net hard spot is more effective, more scientific.

Domestic existing bow net hard spot detection research is mostly or around detection pantograph pan impact acceleration and bow net Contact forces identify hard spot, it also requires be transformed using special pantograph collector head, or to block of bow collector of electric locomotive, using answering Become piece, acceleration transducer to detect pantograph pan stress condition, whether there is or not hard spots so as to differentiating contact net lines.Such equipment tool There is data recording function, the running parameters of pantograph can be recorded in real time, but the only whole record of " realistic " property, thus Data file is huger, is unfavorable for examination and analysis to abnormal data；Also using photoelectric sense technology detection bow net hard spot Many places are utilizing photoelectric detecting technology also uncertain to the grade classification of hard spot in the experimental stage；To bow net hard spot institute Locate the positioning of route physical location usually all using car body range sensor cooperation track data library locating rod position measurement, advantage is Simple and practical, disadvantage is bar position can be made to position because of factors such as wheel-slip, detection speed, calculating process and its cumulative errors Relatively large deviation is generated, method is single, is difficult accurately to calibrate the specific location of measurement parameter, increases to searching with maintenance failure Difficulty.

Currently, traditional locomotive pantograph net hard spot detection method and system are positioned there are bar position generates relatively large deviation, hard spot inspection Survey method is single, is difficult accurately to calibrate the specific location of measurement parameter, searches the problem with maintenance failure difficulty.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention is designed to provide a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning side Method and system, it is intended to which solving traditional locomotive pantograph net hard spot detection method and system, there are bar positions to position generation relatively large deviation, firmly Point detecting method is single, is difficult accurately to calibrate the specific location of measurement parameter, searches the problem with maintenance failure difficulty.

The embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows, a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning side Method, this method steps flow chart include arc light is changed into electric signal, electric signal analysis is handled, vibration signal is analyzed, Hard spot value is calculated, GPS is accurately positioned；

The electric signal that arc light is changed into refers to using photoelectric sensor the bow net hard spot production in non-zone of reasonableness Raw arc light is changed into electric signal, establishes bow-net mechanical model, analyzes static and dynamic touch pressure, according to model Respective differential equation of motion is obtained, Pantograph-OCS system kinetic model and bow net dynamic differential equation is established, utilizes computer Emulation technology analyzes and researches to railway bow net contact power, and the arc light spectrum generated to arc discharge is analyzed, to bow net Voltage, the current information of arcing process synchronize acquisition, analyze the C-V characteristic of electric arc；

Described is referred to the weak output signal obtained due to sensor measurement to electric signal analysis processing and has noise, is needed The processing that signal regulating device amplifies signal, filters, measuring device are in hyperbaric environment, mutual in order to avoid signal Interference, the safety of guarantee detection device and Pantograph-OCS system, the potential difference between coordination detection device and Pantograph-OCS system, while in order to Reduce influence of the common-mode signal to signal acquisition precision, quarantine measures must be taken in the transmission process for carrying out signal, avoid be System is directly accessed high pressure, carries out isolation transmission to signal by the way of transformation is isolated, and recycles high-speed a/d capture card that will acquire To signal analog-to-digital conversion after be passed to computer and analyzed, handled by analysis to electric signal, when signal value is more than in advance Preset valve value, it is believed that hard spot occurs and hard spot value is obtained by calculation；

Described carries out sample rate, sampling configuration difference or the list that analysis refers to setting vibration signal first to vibration signal End etc. carries out data acquisition to vibration signal channel and photo signal channel, the vibration signal that acceleration transducer is detected into Row analysis；

The hard spot value that is calculated refers to if the impact acceleration of the pantograph pan detected is more than pre- in advance If valve value, it is believed that occur hard spot simultaneously hard spot value is obtained by calculation, hard spot Value Data will be stored in flashROM unit, And it can be read by IBM compatible computer；

The GPS accurate positioning, which refers to, occurs position using GPS positioning module record hard spot, ought be constantly by serial ports The location information at quarter is transferred to IBM compatible, realizes the functions such as alarm, display, storage, the printing of hard spot information, cooperates electronics Map can accurately mark out the specific location of hard spot, provide relevant department so as to on-call maintenance, to prevent failure propagation.

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method utilize photoelectric sensor The impact that pantograph is subject to when the arcing conditions and acceleration transducer measurement hard spot that detection hard spot generates occur carrys out dual differentiation Whether hard spot occurs, and after determining hard spot, the physical coordinates and satellite time transfer at the moment are recorded by CPU, using Novel GPS module, Cooperate electronic map, using labVIEW software platform, designs GPS satellite and receive system and hard spot coordinate position computing system, it is right Hard spot physical coordinates and locomotive driving speed measure, and are modified using special algorithm to measurement result, accurately measure hard Position occurs for point, purple to 4610 type acceleration transducer of Model and TP-6 type using nextkit_nano usb data capture card The voltage signal of outer photoelectric sensor output carries out high frequency A/D acquisition, nextkit_nano usb data capture card and LabVIEW It is compatible, data acquisition control abundant is provided, function same as DAQ Assistant may be implemented conducive to control programming, Setting to capture card running parameter such as acquisition channel, sample frequency, sampling configuration etc., is made and is named as NanoAIExpress Sub- VI, wherein acquisition channel, sample frequency, sampling configuration are set as inputting, and export as waveform diagram, and data acquisition module includes two Part, arc optical signal when a part reads bow net vibration signal and hard spot generation by data collecting card, another part is by serial ports The GPS module positioning signal installed on locomotive is read, LabVIEW uses the input/output application programming interface of standard (VISA) control of instrument is completed.

