CN105393403B - For operating the technology of millimeter wqve radio mould phased array antenna in the block - Google Patents
For operating the technology of millimeter wqve radio mould phased array antenna in the block Download PDFInfo
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- CN105393403B CN105393403B CN201480038798.7A CN201480038798A CN105393403B CN 105393403 B CN105393403 B CN 105393403B CN 201480038798 A CN201480038798 A CN 201480038798A CN 105393403 B CN105393403 B CN 105393403B
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- radiating doublet
- phase
- gain
- feeding
- doublet
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2283—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles mounted in or on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a chip-type antenna or integrated with other components into an IC package
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
- H01Q21/0093—Monolithic arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
- H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
Abstract
Provide the method and apparatus for operating multiple radiating doublets.On the one hand, this method includes measuring phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet；Based on corresponding radiating doublet measure phase and measure gain come determine the feeding gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet with feeding phase；And each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet is provided independently from feeding phase based on identified feeding gain.
Description
Cross reference to related applications
The equity of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/843,741 submitted this application claims on July 8th, 2013.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to mm wave RF (RF) system, and more particularly to such radio module in for allowing height
Imitate the operation for the phased array antenna that signal is propagated.
Background
60GHz frequency bands are the unlicensed frequency bands characterized by big amount of bandwidth and the big whole world are overlapping.Big bandwidth means very
A large amount of information can be transmitted wirelessly.As a result, respectively multiple applications of requirement transmission mass data can be developed to allow to enclose
Wireless communication around 60GHz frequency bands.The example of such application includes but not limited to：WirelessHD TV (HDTV), wireless depressed place
It stands, wireless Gigabit Ethernet and many other applications.
In order to facilitate such application, need to develop the integrated circuit (IC) operated in 60GHz frequency ranges, such as amplify
Device, frequency mixer, radio frequency (RF) analog circuit and active antenna.RF systems generally include active and passive module.Active module embedded therein
(for example, phased array antenna) needs that signal and power signal is controlled to carry out its operation, and these signals are passive module (examples
Such as, wave filter) institute it is unwanted.Various modules are manufactured and are encapsulated as RF IC (RFIC), and RFIC can be assembled
On printed circuit board (PCB).The range of RFIC package sizes can be from several square millimeters to hundreds of square millimeter.
In consumer electronics market, design and the thus design to wherein integrated RF modules to electronic equipment
The constraint of minimum cost, size, power consumption and weight should be met.The design of RF modules should also be considered electronic equipment and especially
It is the current assembling configuration of handheld device (such as on knee and tablet computer), enables to realize the height of millimeter-wave signal
Effect transmission and reception.In addition, the minimum power that the design of RF modules should be counted and be received and transmit RF signals is lost and counts
And maximum wireless electricity covering.
The schematic diagram of the RF modules 100 of transmission and the reception designed for millimeter-wave signal is shown in Fig. 1.RF modules
100 include being connected to RF circuit systems or active antenna (110-1 to 110-N) array of IC 120.Active antenna 110-1 is arrived
Each antenna in 110-N can be used as transmitting (TX) and/or receive (RX) antenna to operate.Active antenna can be controlled to
Radio signal is received/emitted in particular directions to perform beam forming and be switched to emission mode from reception pattern.Example
Such as, active antenna can be phased array antenna, wherein each radiating doublet can be by individually and independently control so that energy
Enough use beam forming technique.
In emission mode, RF circuit systems 120 generally using frequency mixer (not shown in FIG. 1) come perform up-conversion with
Intermediate frequency (IF) signal is converted into radio frequency (RF) signal.Then, RF circuit systems 120 are sent out according to control signal by TX antennas
Penetrate RF signals.In a receive mode, RF circuit systems 120 are received RF signals by active RX antennas and are held using frequency mixer
It exercises and uses down coversion of local oscillator (LO) signal to IF signals, and IF signals are sent to baseband module (not shown in FIG. 1).
In receiving and transmitting mode the two, the operation of RF circuit systems 120 is controlled by baseband module using control signal
System.The control signal be used for such as gain control, RX/TX switching, power level control, beam steering operation and etc.
Function.In particular configurations, baseband module also generates LO signals and power signal, and such signal is transmitted to RF circuits system
System 120.These power signals are to the DC voltage signal of the various assemblies power supply of RF circuit systems 120.Under normal circumstances, IF believes
It number is also transmitted between baseband module and RF circuit systems 120.
In general design technology, active antenna (110-1 to 110-N) array is implemented in thereon also equipped with RF circuits
On the substrate of the IC of system.IC is manufactured on multiple field substrate and the metal throuth hole connected between the layers.Multiple field substrate
Can be the combination of metal and dielectric layer and can be by being such as laminated (for example, FR4 glass epoxy resins, bismaleimide
Triazine), ceramic (for example, low-temperature co-fired ceramics LTCC), polymer (for example, polyimides), based on PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE))
Composition (such as PTFE/ ceramics, PTFE/ woven fiberglass) and Woven glass reinforcing material (for example, Woven glass
Strengthen resin), wafer-class encapsulation and other encapsulation, technology and materials are made.The cost of multiple field substrate is the area of layer
Function；The area of layer is bigger, and the cost of substrate is higher.
