CN105388747B - A kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral - Google Patents
A kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral Download PDFInfo
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- CN105388747B CN105388747B CN201510885289.4A CN201510885289A CN105388747B CN 105388747 B CN105388747 B CN 105388747B CN 201510885289 A CN201510885289 A CN 201510885289A CN 105388747 B CN105388747 B CN 105388747B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral, including microcontroller, multi-channel d/a converter, temperature compensating crystal oscillator, frequency multiplier circuit, adder, voltage-controlled current source, Bias T, photoelectric switching circuit, high q-factor wave filter and phase-sensitive detection circuit；Whole circuit system works under the control of the micro-controller, and circuit structure is simple, and debugging is convenient；Circuit system shares a phase-sensitive detection circuit, and phase-sensitive detection circuit is multiplex circuit when atomic clock is locked, and the locking of laser frequency and microwave frequency can be realized by software design patterns, the volume and power consumption of circuit is reduced；High q-factor wave filter is added between photoelectric switching circuit and phase-sensitive detection circuit, the signal to noise ratio of circuit greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the CPT atomic clock control systems of atomic clock technical field, more particularly to a kind of digital integral.
Background technology
Based on Coherent Population Trapping imprison (Coherent Population Trapping, abbreviation CPT) phenomenon atomic clock by
In not needing microwave cavity, it is possible to achieve low-power consumption and miniaturization even chip design, are the hairs of current atom clock technical field
Exhibition trend.Compared with conventional atom clock, the features such as CPT atomic clocks have small volume, low in energy consumption, startup is fast can not only apply
In fields such as business communication networks, highly reliable Time Synchronization Network is obtained, moonlet/microsatellite platform, structure is applied also for
Into clock unit and the frequency temporal frequency source of payload, improve the time synchronized of satellite, time difference/frequency difference measurement, ranging, test the speed
With communication etc. ability.
CPT atomic clocks include physical part and electronic system, and wherein physical part uses MEMS (Micro-
Electro-Mechanical System, abbreviation MEMS) process technology can realize that volume is only several cubic centimetres even more small
Encapsulation, low-power consumption, small size, the electronic system of low noise are to realize high-performance CPT atoms clock low power consumption and miniaturized design
Need one of subject matter of solution.Conventional CPT atomic clock electronic systems are mostly using microcontroller or FPGA at present
As the Digital Analog Hybrid Circuits of control unit, control unit utilization rate is relatively low, is distinguished using the phase-sensitive detection circuit of two-way independence
The locking of microwave frequency and laser frequency is realized, the volume and power consumption of circuit is added.
The content of the invention
In view of this, to overcome the weak point of existing CPT atomic clocks electronic system, the invention provides a kind of numeral
The CPT atomic clock control systems of integration, reduce circuit system size, power consumption, improve the signal to noise ratio of circuit.
A kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral, including microcontroller (1), multi-channel d/a converter (2), temperature
Mend crystal oscillator (3), frequency multiplier circuit (4), adder (5), voltage-controlled current source (6), Bias-T (7), photoelectric switching circuit (8), high q-factor
Wave filter (9) and phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)；
The microcontroller (1) is used for the output frequency for controlling temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3)；
Control the Clock Multiplier Factor and output microwave power of frequency multiplier circuit (4)；
The channel central frequency of control high q-factor wave filter (9) switches between Laser Modulation frequency and microwave modulating frequency；
Square wave is referred to phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) output：It is switched to when by the channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9)
During laser modulation frequency, the frequency with reference to square wave is adjusted to backward phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) consistent with Laser Modulation frequency
Output；When the channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9) is switched into microwave modulating frequency, it will be adjusted with reference to the frequency of square wave
Save into backward phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) output consistent with microwave modulating frequency；
High q-factor wave filter (9) is logical from photoelectric switching circuit (8) receiving voltage modulated signal, and according to what is be currently switched
Road centre frequency is filtered noise reduction to the voltage modulation signal, and sends into phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)；
Modulated signal detection is converted into direct current signal by the phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) according to the reference square wave, as
Locking signal；
The microcontroller (1) receives the obtained locking signal corresponding to laser signal from phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)
When, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting value, control multichannel D/A turns
The DC bias signal of parallel operation output reduces；Conversely, increase DC bias signal；When receive obtain correspond to microwave signal
During locking signal, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting value, control temperature
The frequency for mending crystal oscillator output reduces；Conversely, increase temperature compensating crystal oscillator output frequency；Meanwhile, control multi-channel d/a converter output is with swashing
The consistent low frequency amplitude-modulated signal of light modulation frequency；
The frequency multiplier circuit (4) according to the Clock Multiplier Factor, output microwave power and from temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3) receive it is defeated
Go out frequency, export corresponding microwave signal；
The direct current biasing control signal that adder (5) exports multi-channel d/a converter (2) and the low frequency amplitude-modulated signal phase
Plus, deliver to voltage-controlled current source (6)；The signal of reception is converted to current signal by the voltage-controlled current source (6)；
The Bias-T (7) is by the direct current signal of microwave signal, laser bias direct current signal and low frequency amplitude-modulated signal
It is added, output to laser；
The laser produces the laser signal modulated by microwave signal；
The photoelectric switching circuit (8) is converted to laser signal with laser low frequency modulated signal and microwave low frequency modulations
The voltage modulation signal of signal.
