CN105396460A - Method for efficient combined removal of N2O and NOx - Google Patents

Method for efficient combined removal of N2O and NOx Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105396460A
CN105396460A CN201510996049.1A CN201510996049A CN105396460A CN 105396460 A CN105396460 A CN 105396460A CN 201510996049 A CN201510996049 A CN 201510996049A CN 105396460 A CN105396460 A CN 105396460A
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reactor
removes
reaction
efficient
gas
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CN105396460B (en
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雷军
钱胜涛
肖二飞
刘华伟
刘应杰
成春喜
吕明
张清建
王先厚
孔渝华
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HUASHUO TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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HUASHUO TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/70Non-metallic catalysts, additives or dopants
    • B01D2255/702Carbon
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/10Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for efficient combined removal of N2O and NOx. The method comprises the following steps: 1, completely removing NOx and partially removing N2O from a treatment gas containing N2O and NOx at 500-1100DEG C by using a coke and active carbon mixture or a coal and active carbon mixture as a catalyst to obtain removed products N2 and CO2; and 2, carrying out catalytic decomposition on N2O residual in the gas at 200-600DEG C by using a N2O efficient decomposition catalyst to form N2 and O2. The method overcomes the N2O removal problem, realizes efficient combined removal of N2O and NOx, improves the catalytic decomposition precision, and allows the total concentration of N2O and NOx in the removed discharged gas to be lower than 100ppm.