Further, described that the collected vibration signal of capture card, photosignal are carried out in electric signal analysis processing Filtering, and spectrum analysis is carried out to vibration signal and provides foundation for the differentiation of hard spot, the GPS positioning information of serial ports input is carried out Parsing, extracts longitude, latitude, speed of locomotive operation etc., provides data for the positioning of hard spot, capture card output turns through sensor It is mingled with many interference signals in voltage signal after changing, only passes through filtering, time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, arrangement, calculating ability For the measurement of analysis and its size to hard spot, in the selection for eliminating interference, frequency is realized to signal by analog filter Rate filtering, can also be eliminated the effects of the act by the method for software, similar to the digital filtering of analog filter function, by certain It calculates or determining program reduces the ratio of interference in the signal, acceleration signal processing mainly carries out collected signal Low-pass filtering, filters the High-frequency Interference ingredient in signal, and filter cutoff frequency is that system program is transmitted across by global variable Come, when carrying out discretization to analog signal, the setting of sample frequency must comply with " nyquist sampling law " sampling frequency Rate fs is at least 2 times of highest frequency fmax in signal, i.e. fs >=fmax, otherwise the information in original signal cannot be protected completely It stays, the included filtering kit of LabVIEW, when use calls directly, and X connection input signal, filter class offset is set as 0, and (0 is Low-pass filter, 1 is high-pass filter), sample frequency and high-frequency cut-off set of frequency at numerical value input control, it is convenient in system It is adjusted in work, acceleration signal Spectral Analysis Method is the common method of vibrating failure diagnosis, and bow net occurs hard spot and belongs to bow net Pantograph time domain vibration signal is converted to frequency domain vibration signal using spectrum technology, can will not only shaken in this way by vibration fault The various frequency contents of dynamic signal itself, which separate out, to be come, and can effectively be separated with interference signal (high frequency), is facilitated Digital filter parameters and analysis hard spot are set；

The vibration of bow net is a kind of random vibration of non-stationary, and frequency, amplitude, the phase of vibration signal are all to change at random , the condition that can be accumulated in infinite region is not met, so cannot directly adopt Fourier transformation carries out spectrum analysis, using tool Having the power spectral density of statistical property to carry out spectrum analysis can be very good to understand the frequency-domain structure in pantograph vibration signal, signal The mean power ψ x of x (t) can be indicated with mean-square value, it may be assumed that

The Fourier transform formula of x (t):

Then:

It enables:

Then:

Sx (f) is exactly power spectral density function.

Power spectral representation oscillation power finds out that power spectrum is equal to amplitude spectrum by formula (5-4) with the change profile of vibration frequency Square average value, strong and weak frequency content more can be obviously distinguished in vibration signal than amplitude spectrum, uses power spectrum in LabVIEW Spend very easy to vibration signal spectrum analysis, call spectrum measurement VI, select power spectral density simultaneously can " adding window " come it is more preferable Analysis measurement capture card collects the frequency content of vibration signal.

Further, described be calculated in hard spot value diagnoses failure, will treated data be set in advance The comparison of valve value, analysis and distinguishing is made with the presence or absence to hard spot, 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model will Bow net impact force is converted to micro voltage signal output, amplifies by charge, and capture card sampling finally enters computer, hard spot value G Size such as following formula:

Formula k is the sensitivity of acceleration transducer, and b is that charge amplifying circuit amplification factor (amplify after actual measurement by specific size Circuit is found out), V₁For sensor output voltage, V₂To amplify through charge, filtered output voltage,

During locomotive driving, if somewhere pantograph pan vertical acceleration a meets formula (5-2) and arc light intensity value b is full Sufficient formula (5-3) is then thought at this for contact net hard spot；

a≥δ

(5-2)

b≥ζ

(5-3)

In formula: δ is the preset value of pantograph vertical acceleration, and ξ is arc light intensity preset value, and δ can be according to related mark to ξ Quasi- and actual condition is set, and detection vehicle is greater than 45g in detection hard spot EMU, common in-vehicle is greater than 20g, we herein write from memory δ To recognize and is set as 30g, ultraviolet index variation range is indicated with the number of 0-15, in general, the ultraviolet index at night is 0, heat Ultraviolet index when band, highlands, fine day is 15 (being equivalent to 275mW/m2), is 500mW/m2 by ζ default setting；

Though system is photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection, in order to mitigate computer operating load, to vibration in software programming Adjustment, first detection ultraviolet signal, the i.e. b only after ultraviolet ray intensity transfinites are made that with photosignal analysis sequence structure >=ζ can just make analysis to vibration signal, once a>=δ is also set up, system is alarmed immediately, and calculate hard spot value G by b, b< When ζ, any analysis will not be done to vibration signal, and vibration signal voltage change waveform is only shown by waveform diagram on monitoring interface, Because the propagation of ultraviolet signal will be faster than the propagation of bow net vibration signal, we can be set by timer thus, examined After measuring ultraviolet ray intensity and transfiniting, the analysis hereafter vibration signal in 3s, because hard spot value and arc light intensity are defeated by sensor What voltage out calculated, and this relationship is linear relationship, therefore can be by comparing the voltage of system detection output Voltage value needed for value occurs with hard spot is compared, and is judged, and calculation amount is reduced.

