CN105400869B - 一种运用pcr引物检测长芒苋的方法 - Google Patents

一种运用pcr引物检测长芒苋的方法 Download PDF

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CN105400869B
CN105400869B CN201510701508.9A CN201510701508A CN105400869B CN 105400869 B CN105400869 B CN 105400869B CN 201510701508 A CN201510701508 A CN 201510701508A CN 105400869 B CN105400869 B CN 105400869B
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amaranthus palmeri
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CN105400869A (zh
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廖芳
郭京泽
� 姜
姜一
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Tianjin Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Animals Plants and Food Inspection Center
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Abstract

本发明涉及使用PCR技术检测植物及植物产品中长芒苋(Amaranthus palmeri)的方法,属于有毒有害杂草检测领域。本发明设计合成了长芒苋的特异性引物,用于对长芒苋基因组DNA的特异检测。本发明建立了一种快速简便、特异性强、准确可靠的长芒苋的分子检测方法,一个工作日内完成整个检测。

Description

一种运用PCR引物检测长芒苋的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及使用PCR技术检测植物及植物产品中长芒苋(Amaranthus palmeriS.Watson)的方法,属于有毒有害杂草检测领域。
背景技术
苋属(Amaranthus)隶属苋科(Amaranthaceae),为一年或两年生雌雄同株或异株草本植物,世界上共有苋属植物近70种(包括栽培品种)。苋属里雌雄同株种类分布广泛,适生温带、暖温带、亚热带及热带地区,是生物量最大分布最广泛的杂草类群之一。雌雄异株种类主要分布于北美,19世纪初随着人类贸易活动陆续在欧洲出现。苋属杂草给生态系统和农业生产造成一定的危害。自1985年雌雄异株种类(长芒苋A.palmeri)在中国首次发现以来,我们又在山东、辽宁、福建、江苏等口岸进境的货物种子中检测到长芒苋、西部苋(A.rudis)、糙果苋(A.tuberculatus)、反枝苋(A.retroflexus)、绿穗苋(A.hybridus)、刺苋(A.spinosus)、白苋(A.albus)等苋属杂草种子,其中检疫性杂草长芒苋、西部苋、糙果苋在新生境具极强的适生能力与入侵性,具有较高的危害风险。
鉴于我国粮谷进口量大,几乎每批均有苋属杂草种子检出。而苋属种子小型,长约1mm,形态特征相近,难以区分,口岸鉴定工作缺乏基本技术资料。除国内印丽萍(1997)、郭琼霞(1998)等对苋属与藜属部分种类的种子,及国外Kowal(1954)、Klopper和Robel(1989)、Esparza-Sandoval等(1996)、Costea(1997)等人对苋属种子外部形态进行的微形态研究外,中国苋属杂草种子形态学鉴定资料很少。
长芒苋为重要的异株苋亚属检疫性杂草,该种为一年生草本。高0.8-2m(原产地可高达3m)。茎直立,粗壮,具棱角,黄绿色,具绿色条纹,有时变淡红褐色,无毛或上部被稀疏柔毛,分枝斜升。叶无毛,叶片卵形至菱状卵形,茎上部叶呈披针形,长(2-)5-8cm,宽(0.5-)2-4cm,先端钝、急尖或微凹,常具小突尖;基部楔形,略下延,边缘全缘。穗状花序生于茎顶和侧枝顶部,直立或俯垂,长(7-)10-25cm,宽1-1.2cm,下部花序也见团簇状。苞片长4-6cm,雄花中脉伸出呈芒刺状,雄花花被片5,内侧花被片长2.5-3mm,钝状至微凹,外侧花被片长3.5-4mm,渐尖,具显著伸出的中脉;雄蕊5;雌花苞片更坚硬,雌花花被片5,略外展,不等长,最外一片具宽阔中脉,倒披针形,长3-4mm,先端急尖,其余花被片匙形,长2-2.5mm,先端截形至微凹,有时呈啮齿状;花柱2(3)。胞果近球形,长1.5-2mm,果皮膜质,周裂。种子近圆形或宽椭圆形,直径长1-1.2mm,深红褐色,具光泽。
长芒苋尚未有准确、快速的检测鉴定方法,为此,本文将在前人研究基础上,对长芒苋进行分子检测研究,为口岸长芒苋检测、鉴定工作提供技术支持。
发明内容
