CN105396052A - 一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于骨伤治疗领域，具体涉及一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。本发明的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，由下述的原料制成：续断5-35份、骨碎补2-20份、黄芪1-15份、乳香2-8份、当归1-6份、三七2-8份、半夏1-5份、五加皮2-8份、白芥子4-12份、丹参2-9份、草果3-8份、附片1-8份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝1-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-5份、甘草1-6份、肉桂1-8份、金银花3-12份、白芷5-20份。本发明的有益效果在于，采用本发明的方法及原料制得的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，见效快，方便使用，而且治疗效果好，不需要抗生素治疗，减少了抗生素对人体的毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于骨伤治疗领域，具体涉及一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，还涉及上述的喷雾剂的制备方法。
背景技术
西医骨科强调的是精确，依赖高科技的仪器设备，对伤处进行精确定位，然后实施手术，除了特别严重到现代医学无法使其完全自然的那种外，一般情况康复后除了疤痕外，都能基本上保证形体上的端正与自然。但是，在做到精确的同时，开刀带来的痛苦则比中医治疗方式大得多，所花费的医疗费用也会比中医多得多。
在骨折治疗中，固定与运动同样重要；骨折愈合和功能锻炼恢复应相辅相成；局部与整体同时兼顾，外固定只有通过患者机体的内在固定力才起作用。
1、局部与整体并重：骨折是由外因造成的。但骨折以后会引起整体一系列的内在变化。中医很明确地说明了局部病变和整体的关系。局部受了伤就不能只从局部着手，而应该局部与整体并重。西医因受机械唯物论的影响，尤其是外科工作者在治疗上常从局部出发，即是一切顺利骨折愈合因为长期外固定，会形成关节强直，肌肉萎缩。
采用了一整套中西医结合包括局部的包扎固定、手法按摩、被动活动、自动运动，早日负重、红外线照射、，外敷膏药、内服接骨丹等综合疗法，收到显著成效，能使骨折愈合时间缩短二分之一，整个疗程缩短三分之二。
2、固定与运动的统—：在骨折治疗上，为了保持骨折对位，促使骨折断端愈合，固定是必要的。但固定势必影响肢体的活动。而活动又是保持机体的活动力、促进血液循环、增强物质代谢的重要关键，也能影响固定。因而在治疗骨折的过程中，存在着动与静，固定和运动的矛盾关系。运动是绝对的，静止是相对的，因此在骨折处理上如何正确处理动与静，固定与运动的辩证关系，是促进骨折愈合，保持关节功能的关键。
按照西医石膏固定的传统原则，骨折远近的。上下两关节必须固定起来，增加了对骨折的剪力，使骨折在石膏内发生变位。长期连续的固定，势必引起关节强直，肌肉萎缩，骨质疏松，骨折愈合自然缓慢。
中医在处理骨折时也用固定，但它是在运动的基础上来谈固定，是一种能动的固定。骨折后无论采取什么固定，只能使骨折断端接近，骨折部的活动减低到最低限度，而不能使骨折断端之间一点也不动。在骨折未愈合前，运动是绝对的，而固定只能是相对的。当肢体活动时，外固定和肢体一起动，大部分剪力都被关节活动所吸收，大大的减轻了对骨折的负担。所剩余的一点活动，在骨折两端之间产生一定的压力，使骨折端紧密相接，这是一种生理刺激，对骨折愈合不但无害，反而有利。
3、整复、固定和功能恢复同时并进：中医治疗骨折，除去骨折愈合快，病人痛苦少外，就是肢体功能恢复的又快又好。肢体功能的好坏关键在于关节有无强直，肌肉是否有粘连。西医在理论上了解这一点，但治疗上偏偏违反了。偏重局部，忽略整体，着重对骨折的固定，牺牲了关节活动。
中医治疗骨折是全面的，既注意局部，又照顾到整体：既达到骨折早期愈合，又要保证关节功能。局部包扎外固定的办法，巧妙的把固定与运动的矛盾统一起来，有机的把整复、固定和功能恢复三个阶段紧密的联系在一起，同时并进。整复时就照顾到固定，固定中也有整复，用外固定将骨折断端逐渐整复。
4、内服药与外敷药并用：应用内服药与外敷药治疗骨折是中医正骨的一个特点。中药接骨丹、接骨散，多种多样，但其用药目的和药物作用是一致的。中医用药是辨证论治的，一般是按照祖国医学对骨折修复和治疗原则而分早晚两期。早期以去瘀消肿，止痛为主，晚期以壮筋接骨为主。
骨折后必然发生肿痛现象，因而经络气血壅滞不通，造成循环障碍，局部血液供应情形直接影响骨折愈合。所以在骨折初期肿痛较甚时，应着重行气，消肿止痛，去瘀生新。使经络气血通达、循环加速、增加新陈代谢，骨折早期愈合。
