CN105388253A - Plant cell water potential tester and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant cell water potential tester and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105388253A CN105388253A CN201510693358.1A CN201510693358A CN105388253A CN 105388253 A CN105388253 A CN 105388253A CN 201510693358 A CN201510693358 A CN 201510693358A CN 105388253 A CN105388253 A CN 105388253A
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Abstract
The invention provides a plant cell water potential tester which structurally comprises a permeation plate (1), a permeation liquid groove (2), a capillary tube (3), a sample pool (4), a pipette head (5), a rubber sealing bowl (6), a sealing protruding ring (7) and a capillary tube scale (8). The plant cell water potential tester can be used for testing the water potential of blocky tissue of potatoes, sweet potatoes, Chinese yam, radish and the like or the beaten-off plant tissue materials with the same tissue block size as the sample pool. The invention further provides a plant cell water potential testing method. According to the method, steps are simple, an experiment device is simple in structure, low in production cost and convenient to use, instruments such as a pipette and a rubber suction bulb commonly used in a laboratory are adopted as matched instruments, the second-time experiment precision can be improved by reducing the permeation liquid concentration range, the tissue block water potential can be obtained at a time, and the experiment efficiency and success rate are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of plant physiology experiment device, specifically vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter and application thereof.
Background technology
Vegetable cell and external environment flow of water magnitude relationship determine vegetable cell water suction or dehydration, and this is to rate of fertilizer application in guiding agricultural production, and irrigation volume is extremely important.Meanwhile, in plant physiology research, the flow of water is also common plant physiology index, often needs to measure the vegetable cell flow of water in the research such as botany, Crop Genetic Breeding.The flow of water of vegetable cell is water in phalangeal cell and the difference in chemical potential of the water of every partial molar volume between pure water, represents with symbol ψ.The motion of moisture needs energy work done, describes the concept that moisture turnover cell adopts the flow of water in plant physiology.The flow of water is the strength factor promoting moisture movement, and generically can be interpreted as the trend of water movement, water always flows to low flow of water place by the high flow of water is spontaneous, until two place's flows of water are equal.The flow of water of any Aquo System, be subject to the impact of the factors (as solute, pressure etc.) that can change water free energy, the flow of water of system is increased and decreased to some extent, such as, water-soluble solute can reduce the free energy of system, and the flow of water is reduced.The flow of water of pure water is defined as at standard conditions (or under some atmospheric pressure, time synthermal with system) be zero, pure water refers to the pure free water be combined with other materials never in any form, and contained by it, free energy is the highest, so the flow of water of pure water is the highest.When being dissolved with any material in pure water, because solute (molecule or ion) and hydrone interact, consume part free energy and the flow of water is reduced, so the flow of water of any solution is lower than pure water, the solute of solution is more, and the flow of water of solution is lower.The assay method of the flow of water is also a lot, now enumerates common methods:
Dye method
When plant tissue or cell are put in the solution, just can there is exchange of moisture in both.If the flow of water of plant tissue (or cell) is lower than the flow of water of solution, tissue (or cell) then absorbs water, and outer solution concentration is increased, and proportion also increases; If during the flow of water of the flow of water of plant tissue (or cell) higher than solution, tissue (or cell) then dehydration, the concentration of solution is diminished, and proportion also diminishes; If when the flow of water of plant tissue (or cell) is equal with the flow of water of solution, the concentration of outer solution is constant, its proportion is also constant, if the solution of dipped tissue is slowly dripped back same concentration and in the solution of not dipped tissue or cell.The liquid stream that proportion is little is just past to float, heavy, sinks.If little liquid stream is slack, then illustrate that the concentration of solution changes.The osmotic potential (flow of water) of this solution namely equal survey the flow of water of tissue (or cell).
The technical matters existed: dye method is tested after needing repeated sampling in different device, different parts sampling increases experimental error; And dye method is the gravity measuring dipped tissue carrys out the indirect determination vegetable cell flow of water, the time of soaking plant tissue is not easy to control, and error is also larger.
Measurement with wet
When the flow of water of aqueous solution reduces, the vapor pressure of water also can reduce, and this is one of colligative property feature of lean solution, and water can reduce the temperature on this surface from a surperficial evaporation.Measuring solution or the plant tissue flow of water with wet-and-dry bulb thermometer is exactly based on such phenomenon and principle.
