CN105396604A - Supported catalyst and applications of supported catalyst in perfluoro iodocarbon compound synthesis - Google Patents
Supported catalyst and applications of supported catalyst in perfluoro iodocarbon compound synthesis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a supported catalyst and applications of the supported catalyst in perfluoro iodocarbon compound synthesis. The supported catalyst comprises a carrier and active components supported on the carrier, wherein the carrier is a porous material, the active components comprise a phosphorus element and metal elements, and the metal elements comprise a lanthanum element and at least an alkali metal element. The preparation method comprises: dissolving a soluble compound containing a metal element and a phosphorus-containing ammonium salt to prepare aqueous solutions, wherein the phosphorus-containing ammonium salt is one or a combination comprising ammonium hypophosphite and ammonium phosphite; and supporting the soluble compound containing the metal element and the phosphorus-containing ammonium salt onto the carrier by using an impregnation method, taking the carrier after completing the impregnation, standing, drying, and calcining in an oxygen-free and water-free inert or hydrogen atmosphere to prepare the supported catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is used for the perfluoro iodocarbon compound synthesis reaction through catalysis of perfluoro alkane, and has high catalytic activity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of loaded catalyst and the application in perfluoro alkane compound for catalysis synthesis perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound thereof, the application particularly in synthesizing trifluoroiodomethaneand and PFEI.
Background technology
CF3I/PFEI is the important fluorine-containing chemical of a class.As cold-producing medium, due to not brominated in molecule and chlorine atom, the latent value (ODP) of ozone depletion is almost nil, and easily there is photolysis, atmospheric lifetime is short, the latent value (GWP) of greenhouse effects is low, has the unrivaled advantage of other substitute, one of ideal substitute being considered to CFCs; As extinguishing chemical, its extinguishing property is excellent, environmental protection, and storage density is high, great in aircraft, place application that ships and light boats equal-volume is high; As fine chemicals intermediate, the fluoroform of low carbon number is the trifluoromethyl reagent of very attractive, for the synthesis of medicine and the medicine intermediate thereof of high added value.In addition, perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound has important purposes in agricultural chemicals, surfactant, magnetic material, finishing agent, anti-fouling agent, photosensitive material, releasing agent, waterproof finish agent and medical material etc.In addition, CF3I/PFEI can also prepare other low carbon number perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound (carbon number 3-10) by reacting with tetrafluoroethylene polymerization.
The low carbon number perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound synthetic method proposing to have industrial prospect is the earliest perfluorocarboxylic acid salt thermal decomposition method [J.Am.Chem.Soc.1950 (72): 584-587.3806-7].The method with perfluorocarboxylic acid salt (as CF
3cOOM (M=Ag, Na, K, Hg, Pb, Ba) and I
2for raw material, in strong polar solvent, heat resolve prepares perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound.Wherein silver salt thermal decomposition best results, thermal decomposition yield can reach more than 80%.But need open firing in course of reaction, produce dangerous, and cost is too high.1967, Paskovich [J.Org.Chem.1967,32 (3): 833-834] proposed, under dimethyl formamide (DMF) backflow, to adopt sylvite or sodium salt as reactant, the CF synthesized
3i yield also can reach 70%.But this reaction scheme repeatability is bad, and the reaction time reaches 10 hours.Xu Huatang etc. [chemical reagent, 1989,11 (2): 123] use sulfolane instead and are used as solvent, under 170-180 degree, and CF
3the yield of I reaches about 80%, about when the reaction time foreshortens to 4h.Xiang Shaoji etc. [CN102464569B] have attempted the perfluoroalkyl iodide hydrocarbon synthesis under condition of no solvent, by adding a small amount of perfluorocarboxylic acid silver salt and/or perfluorocarboxylic acid mantoquita in the mixture to perfluorocarboxylic acid sylvite/sodium salt and iodine, heat decomposition temperature can be reduced, reduce accessory substance, product yield can reach 80-95%.But perfluorocarboxylic acid salt thermal decomposition method still needs to use perfluorocarboxylic acid silver salt, and totle drilling cost remains high, and technique is intermittently operated, and production efficiency is low, environmental pollution is comparatively large, is unfavorable for sustainable development.