当骨折局部瘀血化尽，经络气血畅通，病变初期所表现的肿痛已基本消除后，此时主要治疗应当着重于骨折断端的修复，祖国医学认为此类药物皆归肝肾二经，肝肾二经对骨折愈合有密切关系。
中西医治疗骨折，各有所长，亦各有所短，两者都是在不同的历史文化环境中长期形成的医学科学，各有自己独特的理论体系和治疗方法。在新的原则指导下，取中、西医两者各自之长，补彼此之短，骨折的治疗范围不断扩大，效果不断提高。
骨折患者五类药不宜服，并不是所有的有关消炎镇痛的药物均适用于骨伤患者。
骨折是临床上的常见病。许多骨折患者由于缺乏医学知识或治病心切，经常会自行服用一些据说是能促进骨骼生长或消炎止痛的药物，结果却影响了正常的骨折愈合，甚至留下终身的残疾。其实，人体的骨组织具有很强的再生和自我修复能力，在发生一般性质的骨折或脱位等外伤时不需要服用药物来加快愈合的速度。相反，一些临床上常用的药物反而可干扰骨折的愈合。那么，哪些常用药不利于骨折的愈合呢？
1、消炎痛和水杨酸类药物：消炎痛及阿司匹林、扶他林等水杨酸类药物可抑制前列腺素的合成，从而达到止痛的效果。但是，骨折患者体内的前列腺素可使其断骨端的组织发生血管扩张、血管再生、巨噬细胞聚集等良性的炎症反应，增加骨折局部的供血量和供氧量，从而可促进骨折的愈合。抑制前列腺素的合成就会减慢骨折愈合的速度，甚至会导致骨不连。
2、四环素类药物：四环素类药物可永久性地结合到人体内的骨骼等钙化组织中，使骨骼生长速度变慢，并可引起儿童骨骺及干骺端的骨小梁变形、断裂，甚至可导致局部的微细骨折。因此，骨折患者（尤其是儿童骨折患者）应慎用四环素类药物。
3、皮质激素类药物：强的松龙、地塞米松等皮质激素类药物可直接影响骨的生长、转换及损伤后的修复。人们若长期服用此类药物可引起全身性骨质疏松，甚至发生病理性骨折。骨折患者若在骨折愈合初期服用此类药物，可抑制骨折端的血肿吸收、肉芽组织的形成、血管再生及骨骼钙化，甚至可诱发血肿感染。
4、抗凝类药物：肝素、双香豆素等抗凝类药物可减少凝血活酶的浓度，使骨折端的纤维蛋白合成减少、血钙水平降低，并可阻止骨基质钙化沉积，从而延缓骨折愈合的速度。
5、环磷酰胺：环磷酰胺是一种最常用的抗肿瘤药，其作用强大而持久。该药可破坏脱氧核糖核酸的结构和功能，抑制细胞的分裂和增殖。骨折患者若服用环磷酰胺会损害其骨骺软骨板的成骨细胞，使其纵向生长受到限制，并可减少骨干的抗弯强度。另外，该药还有抑制骨髓造血机能、干扰结缔组织修复等副作用。
此外，某些中成药也可影响骨折的愈合。该病患者若不加选择地服用中成药是非常危险的。专家认为，骨折患者服用中成药时必须有中医师的指导。骨折患者在疾病的早期应以服用活血化瘀类中成药为主，在骨折的中期应以服用接骨续筋类中成药为主，在骨折的后期应以服用补肝益肾类中成药为主。
因此，本申请针对上述的骨伤患者人群，提供了一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，该喷雾剂涂用方便，见效快，无毒副作用。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明提供了一种见效快、无毒副作用而且涂用方便的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，还提供了上述的喷雾剂的制备方法。
本发明是通过下述的技术方案来实现的：
本发明的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断5-35份、骨碎补2-20份、黄芪1-15份、乳香2-8份、当归1-6份、三七2-8份、半夏1-5份、五加皮2-8份、白芥子4-12份、丹参2-9份、草果3-8份、附片1-8份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝1-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-5份、甘草1-6份、肉桂1-8份、金银花3-12、白芷5-20，加水浸泡8-15小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的6-8倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制40-60分钟，过滤，得药液；以上述的份数均为重量份数；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
优选的，上述的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其中部分原料药物重量份数如下：
续断10-35骨碎补3-18黄芪2-12
乳香2-7当归1-5三七2-6
半夏1-4五加皮2-6白芥子4-10
丹参2-8草果3-7附片1-6