The antenna oscillator of active antenna (110-1 to 110-N) array in multiple field substrate generally by having metal figure
Case is realized.Each antenna oscillator can utilize several substrate layers.In the conventional realization for millimetre-wave attenuator, antenna shakes
Son is designed to occupy the unilateral side of multilager base plate side.It is in order to which aerial radiation is allowed correctly to be propagated to perform in this way.
In the conventional design of RF systems, active antenna 110-1 to 110-N is phased array.Phased array antenna provide by
The wave beam of many antenna oscillators focuses on ability in the direction indicated.That is, phased array antenna is as they are individual antenna
Action.
Connection between phased array antenna oscillator is usually unified into list by using by the feeding from all antenna oscillators
The adder components of a feeding perform.The adder components can work along the various positions of feeding.From base band to
The feed path (in this way, frequency along the signal of the feed path) of RF modules can be changed to RF frequency from IF.
The conventional of phased array realizes the array for generally comprising same antenna oscillator.Each antenna oscillator is independently by adjustable
The control of control is saved, this, which is adjustably controlled, adjusts the feeding of the antenna oscillator mutually to coordinate with remaining antenna oscillator.Therefore, it is overall
Wave beam is focused in particular directions or creates particular beam shape.
Because these antenna oscillator is identical, knows that this is adjustably controlled and independent phase is being fed with to each oscillator
It is optimal in the case of the control of position.
As shown in Figure 2, conventional phased array antenna (is hereafter individually known as shaking using identical oscillator 210-1 to 210-4
Son 210 is collectively referred to as oscillator 210).The direction that signal is propagated is for the roughly the same gain of each 210 output of oscillator, and oscillator
210 phase is different.
In very high frequency (for example, between 30GHz and 300GHz), conventional phased array antenna is to use and lower frequency
In identical principle realize.
The limitation that there is the antenna oscillator close to omnidirectional radiation pattern to have fundamentally is generated in very high frequency.This meaning
Each oscillator in conventional phased array antenna has the feature of narrow beam width.For example, with the paster antenna more than 4dBi
Oscillator may not focus on well with the ground dipole element more than 2dBi.With having for N number of identical oscillator
The conventional phased array antenna use of 10log (N)+5dBi gains can be configured to what is focused on well in the 5dBi oscillator figures of individual
Phased array carrys out result realization.
High frequency diffraction Bobbi low-frequency transmission introduces more losses.Therefore, the ability pair of efficient transmission in all directions
Design criteria is important for the aerial array operated in high frequency.The conventional design of phased array antenna is for example as a result,
As the millimeter-wave signal at 60GHz frequency bands transmission for be inefficiency.
Therefore it provides the technical solution for improving the operation of phased array antenna will be beneficial.
It summarizes
Several exemplary aspects of the disclosure are summarized as follows.This is summarized as helping reader and being provided, so as to provide to this
Basic comprehension in terms of class and the range for not exclusively limiting the disclosure.This summarizes the detailed comprehensive of the not all aspect contemplated
It lookes at, and is both not intended to identify that critical or decisive element in all aspects is also non-to be attempted in terms of defining any or all
Range.Its unique purpose be to provide in simplified form some concepts of one or more aspects using as it is given later more
Add the sequence of detailed description.For convenience's sake, term " some aspects " can be used to refer to the single aspect of the disclosure herein
Or many aspects.
The disclosure is related to the method for operating multiple radiating doublets in various aspects.In some implementations, this method packet
Include the phase for measuring each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet and gain；Based on corresponding radiating doublet measure phase and
Gain is measured to determine the feeding gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet and feeding phase；And based on really
Fixed feeding gain is provided independently from each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet with feeding phase.
The disclosure is further to the various aspects for the device for being disposed for communication.The device includes multiple radiation and shakes
Son；And it is configured to perform the processing system operated below：Measure the phase of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet
And gain；Measuring phase and gain and determine each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet based on corresponding radiating doublet
Feed gain and feeding phase；And it is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase to be provided independently from multiple radiation
The feeding gain of each radiating doublet in son and feeding phase.
The various aspects of the disclosure additionally provide the equipment for operating multiple radiating doublets.The equipment includes measuring
The phase of each radiating doublet and the device of gain in multiple radiating doublet；For measuring phase based on corresponding radiating doublet
The device that position determines the feeding gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet and feed phase with gain is measured；With
And for being shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase come each radiation being provided independently from multiple radiating doublet
The device of son.
The various aspects of the disclosure further provide a kind of access terminal, including multiple radiating doublets；Processing system,
It is configured to：Measure phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet；Survey based on corresponding radiating doublet
It obtains phase and measures gain to determine the feeding gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet and feeding phase；For
Identified feeding gain is provided independently from each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet with feeding phase；And transmitting
Machine is configured to emit signal via set radiating doublet.
The various aspects of the disclosure further provide a kind of computer program product including computer-readable medium.It should
Computer-readable medium include instruction, can perform with：Measure phase and the increasing of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublets
Benefit；Measuring phase and measuring gain and determine each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet based on corresponding radiating doublet
Feed gain and feeding phase；And it is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase to be provided independently from multiple radiation
Each radiating doublet in son.
Brief description
Body matter disclosed herein is highlighted simultaneously special in claims at the end of specification
Ground is claimed.The aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of aspects disclosed herein will from below in conjunction with
Attached drawing is apparent from the detailed description that understands.
Fig. 1 is the diagram for explaining the RF modules with active antenna array.
Fig. 2 is the diagram that the signal in the conventional realization for explain phased array antenna is propagated.