1977, N.Nomura [JP52-68110] reported first used CF
3h and I
2make reaction raw materials, adopt gas-phase catalysis synthesis CF
3the technique of I.Vapor-phase synthesis CF
3i does not produce solid byproducts, environmentally safe, low in raw material price, and product easily processes, and unreacting material does not need process just can recycle.Therefore, very large-scale industrial production is applicable to.Nagasaki etc. are at Japan Patent [JP2005-8453; No5892136] in disclose the method and apparatus preparing CF3I.Honeywell discloses for CF
3i and CF
3cF
2the catalyst [CN101244979A] of I synthesis, provide with there is the element of d1s1 configuration or lanthanide series as catalyst, with the accelerative activator that transition metal, noble metal or rare earth metal are catalyst, prepare the method for CF3I and PFEI.The method [CN101219925B] of synthesizing trifluoroiodomethaneand and PFEI while that Liu Dongming disclosing a kind of, it is characterized in that with alkali metal salt, alkali salt or/and mantoquita is for catalyst, be carried on fluoride or oxyfluoride porous carrier, pass into the mist of oxygen or oxygen and inert atmosphere, take iodine as iodating agent, under high temperature gas phase, synthesize CF
3i and C
2f
5i.
But the vapor-phase synthesis CF3I of open report and PFEI catalyst system still exist the low problem of yield at present, conversion ratio and selectively simultaneously can not keep higher level, limits its industrial applications prospect greatly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of loaded catalyst and the application in perfluoro alkane compound for catalysis synthesis perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound thereof, this catalyst has higher catalytic activity, and perfluoro alkane compound has higher conversion ratio and selectivity of product.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of loaded catalyst, by carrier and load, the active component on carrier forms for it, described carrier is porous material, active component comprises P elements and metallic element, described metallic element is made up of a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal, wherein the quality proportioning of P elements, a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal is (0.01-5.0): 1.0:(0.1-25), in described loaded catalyst, lanthanide series load capacity (i.e. the mass percent of lanthanide series and carrier) is 0.1-8.0%;
The preparation method of described loaded catalyst comprises: the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt are dissolved and make the aqueous solution, described phosphorous ammonium salt is a kind of in ammonium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphite or both combinations, infusion process is adopted to load on carrier by the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt, get after having flooded carrier carry out leaving standstill, dry, then in the inertia or hydrogen atmosphere of oxygen-free gas and water in 200-750 DEG C of roasting 0.5-10 hour, obtained described loaded catalyst.
In the loaded catalyst that the present invention obtains, at least containing a kind of metal phosphide or fill type phosphorus-containing compound in the composition form of described active component.
Further, described carrier is high temperature resistant, non-oxidizability, high-ratio surface porous material, and preferred vector is fluorine alumina, fluorine magnesia, fluorine chromium oxide or graphite.
Further, described lanthanide series is the one in La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.
Further, described alkali metal is K, Rb or Cs.
Further, the described soluble compound containing metallic element refers to the nitrate of metallic element, halide salt, carbonate or oxalates.
Further, described metallic element is made up of a kind of lanthanide series and a kind of alkali metal, and the quality proportioning of described P elements, a kind of lanthanide series and a kind of alkali metal is preferably (0.05-4.5): 1.0:(1.0-20.0).
Further, described metallic element is made up of a kind of lanthanide series and two kinds of alkali metals, and the quality proportioning of described P elements, a kind of lanthanide series and two kinds of alkali metals is preferably (0.05-4.5): 1.0:(1.0-20.0) (two kinds of alkali metal quality sums).
Further, in described catalyst, lanthanide series load capacity (i.e. the mass percent of lanthanide series and carrier) is preferably 0.5-6.5%.
Further, in the preparation method of described catalyst, described infusion process can adopt total immersion stain or step impregnation, when adopting total immersion stain, dissolve by the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt and make mixed solution, then the soluble compound containing metallic element is loaded on carrier together with phosphorous ammonium salt; When adopting step impregnation, be about to make solution respectively containing the soluble compound of metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt, then the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt load on carrier by substep (after first phosphorus after metal or first metal phosphorus).Infusion process of the present invention, preferably adopts incipient impregnation.Dipping temperature is 15-80 DEG C, is preferably 20-70 DEG C.
Further, in the preparation method of described catalyst, dwell temperature is 15-80 DEG C, preferred 20-70 DEG C; Time of repose is 0.5-12 hour, preferred 2-8 hour.
Further, in the preparation method of described catalyst, drying condition is under vacuum state (-0.08 ~-0.0MPa), in 60-120 DEG C of dry 0.5-10 hour, is preferable over 80-110 DEG C of dry 2-8 hour.
Further, in the preparation method of described catalyst, roasting process must carry out in the inertia of oxygen-free gas and water or hydrogen atmosphere, this is because phosphorous ammonium salt can react and generates reducibility gas hydrogen phosphide in roasting process, and then generate metal phosphide with reactive metal oxide or enter in metal oxide lattice, if there is oxygen, hydrogen phosphide can generate phosphate with oxygen reaction.The preferred roasting condition of the present invention is: 250-650 DEG C of roasting 0.5-8 hour.