本发明收集国内目前已入侵我国的检疫性杂草长芒苋及其20种苋属种子(见表1),建立了快速简便、特异性强、准确可靠的长芒苋分子检测方法,能将长芒苋准确鉴定出来。该方法检测快速,方法可靠,整个过程在一个工作日内完成,可有效在口岸检测中推广应用。
具体技术方案如下:
本发明目的是提供一种检测长芒苋基因组DNA的PCR方法,它包括如下步骤:
(1)植物基因组DNA的提取;
(2)长芒苋的特异引物,序列如下:
PALF:TGGTACAGGTAGGGA AGA
PALR:ACATAAAATATTACAAATCGACGCA
该引物用于长芒苋基因组DNA特异性检测,扩增片段约为262bp。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明建立了快速简便、特异性强、准确可靠的长芒苋分子检测方法,能将长芒苋与苋属其他种区别开来。该方法检测快速,方法可靠,整个过程在一个工作日内完成,可有效在口岸检测中推广应用。
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
附图说明
图1:长芒苋基因组DNA特异引物的扩增
图2:长芒苋基因组DNA特异引物的扩增
具体实施方式
实施例1:植物材料基因组DNA的提取
本实验苋属种子源于天津出入境检验检疫局动植食中心植检实验室。共计21种,相关信息见表1。
表1供试材料代码、拉丁名、中文名及收集年份
使用消毒镊子挑取植物种子,将每颗苋属种子放入1.5mL
离心管,每管加入0.03g石英砂,液氮研磨,按照QIAGEN公司生产的DNA提取试剂盒提取DNA,并将DNA溶于100μL 1×TE缓冲液中,置于-20℃保存。
实施例2:特异引物的设计
人工合成长芒苋的特异引物,引物序列如下:
PALF:TGGTACAGGTAGGGA AGA
PALR:ACATAAAATATTACAAATCGACGCA
实施例3:长芒苋特异引物的PCR扩增
1.反应混合液的配制
反应体系配置见表2。
表2糙果苋特异性扩增体系
2.PCR反应程序
预变性:94℃,3min
变性:94℃,30s
退火:57℃,30s
延伸:68℃,30s
循环数:40个
延伸:68℃,5min
2.3结果分析
对21个实验材料的基因组DNA进行特异性引物PALF/PALR的扩增,以添加无菌水为模板作为阴性对照。扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,EB染色均能观察到特定目的大小带,通用引物扩增的片段应约为262bp,只有长芒苋显示特定大小的目的带(见图1和图2中2泳道),A.aernicola,A.tuberculatus,A.rudis,A.greggii,A.fimbriatus,A.deflexus,A.standleyanus,A.tamaulipensis,A.paniculatus,A.crispus,A.polygonoides,A.powellii,A.quitensis,A.Hybridus,A.viridis,A.albus,A.blitoides,A.blitum,A.wrightii和阴性对照无相应产物(见图1中3~18泳道和图2中3~8泳道,图1中3~18泳道分别为A.aernicola,A.tuberculatus,A.rudis,A.greggii,A.fimbriatus,A.deflexus,A.standleyanus,A.tamaulipensis,A.paniculatus,A.crispus,A.polygonoides,A.powellii,A.quitensis,A.hybridus和阴性对照,图2中3~8泳道分别是A.viridis,A.albus,A.blitoides,A.blitum,A.wrightii和阴性对照),图1和图2中1泳道为2000bpDNA marker。

Claims (3)

1.一种运用PCR引物检测长芒苋的方法,其特征在于,自行设计的长芒苋PCR特异性引物对,序列如下:
PALF:TGG TAC AGG TAG GGA AGA
PALR:ACA TAA AAT ATT ACA AAT CGA CGC A
扩增片段为262bp,用于长芒苋基因组DNA特异性扩增检测。
2.权利要求1所述的一种运用PCR引物检测长芒苋的方法,其特征在于,它包括如下步骤:
(1)植物基因组DNA的提取;
(2)建立长芒苋基因组DNA的PCR扩增体系,按照反应程序进行扩增;
(3)扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。
3.权利要求1中所述检测长芒苋的特异PCR引物对或权利要求2所述的检测长芒苋的方法在特异检测长芒苋上的应用。
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CN113584208B (zh) * 2021-08-06 2024-03-08 天津海关动植物与食品检测中心 一种运用PCR引物检测Diaporthe novem的方法

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