Be positioned over by vegetable material to be measured in an airtight small container, in a reservoir device temperature sensor, well makes this temperature sensor contact with a small drops of water.During beginning, water simultaneously from vegetable material and water-drop evaporation, and can progressively make the steam-laden in container.At this moment, if and the temperature of ambient air is identical and plant tissue has the lower flow of water for vegetable material and the temperature of water droplet, so the water of water droplet will continue evaporation, diffusion is also absorbed by plant tissue, this evaporation process can reduce the temperature of water droplet, between vegetable material and water droplet, flow of water difference is larger, and the transfer of moisture is faster, and the cooling of water droplet is also larger.Be placed in temperature sensor if not by pure water water droplet, but drip with the solution of known solute concentration and contact with temperature sensor, when the flow of water of this solution is lower than vegetable material, water will be transferred to solution from vegetable material and drip up, thus make the temperature of drop increase.If vegetable material is identical with the drop flow of water, the temperature reductions of drop is zero.Like this, measure the solution of a series of known solute concentration, just may find the solution identical with the vegetable material flow of water.
The technical matters existed: measurement with wet measures the sensor that the vegetable cell flow of water needs to measure droplet temperature, such instrument often cost intensive, safeguards and uses operation also very complicated; And measure the flow of water to need repeatedly to measure the temperature that variable concentrations solution drips and just can find the drop identical with plant water potential, experimental period is longer.
Chamber method
Chamber method can more quickly to plant tissue, and the flow of water as blade, stem is measured.The measurement of chamber method is based on such consideration, namely think that the flow of water of xylem solution is close with the flow of water of plant tissue under measuring condition, as long as therefore measure pressure potential and the solute potential of xylem solution, and the flow of water of plant tissue can be obtained according to the flow of water calculating xylem solution.
During measurement, plant organ to be measured is separated from plant, part is sealed in a pressure chamber.Before organ is cut, the water column in xylem is in negative tension state, and after cutting organ, because xylem interrupts, tension force is destroyed, in xylem water column meeting retract tissue.At this moment petiole end or stem end table and can become dry dismal, in pressure chamber, increase air pressure gradually, xylem water column in plant organ can be made to return to the end of petiole or stem, thus port cell becomes moistening shinny again.The pressure just making xylem water column return port is called equalized pressure, and the value of this pressure can read from the tensimeter of pressure chamber easily.Equalized pressure and the plant organ pressure before cutting and separating in xylem is numerically equal.Measure the solute potential of xylem solution more further, the flow of water of xylem can be calculated, and the flow of water of this flow of water and plant tissue is close.
The technical matters existed: chamber method measures the vegetable cell flow of water to be needed device airtight and can bear high pressure, also need device or pressurized air that high pressure is provided, such instrument has certain danger when using, misoperation easily causes accident, can provide the instrument maintenance of high pressure and use cost higher.In addition, the flow of water of chamber method many mensuration aboveground vegetation part, particularly with the vegetable material of branches and leaves and hard stem, and can not use this law and this type of experimental apparatus to measure as massive textures such as potato tubers, sweet potato stem tuber, carrots.
Cryoscopic method
When solute concentration in solution rises, the freezing point of solution can decline, and this is also one of colligative properties of solution matter, the freezing point of such as pure water is 0 DEG C, when adding 1mol solute in 1kg pure water, therefore freezing point of solution drops to-1.86., can be measured the osmotic potential of solution by the freezing point measuring solution.
The device that cryoscopic method measures has many, and freezing point osmometer is the one comparatively commonly used.Freezing point infiltration is in respect of the platform of a temperature control, and platform has some be filled with the little Chi of oil, platform is silvery, makes it have higher thermal conductivity.During measurement, sample drop is suspended and is placed in oil, to avoid evaporation.Then the temperature of platform being reduced to rapidly about-30 DEG C makes drop freeze, and then makes platform temperature slowly increase, and the melting process of drop is observed by microscope.Temperature when water just melts completely in drop goes on record, this temperature of melting and freezing point temperature.Can solute concentration be calculated by freezing point temperature, then calculate osmotic potential by Fan Dehuo equation.The freezing point of the little solution to 1 μ L volume can be measured with freezing-point osmometer.Measurement volumes little like this makes us likely measure individual cells liquid, also enables the temperature of drop and temperature control platform promptly reach balance simultaneously.