Further, the preparation method of described loaded catalyst, refer to ammonium hypophosphite or ammonium phosphite, a kind of lanthanide metal salt and one or both alkali metal salts are according to phosphorus: lanthanide series: alkali metal quality proportioning is (0.05-4.5): 1.0:(1.0-20.0) dissolving that feeds intake makes mixed aqueous solution, incipient impregnation is carried out with carrier in 20-70 DEG C, wherein the mass percent of lanthanide series and carrier is 0.5-6.5%, then 2-8 hour is left standstill at such a temperature, again in 80-110 DEG C of vacuum drying 2-8 hour, finally under the inertia or hydrogen atmosphere of oxygen-free gas and water through 250-650 DEG C of roasting 0.5-8 hour, obtained described loaded catalyst.
The invention provides the application of described loaded catalyst in the synthesis of perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound, described application process is as follows: control is loaded with the temperature of the reactor of loaded catalyst at 500-600 DEG C, perfluoro alkane compound, iodine vapor and oxygen are passed in reactor simultaneously, under 1.0-1.5 atmospheric pressure with loaded catalyst abundant haptoreaction, gained tail gas, after alkali liquor absorption, drying, separation, obtains corresponding perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound; It is C that described perfluoro alkane compound is selected from chemical formula
xf
2x+1a kind of or several arbitrarily mixing in the compound of H, the chemical formula of described perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound is C
xf
2x+1i, wherein x is 1 ~ 6.
Further, in described catalyst application, the preferred CF of perfluoro alkane compound
3h or CF
3cF
2h or both mixtures.
Further, in described catalyst application, the amount of substance proportioning of perfluoro alkane compound, iodine vapor and oxygen is 1.0:(0.5-1.5): (0.3-0.5).
Further, described reactor can be the gas-solid phase reactor such as fixed bed, fluid bed.
Innovation of the present invention is, the present invention adopts the catalyst activity component of a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal composition, and is modified by P and make its form consist of metal phosphide or intermetallic fills type phosphide.The part that adds of P changes the cell parameter of original crystal structure, fermi level and crystal phase structure etc., facilitates the adsorption activation of perfluoro alkane, and then improves the conversion ratio of perfluor iodine hydrocarbon and selective.In addition, for the characteristic of this catalyst, be applied in perfluoro alkane compound for catalysis synthesis perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound course of reaction at it, passing into of iodine vapor should before activating induction period, namely, while passing into perfluoro alkane compound and oxygen, suitable iodine vapor should be passed into immediately.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1) method for preparing catalyst of the present invention is simple, and preparation process condition is easy to control, reproducible.
2) reaction conversion ratio 80% of the perfluoro alkane compou nd synthesis perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound under loaded catalyst catalysis of the present invention, selective 63%, yield can reach more than 50%.
3) perfluor iodine hydrocarbon yield is high, favourable reduction product separation and process operation cost.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1---embodiment 15
Take ammonium hypophosphite or ammonium phosphite, a kind of lanthanide metal salt and one/two kind of soluble alkali metal salts, according to its phosphorus: lanthanide series: alkali metal quality proportioning is (0.05-4.5): 1.0:(1.0-20.0), lanthanide series metal load capacity is 0.5-6.5%, dissolves and makes aqueous impregnation solution.After fully dissolving, carry out incipient impregnation at 20-70 DEG C with carrier, then leave standstill 2-8 hour, 80-110 DEG C of vacuum drying 2-8 hour at such a temperature, finally by roasting 0.5-8 hour under 250-650 DEG C of inert atmosphere or hydrogen atmosphere, obtained described catalyst.In catalyst, each element mass ratio adopts XRF to measure.Specifically as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Taking a kind of lanthanide metal salt and one/two kinds of soluble alkali metal salts, is 1.0:(1.0-20.0 according to its quality proportioning), lanthanide series metal load capacity is 0.5-6.5%, dissolves and makes aqueous impregnation solution.After fully dissolving, carry out incipient impregnation with carrier, leave standstill 2-8 hour, 80-110 DEG C of vacuum drying 2-8 hour, finally by 250-650 DEG C of inert atmosphere roasting 0.5-8 hour, tunnel obtains comparative example catalyst.In catalyst, each element mass ratio adopts XRF to measure.Specifically as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 16---embodiment 31
In the gas solid reactor such as fixed bed reactors or fluid bed, by CF
3h or CF
3cF
2h or both mixtures, iodine vapor and oxygen are that 1:0.75:0.35 passes into reactor simultaneously according to amount of substance proportioning, and air speed is 200-800h
-1, haptoreaction abundant with catalyst under 500-600 degree, a 1.0-1.5 atmospheric pressure.Tail gas, after alkali liquor absorption, drying, separation, obtains perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound.Product is by Agilent 7890 gas chromatographic analysis.Specifically as shown in table 2.