Fig. 3 is the diagram for explaining the radiation diagram according to the RFIC constructed by one side.
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional view of the RFIC for the arrangement for explaining the aerial array according to one side.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram for the phased array antenna for describing various disclosed aspects.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart utilized for explaining the adjustable feeding gain to non-equal element according to one aspect.
Detailed description
Various aspects of the disclosure is described below.It should be apparent that teaching herein can use various forms
To embody, and any specific structure disclosed herein, function or both are only representative.Based on teaching herein, sheet
Field technology personnel should be appreciated that aspect disclosed herein can independently of any other aspect come realize and these aspect in
Two or more can be combined in various manners.It is, for example, possible to use any number of the aspects set forth herein is come
Realization device puts into practice method.In addition, the other structures of usable supplement or replacement one or more aspects described herein,
Function or structure and function realize such device or put into practice such method.In addition, any aspect disclosed herein can be by
The one or more member of claim is usually realized.
As an above example, in some respects, the method for operating phased array antenna can include measuring the phase
Phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublets of array antenna are controlled, phase is measured based on corresponding radiating doublet
The feeding gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet of the phased array antenna and feeding phase are determined with gain,
And it is provided independently from the feeding gain of each radiating doublet and feeding phase in multiple radiating doublet of the phased array antenna
Position.In addition, in some respects, each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublet in phased array antenna is different.
Disclosed aspect is many possible beneficial to using the example with realization of innovative teachings presented herein.
In general, the statement gone out done in present specification may not limit any various disclosed aspects.In addition, some statements can be with
It is applied to certain creative features but is not applied other features.In general, unless otherwise specified, singular elements can be
Plural number (and vice versa) and without loss of generality.In the accompanying drawings, similar reference numeral indicates similar through several views
Part.
Proposed aspect avoids to operate phased array day by controlling the non-equal antenna oscillator of aerial array
The shortcomings that prior art solution of line.This kind of aspect passes through further customized application to the direction of each independent oscillator and work(
Rate allows the efficient performance of basic unequal array.
According to various aspects disclosed herein, the non-equal antenna oscillator of aerial array is operated independently to carry
For having the good covering in all directions of various polarizations.Disclosed technology can be in the RF with active antenna array
It is utilized in module, which includes multiple subarrays.
Fig. 3 is in the radiation diagram for semantically illustrating the RF modules 300 in terms of being utilized to perform disclosed.RF moulds
Block 300 at least encapsulates six sub-array antennas (not being labeled in figure 3), RF circuit systems (for example, the shape with integrated circuit
Formula) 320 and discrete electronic component 330, all these components manufactured on the multiple field substrate 310 of RF modules 300.Shape
Sub-array antenna into the active antenna array of module 300 be designed to receive and emit from four sides 301 of RF modules 300,
302nd, 303 and 304 millimeter-wave signal propagated.In addition, signal can pass through the upper surface 305 of RF modules 300 to upwardly propagate, with
And it is propagated downwards across the bottom surface 306 of RF modules 300.
In one configuration, RF modules 300 are mounted in the electronic device to provide the Millimeter Wave Applications of 60GHz.It is such
The example of application includes but not limited to wireless docking station, wireless video transmission, the wireless connectivity for going to storage facility and similar
Using etc..Electronic equipment may include such as smart phone, mobile phone, tablet computer, access point, access terminal, access net
Pass, electronics sell pavilion, laptop computer and similar electronic equipment etc. automatically.
According to a realization, each oscillator in each sub-array antenna 310 can be independently by RF circuit systems 320
Control.It is such control be performed to provide as being discussed in detail further below with various polarizations in all directions
Good covering.As a result, signal can by this six sub-array antennas in RF modules 300 appoint be combined conjunction be received and/or
Transmitting.So as to which such signal can be combined in any direction and is received.For example, it is desired in both the upper strata of substrate 310 and bottom
Sub-array antenna come allow by upwards in downward direction signal receive and transmitting, etc..It such as will be discussed below
, each radiating doublet in any sub-array antenna can be independently controlled be further improved in optimization module 300
Aerial array.It should be noted that each sub-array antenna is configured to emit and receive millimeter-wave signal.On the one hand, each
Sub-array antenna is configured in 60GHz band transmissions and receives radio signal.
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional view of the RFIC modules 300 for the arrangement for explaining the aerial array according to one side.Such as Fig. 4
Middle explained, the multiple field substrate 310 of RF modules 300 includes six 421,422,423,434,425 and of sub-array antenna
426, it the active antenna array including the module and is implemented on the different layers of multiple field substrate 310.Exemplary multilayer formula
Substrate 310 includes 8 layer 411 to 418.Each such layer includes dielectric, metal and semi-conducting material being attached to each other
Layer.
Specifically, sub-array antenna 421 be implemented (for example, printing or manufacture) the front layer 411 of substrate 310 and with to
It is radiated on upper direction (305).Sub-array antenna 422 is implemented on the rear layer 416 of substrate 310 and in downward direction (306)
Upper radiation.Sub-array antenna 423,424,425 and 426 is implemented in any middle layer 412,413,414 and 415 of substrate 410
In.
On the one hand, each sub-array antenna 423,424,425 and 426 is implemented in middle layer 412,413,414 and 415
Different layers at.On the other hand, two or more sub-array antennas 423,424,425 and 426 can share middle layer 412,
413rd, the identical layer in 414 and 415.In an example configuration, sub-array antenna 423,424,425 and 426 passes through RF respectively
The side 301,302,303 and 304 of module 300 radiates.