姜黄2-7牛膝2-8桑寄生2-8
细辛1-4甘草1-5肉桂2-6
金银花3-10白芷5-18。
更优选的，上述的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，其中各原料的重量份数如下：
续断30骨碎补12黄芪10
乳香5当归3三七5
半夏2五加皮3白芥子8
丹参4草果4附片4
姜黄5牛膝5桑寄生4
细辛3甘草4肉桂5
金银花8白芷10。
上述的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断10-35份、骨碎补3-18份、黄芪2-12份、乳香2-7份、当归1-5份、三七2-6份、半夏1-4份、五加皮2-6份、白芥子4-10份、丹参2-8份、草果3-7份、附片1-6份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝2-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-4份、甘草1-5份、肉桂2-6份、金银花3-10份、白芷5-18份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
优选的，上述的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断30份、骨碎补12份、黄芪10份、乳香5份、当归3份、三七5份、半夏2份、五加皮3份、白芥子8份、丹参4份、草果4份、附片4份、姜黄5份、牛膝5份、桑寄生4份、细辛3份、甘草4份、肉桂5份、金银花8份、白芷10份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
作为本发明的一种改进，在上述的喷雾剂中加入红花提取物0.1-0.5重量份。
优选的，在上述的喷雾剂中加入红花提取物0.3重量份。
在上述的喷雾剂中加入鹿茸多肽0.01-0.5重量份。
本发明的有益效果在于，采用本发明的方法及原料制得的治疗骨伤的喷雾剂，见效快，方便使用，而且治疗效果好，不需要抗生素治疗，减少了抗生素对人体的毒副作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明，以便本领域的技术人员更了解本发明，但并不因此限制本发明。
实施例1
治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断30份、骨碎补12份、黄芪10份、乳香5份、当归3份、三七5份、半夏2份、五加皮3份、白芥子8份、丹参4份、草果4份、附片4份、姜黄5份、牛膝5份、桑寄生4份、细辛3份、甘草4份、肉桂5份、金银花8份、白芷10份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5的乙醇，再加入红花提取物0.3份，加入鹿茸多肽0.25份，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
以上的份数均为重量份，如无特殊说明。以下实施例同。
临床实验
治疗284例，其中男性154例，女性130例，最小年龄是15岁，最大年龄是61岁，其中上肢骨折95例，下肢骨折84例，躯干骨折105例，病人受伤就诊最长时间为15天，最短为2-3小时，大部分因闭合性骨折引起软组织挫伤，还有部分伴有骨髓炎症状。
临床症状为：局部疼痛，肿胀，功能障碍等；
药物组成见实施1中的喷雾剂；
治疗方法
骨折患者复位后，直接将喷雾剂外敷于损伤部位，加外固定，3-5天换药一次；辅以轻微的活动和煅炼；
治疗结果
疗效效果评定标准
显效：
经骨伤喷雾剂治疗一疗程（12天为一疗程），临床症状及体征基本消失，局部无明显压痛，能负重进行功能锻炼；
有效：骨伤喷雾剂治疗一疗程（12天为一疗程），临床症状及体征明显改善，局部疼痛肿胀明显减轻；
无效：骨伤喷雾剂治疗一疗程（12天为一疗程），临床症状及体征无明显改善，局部疼痛、肿胀无明显减轻，活动障碍。
治疗效果：
284例患者中包括闭合性骨折151例，软组织挫伤48例，脓肿25人，引发骨髓炎60人，经过治疗，效果如下：
显效为191例占67.2%，有效为83人，占29.2%，无效为10人占3.6%。
本发明的喷雾剂，涂抹时不影响骨折外固定，确为治疗闭合性骨折良方，在临床上有非常广的推广价值。
实施例2
取续断10-35份、骨碎补3-18份、黄芪2-12份、乳香2-7份、当归1-5份、三七2-6份、半夏1-4份、五加皮2-6份、白芥子4-10份、丹参2-8份、草果3-7份、附片1-6份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝2-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-4份、甘草1-5份、肉桂2-6份、金银花3-10份、白芷5-18份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，再加入红花提取物0.1份，加入鹿茸多肽0.01份，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