Claims (10)
1. a loaded catalyst, by carrier and load, the active component on carrier forms for it, described carrier is porous material, active component comprises P elements and metallic element, described metallic element is made up of a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal, wherein the quality proportioning of P elements, a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal is (0.01-5.0): 1.0:(0.1-25), in described loaded catalyst, lanthanide series load capacity is 0.1-8.0%;
The preparation method of described loaded catalyst comprises: the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt are dissolved and make the aqueous solution, described phosphorous ammonium salt is a kind of in ammonium hypophosphite, ammonium phosphite or both combinations, infusion process is adopted to load on carrier by the soluble compound containing metallic element and phosphorous ammonium salt, get after having flooded carrier carry out leaving standstill, dry, then in the inertia or hydrogen atmosphere of oxygen-free gas and water in 200-750 DEG C of roasting 0.5-10 hour, obtained described loaded catalyst.
2. loaded catalyst as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described carrier is fluorine alumina, fluorine magnesia, fluorine chromium oxide or graphite.
3. loaded catalyst as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described metallic element is made up of a kind of lanthanide series and one or both alkali metals.
4. the loaded catalyst as described in one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described lanthanide series is the one in La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; Described alkali metal is K, Rb or Cs.
5. the loaded catalyst as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: in described catalyst, lanthanide series load capacity is 0.5-6.5%, and the quality proportioning of described P elements, a kind of lanthanide series and at least one alkali metal is (0.05-4.5): 1:(1.0-20.0).
6. the loaded catalyst as described in one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: in the preparation method of described catalyst, and dipping temperature is 15-80 DEG C; Dwell temperature is 15-80 DEG C, and the time is 0.5-12 hour; Drying condition is under vacuum state, in 60-120 DEG C of dry 0.5-10 hour; Roasting condition is: 250-650 DEG C of roasting 0.5-8 hour.
7. the loaded catalyst as described in one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the preparation method of described catalyst is: by ammonium hypophosphite or ammonium phosphite, a kind of lanthanide metal salt and one or both alkali metal salts are according to phosphorus: lanthanide series: alkali metal quality proportioning is (0.05-4.5): 1:(1.0-20) dissolving that feeds intake makes mixed aqueous solution, incipient impregnation is carried out with carrier in 20-70 DEG C, wherein the mass percent of lanthanide series and carrier is 0.5-6.5%, then 2-8 hour is left standstill at such a temperature, again in 80-110 DEG C of vacuum drying 2-8 hour, finally under the inertia or hydrogen atmosphere of oxygen-free gas and water through 250-650 DEG C of roasting 0.5-8 hour, obtained described loaded catalyst.
8. the application of loaded catalyst as claimed in claim 1 in the synthesis of perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound, described application process is: control is loaded with the temperature of the reactor of loaded catalyst at 500-600 DEG C, perfluoro alkane compound, iodine vapor and oxygen are passed in reactor simultaneously, under 1.0-1.5 atmospheric pressure with loaded catalyst abundant haptoreaction, gained tail gas, after alkali liquor absorption, drying, separation, obtains corresponding perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound; It is C that described perfluoro alkane compound is selected from chemical formula
xf
2x+1a kind of or several arbitrarily mixing in the compound of H, the chemical formula of described perfluor iodine hydrocarbon compound is C
xf
2x+1i, wherein x is 1 ~ 6.
9. apply as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described perfluoro alkane compound is CF
3h or CF
3cF
2h or both mixtures.
10. apply as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that: the amount of substance proportioning of perfluoro alkane compound, iodine vapor and oxygen is 1:(0.5-1.5): (0.3-0.5).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111253209A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-09 | 天津绿菱气体有限公司 | Preparation method of trifluoroiodomethane with high conversion rate |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107999100B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2020-12-15 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Light alkane aromatization catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109289885B (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2021-07-27 | 浙江工业大学 | Catalyst for gas-phase catalytic synthesis of perfluoroiodocarbon compound and preparation and application thereof |
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| CN101244979A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-20 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | Catalyst for the synthesis of CF3I and CF3CF2I |
| CN102464569A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 中化蓝天集团有限公司 | Preparation method for perfluoroalkyl iodide with low carbon number |
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| EP1918268A2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-05-07 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Catalyst promotors for producing trifluoroiodomethane and pentafluoroiodoethane |
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