The technical matters existed: cryoscopic method and freezing point osmometer need to operate under the microscope, also need special experimental apparatus and carry out herborization cell liquid.These experimental implementation difficulty are comparatively large, particularly gather the cell liquid of individual cells; And need supporting instrument more, require higher to laboratory equipment, be only suitable for the laboratory satisfied the requirements.
Summary of the invention
Patent of the present invention provides vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter and application thereof, and its structure comprises: infiltration plate (1), infiltration liquid bath (2) (comprise little infiltration liquid bath (2-1) and permeate greatly liquid bath (2-2)), kapillary (3), sample cell (4), liquid-transfering gun rifle head (5), rubber packing bowl (6), sealing flange collar (7), kapillary scale (8).
Infiltration plate is transparency silica glass plate, can be square or circular.Little infiltration liquid bath is communicated with by kapillary with sample cell, and kapillary is in infiltration glass plate central authorities, and be circular pipe, diameter 0.1-3.0mm, long 2-10cm, quantity is 4-12 root (being 8) in accompanying drawing.The volume of little infiltration liquid bath is the half of the whole volume of kapillary, different with length according to capillary diameter, is set as 10-1000 μ L.The volume of large infiltration liquid bath is little infiltration liquid bath 2-10 times of 20-10000 μ L, for.Rubber packing bowl is circular little bowl-shape, and have elasticity, there are a circular aperture in obturating cup top central authorities, and size can hold rifle head, and can and rifle head between formed and seal.Rubber packing bowl bottom caves inward formation groove, the size of groove is coincide with glass capsulation flange collar on infiltration plate, rubber packing bowl and sealing flange collar can form sealing to sample cell, can form negative pressure when bleeding to sample cell with liquid-transfering gun to the kapillary of sample cell and connection.Kapillary scale is positioned at infiltration plate surface, and directly over kapillary, minimum scale is 0.5-1mm.The shape of sample cell is circular or follows the polygon or many convex-edge shapes (being octagon in accompanying drawing) that number of capillaries is identical.
The invention provides the assay method of a kind of clumped plant histocyte (as potato, sweet potato, Chinese yam, the carrot etc.) flow of water, comprise the steps: (1) configuration variable concentrations percolating solution, as sucrose solution, add a small amount of methylene blue solution, mixing; (2) little infiltration liquid bath (as accompanying drawing 3) is added with liquid-transfering gun draws equal amounts penetrating fluid.(3) connect rifle head with liquid-transfering gun and insert obturating cup top aperture, then obturating cup is covered in sealing flange collar, with liquid-transfering gun suction, liquid in little infiltration liquid bath is all entered in kapillary, and gas column can be formed in kapillary little infiltration liquid bath one end.(4) again in infiltration liquid bath, add original content penetrating fluid, repeat liquid-transfering gun suction operation, make to form a minute bubbles (as accompanying drawing 4) in kapillary.(5) potato tubers (or the clumped plant such as sweet potato, carrot tissue) is cut into sheet, thickness is consistent with the sample cell degree of depth, adopt the card punch identical with size with sample cell shape to lay one piece again to organize, join in sample cell, ensure that plant tissue block fully contacts with capillary end (as accompanying drawing 5).(6) observe bubble moving direction in kapillary, bubble moves to sample direction, be then cell water suction, the cell flow of water is less than the penetrating fluid flow of water, and bubble moves to infiltration liquid bath direction, be then cell dehydration, the cell flow of water is greater than the penetrating fluid flow of water.Two critical concentrations finding bubble moving direction contrary, the mean value of two concentration is then the potato tubers flow of water.In order to obtain more accurate experimental result, can several concentration revision test being set between two critical concentrations again, need sampling at same potato tubers, to reduce error when repeating experiment.(7) cleaning of instrument: after experiment terminates, the distilled water of the half degree of depth is added in infiltration liquid pool and sample cell, ear washing bulb is connected obturating cup by obturating cup top aperture, obturating cup covers in sealing flange collar, blow back and forth and air-breathing with ear washing bulb, reach the cleaning to sample cell, infiltration liquid pool, particularly kapillary.