In Fig. 4 in shown semantic diagram, layer 417 and 418 is the ground plane of RF modules 300.On the one hand, Suo Youtian
Line subarray shares ground plane 417 and 418.To ground plane it is this it is shared allow RF modules 300 maintain compact stacking and
Shortening vertical signal is route, and thereby reduces the loss of signal by various aerial arrays.
Each sub-array antenna 421,422,423,424,425 and 426 can be active antenna, such as phased array antenna,
Wherein each radiating doublet can be independently controlled to make it possible for beam forming technique.In addition, active antenna can be with
It is phased array antenna, wherein each radiating doublet can enable to use beam forming skill by individually and independently control
Art.At a specific aspect, each sub-array antenna 421,422,423,424,425 and 426 can be utilized in 60GHz frequencies
It is received in band and emits millimeter-wave signal.As will be in following be described in detail, " side " sub-array antenna 423,424,
425 and 426 radiating doublet is generally different with 422 radiating doublet from the sub-array antenna 421 of front layer and back layer (411,416)
Ground constructs.
As depicted in figure 4, RF circuit systems (RFIC) 440 and discrete electronic component 450 can also be in multiple fields
It is realized on substrate 310.RF circuit systems 440 generally perform up-conversion with by intermediate frequency using frequency mixer (not shown in FIG. 1)
(IF) signal is converted into radio frequency (RF) signal.Then, RF circuit systems 440 are sent out according to the control of control signal by TX antennas
Penetrate RF signals.
In a receive mode, RF circuit systems 440 are received RF signals by active RX antennas and are held using frequency mixer
It exercises and uses down coversion of local oscillator (LO) signal to IF signals, and IF signals are sent to baseband module.In addition, according to a side
Face, RF circuit systems 440 can control sub-array antenna 421,422,423,424,425 and 426 independently of one another.This independence
Control allows to reach the optimal covering on higher antenna diversity and specific direction.
As non-limiting example, RF circuit systems 440 can open sub-array antenna 421 and simultaneously close off other antennas
Array and/or open side aerial array, etc..It should be noted that other than independently controlling each sub-array antenna, Mei Getian
Radiating doublet in line subarray can be also independently controlled.RF circuit systems 440 also control the phase per antenna to establish
The beam forming operation of phased array antenna.
Discrete electronic component 450 includes component described above.On the one hand, 440 component 450 of RF circuit systems is sealed
Inside the metal skirt (not shown) of RF modules 300.The metal skirt depends on front layer 411, so as to RF circuit systems 440
Component 450 is also mounted on front layer.It will be appreciated that sub-array antenna 421-426 is arranged such that the number of antenna can be most
Bigization, and so that the area that the size of millimeter wave RF active antenna in the block is maximized without increasing RF modules.As a result,
In terms of characterized by such arrangement, the area of RF modules can be kept minimum limit although the number of antenna increases.
Fig. 5 is the diagram for the phased array antenna 500 for describing various disclosed aspects.On the one hand, antenna 500 can
To be any sub-array antenna 421-426 discussed above herein for Fig. 4.On the other hand, antenna 500 can include
One or more of this six subarrays, the thereby active antenna array as RF modules.
Phased array antenna 500 includes several (N number of) radiating doublet 510-1 to 510-N, and each antenna oscillator is designed to example
It is received such as on 60GHz frequency bands and emits mm wave signals.It should be noted that formed the different subarray 421-426 of antenna 500,
And radiating doublet 510-1 to 510-N can be constructed using different types of antenna oscillator.For example, first group of radiating doublet
Can be dipole, and second group of radiating doublet can be Yagi spark gap (Yagi-Uda) antenna.
In a receive direction, each radiating doublet 510-1 to 510-N be connected respectively to LNA 520-1 to 520-N (under
LNA 520 is collectively referred to as in text or is individually known as low-noise amplifier (LNA) 520, this is intended merely to simplify without to institute
Disclosed aspect, which is formed, to be limited) and phase shifter 525-1 to 525-N (be hereinafter collectively referred to as phase shifter 525 or individually claim
For phase shifter 525, this is intended merely to simplify and be limited without being formed to disclosed aspect), and be further connected to and will connect
The adder components 550 that the signal received adds up.
In a transmit direction, each radiating doublet in radiating doublet 510-1 to 510-N is respectively connected to power amplification
Device (PA) 540-1 to 540-N (it is hereinafter collectively referred to as power amplifier 540 or is individually known as power amplifier 540,
This is intended merely to simplify and be limited without being formed to disclosed aspect) and it is connected to phase shifter 545-1 to 545-N (hereinafter
It is collectively referred to as phase shifter 545 or is individually known as phase shifter 545), and be further connected to incoming RF signals point
It is dealt into the distributor 560 of all radiating doublets.
According to disclosed aspect, the phase theta i of each phase shifter 525 or 545 is a during the reception or transmission of signal
Body or independently control.In addition, the gain A i of each LNA 520 or PA 540 is only during the reception or transmission of signal
Site control.As a result, according to disclosed aspect, the gain fed to the signal of all oscillators and phase (Ai；θ i, i=1 ...,
N it) is individually controlled, thereby optimizes performance of the phased array antenna 500 on all directions and all polarizations.