实施例3
取续断10-35份、骨碎补3-18份、黄芪2-12份、乳香2-7份、当归1-5份、三七2-6份、半夏1-4份、五加皮2-6份、白芥子4-10份、丹参2-8份、草果3-7份、附片1-6份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝2-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-4份、甘草1-5份、肉桂2-6份、金银花3-10份、白芷5-18份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，再加入红花提取物0.5份，加入鹿茸多肽0.5份，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断5-35份、骨碎补2-20份、黄芪1-15份、乳香2-8份、当归1-6份、三七2-8份、半夏1-5份、五加皮2-8份、白芥子4-12份、丹参2-9份、草果3-8份、附片1-8份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝1-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-5份、甘草1-6份、肉桂1-8份、金银花3-12、白芷5-20，加水浸泡8-15小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的6-8倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制40-60分钟，过滤，得药液；以上述的份数均为重量份数；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的部分原料药物重量份数如下：
续断10-35骨碎补3-18黄芪2-12
乳香2-7当归1-5三七2-6
半夏1-4五加皮2-6白芥子4-10
丹参2-8草果3-7附片1-6
姜黄2-7牛膝2-8桑寄生2-8
细辛1-4甘草1-5肉桂2-6
金银花3-10白芷5-18。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的各原料的重量份数如下：
续断30骨碎补12黄芪10
乳香5当归3三七5
半夏2五加皮3白芥子8
丹参4草果4附片4
姜黄5牛膝5桑寄生4
细辛3甘草4肉桂5
金银花8白芷10。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断10-35份、骨碎补3-18份、黄芪2-12份、乳香2-7份、当归1-5份、三七2-6份、半夏1-4份、五加皮2-6份、白芥子4-10份、丹参2-8份、草果3-7份、附片1-6份、姜黄2-7份、牛膝2-8份、桑寄生2-8份、细辛1-4份、甘草1-5份、肉桂2-6份、金银花3-10份、白芷5-18份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5-1/4的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，包括下述的步骤：
取续断30份、骨碎补12份、黄芪10份、乳香5份、当归3份、三七5份、半夏2份、五加皮3份、白芥子8份、丹参4份、草果4份、附片4份、姜黄5份、牛膝5份、桑寄生4份、细辛3份、甘草4份、肉桂5份、金银花8份、白芷10份，加水浸泡12小时，所加的水量为上述原料药物重量的7倍，浸泡后煮沸，煎制50分钟，过滤，得药液；
将上述的药液用250目筛过滤两次，再用300目筛过滤两次，收集药液，浓缩至原药液体积的1/3,加入占药液体积1/5的乙醇，即得治疗骨伤的喷雾剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述的喷雾剂中加入红花提取物0.1-0.5重量份。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述的喷雾剂中加入红花提取物0.3重量份。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗骨伤的喷雾剂的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述的喷雾剂中加入鹿茸多肽0.01-0.5重量份。
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