CN105399341A - 基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明设计一种基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物及其制备方法,并将其用于芳烃类爆炸物检测。将纳米厚度的聚多巴胺自组装在无机衬底(硅片、玻璃和石英)表面,在衬底表面引入了大量的活性官能团,接着将碘苯基官能团修饰于改性后的衬底表面;将衬底置于芴类聚合物制备溶液中,将芴类聚合物直接修饰在衬底表面。该方法利用了聚多巴胺层在无机衬底上稳定的粘附性和表面丰富的活性官能团,显著提高了芴类聚合物在无机衬底表面的修饰密度。利用该方法,制备的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜材料对1,3,5-三硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯和1,3,5-三硝基苯酚具有良好的检测灵敏度。
Description
技术领域
本发明的实施方式涉及芳烃爆炸物检测技术领域,更具体地,本发明的实施方式涉及一种基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
以2,4-二硝基甲苯(DNT),1,3,5-三硝基甲苯(TNT)和1,3,5-三硝基苯酚(PA)为代表的芳烃类爆炸物(其结构如图1所示)是恐怖犯罪分子制造爆炸事件的首选,实现该类化合物的快速检测对爆炸恐怖事件预警和排查具有重要意义。通过荧光淬灭检测该类化合物在空气中的蒸汽是快速检测芳烃类爆炸物最灵敏的方法之一。目前荧光淬灭中常用的荧光材料主要有荧光小分子,荧光共轭聚合物和量子点,其中荧光共轭聚合物由于具有放大检测效果的能力,被广泛应用。在众多荧光共轭聚合物中,稳定性好、量子产率高的芴类共轭聚合物展现了良好的应用前景。
为了使传感材料能够高效和反复使用,共轭聚合物在检测芳烃类爆炸物时主要以膜的形式进行应用,当前的制膜方式主要有旋转涂覆,然而,聚合物无定型的属性和高分子量的特性会阻止共轭聚合物在膜中形成有序的结构,降低分析物在膜中的扩散速率,影响膜对分析物的检测灵敏度。近年,共轭聚合物单层膜材料逐渐引起了科学工作者的重视,自组装单层膜的制备过程是通过共价键将共轭聚合物修饰在衬底表面。然而,由于无机衬底上反应基团活性较差,会降低单层膜中共轭聚合物在衬底上的修饰密度,降低膜材料的荧光强度,影响对芳烃类爆炸物的检测灵敏度。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术的不足,提供一种基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜及其制备方法和应用,以期望可以解决无机衬底会降低膜材料的荧光强度从而降低检测灵敏度的问题。
为解决上述的技术问题,本发明的一种实施方式采用以下技术方案:
一种基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,包括无机衬底,所述无机衬底表面粘附聚多巴胺改性层,芴类共轭聚合物通过共价键修饰在所述改性层表面,形成单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜中,所述聚多巴胺改性层的厚度为5~75nm。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜中,所述芴类共轭聚合物含有摩尔比为1:1的两种单体,一种是两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体,另一种是含有α-碘/溴结构的芴类单体、苯丙噻吩单体或者噻吩单体。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜中,所述芴类单体的碳-9,9’位上含有不同长度的长链脂肪烃,脂肪烃碳链长度在6~24范围内。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜中,所述无机衬底为硅片、玻璃、石英或者金属。金属可以是金、银、铜等,但不限于这几种金属。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜中,所述无机衬底表面粘附聚多巴胺改性层的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将多巴胺溶解于pH值为8~9的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,获得多巴胺的浓度为0.1~1mg/mL的多巴胺溶液;
(2)将无机衬底垂直插入所述多巴胺溶液中,室温下静置12~48h,然后取出,反复用水和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干;
(3)将对碘苯甲酰氯溶解于无水甲苯中,获得对碘苯甲酰氯的浓度为1.5~5mg/mL的对碘苯甲酰氯甲苯溶液,将所述无机衬底置于其中,N2保护下反应8~12h,然后取出无机衬底,用乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得聚多巴胺改性的无机衬底。
对碘苯甲酰氯对羟基和氨基有高反应活性和产率,在聚多巴胺层表面引入碘代苯官能团,可为后续芴类共轭聚合物在衬底上的固载提供化学反应保障。
最终所得衬底在350~700nm紫外-可见光范围内无明显光吸收和发射,在此范围内无光吸收和发射,说明衬底不会影响芴类共轭聚合物的荧光激发和发射。
芴类共轭聚合物通过共价键的方式固载在聚多巴胺层表面,耐溶剂洗涤和空气吹扫,具有良好的重复使用性能。
本发明还提供了上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