The invention is not restricted to the mensuration of the potato tubers flow of water, may be used for the massive textures such as potato, sweet potato, Chinese yam, carrot, maybe can lay the mensuration with the plant tissue materials flow of water of sample cell size homologue block.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this flow of water assay method step is few, experimental provision structure used is simple, low production cost, and easy to use, necessary instrument is laboratory common instrument liquid-transfering gun, ear washing bulb etc.; And improve degree of accuracy by reducing penetrating fluid concentration range.The present invention once can obtain the flow of water of tissue block, improves conventional efficient and success ratio greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application longitudinal profile structural map thereof.
Fig. 2 is vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application vertical view thereof.
Fig. 3 is that vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application thereof use schematic diagram one.
Fig. 4 is that vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application thereof use schematic diagram two.
Fig. 5 is that vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application thereof use schematic diagram three.
Fig. 6 is vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter of the present invention and application of samples pond vertical view thereof.
Embodiment
Infiltration plate is transparency silica glass plate, for square.Little infiltration liquid bath is communicated with by kapillary with sample cell, and kapillary is in infiltration glass plate central authorities, and be circular pipe, diameter 0.4mm, long 5cm, quantity is 8.The volume of little infiltration liquid bath is 100 μ L.The volume of large infiltration liquid bath is 600 μ L.Rubber packing bowl is circular little bowl-shape, and have elasticity, there are a circular aperture in top central authorities, and size can hold rifle head, and can and rifle head between formed and seal.Rubber packing bowl bottom caves inward formation groove, the size of groove is coincide with infiltration plate seals flange collar, rubber packing bowl and sealing flange collar can form sealing to sample cell, can form negative pressure when bleeding to sample cell with liquid-transfering gun to the kapillary of sample cell and connection.Kapillary scale is positioned at infiltration plate surface, and directly over kapillary, minimum scale is 1mm.The shape of sample cell is eight limit convexs, figure as right in accompanying drawing 6.
8 variable concentrations sucrose percolating solutions are first configured during use, 0.01mol/L, 0.02mol/L, 0.03mol/L, 0.04mol/L, 0.05mol/L, 0.06mol/L, 0.07mol/L, 0.08mol/L, add 5 μ L methylene blue solution, mixing, draws 100 μ L penetrating fluids with liquid-transfering gun and adds little infiltration liquid bath (as accompanying drawing 3).Connect rifle head with liquid-transfering gun and insert obturating cup top aperture, then covered on by obturating cup in sealing flange collar, liquid-transfering gun is transferred to 1000 μ L and is aspirated, and liquid in little infiltration liquid bath is all entered in kapillary, and forms gas column in kapillary little infiltration liquid bath one end.Again in infiltration liquid bath, add original content penetrating fluid, repeat liquid-transfering gun suction operation, make to form a minute bubbles (as accompanying drawing 4) in kapillary.Potato tubers (or the clumped plant such as sweet potato, radish tissue) is cut into the sheet consistent with the sample cell degree of depth, adopts eight limit convex card punch samplings, sample is joined (as accompanying drawing 5) in sample cell.Bubble moving direction in observation kapillary, bubble moves to sample direction, be then cell water suction, the cell flow of water is less than the penetrating fluid flow of water, and bubble moves to infiltration liquid bath direction, be then cell dehydration, the cell flow of water is greater than the penetrating fluid flow of water.Find two critical concentrations, the mean value of two concentration is then the potato tubers flow of water.Suppose that the corresponding bubble of 0.04mol/L penetrating fluid moves to infiltration liquid bath direction, the corresponding bubble of 0.05mol/L penetrating fluid moves to sample direction, configuration concentration is that the sucrose penetrating fluid of 0.042mol/L, 0.044mol/L, 0.046mol/L, 0.048mol/L repeats above-mentioned experiment again.
After experiment terminates, in infiltration liquid pool and sample cell, add the distilled water of the half degree of depth, ear washing bulb is connected obturating cup by obturating cup top aperture, obturating cup covers in sealing flange collar, blow back and forth and air-breathing with ear washing bulb, reach the cleaning to sample cell, infiltration liquid pool, particularly kapillary.