Further, the GPS be accurately positioned in data are stored, by hard spot information include the time, hard spot value, Longitude and latitude etc. is stored in specified position, uses to check, the data acquired in real time can only make simple time domain, frequency domain point Analysis, cannot obtain deeper information in bow net impact signal, be can according to need thus by collected vibration or photoelectricity Signal data individually stores, and so as to subsequent offline profound analysis, can also individually store GPS positioning data, such as in conjunction with Railroad locomotive drive digital data recording system can establish bow net hard spot circuit coordinate Database Systems, and maintenance is facilitated to position, and use LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, using the programming mode of patterned programming language and data flow, source program does not have text Code is entirely graphical block diagram, and the logical AND execution sequence of program is by the data flow between flowsheet interior joint below To decision, icon representation instruction and its meaning, data flow are indicated by line, are possessed a large amount of control, function and tool, are used for Acquisition, analysis, display and storage of data etc. operation, LabVIEW software can not only write out powerful program but also Interface is equally very beautiful, and the data that GPS module is sent follow fixed format, such as RMC sample data: $ GPRMC, 161229.48, A, 3723.24757, N, 12158.34167, W, 0.13,309.62,120598, * 10, the warp that this system needs The data informations such as degree, latitude, which need to search by string search from module, to be exported, and similar output latitude information is the same, by system The information such as the longitude, speed, date, the time that need program respectively, connect input and output side with line connection board, are made into sub- VI, then A VI is assembled, calling is facilitated.

Further, the monitoring signal packet in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Vibration, offline electric arc and the locomotive driving position of bow net are included, monitor value is exceeded to be handled by warning note operator, monitors data It is recorded by certain requirement, hard spot condition information flows into enterprise real-time data library at any time, calls for relevant department, samples original Data, which are saved, is stored in database at fixed format, calls for equipment and engineering department's analysis with diagnosis, information shows and mainly uses Family Interface Control, the vibration signal detected, photosignal waveform diagram real-time display, when hard spot occurs, alarm lamp is red Audible alarm is flashed and carried out, while being somebody's turn to do with the time of the form of table display hard spot generation, hard spot value, locomotive speed, locomotive The information such as the longitude and latitude at moment, information management include following link:

1) network transmission

It, can be point-to-point by original vibration signal and photosignal using LabVIEW uniqueness DataSocket technology Transmission device and technical management department, so that it is needed；

2) information is issued

Information issuing module can issue this system front panel in the form of web pages, browse for other administrative staff；

3) data store

The vibration of bow net and photoelectric information timing are stored in the Access database of monitoring host computer, when breaking down, use The TDMS file of LabVIEW automatically saves bow net hard spot information；

4) report printing

According to the time and format set in advance, it is hard that data-printing bow net is recalled from the Access database of monitoring host computer Point testing result report.

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and acceleration transducer in GPS positioning method Must not install the structure for changing pantograph, while can not rising bow pressure to pantograph, by fluidity energy and aerodynamics Performance has too big influence, and 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model is small in size, light-weight, and firm aluminum is wrapped up in outside Shell does not need additional protection, and in order to accurately detect impact vibration suffered by pantograph pan, the installation site of sensor should be use up It measures close to pantograph pan, is mounted on the center of pantograph pan side face, using floating ground type mounting means, first passing Felt pad is padded below sensor and bow insulate, and is then passed through mounting hole with insulated screw and is fixed acceleration transducer.

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection is adopted with photoelectric sensor in GPS positioning method It is mounted on the locomotive roof of pantograph rear with TP-6 semiconductor ultraviolet sensor, pantograph is directed at, in order to reduce it He interferes and protection sensor, installs a light collecting barrel outside, the installation of light collecting barrel has particular/special requirement, no matter at pantograph In critical altitude or minimum working height, detection of the sensor to arc light cannot be all covered.

Further, to battery, letter in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Number processor and the isolating transformer of high-low voltage isolated data are all mounted on roof low voltage side, since electric locomotive is generally Battery and signal condition, isolation potential device are mounted on the insulation of roof locomotive driving direction front end pantograph by single bow traveling On porcelain vase bracket, high-voltage side power supply using the chargeable maintenance-free battery of 25AH, and be furnished with 5V pressure stabilizing converter, by Equipped with the switch that travel switch is for controlling high side power on pantograph shelf, only starts to work when locomotive and rise pantograph When, battery just can turn on powers on high-tension side equipment, to start energy conservation and protective effect, to avoid influencing locomotive roof Maintenance activity, signal cable use dismountable connector at the big lid such as locomotive skylight, and high-voltage side sensor supply lines uses Four core shielded cable special lines, then put on polytetrafluoroethylinsulating insulating tube outside, for enhancing, cable is resistant to high temperatures and anti-aging Ability.

A kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system, the system specifically include that photoelectric sensing Device, acceleration transducer, signal regulating device, isolating transformer, capture card, control computer, display, memory, GPS are fixed Position device；

The photoelectric sensor is connected to the lower end of signal regulating device, and the acceleration transducer is connected to signal The upper end of conditioning device, the signal regulating device are connected to the upside of isolating transformer, the isolating transformer connection Between signal regulating device and capture card, the capture card is connected between isolating transformer and control computer, described Control computer be connected between capture card and memory, the display be connected to control computer rear side, it is described Memory be connected to control computer side, the GPS locator be connected to control computer front side.

Further, the signal regulating device specifically uses charge amplifying circuit and filter circuit to form.

Further, the acquisition fixture body uses A/D capture card.

Further, the acceleration sensing implement body uses 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model, uses Firm aluminium shell is wrapped up in third generation silicon MEMS package technology, integrated temperature compensation and dedicated anti-interference shielding line, outside And be easily installed and fix equipped with mounting hole, output area ± 200g, susceptibility 10mv/g have and exceed very much loading capability (5000g It is static), input voltage 8-36V low-power consumption light weight is very suitable to outdoor conditions severe at the top of locomotive.

Further, the photoelectric sensing implement body uses TP-6 labeling type semiconductor UV sensor, using ceramics Substrate, metal electrode, polyethylene cap, metal bonding lead and UV sensor are constituted.