Further, in addition to temperature control circuit (11), the use that microcontroller (1) is sent is received via multi-channel d/a converter
In control laser. operating temperature and the signal of atomic air chamber operating temperature.
Preferably, the microcontroller (1) is handed over according to the correction of the laser frequency of setting and microwave frequency correction time interval
Switched over for two kinds of channel central frequencies to high q-factor wave filter (9).
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) whole circuit system works under the control of the micro-controller, and circuit structure is simple, and debugging is convenient.
(2) circuit system shares a phase-sensitive detection circuit, and phase-sensitive detection circuit is multiplex circuit when atomic clock is locked, and is led to
The locking of laser frequency and microwave frequency can be realized by crossing software design patterns, reduce the volume and power consumption of circuit.
(3) high q-factor wave filter is added between photoelectric switching circuit and phase-sensitive detection circuit, the letter of circuit greatly improved
Make an uproar ratio.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral of the present invention.
In figure：1-microcontroller, 2-multi-channel d/a converter, 3-temperature compensating crystal oscillator, 4-frequency multiplier circuit, 5-adder,
6-voltage-controlled current source, 7-Bias-T, 8-photoelectric switching circuit, 9-high q-factor wave filter, 10-phase-sensitive detection circuit, 11-
Temperature-adjusting circuit, 12-laser physical part.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the CPT atomic clock control system architecture figures of the digital integral for the present invention, it is by microcontroller
(1), multi-channel d/a converter (2), temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3), frequency multiplier circuit (4), adder (5), voltage-controlled current source (6), Bias-T
(7), photoelectric switching circuit (8), high q-factor wave filter (9) phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) and temperature-adjusting circuit (11) composition.
The built-in D/A converter of microcontroller (1) is connected with the voltage-controlled end of temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3), for controlling temperature compensating crystal oscillator
(3) output frequency.Wherein, what the size of output frequency was obtained with being received from phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) corresponds to microwave signal
D. c. voltage signal size it is relevant：When the signal display frequency is bigger than normal, the frequency of control temperature compensating crystal oscillator output reduces, instead
It, increases output frequency.Microcontroller 1 also with the frequency multiplication of phase locked loop chip controls pin and attenuator core in frequency multiplier circuit (4)
The controlling switch of piece is connected, the Clock Multiplier Factor and output microwave power of control frequency multiplier circuit (4)；Microcontroller 1 is also filtered with high q-factor
The switch chip controlling switch of ripple device (9) is connected, and the channel central frequency of control high q-factor wave filter (9) is in Laser Modulation frequency
Switch between microwave modulating frequency；Microcontroller 1 is also connected with the reference square wave input end of phase-sensitive detection circuit (10), control
With reference to the frequency of square wave, switched laser Frequency Locking function and microwave frequency lock function：When leading to high q-factor wave filter (9)
When road centre frequency is switched to laser modulation frequency, the frequency with reference to square wave is adjusted to consistent with Laser Modulation frequency backward
Phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) is exported；, will when the channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9) is switched into microwave modulating frequency
Backward phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) output consistent with microwave modulating frequency is adjusted to reference to the frequency of square wave.