Description

A kind of efficient joint removes N 2o and NO xmethod
Technical field
The present invention relates to and remove N 2o and NO xtechnical field, particularly relate to produce in the chemical process such as nitric acid, aliphatic acid, caprolactam, acrylonitrile containing N 2o and NO x(NO xrefer to not containing N 2the nitrogen oxide of O) tail gas treatment process.
Background technology
In the production processes such as nitric acid, aliphatic acid, caprolactam, acrylonitrile, usually produce nitrous oxides exhaust gas, mainly comprise N 2o, NO, NO 2, N 2o 3, N 2o 4, wherein N 2o is a kind of colourless pleasantly sweet gas, has anesthetic effect, is also called laughing gas, has greenhouse effects concurrently and to depletion of the ozone layer effect, N 2o causes the potentiality of global warming to compare CO 2exceed 310 times, N in current air 2the concentration of O is about 310nmol/mol, and increases with annual about 0.2 ~ 0.3% speed, and its development trend forms very large threat to human residential environment, is also one of the gas of clear stipulaties limit row in Kyodo Protocol book.
NO xdirectly be detrimental to health, cause lung damage, impact central nervous system, can generate photochemical fog in atmosphere, this toxic smog greatly endangers healthy simultaneously, destroys ecological environment.NO xremove and mainly contain SNCR (SNCR) and SCR (SCR), SNCR reaction temperature is higher, and denitration precision is not high, therefore generally adopts SCR, and reducing agent generally selects NH 3, H 2, methane etc.
But efficient joint removes N in currently available technology 2o and NO xmethod report less.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of efficient joint to remove N 2o and NO xmethod.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of efficient joint removes N 2o and NO xmethod, the method step: (1), first under 500 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, utilizes the mixture of coke and active carbon, or the mixture as catalyst of coal and active carbon, will containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas in NO xremove completely, simultaneously partial removal N 2o, the product removed is N 2and CO 2, (2) then utilize N under 200 ~ 600 DEG C of conditions 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst is by N remaining in gas 2o catalytic decomposition is N 2and O 2.
By such scheme, described containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas in NO xvolumn concentration be 0.1 ~ 20%, N 2the volumn concentration of O is 0.1 ~ 10%.
By such scheme, in described coke and the mixture of active carbon, the mass ratio of coke and active carbon is 0.5-3:1; In the mixture of coal and active carbon, the mass ratio of coal and active carbon is 0.3-2:1.
By such scheme, the catalytic eliminating reaction temperature of step (1) is chosen within the scope of 600 ~ 950 DEG C, the N in step (2) 2o cartalytic decomposition effect temperature is chosen within the scope of 300 ~ 500 DEG C.
By such scheme, in said method, will containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas lift temperature enter the first reactor being filled with beds and react, the first reactor inlet cold air and said outlet gas are carried out catalytic reaction reduction remove NO by entering the first reactor being filled with beds after heat exchanger heat exchange xand N 2o, after enter the second reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst decomposes remaining N 2o, after then reacting, gas is discharged.
By such scheme, the first reactor outlet gas entered in heat exchanger by adjustment and the tolerance of the first reactor inlet cold air regulate the reaction temperature in the first reactor and the second reactor.
By such scheme, according to N in exit gas in course of reaction 2o and NO xcontent regulates and controls the reaction temperature in the first reactor and the second reactor.
By such scheme, N in exit gas after reaction 2o and NO xtotal concentration is lower than 100ppm.
By such scheme, containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas enter the first reactor before need to fill into a certain amount of air, and ensure mix.
By such scheme, the catalytic eliminating reaction of step (1) and the middle N of step (2) 2the air speed of O cartalytic decomposition effect is 100 ~ 5000h -1, be preferably 500 ~ 2000h -1.
By such scheme, when carrying out removing reaction, control pressure (gauge pressure) 0.01MPa ~ 2MPa of reaction system, be preferably 0.05MPa ~ 1.5MPa; N 2the pressure (gauge pressure) controlling reaction system during O catalytic decomposition is 0.01MPa ~ 2MPa, is preferably 0.05MPa ~ 1.5MPa.
Efficient joint removes N 2o and NO xmethod subtractive process in the chemical equation that occurs be:
2N 2O==2N 2+O 2(1)
2NO+C==N 2+CO 2(2)
2NO 2+2C==N 2+2CO 2(3)
2NO+2CO==N 2+2CO 2(4)
2NO 2+4CO==N 2+4CO 2(5)
2N 2O+C==2N 2+CO 2(6)
N 2O+CO==N 2+CO 2(7)
N in the present invention 2the catalyst that O efficient-decomposition catalyst choice prior art is openly reported, such as N disclosed in Chinese patent CN02800417 and CN200910136205 2o decomposition catalyst etc.
The main efficacy results of this patent is:
Tradition removes NO xin for keeping denitration effect, it is excessive that the addition of reducing agent needs, and the reducing agent of excess residual is if ammonia is to lower workshop section N 2the catalytic decomposition of O has inhibitory action; The present invention is by adopting coke and the mixture of active carbon or the mixture of coal and active carbon as self-catalysis agent, the synergy can brought based on the resolution characteristic of the loose structure characteristic of active carbon and coke, coal, and select the suitable temperature of control to react, it can be made simultaneously to decompose in catalytic reaction reducibility gas is provided, and utilize active carbon enrich inner hole structure, make pending N 2o, NO xin active carbon endoporus more fully adsorb, haptoreaction, improve N 2o and NO xremoval efficiency, efficient catalytic reduction N 2o and NO x, removing NO xtime partial removal N 2o, reduces N when subsequent decomposition reacts therefrom 2the load of O catalytic decomposition, improves outlet N further 2the precision of O, and then use N 2o effective catalyst is by N remaining in gas 2o catalytic decomposition is N 2and O 2, finally can overcome N 2o removes a difficult problem, realizes N 2o and NO xefficient joint remove, improve catalytic decomposition precision, remove N in rear exit gas 2o and NO xtotal concentration is lower than 100ppm.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is reaction process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Summary of the invention of the present invention is further illustrated below with example.
Embodiment 1:
Containing 0.4%N 2o and 8%NO xtail gas, being warming up to 600 DEG C by the heater that goes into operation, entering mixture (coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 1:1) bed (1# reactor) Reduction of NO of coke, active carbon x, and partial reduction N 2o, by exit gas and the heat exchange of 1# reactor inlet cold air, adjusted heat exchanger tolerance regulates 1# temperature of reactor 550 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 250 DEG C, then the 1# reactor inlet cold air after heat exchange is sent into 1# reactor and reacts, after enter 2# reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst decomposing N 2o, to exporting N 2o concentration 24ppm, NO xconcentration 56ppm discharges to aiutage.
As adopted conventional ammonia as reducing agent, general residual ammonia about 20ppm, accordingly, we design corresponding test in the above-mentioned tail gas condition of laboratory evaluation: after 1# reactor (temperature 550 DEG C), fill into 20ppm Ammonia, observe residual ammonia to N in 2# reactor (temperature 250 DEG C) 2the impact of O catalytic decomposition, result fills into 2# reactor outlet N after ammonia 2o concentration 280ppm, fills into front 24ppm, and visible residual ammonia is for N 2o catalytic decomposition Accuracy is very large, result in outlet total nitrogen and exceeds standard.
Embodiment 2:
Containing 3%N 2o and 5%NO xtail gas, being warming up to 600 DEG C by the heater that goes into operation, entering mixture (coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 1:1) bed (1# reactor) Reduction of NO of coal, active carbon x, and partial reduction N 2o, utilize exit gas reaction heat and the heat exchange of 1# reactor inlet cold air, adjusted heat exchanger tolerance regulates 1# temperature of reactor 550 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 250 DEG C, the 1# reactor inlet cold air after heat exchange is sent into 1# reactor and reacts, then enter 2# reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst (catalytic decomposition N 2o, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 40ppm and 56ppm, discharges from aiutage.
Under equal conditions, investigate adjusted heat exchanger tolerance to regulate the reaction result of 1# temperature of reactor 750 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 450 DEG C.N is exported after above-mentioned conditioned response 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 25ppm and 33ppm.
Embodiment 3:
Containing 3%N 2o and 5%NO xtail gas, be warming up to 600 DEG C by the heater that goes into operation, enter bed of mixture (1# reactor) Reduction of NO of coal, active carbon x, and partial reduction N 2o, utilize exit gas reaction heat and the heat exchange of 1# reactor inlet cold air, adjusted heat exchanger tolerance regulates 1# temperature of reactor 750 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 450 DEG C, then the 1# reactor inlet cold air after heat exchange is sent into 1# reactor and reacts, after enter 2# reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst (catalytic decomposition N 2o, after reaction, gas discharges to aiutage.
Coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 0.3:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 55ppm and 45ppm;
Under equal conditions, coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 1:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 25ppm and 33ppm;
Under equal conditions, coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 2:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 55ppm and 45ppm;
Under equal conditions, coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 2.5:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 90ppm and 85ppm;
Under equal conditions, coal and quality of activated carbon are than being 0.15:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 90ppm and 85ppm.
Find out from these data: equal conditions, coal and quality of activated carbon are than being better effects if under 0.3-2:1.
Embodiment 4:
Containing 3%N 2o and 5%NO xtail gas, be warming up to 600 DEG C by the heater that goes into operation, enter bed of mixture (1# reactor) Reduction of NO of coke, active carbon x, and partial reduction N 2o, utilize exit gas reaction heat and the heat exchange of 1# reactor inlet cold air, adjusted heat exchanger tolerance regulates 1# temperature of reactor 750 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 450 DEG C, then the 1# reactor inlet cold air after heat exchange is sent into 1# reactor and reacts, after enter 2# reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst (catalytic decomposition N 2o, after reaction, gas discharges to aiutage.
Coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 0.5:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 55ppm and 45ppm;
Under equal conditions, coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 1.5:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 20ppm and 28ppm;
Under equal conditions, coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 3:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 55ppm and 45ppm;
Under equal conditions, coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 3.5:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 110ppm and 95ppm;
Under equal conditions, coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 0.3:1, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 110ppm and 95ppm.
Find out from these data: equal conditions, coke and quality of activated carbon are than being better effects if under 0.5-3:1.
Embodiment 5:
Containing 4%N 2o and 17%NO xtail gas, wherein also containing 10% methyl alcohol, 17%CO, 4%CH 4, being warming up to 600 DEG C by the heater that goes into operation, entering mixture (coke and quality of activated carbon are than being 2:1) bed (1# reactor) Reduction of NO of coke, active carbon x, and partial reduction N 2o, utilize exit gas reaction heat and the heat exchange of 1# reactor inlet cold air, adjusted heat exchanger tolerance regulates 1# temperature of reactor 650 DEG C and 2# temperature of reactor 350 DEG C, then the 1# reactor inlet cold air after heat exchange is sent into 1# reactor and reacts, after enter 2# reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst decomposing N 2o, outlet N 2o and NO xconcentration is respectively 38ppm and 53ppm, discharges to aiutage.
Above-described embodiment 1-5, the first reactor and the second reactor air speed 500-2000h -1.Pressure 0.1 ~ the 0.5MPa of the first reactor and the second reactor, the selection of pressure mainly will be considered to overcome catalyst bed layer resistance, and simultaneously maximum pressure can not higher than catalyst tolerance, otherwise the easy efflorescence of catalyst.Comparatively speaking, pressure is larger favourable to reaction, but general impacts are less.