Further, the GPS locator specifically uses NEO-6M GPS+ active antenna integrated module, and GPS module is integrated RF radio frequency chip, baseband chip, core CPU and addition associated peripheral circuits, as " radio " receive, demodulation of satellite it is wide C/A code signal is broadcast, the number of channels parameter of GPS module indicates that the module maximum can be established and be communicated with several satellites simultaneously, leads to The pseudo-distance of operation Yu each satellite is crossed, is then repaired with longitude, latitude, height and the time that unambiguous range finds out receiver This four parameters of positive quantity, the satellite number of communication is more, and module more fast can more accurately obtain location data, and CPU object is arranged Coordinate and satellite time transfer are managed, electronic map is cooperated, can accurately reflect the particular geographic coordinates for generating the contact net of hard spot, adopt System and hard spot coordinate position computing system are received with lebview programming software design GPS satellite, to hard spot physical coordinates and machine Vehicle travel speed measures, and is modified using special algorithm to measurement result, in real time record hard spot occur position, provide from The data packet of line is analyzed and shared convenient for data.

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system can be split as three Subsystem: hard spot photodetector system, hard spot vibration detecting system and hard spot GPS positioning system, according to required different function Programming is realized respectively, and each subsystem is created into sub- VI, sets input and output side, then called by main system, integrates one A complete system, can simplify programming, provide conveniently for later program upgrading and maintenance, entire detection system produces de- From LabVIEW, independently operated executable kit, is mounted directly this work on the computer for being fitted without LabVIEW software Tool packet to run this system, issued if the source program of system program is transferred on specified website, after publication if Detection system computer can surf the Internet, then the computer that can Anywhere surf the Internet can access the webpage of publication, may be implemented Remote operation and on-line monitoring.

Further, the entire hardware system of the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system It is divided into two parts, a part is the acquisition of high-voltage end, and another part is interior computer based signal processing display terminal； The acquisition and pretreatment of vibration signal and photosignal are mainly completed in high-voltage end part, and interior part is mainly received to be passed from roof The signal that gets off is simultaneously corresponding with the signal of interior GPS positioning module by it, is shown and is analyzed, is connected by isolating transformer It connects.

Effect summarizes

Acceleration sensing is arranged in locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system provided by the invention Device and photoelectric sensor realize and the arc light that the bow net hard spot in non-zone of reasonableness generates are changed into electric signal；Setting acquisition Card, realizes while acquiring vibration signal and photosignal.Locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Acceleration detection hard spot and Photoelectric Detection hard spot are effectively combined, by dual differentiation, hard spot can be made more It is accurate to differentiate；Advanced GPS positioning module is utilized in the method for hard spot positioning, is realized to the accurate fixed of contact net hard spot Position.Locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method and system are by acceleration detection hard spot and Photoelectric Detection Hard spot effectively combines, and realizes bar position by dual differentiation and is accurately positioned, and searches and maintenance failure is simple, avoid conventional dynamic Detection method because of multiple sensors increased quality of institute for being installed in pantograph and to the transformation of pantograph shape caused by air The change of power performance needs this disadvantage to directly affect bow net dynamic following and lead to not adaptation Development of High Speed Railway, Acceleration transducer detection hard spot can also be avoided being used alone simultaneously because of bow vertical impact acceleration caused by by external interference The maximum value of degree is greater than the case where normal value and is mistakenly considered hard spot there is a situation where cause to judge by accident and fail to judge.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention and GPS positioning method and step Flow chart；

Fig. 2 is the knot of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system provided in an embodiment of the present invention Structure schematic diagram；

In figure: 1, photoelectric sensor；2, acceleration transducer；3, signal regulating device；4, isolating transformer；5, it acquires Card；6, computer is controlled；7, display；8, memory；9, GPS locator.

Specific embodiment

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.

With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is further described application principle of the invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows, a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection with GPS positioning method, this method steps flow chart include that arc light is changed into electric signal S101, processing S102 is analyzed electric signal, is right Vibration signal carries out analysis S103, hard spot value S104, GPS accurate positioning S105 is calculated；

It is described arc light is changed into electric signal S101 refer to it is using photoelectric sensor that the bow net in non-zone of reasonableness is hard The arc light that point generates is changed into electric signal, establishes bow-net mechanical model, analyzes static and dynamic touch pressure, foundation Model obtains respective differential equation of motion, establishes Pantograph-OCS system kinetic model and bow net dynamic differential equation, utilizes meter Calculation machine emulation technology analyzes and researches to railway bow net contact power, and the arc light spectrum generated to arc discharge is analyzed, right Voltage, the current information of bow net arcing process synchronize acquisition, analyze the C-V characteristic of electric arc；

Described is referred to the weak output signal obtained due to sensor measurement to electric signal analysis processing S102 and has noise, The processing for needing signal regulating device to amplify signal, filtering, measuring device is in hyperbaric environment, in order to avoid signal It interferes with each other, guarantees the safety of detection device and Pantograph-OCS system, coordinate the potential difference between detection device and Pantograph-OCS system, simultaneously In order to reduce influence of the common-mode signal to signal acquisition precision, quarantine measures must be taken in the transmission process for carrying out signal, are kept away Exempt from system and be directly accessed high pressure, isolation transmission is carried out to signal by the way of transformation is isolated, recycles high-speed a/d capture card will It is passed to computer after collected signal analog-to-digital conversion to be analyzed, is handled by the analysis to electric signal, when signal value is more than The valve value of preset in advance, it is believed that hard spot occurs and hard spot value is obtained by calculation；

Described carries out sample rate, the sampling configuration difference that analysis S103 refers to setting vibration signal first to vibration signal Or the vibration letter that data acquisition is carried out to vibration signal channel and photo signal channel, acceleration transducer is detected such as single-ended It number is analyzed；

The hard spot value S104 that is calculated refers to if the impact acceleration of the pantograph pan detected is more than to mention Preceding preset valve value, it is believed that hard spot occurs and hard spot value is obtained by calculation, hard spot Value Data will be stored in flashROM Unit, and can be read by IBM compatible computer；

The GPS is accurately positioned S105 and refers to using GPS positioning module record hard spot generation position, will be worked as by serial ports When the moment location information be transferred to IBM compatible, realize the functions such as alarm, display, storage, the printing of hard spot information, cooperation Electronic map can accurately mark out the specific location of hard spot, provide relevant department so as to on-call maintenance, to prevent failure propagation.