The output end of temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3) is connected with the frequency multiplication of phase locked loop chip signal input of frequency multiplier circuit (4), is frequency multiplication
Circuit 4 provides 10MHz signals.The microcontroller (1) corresponds to laser signal from what phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) reception was obtained
Locking signal when, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting value, control
The DC bias signal of multi-channel d/a converter output reduces；Conversely, increase DC bias signal；The setting value is defeated according to expecting
The optical maser wavelength gone out is set, it is therefore an objective to the output wavelength of laser is able to maintain that stabilization.When corresponding to that reception is obtained
During the locking signal of microwave signal, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting
During value, the frequency of control temperature compensating crystal oscillator output reduces；Conversely, increase temperature compensating crystal oscillator output frequency.The setting value is defeated according to expecting
The microwave signal frequency gone out is set, it is therefore an objective to the microwave signal output frequency of laser is able to maintain that stabilization.
Two output ends of multi-channel d/a converter are connected with two inputs of adder (5), and the direct current of laser is inclined
Control signal is put to be added with low frequency amplitude-modulated signal；Two output ends are connected with temperature-adjusting circuit (11), and laser works are controlled respectively
Temperature and atomic air chamber operating temperature.The output end of adder (5) is connected with the control end of voltage-controlled current source (6), control electric current
The output current in source (6).The output end of frequency multiplier circuit (4), the output end of voltage-controlled current source (6) are defeated with Bias-T (7) respectively
Enter end connection, microwave signal is added by Bias-T (7) with laser bias direct current and low frequency amplitude-modulated signal.Bias-T's (7) is defeated
Go out end with laser (12) direct-flow input end to be connected, control laser exports the laser signal after being modulated by microwave signal.Photoelectricity turns
Circuit (8) is changed to be converted to laser signal with laser low frequency modulated signal and the voltage modulated of microwave low-frequency modulation signal letter
Number.
The output end of photoelectric switching circuit (8) is connected with the input of high q-factor wave filter (9), and drop is filtered to signal
Make an uproar.The output end of the input connection high q-factor wave filter (9) of phase-sensitive detection circuit (10), according to reference to square wave by modulated signal
Detection is converted into direct current.The built-in A/D converter input of microcontroller (1) connects with the output end of phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)
Connect, will detect that obtained direct current signal carries out sampling calculating, realize the timesharing Frequency Locking of microwave signal and laser signal.
The step of program is performed after electricity operation in control system is as follows：
A. system initialization；
B., the control voltage of temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3) is set, the Clock Multiplier Factor of phase-locked loop chip is set in frequency multiplier circuit (4) and declined
Subtract the attenuation coefficient of device chip, the temperature control voltage of temperature-adjusting circuit (11) is set, the bias direct current voltage and low frequency of laser are set
Amplitude adjustment control voltage.
C. the switch of control high q-factor wave filter (9) makes passband central frequency corresponding with laser low frequency amplitude-modulated signal frequency,
The reference square-wave signal of control input phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) is identical with laser low frequency amplitude-modulated signal frequency simultaneously, opens and swashs
Light frequency lock function, the direct current for result of calculation adjustment adder (5) of being sampled according to the output signal of phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)
Bias voltage, realizes laser frequency lock.
D. the switch of control high q-factor wave filter (9) makes passband central frequency corresponding with microwave frequency modulating signal, same to time control
The reference square-wave signal of system input phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) is identical with microwave frequency modulating signal, opens microwave frequency locking work(
Can, the control voltage for result of calculation temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3) of being sampled according to the output signal of phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) realizes Microwave Frequency
Rate is locked.
E., the time interval that laser frequency is rectified a deviation and microwave frequency is rectified a deviation is set, according to the time interval timing repeat step
(3) and (4), the steady lock of atomic clock is realized.