首先将单体、Pd催化剂、助催化剂CuI和聚多巴胺改性的无机衬底溶解或者分散于甲苯中,所述单体由摩尔比为1:1的两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体和含有α-碘/溴结构的芴类单体、苯丙噻吩单体或者噻吩单体组成,所述Pd催化剂为所述两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体摩尔数的1%~3%,所述Pd催化剂与助催化剂CuI的摩尔比为1:1;
接着在N2保护下,加入K2CO3水溶液,K2CO3与Pd催化剂的摩尔比为20~40:1;
然后在N2保护、70~80℃条件下反应24~72h,冷却至室温,用甲苯、乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得所述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法中,所述Pd催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4或PdCl2(dppf)。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法中,所述甲苯和K2CO3水溶液中的水的体积比为2~3:1。
上述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的应用是将其用于检测芳烃类爆炸物TNT、DNT和PA的检测。检测方法是:将所得单层芴类共轭聚合物膜置入3mL大小的比色池中,利用干燥空气将芳烃类爆炸物蒸汽通入比色池中,通过5~60s后,测量膜的荧光强度。所述的芳烃类爆炸物主要有:TNT、DNT、PA等;爆炸物蒸汽的载入速度为2~20ml/min。
单层芴类共轭聚合物膜对芳烃类爆炸物的淬灭机制为π-π堆积引体的光电子转移淬灭。
本方法利用多巴胺在溶液中可在无机衬底表面自组装聚合成纳米厚度的聚多巴胺层,聚多巴胺层不仅在无机衬底表面具有良好的粘附稳定性,而且含有丰富的氨基和羟基官能团,为芴类共轭聚合物在衬底表面的共价固载提供良好的物理稳定性和化学修饰性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果之一是:本发明以衬底为突破口,在无机衬底表面自组装了聚多巴胺层,为衬底表面引入更多活性官能团,有效增加了衬底表面能与聚合物单体发生反应的官能团密度,同时,聚多巴胺层的多孔性和对有机溶液的浸润性,可有效消除芴类共轭聚合物与衬底反应中固-液界面对反应效果的影响。除此之外,本发明中发展的衬底修饰方法具有步骤简单、反应条件温和及容易大量合成等特点,这为单层共轭聚合物中衬底的发展提供了新的途径。
附图说明
图1为常见芳烃类爆炸物的结构。
图2为本发明基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备路线。
图3为单层芴类共轭聚合物膜与TNT的相互作用的光谱变化。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
聚多巴胺改性无机衬底:
将硅片切割为2.5×1.3cm大小,依次用丙酮、甲醇和水超声洗涤15min,而后用5%的HF酸溶液洗涤5min,用大量水洗涤后,在100℃下干燥1h。
将2mg多巴胺溶解于10mLTris-HCl(pH8)缓冲溶液中,再将2.5×1.3cm硅片衬底垂直插入溶液中,室温下静置24h后,取出,反复用水和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干。
将25mg对碘苯甲酰氯溶解于10mL无水甲苯中,再置入所得硅片衬底,N2保护下反应12h,取出衬底,用乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得聚多巴胺改性的硅片衬底。聚多巴胺厚度为5nm。
实施例2
聚多巴胺改性无机衬底:
将玻璃片切割为2.0×1.5cm大小,依次用丙酮、甲醇和水超声洗涤15min,而后用5%的HF酸溶液洗涤5min,用大量水洗涤后,在100℃下干燥1h。
将8mg多巴胺溶解于10mLTris-HCl(pH9)缓冲溶液中,再将2.0×1.5cm玻璃片衬底垂直插入溶液中,室温下静置48h后,取出,反复用水和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干。
将40mg对碘苯甲酰氯溶解于10mL无水甲苯中,再置入所得玻璃片衬底,N2保护下反应8h,取出衬底,用乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得聚多巴胺改性的玻璃片衬底。聚多巴胺厚度为75nm。
实施例3
基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备流程如图2所示,其具体步骤:
将2,7-二(乙炔基)-9,9-二癸基芴(0.2mmol)、2,4-二溴苯并噻吩(0.2mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(0.002mmol),助催化剂CuI(0.002mmol)和聚多巴胺改性的硅片衬底分散于10mL甲苯中,在N2保护下,加入5mLK2CO3水溶液(含0.04mmolK2CO3),在N2保护、80℃下反应48h。冷却至室温,将衬底取出,用甲苯和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
实施例4
基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的具体步骤:
将2,7-二(乙炔基)-9,9-二癸基芴(0.2mmol)、2,7-二溴-9,9-二(十六烷基)芴(0.2mmol),PdCl2(dppf)(0.002mmol),助催化剂CuI(0.002mmol)和聚多巴胺改性的玻璃片衬底分散于6mL甲苯中,在N2保护下,加入3mLK2CO3水溶液(含0.04mmolK2CO3),在N2保护、75℃下反应60h。冷却至室温,将衬底取出,用甲苯和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
实施例5
基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的具体步骤:
将2,7-二(乙炔基)-9,9-二癸基芴(0.1mmol)、2,5-二溴-3-己基噻吩(0.1mmol),PdCl2(dppf)(0.001mmol),助催化剂CuI(0.001mmol)和聚多巴胺改性的玻璃片衬底分散于6mL甲苯中,在N2保护下,加入2mLK2CO3水溶液(含0.03mmolK2CO3),在N2保护、70℃下反应48h。冷却至室温,取出衬底,用甲苯和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,得到基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
实施例6
单层芴类共轭聚合物膜与对TNT饱和蒸汽淬灭:
将20mgTNT置于密闭的荧光池中,置入单层芴类共轭聚合物膜材料,以450nm为激发光反复扫描其荧光光谱,其荧光强度被逐渐淬灭,如图3所示,以530nm处的荧光强度进行数据计算,发现所得膜的荧光强度在20s内即被淬灭76%。
尽管这里参照本发明的解释性实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是,应该理解,本领域技术人员可以设计出很多其他的修改和实施方式,这些修改和实施方式将落在本申请公开的原则范围和精神之内。更具体地说,在本申请公开的范围内,可以对主题组合布局的组成部件和/或布局进行多种变型和改进。除了对组成部件和/或布局进行的变型和改进外,对于本领域技术人员来说,其他的用途也将是明显的。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,包括无机衬底,其特征在于所述无机衬底表面粘附聚多巴胺改性层,芴类共轭聚合物通过共价键修饰在所述改性层表面,形成单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,其特征在于所述聚多巴胺改性层的厚度为5~75nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,其特征在于所述芴类共轭聚合物含有摩尔比为1:1的两种单体,一种是两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体,另一种是含有α-碘/溴结构的芴类单体、苯丙噻吩单体或者噻吩单体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,其特征在于所述芴类单体的碳-9,9’位上含有不同长度的长链脂肪烃,脂肪烃碳链长度在6~24范围内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,其特征在于所述无机衬底为硅片、玻璃、石英或者金属。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜,其特征在于所述无机衬底表面粘附聚多巴胺改性层的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将多巴胺溶解于pH值为8~9的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,获得多巴胺的浓度为0.1~1mg/mL的多巴胺溶液;
(2)将无机衬底垂直插入所述多巴胺溶液中,室温下静置12~48h,然后取出,反复用水和乙醇洗涤,N2吹干;
(3)将对碘苯甲酰氯溶解于无水甲苯中,获得对碘苯甲酰氯的浓度为1.5~5mg/mL的对碘苯甲酰氯甲苯溶液,将所述无机衬底置于其中,N2保护下反应8~12h,然后取出无机衬底,用乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得聚多巴胺改性的无机衬底。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
首先将单体、Pd催化剂、助催化剂CuI和聚多巴胺改性的无机衬底溶解或者分散于甲苯中,所述单体由摩尔比为1:1的两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体和含有α-碘/溴结构的芴类单体、苯丙噻吩单体或者噻吩单体组成,所述Pd催化剂为所述两端含有硼酸酯结构短基的芴类单体摩尔数的1%~3%,所述Pd催化剂与助催化剂CuI的摩尔比为1:1;
接着在N2保护下,加入K2CO3水溶液,K2CO3与Pd催化剂的摩尔比为20~40:1;
然后在N2保护、70~80℃条件下反应24~72h,冷却至室温,用甲苯、乙醇洗涤,N2吹干,即得所述基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述Pd催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4或PdCl2(dppf)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述甲苯和K2CO3水溶液中的水的体积比为2~3:1。
10.如权利要求7所述的基于聚多巴胺改性无机衬底的单层芴类共轭聚合物膜的应用,其特征在于用于检测芳烃类爆炸物TNT、DNT和PA的检测。
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