Further, described that electric signal is analyzed in processing S102 to the collected vibration signal of capture card, photosignal It is filtered, and spectrum analysis is carried out to vibration signal and provides foundation for the differentiation of hard spot, to the GPS positioning information of serial ports input It is parsed, extracts longitude, latitude, speed of locomotive operation etc., provide data for the positioning of hard spot, capture card is exported through sensing It is mingled with many interference signals in voltage signal after device conversion, only passes through filtering, time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, arrangement, calculating It could be used for the analysis to hard spot and its measurement of size, in the selection for eliminating interference, by analog filter to signal reality Existing frequency filtering, can also be eliminated the effects of the act by the method for software, similar to the digital filtering of analog filter function, pass through one Fixed calculating or determining program reduce the ratio of interference in the signal, and acceleration signal processing is mainly to collected signal Low-pass filtering is carried out, the High-frequency Interference ingredient in signal is filtered, filter cutoff frequency is that system program is sent out by global variable It brings, when carrying out discretization to analog signal, the setting of sample frequency must comply with " nyquist sampling law " and adopt Sample frequency fs is at least 2 times of highest frequency fmax in signal, i.e. fs >=fmax, otherwise the information in original signal cannot be complete Retain, the included filtering kit of LabVIEW, when use calls directly, and filter class offset is set as 0 (0 by X connection input signal Be high-pass filter for low-pass filter, 1), sample frequency and high-frequency cut-off set of frequency at numerical value input control, it is convenient to be It is adjusted in system work, acceleration signal Spectral Analysis Method is the common method of vibrating failure diagnosis, and bow net occurs hard spot and belongs to bow Pantograph time domain vibration signal is converted to frequency domain vibration signal using spectrum technology by net vibration fault, can not only be incited somebody to action in this way The various frequency contents of vibration signal itself, which separate out, to be come, and can effectively be separated with interference signal (high frequency), is helped In setting digital filter parameters and analysis hard spot；

The Fourier transform formula of x (t):

Then:

It enables:

Then:

Sx (f) is exactly power spectral density function.

Further, described be calculated in hard spot value S104 diagnoses failure, will treated data in advance The valve value of setting compares, and makes analysis and distinguishing, 4610 type piezoelectric type acceleration of Model sensing with the presence or absence to hard spot Bow net impact force is converted to micro voltage signal output by device, is amplified by charge, and capture card sampling finally enters computer, firmly Point value G size such as following formula:

a≥δ

(5-2)

b≥ζ

(5-3)

Further, the GPS is accurately positioned in S105 and stores to data, includes time, hard spot by hard spot information Value, longitude and latitude etc. are stored in specified position, use to check, the data acquired in real time can only make simple time domain, frequency Domain analysis cannot obtain deeper information in bow net impact signal, can according to need thus by it is collected vibration or Photosignal data individually store, and so as to subsequent offline profound analysis, can also individually store GPS positioning data, such as again It in conjunction with railroad locomotive drive digital data recording system, can establish bow net hard spot circuit coordinate Database Systems, maintenance facilitated to position, Using LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, using the programming mode of patterned programming language and data flow, source program does not have Text codes are entirely graphical block diagram, and the logical AND execution sequence of program is by the number between flowsheet interior joint below It being determined according to flow direction, icon representation instruction and its meaning, data flow are indicated by line, possess a large amount of control, function and tool, It is operated for the acquisition of data, analysis, display and storage etc., LabVIEW software can not only write out powerful program And interface is equally very beautiful, and the data that GPS module is sent follow fixed format, such as RMC sample data: $ GPRMC, 161229.48, A, 3723.24757, N, 12158.34167, W, 0.13,309.62,120598, * 10, the warp that this system needs The data informations such as degree, latitude, which need to search by string search from module, to be exported, and similar output latitude information is the same, by system The information such as the longitude, speed, date, the time that need program respectively, connect input and output side with line connection board, are made into sub- VI, then A VI is assembled, calling is facilitated.

1) network transmission

2) information is issued

3) data store

4) report printing

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and acceleration in GPS positioning method Sensor must not install the structure for changing pantograph, at the same can not rising bow pressure to pantograph, by fluidity energy and air Dynamic performance has too big influence, and 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model is small in size, light-weight, and outside package is firm Aluminium shell, additional protection is not needed, in order to accurately detect impact vibration suffered by pantograph pan, the installation position of sensor The center of pantograph pan side face should be mounted on as close as possible to pantograph pan by setting, using floating ground type mounting means, Felt pad is first padded below sensor and bow insulate, and is then passed through mounting hole with insulated screw and is fixed acceleration transducer.

Further, to battery, signal in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Processor and the isolating transformer of high-low voltage isolated data are all mounted on roof low voltage side, since electric locomotive is generally list Battery and signal condition, isolation potential device are mounted on roof locomotive driving direction front end pantograph insulation porcelain by bow traveling On bottle holder frame, high-voltage side power supply is furnished with 5V pressure stabilizing converter using the chargeable maintenance-free battery of 25AH, by electricity Equipped with the switch that travel switch is for controlling high side power on bow shelf, only starts to work when locomotive and rise pantograph When, battery just can turn on powers on high-tension side equipment, to start energy conservation and protective effect, to avoid influencing locomotive roof Maintenance activity, signal cable use dismountable connector at the big lid such as locomotive skylight, and high-voltage side sensor supply lines uses Four core shielded cable special lines, then put on polytetrafluoroethylinsulating insulating tube outside, for enhancing, cable is resistant to high temperatures and anti-aging Ability.