Claims (10)

1. an efficient joint removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: the method step: (1), first under 500 ~ 1100 DEG C of conditions, utilizes the mixture of coke and active carbon, or the mixture as catalyst of coal and active carbon, will containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas in NO xremove completely, simultaneously partial removal N 2o, the product removed is N 2and CO 2; (2) then under 200 ~ 600 DEG C of conditions, N is utilized 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst is by N remaining in gas 2o catalytic decomposition is N 2and O 2.
2. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: described containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas in NO xvolumn concentration be 0.1 ~ 20%, N 2the volumn concentration of O is 0.1 ~ 10%.
3. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: in described coke and the mixture of active carbon, the mass ratio of coke and active carbon is 0.5-3:1; In the mixture of coal and active carbon, the mass ratio of coal and active carbon is 0.3-2:1.
4. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: the catalytic eliminating reaction temperature of step (1) is chosen within the scope of 600 ~ 950 DEG C, the N in step (2) 2o catalytic decomposition temperature is chosen within the scope of 300 ~ 500 DEG C.
5. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: in said method, will containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas lift temperature enter the first reactor being filled with beds and react, the first reactor inlet cold air and said outlet gas are carried out catalytic reaction reduction remove NO by entering the first reactor being filled with beds after heat exchanger heat exchange xand N 2o, after enter the second reactor through N 2o efficient-decomposition catalyst decomposes remaining N 2o, after then reacting, gas is discharged.
6. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: regulate reaction temperature in the first reactor and the second reactor by regulating the tolerance of the first reactor outlet gas of entering in heat exchanger and the first reactor inlet cold air.
7. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: in course of reaction according to outlet N 2o and NO xcontent regulates and controls the reaction temperature in the first reactor and the second reactor.
8. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: N in exit gas after reaction 2o and NO xtotal concentration is lower than 100ppm.
9. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: containing N 2o and NO xprocess gas enter the first reactor before need to fill into a certain amount of air, and ensure mix.
10. efficient joint according to claim 1 removes N 2o and NO xmethod, it is characterized in that: the reaction of the catalytic eliminating of step (1) and the middle N of step (2) 2the air speed of O cartalytic decomposition effect is 100 ~ 5000h -1;
Pressure 0.01MPa ~ the 2MPa of reaction system is controlled when carrying out the catalytic eliminating reaction of step (1); Carry out the N of step (2) 2the pressure controlling reaction system during O catalytic decomposition is 0.01MPa ~ 2MPa.
CN201510996049.1A 2015-12-25 2015-12-25 High-efficiency combined removal of N2O and NOxMethod (2) Active CN105396460B (en)

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CN106000420A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-10-12 华烁科技股份有限公司 Catalyst for integrated removal of N2O and NOx and preparation method thereof
CN106823719A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-13 中国天辰工程有限公司 The integral type self-heating decomposing system and method for a kind of laughing gas
CN106902623A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-30 中国天辰工程有限公司 The heat treatment system and method for a kind of laughing gas
CN113144890A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-07-23 北京工业大学 Waste gas purification system and method containing high-concentration laughing gas

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CN106823719A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-13 中国天辰工程有限公司 The integral type self-heating decomposing system and method for a kind of laughing gas
CN106902623A (en) * 2017-03-29 2017-06-30 中国天辰工程有限公司 The heat treatment system and method for a kind of laughing gas
CN106902623B (en) * 2017-03-29 2019-10-25 中国天辰工程有限公司 A kind of heat treatment system and method for laughing gas
CN106823719B (en) * 2017-03-29 2019-10-25 中国天辰工程有限公司 A kind of the integral type self-heating decomposing system and method for laughing gas
CN113144890A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-07-23 北京工业大学 Waste gas purification system and method containing high-concentration laughing gas

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