On the one hand, controllable components (that is, amplifier 520 and 540 and phase shifter 525 and 545) are subject to processing system 570 and control
System.Processing system 570 is configured to feeding gain by adjusting oscillator 510 and phase to operate antenna 500.For by gain
With phase (Ai；θ i) as direction and polarization function come the various aspects controlled and other depend on realize aspects under
Reference chart 6 is discussed in more detail in text.
Processing system 570 may include the larger process system realized with one or more processors or can be its group
Part.The one or more processor can be compiled with general purpose microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), scene
It is journey gate array (FPGA), programmable logic device (PLD), controller, state machine, gate logic, discrete hardware components, special hard
Part finite state machine can carry out any combinations of information execution calculation or other any other suitable entities manipulated real
It is existing.
Processing system 570 may also include the machine readable media for storing software.Software should be broadly interpreted to
Mean any kind of instruction, no matter its be referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other.
Instruction may include code (for example, in source code format, binary code form, executable code format or any other is suitable
Code format).It is described herein various that these instructions perform processing system when being performed by the one or more processors
Function.
On the one hand, processing system 570 can be integrated in RF circuit systems (for example, RF circuit systems 440, Fig. 4).
On the other hand, processing system 570 can be a part for baseband module (not shown).
In particular aspects, radiating doublet 510-1 to 510-N is based on balanced type feed antenna, such as dipole antenna
Or yagi aerial.Generally, balanced type feed antenna is coupled to " balanced-to-unblanced transformer " element, from what is emitted
Input signal generates balanced type (difference) signal.It is reciprocity to receive operation, i.e. antenna generation balanced type signal, via balance
Single channel is combined into imbalance conversion.
According to disclosed aspect, phase shifter 525 and 545 can be configured to perform balanced-to-unblanced transformer function.
That is, phase shifter 525 and 545 can be by setting 180 degree phase between two feedings (not shown in FIG. 5) of antenna oscillator
Difference come be configured to generation balanced type differential signal.Specifically, when requiring balanced-to-unblanced transformer function, the first feedback
The phase feeding sent is configured to θ i and the feeding of the phase of another feeding is configured to θ i+180 °.It will be appreciated that in this aspect,
It is not necessary to using explicit balanced-to-unblanced transformer as a part for RF module designs.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart 600 for being used to operate the method for phased array antenna 500 explained according to one aspect.This method tune
Feeding gain and the phase of non-equal and unbalanced radiating doublet are saved.
In S610, gain G i and phase the Φ i of each radiating doublet 510 are measured.On the one hand, the measurement is in beam forming
It is performed during process.In order to measure gain G i and phase Φ i, transmitter to want controlled phased array antenna (for example,
Antenna 500) receiver persistently emit (repetitive sequence) signal.Gain G i and phase Φ i can be as the another of communication link
The function of the physical direction D of side and polarization is measured.Physical direction D and polarization because of the movement in transmitter or receiver and
It rotates and changes.
Receiver opens a radiating doublet (for example, oscillator 510-1) and closes other radiating doublets (for example, oscillator
510-2 to 510-N).The operation is performed for each radiating doublet.For each oscillator of unlatching, receiver measurement receives signal
Phase and amplitude.Measure gain G i and phase the Φ i that information is used as corresponding oscillator.On the one hand, all oscillators measure increasing
Beneficial Gi and phase Φ i are saved in controller 570.In addition, these measurements can also be sent to transmitter.
For measuring the IEEE that the example process of gain G i and phase Φ i are also ratified and published on May 20th, 2010
It is discussed in the PHY/MAC specifications of 802.11ad standards (also referred to as WiGi).On the one hand, gain G i and phase Φ i are utilized
The feeding of corresponding oscillator is controlled during the reception or transmission in signal.
In S620, two configurable parameters α and β have been selected.Parameter alpha and β be used to calculate feeding gain and phase Ai and θ
I, it is proportional to the antenna gain Gi and phase Φ i measured.On the one hand, the value of α and β is randomly selected.In the opposing party
The value of face, α and β are determined so as to make phase quantization and minimize the error.Generally, its of the accuracy of beam steering and radiation diagram
The phase that his attribute depends on radiating doublet is fed.Phase quantization error affects phase feeding, and reduces error permission
Improved antenna performance.
On the one hand, α and β value are configured to the range of pre-configured value, and phase quantization error is measured.Selection provides
The α of minimum degree error and the setting of β value.
In S630, the feeding gain of each radiating doublet and phase (Ai；θ i, i=1 ..., N) based on these parameters and
The antenna gain and phase (Gi measured；Φ i, i=1 .., N) it is individually determined.On the one hand, using configurable parameter α
Feeding gain and phase are determined with β.
On the one hand, individual oscillator feeding gain and phase value Ai；θ i can be determined that feeding gain with array and
Phase is proportional.On the one hand, the optimal value of array feeding gain A i and phase theta i can be determined that the function in direction.This is really
Surely can be by using predetermined equation, such as formula 1 and 2 etc is completed, as shown below：
Ai=∝ Gi formulas 1
θ i=- φ i+ β formulas 2
Gi, Φ i, α and β are as defined above.
The maximum power in transmitter is provided using formula 1 and 2 illustrated above come the feeding gain calculated and phase to imitate
Optimal appointment in minimal noise meaning at rate and receiver.On the one hand, phase can be by being seen with lower inequality
It examines：
Formula 3
As θ i=- φ i+ β, formula 3 reaches equal.