As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system, the system are mainly wrapped Include: photoelectric sensor 1, signal regulating device 3, isolating transformer 4, capture card 5, control computer 6, is shown acceleration transducer 2 Show device 7, memory 8, GPS locator 9；

The photoelectric sensor 1 is connected to the lower end of signal regulating device 3, and the acceleration transducer 2 is connected to The upper end of signal regulating device 3, the signal regulating device 3 are connected to the upside of isolating transformer 4, the isolation transformation Device 4 is connected between signal regulating device 3 and capture card 5, and the capture card 5 is connected to isolating transformer 4 and control calculates Between machine 6, the control computer 6 is connected between capture card 5 and memory 8, and the display 7 is connected to control meter The rear side of calculation machine 6, the memory 8 are connected to the side of control computer 6, and the GPS locator 9 is connected to control meter The front side of calculation machine 6.

Further, the signal regulating device 3 is specifically formed using charge amplifying circuit and filter circuit.

Further, the capture card 5 specifically uses A/D capture card.

Further, the acceleration transducer 2 specifically uses 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model, uses Firm aluminium shell is wrapped up in third generation silicon MEMS package technology, integrated temperature compensation and dedicated anti-interference shielding line, outside And be easily installed and fix equipped with mounting hole, output area ± 200g, susceptibility 10mv/g have and exceed very much loading capability (5000g It is static), input voltage 8-36V low-power consumption light weight is very suitable to outdoor conditions severe at the top of locomotive.

Further, the photoelectric sensor 1 specifically uses TP-6 labeling type semiconductor UV sensor, using ceramics Substrate, metal electrode, polyethylene cap, metal bonding lead and UV sensor are constituted.

Further, the GPS locator 9 specifically uses NEO-6M GPS+ active antenna integrated module, GPS module collection At RF radio frequency chip, baseband chip, core CPU and addition associated peripheral circuits, receive as " radio ", demodulation of satellite C/A code signal is broadcasted, the number of channels parameter of GPS module indicates that the module maximum can be established and be communicated with several satellites simultaneously, By the pseudo-distance of operation and each satellite, longitude, latitude, height and the time of receiver are then found out with unambiguous range This four parameters of correction amount, the satellite number of communication is more, and module more fast can more accurately obtain location data, and CPU is arranged Physical coordinates and satellite time transfer cooperate electronic map, can accurately reflect the particular geographic coordinates for generating the contact net of hard spot, System and hard spot coordinate position computing system are received using lebview programming software design GPS satellite, to hard spot physical coordinates and Locomotive driving speed measures, and is modified using special algorithm to measurement result, records hard spot in real time and position occurs, provide Offline data packet is analyzed and shared convenient for data.

Further, the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system can be split as three Subsystem: hard spot photodetector system, hard spot vibration detecting system and hard spot GPS positioning system, according to required different function Programming is realized respectively, and each subsystem is created into sub- VI, sets input and output side, then called by main system, integrates one A complete system, can simplify programming, provide conveniently for later program upgrading and maintenance, entire detection system produces de- From LabVIEW, independently operated executable kit, is mounted directly this on the computer for being fitted without LabVIEW software Kit runs this system, issues if the source program of system program is transferred on specified website, after publication such as Fruit detection system computer can surf the Internet, then the computer that can Anywhere surf the Internet can access the webpage of publication, Ke Yishi It now remotely operates and monitors on-line.

Further, the entire hardware system of the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system It is divided into two parts, a part is the acquisition of high-voltage end, and another part is interior computer based signal processing display terminal；It is high The acquisition and pretreatment of vibration signal and photosignal are mainly completed in pressure side part, and interior part is mainly received to be descended from roof The signal and it is corresponding with the signal of interior GPS positioning module come, is shown and is analyzed, connected by isolating transformer 4 It connects.

Working principle

As shown in Figure 1, locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system specifically include that photoelectric sensing Device 1, acceleration transducer 2, signal regulating device 3, isolating transformer 4, capture card 5, control computer 6, display 7, storage Device 8, GPS locator 9；When work, acceleration transducer 2 is for detecting the impact that pantograph vertical direction is subject to, photoelectric sensing Device 1 is used to detect the arc light that non-reasonable hard spot generates, and the electric signal exported due to photoelectric sensor 1, acceleration transducer 2 is all very It is small and weak and contain noise, card 5 cannot be collected and directly acquired, need to amplify signal by signal regulating device 3, mistake Filter processing, since the operating voltage of pantograph is high (27.5Kv or so), the vibration detected, ultraviolet signal are in incoming low pressure Intra-locomotive before, it is necessary to by isolating transformer 4 carry out high-low pressure signal isolation, with ensure be located at ground computer And the safety of tester, since the current signal through photoelectric sensor 1, the acquisition of acceleration transducer 2 is by circuit amplification, filtering Afterwards, output remains analog electrical signal, but to control computer 6 can only identify the signal of digitlization, discretization, capture card 5 It is the device for signal to be converted to digital quantity by analog quantity, control computer 6 will transmit received vibration signal data, light Electrical signal data is corresponding with the time, is shown in a manner of curve, while being done to signal analysis and processing to hard spot using software Judge out, when finding hard spot, read 9 serial ports GPS information of GPS locator, location information and analysis data are formed one effectively Record pass through display 7 in a manner of report as hard spot failure and reflect, while can use memory 8 to data It is stored, is printed using printer；Locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method are counted by industry Calculation machine is to the two paths of signals Synchronization Analysis of acquisition, when the threshold value that acceleration and light intensity are above arranged in advance, assert exist it is hard Acceleration detection hard spot and Photoelectric Detection hard spot are effectively combined by point, by dual differentiation, can be made more to hard spot Add accurate differentiation, advanced GPS positioning module is utilized in the method for hard spot positioning, by serial ports in real time by locomotive operation The information such as longitude, latitude are transferred to industrial computer, are read by software and recorded the information such as the longitude and latitude that hard spot occurs, thus real Now to the accurate positionin of contact net hard spot.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims

1. a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that the locomotive pantograph net is hard Point photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method include that arc light is changed into electric signal, is believed to signal analysis and processing, to vibration It number is analyzed, hard spot value is calculated, GPS is accurately positioned；

It is described by arc light be changed into electric signal be first to arc discharge generate arc light spectrum analyze, selection meet detection wave The ultraviolet light photo sensor of long range；According to the variation relation of the output voltage signal of sensor and ultraviolet irradiation intensity, The arc light that bow net hard spot in non-zone of reasonableness generates is changed into electric signal, the analysis processing for horizontal electrical signal of going forward side by side；

Described to carry out analysis to vibration signal be to establish bow-net mechanical model, is analyzed static and dynamic touch pressure, Respective differential equation of motion is obtained according to model, establishes Pantograph-OCS system kinetic model and bow net dynamic differential equation, benefit Railway bow net contact power and acceleration are analyzed with computer simulation technique；Bow net vibration is detected by acceleration transducer Signal, and be compared with theoretical study results；Sample rate, the sampling configuration parameter for setting vibration signal, it is logical to vibration signal Road carries out data collection and analysis processing；

Described referring to signal analysis and processing synchronizes acquisition to the photoelectricity and vibration information of bow net hard spot, due to sensor It measures obtained weak output signal and has noise, the processing for needing signal regulating device to amplify signal, filtering；Carry out The mode of isolation transformation must be taken to carry out isolation transmission to signal in the transmission process of signal, recycle high-speed a/d capture card will After collected signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion, incoming computer is analyzed；

The hard spot value that is calculated refers to that, first by the analysis processing to photosignal, value is more than the threshold gate of preset in advance Value, starts to analyze the vibration signal that acceleration transducer detects；If the impact of the pantograph pan detected adds Valve value of the speed also above preset in advance, then it is assumed that hard spot occurs and hard spot value is obtained by calculation；Hard spot Value Data will be by FlashROM unit is stored, and is read by IBM compatible computer；

The GPS accurate positioning, which refers to, occurs position using GPS positioning module record hard spot, passes through serial ports determining the moment at that time Position information is transferred to IBM compatible, realizes alarm, display, the storage, printing function of hard spot information, cooperates electronic map, accurately The specific location for marking out hard spot provides relevant department so as to on-call maintenance；

Described be calculated in hard spot value diagnoses failure, and treated data are compared with the valve value being set in advance, Analysis and distinguishing is made with the presence or absence to hard spot, 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model converts bow net impact force For micro voltage signal output, amplify by charge, capture card sampling finally enters computer, hard spot value G size such as following formula:

Formula k is the sensitivity of acceleration transducer, and b is charge amplifying circuit amplification factor, V₁For sensor output voltage, V₂For Through charge amplification, filtered output voltage；

During locomotive driving, somewhere pantograph pan vertical acceleration a meets formula (5-2) and arc light intensity value b meets formula (5- 3), then think at this for contact net hard spot；

a≥δ (5-2)

b≥ζ (5-3)

In formula: δ is the preset value of pantograph vertical acceleration, and ξ is arc light intensity preset value, and δ and ξ are according to relevant criterion and reality Operating condition is set, and detection vehicle is greater than 45g in detection hard spot EMU, and common in-vehicle is greater than 20g, is 30g by δ default setting, ultraviolet Linear index variation range indicates with the number of 0-15, and the ultraviolet index at night is 0, when the torrid zone, highlands, fine day Ultraviolet index is 15, is 500mW/m by ζ default setting²；

To vibration and photosignal analysis sequence, ultraviolet signal is detected first, i.e. b >=ζ ability after ultraviolet ray intensity transfinites Analysis can be made to vibration signal, once a >=δ is also set up, system is alarmed immediately, and calculates hard spot value G by b, in b < ζ, Any analysis will not be done to vibration signal, and vibration signal voltage change waveform is only shown by waveform diagram on monitoring interface, because The propagation of ultraviolet signal will be faster than the propagation of bow net vibration signal, be set by timer, detect that ultraviolet ray intensity is super After limit, the vibration signal in hereafter 3s is analyzed.

2. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that The electricity that the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method is generated using photoelectric sensor detection hard spot The impact that pantograph is subject to when arc situation and acceleration transducer measurement hard spot occur comes whether dual differentiation hard spot occurs, and determines After hard spot, the physical coordinates and satellite time transfer at the moment are recorded by CPU, using Novel GPS module, are cooperated electronic map, are utilized LabVIEW software platform, design GPS satellite receives system and hard spot coordinate position computing system, to hard spot physical coordinates and machine Vehicle travel speed measures, and is modified using special algorithm to measurement result, accurately measures hard spot and position occurs, use Nextkit_nano usb data capture card is defeated to 4610 type acceleration transducer of Model and TP-6 type ultraviolet light photo sensor Voltage signal out carries out high frequency A/D acquisition, and acquisition channel, sample frequency, sampling configuration are set as inputting, export as waveform Figure, data acquisition module includes two parts, arc when a part reads bow net vibration signal and hard spot generation by data collecting card Optical signal, another part read the GPS module positioning signal installed on locomotive by serial ports, LabVIEW using standard input/it is defeated Application programming interface completes the control of instrument out.

3. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that It is described that the collected vibration signal of capture card, photosignal are filtered in signal analysis and processing, and to vibration signal into Line frequency spectrum analysis provides foundation for the differentiation of hard spot, parses to the GPS positioning information of serial ports input, extracts locomotive operation Longitude, latitude, speed provide data for the positioning of hard spot, and capture card output is mingled in the voltage signal after sensor is converted Many interference signals only could be used for analysis to hard spot and greatly by filtering, time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, arrangement, calculating Small measurement realizes frequency filtering to signal by analog filter, is disappeared by the method for software in the selection for eliminating interference Except influence, the ratio of interference in the signal is reduced by certain calculating or determining program, acceleration signal processing is to adopting The signal collected carries out low-pass filtering, filters the High-frequency Interference ingredient in signal；

Frequency-domain structure in spectrum analysis pantograph vibration signal is carried out using the power spectral density with statistical property, signal x's (t) Mean power ψ x is indicated with mean-square value, it may be assumed that

The Fourier transform formula of x (t):

Then:

It enables:

Then:

Sx (f) is exactly power spectral density function；

Power spectral representation oscillation power finds out that power spectrum is equal to amplitude spectrum square by formula (5-4) with the change profile of vibration frequency Average value, strong and weak frequency content more can be obviously distinguished in vibration signal than amplitude spectrum, uses power spectral density tune in LabVIEW With spectrum measurement VI, the power spectral density measurement capture card of adding window analysis simultaneously is selected to collect the frequency content of vibration signal.

4. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that The GPS stores data in being accurately positioned, by hard spot information include time, hard spot value, longitude and latitude be stored in it is specified Position as needed individually stores collected vibration or photosignal data.

5. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that Monitoring signal in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method includes the vibration, offline of bow net Electric arc and locomotive driving position, monitor value is exceeded to be handled by warning note operator, and monitoring data are recorded, hard spot situation Information flows into enterprise real-time data library at any time, calls for relevant department, and sample source data, which is saved, is stored in data at fixed format Library is called for equipment and engineering department's analysis with diagnosis, and it is user interface control that information, which is shown, vibration signal, the light detected Electric signal waveform diagram real-time display, when hard spot occurs, alarm lamp red flashes and carries out audible alarm, while with table Form shows the time of hard spot generation, hard spot value, locomotive speed, the latitude and longitude information at the locomotive moment.

6. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that The installation site of acceleration transducer is close to by electricity in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Bend slide plate, be mounted on the center of pantograph pan side face, using floating ground type mounting means, is first padded below sensor Felt pad and bow insulate, and then pass through mounting hole with insulated screw and fix acceleration transducer.

7. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that Photoelectric sensor uses TP-6 semiconductor ultraviolet in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method Sensor is mounted on the locomotive roof of pantograph rear, is directed at pantograph, installs a light collecting barrel outside.

8. locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection as described in claim 1 and GPS positioning method, which is characterized in that To battery, signal processor and high-low voltage in the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning method The isolating transformer of isolated data is all mounted on roof low voltage side, by battery and signal condition, isolation potential device installation On the pantograph porcelain insulator bracket of roof locomotive driving direction front end, high-voltage side power supply exempts to tie up using 25AH is chargeable Battery is protected, and is furnished with 5V pressure stabilizing converter, it is for controlling high side power that travel switch is housed on pantograph shelf Switch, signal cable use dismountable connector, high-voltage side sensor supply lines, using four cores at the big lid such as locomotive skylight Shielded cable special line, then polytetrafluoroethylinsulating insulating tube is put on outside.

9. a kind of locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system, which is characterized in that the locomotive pantograph net hard spot Photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection with GPS positioning system includes: photoelectric sensor, acceleration transducer, signal regulating device, change is isolated Depressor, capture card, control computer, display, memory, GPS locator；

The photoelectric sensor is connected to the lower end of signal regulating device, and the acceleration transducer is connected to signal condition The upper end of device, the signal regulating device are connected to the upside of isolating transformer, and the isolating transformer is connected to letter Number between conditioning device and capture card, the capture card is connected between isolating transformer and control computer, the control Computer processed is connected between capture card and memory, and the display is connected to the rear side of control computer, and described deposits Reservoir is connected to the side of control computer, and the GPS locator is connected to the front side of control computer；

The signal regulating device specifically uses charge amplifying circuit and filter circuit to form；

The acquisition fixture body uses A/D capture card；

The acceleration sensing implement body uses 4610 type piezoelectric acceleration transducer of Model, is sealed using third generation silicon MEMS Dress technology, integrated temperature compensation and dedicated anti-interference shielding line, outside wraps up firm aluminium shell and is furnished with mounting hole, defeated Range ± 200g out, susceptibility 10mv/g, input voltage 8-36V；

The photoelectric sensing implement body use TP-6 labeling type semiconductor UV sensor, using ceramic substrate, metal electrode, Polyethylene cap, metal bonding lead and UV sensor are constituted；

The GPS locator specifically uses NEO-6M GPS+ active antenna integrated module, and GPS module integrates RF radio frequency chip, base Microarray strip, core CPU and addition associated peripheral circuits, are arranged CPU physical coordinates and satellite time transfer, cooperate electronic map, use Lebview programming software designs GPS satellite and receives system and hard spot coordinate position computing system；

The locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system are split as three subsystems: hard spot photoelectricity is examined Examining system, hard spot vibration detecting system and hard spot GPS positioning system, by the creation of each subsystem at sub- VI, set input and Output end, then called by main system, integrate a complete system；

The entire hardware system of the locomotive pantograph net hard spot photoelectric vibration comprehensive detection and GPS positioning system is divided into two parts, and one Part is the acquisition of high-voltage end, and another part is interior computer based signal processing display terminal.