In summary, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is these are only, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. the CPT atomic clock control systems of a kind of digital integral, it is characterised in that turn including microcontroller (1), multichannel D/A
Parallel operation (2), temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3), frequency multiplier circuit (4), adder (5), voltage-controlled current source (6), Bias-T (7), opto-electronic conversion electricity
Road (8), high q-factor wave filter (9) and phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)；
The microcontroller (1) is used for：Control the output frequency of temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3)；Control frequency multiplier circuit (4) Clock Multiplier Factor and
Export microwave power；The channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9) is controlled between Laser Modulation frequency and microwave modulating frequency
Switching；Square wave is referred to phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) output：It is sharp when the channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9) is switched to
During light device modulating frequency, the frequency with reference to square wave is adjusted to backward phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) consistent with Laser Modulation frequency defeated
Go out；When the channel central frequency of high q-factor wave filter (9) is switched into microwave modulating frequency, it will be adjusted with reference to the frequency of square wave
Exported into backward phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) consistent with microwave modulating frequency；
High q-factor wave filter (9) is from photoelectric switching circuit (8) receiving voltage modulated signal, and according in the passage being currently switched
Frequency of heart is filtered noise reduction to the voltage modulation signal, and sends into phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)；
Modulated signal detection is converted into d. c. voltage signal by the phase-sensitive detection circuit (10) according to the reference square wave, as
Locking signal；
The microcontroller (1) is used for：The obtained locking signal corresponding to laser signal is received from phase-sensitive detection circuit (10)
When, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting value, control multichannel D/A turns
The DC bias signal of parallel operation output reduces；Conversely, increase DC bias signal；When receive obtain correspond to microwave signal
During locking signal, the d. c. voltage signal is sampled and judged：When the d. c. voltage signal is more than setting value, control temperature
The frequency for mending crystal oscillator output reduces；Conversely, increase temperature compensating crystal oscillator output frequency；Meanwhile, control multi-channel d/a converter output is with swashing
The consistent low frequency amplitude-modulated signal of light modulation frequency；
The output frequency that the frequency multiplier circuit (4) receives according to the Clock Multiplier Factor, output microwave power and from temperature compensating crystal oscillator (3)
Rate, exports corresponding microwave signal；
The direct current biasing control signal that adder (5) exports multi-channel d/a converter (2) is added with the low frequency amplitude-modulated signal,
Deliver to voltage-controlled current source (6)；The signal of reception is converted to current signal by the voltage-controlled current source (6)；
The direct current signal of microwave signal, laser bias direct current signal and low frequency amplitude-modulated signal is added by the Bias-T (7),
Export to laser；
The laser produces the laser signal modulated by microwave signal；
The photoelectric switching circuit (8) is converted to laser signal with laser low frequency modulated signal and microwave low-frequency modulation signal
Voltage modulation signal.
2. the CPT atomic clock control systems of a kind of digital integral as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including temperature
Control circuit (11), via multi-channel d/a converter receive microcontroller (1) send be used for control laser. operating temperature and atom
The signal of air chamber operating temperature.
3. a kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the micro-control
Device (1) processed is according to the correction of the laser frequency of setting and microwave frequency correction time interval, alternately to the two of high q-factor wave filter (9)
Channel central frequency is planted to switch over.
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| CN201510885289.4A CN105388747B (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | A kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral |
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| CN201510885289.4A CN105388747B (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | A kind of CPT atomic clock control systems of digital integral |
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| CN107014555B (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-04-05 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | A kind of measuring device of atomic air chamber internal damping gas pressure intensity |
| CN108199712B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-07-13 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Frequency taming control circuit of CPT atomic clock |
| CN109598916A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-04-09 | 国网河南省电力公司济源供电公司 | A kind of universal method and system of the remote control operation of distribution on-pole switch |
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| JPH0783265B2 (en) * | 1989-08-21 | 1995-09-06 | 新技術事業団 | Laser-excited rubidium atomic oscillator |
| CN101931405B (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-03-07 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Coherent demodulation device for CPT atomic clock |
| CN102075187B (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2013-03-13 | 合肥威师智能电子电器厂 | Cpt atomic clock servo circuit |
| CN103684450B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2017-02-01 | 北京大学 | Method for outputting standard frequency of coherent population beat-frequency atomic clock |
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