The another aspect of the value of setting Ai and θ i can be determined using following formula：
Formula 4
If Ai=∝ Gi, formula 4 reach equal.On the one hand, use formula 3 or formula 4 that array gain is set to cause secondary lobe
It minimizes.On the other hand, the secondary lobe of radiating doublet can be minimized for example, by non-convex optimization algorithm.Such algorithm energy
Enough gains caused on required direction maximize, and to minimize on other directions or other specific directions return to zero.
The operation of non-convex optimization and similar algorithm is effective because these radiating doublets (510) are different, and thus they
Corresponding gain G i values are different.In addition, feeding gain A i is independently controlled.
On the other hand, the value of feeding gain A i and phase theta i can be determined that as far as possible closest to optimal value
Value.Can be determined based on following formula θ i as far as possible closest to optimal value：
Formula 5
Can based on following formula come determine Ai as far as possible closest to optimal value：
Formula 6
On the one hand, either exhaustive search can be used to solve for formula 5, formula 6 or the two to Monte-Carlo methods.
In this aspect, if the control realized is inefficiency or can not additionally reach feeding gain A i and phase
The optimal value of position θ i, then feeding the value of gain A i and phase theta i can be determined to be as far as possible closest to the value of optimal value.This is not
Optimal value, which can be reached, to be occurred due to for example controlling gain mismatch in quantization, amplifier architecture, chain etc..
On the other hand, in order to save power, one or more complete chain in array can be closed.Preferably,
The chain of such closing is the chain for having lowest gain value Gi.Close with compared with low gain specific chain allow save power and simultaneously
It is minimum degree to make performance degradation.At such aspect, in S640, determine which chain or which chain will be closed.It will be closed
The chain closed can by the chain of predetermined number of the (but not limited to) with lowest gain value Gi, with the overall gain value below threshold value
Any number of chain etc. determine.
On the other hand, any or all oscillators feeding gain A i can pass through the arbitrary shape for changing changed oscillator
Gain constant α is changed.The modification can occur for example, by the amplification for the gain for changing oscillator.At such aspect, reduce
Parameter alpha will reduce the power consumption in array, because all amplifiers tend to consume less power for relatively low yield value.
In S650, the gain of each oscillator in array and phase are feeding yield value Ai and phase based on each oscillator
Place value θ i and be set independently.It should be noted that at all of above aspect, when should realize balanced-to-unblanced transformer work(
During energy, the feeding of one of antenna is configured to θ i, and another is configured to θ i+180 °.
It is many beneficial to the example used of innovative teachings herein to be important to note that these aspects.Specifically
Ground, innovative teachings disclosed herein, which can be adapted to needs reception and transmit any kind of of millimeter-wave signal, to disappear
In the person's of expense electronic equipment.In addition, some statements can be applied to certain creative features but be not applied other features.It is logical
Often, unless otherwise specified, it will be understood that single element can be plural (and vice versa) and without loss of generality.
In addition, any suitable device can be used to realize for the represented various assemblies described and function herein.Such dress
It puts and is realized at least partly using corresponding construction as taught herein.For example, the group described above in association with processing system 570
" device being used for ... " that part corresponds to similar name is functional.Therefore, in some implementations, one in such device or
Multiple devices are come using one or more of processor module, integrated circuit or other suitable constructions as taught herein
It realizes.
In some implementations, such as transceiver or the communication apparatus construction of RF modules be configured to implement for receive and
Emit the functionality of the device of any signal (such as millimeter-wave signal).For example, in some implementations, the structure be programmed or
It is designed to receive and process any signal received as the result for receiving operation.In addition, in some implementations, the structure quilt
It programs or is designed to handle and emit any signal emitted as the result of transmitting operation.Generally, communication apparatus construction
Including based on wireless receiver equipment thereof.
In some implementations, processing system structure (such as ASIC or programmable processor) is configured to implement to measure
The gain of each radiating doublet and the functionality of the device of phase.In some implementations, which is further programmed or sets
It counts into and determines to measure gain and phase accordingly based on each radiating doublet to determine the feeding gain of each radiating doublet and phase
Position.In some implementations, the structure be further programmed or be designed to be provided independently from each radiating doublet feeding gain and
Phase.
The step of method or algorithm for being described with reference to various aspects disclosed herein, can be embodied directly in hardware, in by handling
Implement in the software module that device performs or in combination of the two.Software module (e.g., including executable instruction and related
Data) and other data can reside in memory, such as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, eprom memory,
Eeprom memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM or any other form known in the art computer
Readable storage medium storing program for executing.Example storage medium can be coupled to for example computer/processor and (for simplicity, herein may be used
Referred to as " processor ") etc. machines so that the processor can be from/to the storage medium reading writing information (code).Example storage is situated between
Matter can be integrated into processor.Pocessor and storage media can reside in ASIC.ASIC can reside in user equipment.It replaces
Ground, pocessor and storage media can be resided in as discrete assembly in user equipment.In addition, in some respects, it is any suitable
Computer program product may include computer-readable medium, which includes executable (for example, can be by least one
Platform computer performs) with the offer functional code related with the one or more aspects of the disclosure.In some respects, it calculates
Machine program product may include encapsulating material.Further, non-transient computer-readable media is other than transient propagation signal
Any computer-readable medium.