Claims (9)
1. an assay method for the vegetable cell flow of water, is characterized in that the method comprises the steps: (1) and configures variable concentrations percolating solution, add a small amount of methylene blue solution, mixing; (2) little infiltration liquid bath is added with liquid-transfering gun draws equal amounts penetrating fluid; (3) connect rifle head with liquid-transfering gun and insert obturating cup top aperture, then obturating cup is covered in sealing flange collar, aspirate with liquid-transfering gun; (4) again in infiltration liquid bath, add original content penetrating fluid, repeat liquid-transfering gun suction operation; (5) clumped plant tissue is cut into sheet, thickness is consistent with the sample cell degree of depth, then adopts the card punch identical with size with sample cell shape to lay one piece and organize, and joins in sample cell; (6) bubble moving direction in kapillary is observed; (7) instrument cleaning.
2. a kind of clumped plant organizes the assay method of the flow of water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the cleaning of step (7) instrument comprises: the distilled water adding the half degree of depth in infiltration liquid pool and sample cell, ear washing bulb is connected obturating cup by obturating cup top aperture, obturating cup covers in sealing flange collar, then blows back and forth and air-breathing with ear washing bulb.
3. measure and custom-designed equipment for implementing the vegetable cell flow of water, vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter, is characterized in that the structure of described determinator comprises: infiltration plate (1), infiltration liquid bath (2), kapillary (3), sample cell (4), liquid-transfering gun rifle head (5), rubber packing bowl (6), sealing flange collar (7), kapillary scale (8); Infiltration plate is transparency silica glass plate, and little infiltration liquid bath (2-1) is communicated with by kapillary with sample cell, and kapillary, in infiltration glass plate central authorities, is circular pipe; Rubber packing bowl is circular little bowl-shape, and there are a circular aperture in top central authorities, and bottom caves inward formation groove.
4. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that the diameter 0.1-3.0mm of kapillary, long 2-10cm, and quantity is 4-12 root.
5. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that transparent liquid groove is divided into little infiltration liquid bath (2-1) and permeates greatly liquid bath (2-2), and the volume of little infiltration liquid bath is 10-1000 μ L, and the volume of large infiltration liquid bath is 20-10000 μ L.
6. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that the shape of sample cell is for circle, polygon and many convex-edge shapes.
7. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that the limit number of polygon and many convex-edge shapes sample cell is 4-12.
8. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that described determinator measures the flow of water can laid with the plant tissue materials of sample cell size homologue block, comprises potato, sweet potato, Chinese yam, carrot.
9. vegetable cell Type Water Potential Meter according to claim 3, is characterized in that the size of the groove of described obturating cup is coincide with infiltration plate seals flange collar.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113155771A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-23 | 华中农业大学 | Split type quick accurate blade water potential survey device |
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| CN87206643U (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-06-15 | 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所 | Electronic botanical nilometer |
| RU2115302C1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1998-07-20 | Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Институт медико-биологических проблем | Method and apparatus for root feeding of plants under artificial conditions |
| CA2237925A1 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-06 | Shaoying Wang | Tree irrigation system (tis) with a controller of negative pressure |
| CN2559983Y (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2003-07-09 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Pressure type measuring instrument for electric measuring plant water situation |
| CN1611930A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-05-04 | 邓西民 | Plant water flow normal position monitoring instrument |
| CN203772838U (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-08-13 | 四川农业大学 | Plant water potential determination early warning device |
| CN203811597U (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-09-03 | 四川农业大学 | Simple plant water potential measuring device |
| CN205049556U (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-02-24 | 甘肃农业大学 | Survey device of potato stem tuber flow of water |
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2015
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87206643U (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-06-15 | 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所 | Electronic botanical nilometer |
| RU2115302C1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1998-07-20 | Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Институт медико-биологических проблем | Method and apparatus for root feeding of plants under artificial conditions |
| CA2237925A1 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-06 | Shaoying Wang | Tree irrigation system (tis) with a controller of negative pressure |
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| CN203772838U (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-08-13 | 四川农业大学 | Plant water potential determination early warning device |
| CN203811597U (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-09-03 | 四川农业大学 | Simple plant water potential measuring device |
| CN205049556U (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-02-24 | 甘肃农业大学 | Survey device of potato stem tuber flow of water |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113155771A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-23 | 华中农业大学 | Split type quick accurate blade water potential survey device |
| CN113155771B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-10-18 | 华中农业大学 | Split type quick accurate blade water potential survey device |
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| CN105388253B (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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