In one or more illustrative aspects, described function can be real in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof
It is existing.If realized in software, each function can be used as one or more instruction or code to be stored in computer-readable medium
Above or by it is transmitted.Computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication medias, is calculated including facilitating
Any medium that machine program shifts from one place to another.Computer-readable medium can be that can be accessed by computer any can
Use medium.Non-limiting as example, such computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other light
Disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage apparatus can be used for carrying or store instruction or the expectation journey of data structure form
Sequence code and any other medium that can be accessed by a computer.Any connection is also properly termed a computer-readable medium.Example
Such as, if software be using coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, twisted-pair feeder, digital subscriber line (DSL) or such as infrared, radio,
And the wireless technology of microwave etc is transmitted from web site, server or other remote sources, then the coaxial cable, optical fiber
The wireless technology of cable, twisted-pair feeder, DSL or such as infrared, radio and microwave etc is just included in the definition of medium
Among.Disk (disk) and dish (disc) as used herein include compression dish (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc
(DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc, which disk (disk) are often reproduced magnetically data, and dish (disc) with laser with optics
Mode reproduce data.Therefore, in some respects, computer-readable medium may include non-transient computer-readable media (for example, having
Shape medium, computer readable storage medium, computer readable storage devices etc.).Such non-transient computer-readable media (example
Such as, computer readable storage devices) it may include described herein or otherwise known any tangible form medium (example
Such as, memory devices, dielectric disc etc.).In addition, in some respects, computer-readable medium may include readable Jie of transient computer
Matter (e.g., including signal).Combinations of the above should be also included in the range of computer-readable medium.It will be appreciated that meter
Calculation machine readable medium can be realized in any suitable computer program product.Although specific aspects are described herein, but this
The various variants and displacement of a little aspects is fallen within the scope of the disclosure.
Furthermore, it is to be understood that the name such as the first feeding used herein, second feeding to any citation of element usually simultaneously
The quantity or order of those elements are not limited.On the contrary, these names are typically used as distinguishing two or more elements herein
Or the convenient method of element instance.Therefore, the citation of the first element and second element is not meant to can be used here only
Two elements or the first element must be located at before second element in some way.Equally, unless stated otherwise, otherwise element
Set includes one or more elements.In addition, " at least one of A, B or C " for being used in specification or claim or
" one or more of A, B or C " or " at least one of group including A, B and C " or " at least one of A, B and C "
The term of form represents " A or any combinations of B or C or these elements." for example, this term can include A or B or C,
Or A and B or A and C or A and B and C or 2A or 2B or 2C, etc..
Although some benefits and advantage, the scope of the present disclosure for referring to preferred aspect are not intended to be limited to specific
Benefit, purposes or target.Specifically, all aspects of this disclosure are intended to broadly applied to different wireless technologys, system match
It puts, network and transport protocol, some of them are explained as example in attached drawing and this description.
It is in order to enable any person skilled in the art all can make or make to the description of disclosed aspect to provide above
Use the disclosure.Various modifications in terms of these will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and herein
The generic principles of definition can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.As a result, the disclosure be not intended to by
Various aspects shown herein are defined in, but should be awarded consistent with principle disclosed herein and novel features most wide
Range.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of method of multiple radiating doublets for operating device, including：
The multiple radiating doublet is arranged to antenna in preceding sub-array antenna, aft antenna subarray and one or more
Array；
Signal is received from another device；
Phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet are measured based on the signal；
It is shaken based on each radiation for measuring phase and measuring gain to determine in the multiple radiating doublet of corresponding radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase；And
It is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase come each radiation being provided independently from the multiple radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet has not
Same characteristic.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gain of each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet
It is to be measured as another device relative to the physical direction of described device and the polarized function of the signal with phase
's.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each feeding gain to it is described to measure gain proportional, and
Each feeding phase has the polarity for measuring opposite in phase to each corresponding radiating doublet.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to determine to include：
Feeding gain A i is arranged to Ai=∝ * Gi, and feeding phase theta i is arranged to θ i=- Φ i+ β, wherein ∝ and β to be
Configurable parameter, and Gi and Φ i are measuring gain and measuring phase for the corresponding radiating doublet respectively.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that further comprise：
Randomly choose the value of the configurable parameter.
7. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that further comprise：
It is selected based on the transmission with radio signal or the associated quantization error of the reception of radio signal described configurable
The value of parameter.
8. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet includes the first and second feedings, and
And it wherein described determines to include：
Phase difference between first and second described feeding is arranged to 180 degree.
9. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet is sent out in 60GHz or higher frequency band
Penetrate and receive signal.
10. a kind of device for communication, including：
Multiple radiating doublets, the multiple radiating doublet is configured to receive signal from another device, wherein the multiple radiation
Oscillator is arranged to sub-array antenna in preceding sub-array antenna, aft antenna subarray and one or more；And
Processing system is configured to：
Phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet are measured based on the signal；
Measuring phase and gain and determine each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet based on corresponding radiating doublet
Feed gain and feeding phase；And
It is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase come each radiation being provided independently from the multiple radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase.
11. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet has
Different characteristics.
12. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the increasing of each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet
Benefit and phase are relative to the physical direction of described device and the polarized function degree of coming of the signal as another device
Amount.
13. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that each feeding gain to it is described to measure gain proportional, and
And each feeding phase has the polarity for measuring opposite in phase to each corresponding radiating doublet.
14. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that processing system is further configured to the feeding gain
Ai is arranged to Ai=α * Gi, and it is configurable parameter that the feeding phase theta i is arranged to θ i=- Φ i+ β, wherein α and β, and
And Gi and Φ i are that the described of the corresponding radiating doublet measures gain and described measure phase respectively.
15. device as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that the processing system is further configured to random selection institute
State the value of configurable parameter.
16. device as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that the processing system be further configured to be based on it is wireless
The transmission of electric signal receives associated quantization error to select the value of the configurable parameter.
17. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet includes the first and second feedings,
And wherein described processing system is further configured to the phase difference between first and second described feeding being arranged to 180
Degree.
18. device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that each radiating doublet is in 60GHz or higher frequency band
Transmitting and reception signal.
19. a kind of computer-readable medium, the computer-readable medium has and can be performed by device for following operation
Instruction：
Phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in multiple radiating doublets are measured, wherein the multiple radiating doublet is arranged to
Sub-array antenna in preceding sub-array antenna, aft antenna subarray and one or more；
It is shaken based on each radiation for measuring phase and measuring gain to determine in the multiple radiating doublet of corresponding radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase；And
It is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase come each radiation being provided independently from the multiple radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase.
20. a kind of equipment for operating multiple radiating doublets, including：
For measuring the phase of each radiating doublet and the device of gain in the multiple radiating doublet, wherein the multiple spoke
It penetrates oscillator and is arranged to sub-array antenna in preceding sub-array antenna, aft antenna subarray and one or more；
For measuring phase and measuring gain and determine each spoke in the multiple radiating doublet based on corresponding radiating doublet
It penetrates the feeding gain of oscillator and feeds the device of phase；And
For being provided independently from each spoke in the multiple radiating doublet based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase
It penetrates the feeding gain of oscillator and feeds the device of phase.
21. a kind of access terminal, including：
Multiple radiating doublets, wherein the multiple radiating doublet is arranged to preceding sub-array antenna, aft antenna subarray, Yi Jiyi
A or multiple middle sub-array antennas；
Processing system is configured to：
Measure phase and the gain of each radiating doublet in the multiple radiating doublet；
It is shaken based on each radiation for measuring phase and measuring gain to determine in the multiple radiating doublet of corresponding radiating doublet
The feeding gain industry feeding phase of son；And
It is shaken based on identified feeding gain and feeding phase come each radiation being provided independently from the multiple radiating doublet
The feeding gain of son and feeding phase；And
Transmitter is configured to emit signal via set radiating doublet.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361843741P | 2013-07-08 | 2013-07-08 | |
| US61/843,741 | 2013-07-08 | ||
| US14/325,346 | 2014-07-07 | ||
| US14/325,346 US20140320344A1 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2014-07-07 | Techniques for operating phased array antennas in millimeterwave radio modules |
| PCT/US2014/045699 WO2015006293A1 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | Techniques for operating phased array antennas in millimeter-wave radio modules |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105393403A CN105393403A (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| CN105393403B true CN105393403B (en) | 2018-06-26 |
Family
ID=52280510
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480038798.7A Expired - Fee Related CN105393403B (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | For operating the technology of millimeter wqve radio mould phased array antenna in the block |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3020091A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6580561B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105393403B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI652857B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015006293A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2018110083A1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-10-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Mobile station, mobile station RF front end module, and front end integrated circuit |
| US10581177B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2020-03-03 | Raytheon Company | High frequency polymer on metal radiator |
| US11088467B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2021-08-10 | Raytheon Company | Printed wiring board with radiator and feed circuit |
| US10541461B2 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-01-21 | Ratheon Company | Tile for an active electronically scanned array (AESA) |
| CN110447146A (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-11-12 | 英特尔公司 | Wireless communication technique, device and method |
| US10361485B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-07-23 | Raytheon Company | Tripole current loop radiating element with integrated circularly polarized feed |
| KR102410799B1 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2022-06-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Antenna system for transmitting and receiving mm-wave signal |
| US11024981B2 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-06-01 | Mediatek Inc. | Multi-band endfire antennas and arrays |
| US20190379427A1 (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Antenna element feed path component management for 5g-nr millimeter wave |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012074446A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method, antenna array, computer program and computer program product for obtaining at least one calibration parameter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2626514B2 (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1997-07-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Base station transceiver |
| US7830312B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2010-11-09 | Intel Corporation | Wireless antenna array system architecture and methods to achieve 3D beam coverage |
| US8618983B2 (en) * | 2009-09-13 | 2013-12-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Phased-array transceiver for millimeter-wave frequencies |
| WO2012125185A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Intel Corporation | Mm-wave phased array antenna with beam tilting radiation pattern |
-
2014
- 2014-07-08 EP EP14742708.2A patent/EP3020091A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-07-08 JP JP2016525413A patent/JP6580561B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-07-08 CN CN201480038798.7A patent/CN105393403B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-07-08 TW TW103123506A patent/TWI652857B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-07-08 WO PCT/US2014/045699 patent/WO2015006293A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012074446A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method, antenna array, computer program and computer program product for obtaining at least one calibration parameter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201508997A (en) | 2015-03-01 |
| WO2015006293A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| TWI652857B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| JP6580561B2 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
| JP2016528794A (en) | 2016-09-15 |
| EP3020091A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CN105393403A (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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