CN104865161A - Method for measuring liquid viscosity by utilization of capillary and device used for method - Google Patents
Method for measuring liquid viscosity by utilization of capillary and device used for method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104865161A CN104865161A CN201410255184.6A CN201410255184A CN104865161A CN 104865161 A CN104865161 A CN 104865161A CN 201410255184 A CN201410255184 A CN 201410255184A CN 104865161 A CN104865161 A CN 104865161A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring a liquid viscosity by utilization of a capillary and a device used for the method. The method is as follows: at a certain temperature, two ends of a capillary liquid are applied with pressure, a liquid interfacial movement rate is measured, a v(delta P) relation straight line is constructed, a gradient of the straight line is obtained, and the liquid viscosity is calculated according to a known capillary radius and a known liquid column length. Through the method, a viscosity of a single liquid can be measured. When two immiscible liquids are coexistent and the viscosity of one liquid is known, the viscosity of the other liquid can be measured through the method. The capillary employed for measurement in the method is in a micrometer level, and the viscosity scope of a liquid to be measured is 5*10<-4>-10Pa.s. The measuring device in the measuring method is simple in structure and is reasonable in design, parameters are convenient to control and results are reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that kapillary measures liquid viscosity, belong to analytical chemistry field.
Background technology
Kapillary is a kind of parts required in instrumental analysis, permeation fluid mechanics experiment.Kapillary as the core of analysis component, important role in the fields such as instrumental analysis, Pharmaceutical Analysis, environmental analysis and life sciences analytical.Present analysis field is the exploration to microworld and the low consumption to sample so that the extension of the aspects such as nondestructive analysis and progress to the development of micro-scale.In addition, in a lot of situation, same material, under macro-scale and micro-scale, may show not identical physico-chemical property, survey instrument under the flowing property macro-scale of sample in the kapillary under micro-scale does not conform to actual conditions when measuring.
At present, measure in instrumental analysis and industrial capillary viscosimeter (Ostwald viscosimeter, the Ubbelohde viscometer etc.) viscosity to liquid that widely uses.These measuring methods have it circumscribed: first, existing capillary viscosimeter goes out its flow velocity by the Time Calculation of perpendicular capillary under gravity by the liquid measuring certain volume, and the viscosity of target liq is calculated by correlation theory, and reference standard sample must be had when testing, by measuring the flow velocity of the normal fluid of known-viscosity and the testing sample of unknown viscosity, both compare the viscosity drawing testing sample; The second, in this test process, the flow velocity that liquid falls only is affected by gravity, and can not change the pressure of test, and this is concerning some sample that viscosity changes to some extent under different pressure or shear action, be have larger circumscribed; 3rd, the internal diameter of its core component kapillary of existing capillary viscosimeter generally at 0.1mm ~ 10mm, but, if the viscosity of the liquid below micron level need be investigated, be cannot by determining that the volume of liquid calculates the flow velocity of liquid.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of kapillary to measure the method for liquid viscosity and the device for the method.The inventive method is simple, data are reliable, measurement range, at micron order, breaches the measuring limit of previous methods, does not need standard model as reference in measuring process, and can pressure required for free adjustment, can also measure two kinds of liquid interact under real-time streams kinetic viscosity; Equipment therefor structure is simple, reasonable in design, and correlation parameter is convenient to be controlled, numerical value readability, and process data are convenient, simple.
The invention provides a kind of method that kapillary measures the viscosity of single liquid, the method comprises the steps:
(1a) in one of two fluid reservoirs, inject testing liquid, and one end of kapillary is connected with the fluid reservoir being filled with testing liquid, make port by fluid-tight, the other end is tightly connected with the fluid reservoir not injecting testing liquid;
(1b) regulate the pressure difference Δ P at kapillary two ends, this pressure difference is worth by the difference of reading of the pressure measurement equipment at kapillary two ends, i.e. Δ P=│ P1-P2 │, P1 and P2 is respectively the pressure of kapillary both sides fluid reservoir;
(1c) under measuring immobile liquid column length L, the flow rate v of liquid during different pressure difference Δ P;
(1d) make v (Δ P) relation straight line, wherein v is ordinate, and Δ P is horizontal ordinate, obtains the slope k of straight line, calculates the viscosity of testing liquid
wherein r is the radius of kapillary, and L is the liquid column length of testing liquid in kapillary.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment, the method that kapillary of the present invention measures the viscosity of single liquid is further comprising the steps of:
(1e) under different liquid column length L, repeat step (1c) to (1d), calculate the viscosities il of testing liquid for different L respectively, and the multiple viscosities il obtained are averaged.
The present invention is also provided in the method measuring wherein a kind of real time viscosity of liquid when two kinds of immiscible liquids flow in kapillary, and wherein a kind of viscosity of liquid is known, and described method comprises the steps:
(2a) in one of two fluid reservoirs, inject the liquid A of viscosity the unknown, and kapillary one end is connected with the fluid reservoir being filled with liquid A, make port by after fluid-tight, make liquid A be full of kapillary;
(2b) in another fluid reservoir, inject the known liquid B of viscosity, the opposite side of above-mentioned kapillary is connected with fluid reservoir B, make port by fluid-tight;
(2c) the pressure difference Δ P at kapillary two ends is regulated, liquid A and liquid B is made to coexist in kapillary, this pressure difference is worth by the difference of reading on the pressure measurement equipment at kapillary two ends, i.e. Δ P=│ P1-P2 │, P1 and P2 is respectively the pressure of kapillary both sides fluid reservoir;
(2d) immobile liquid column length L is measured
a, L
bunder, the flow rate v of liquid during different pressure difference Δ P;
(2e) make v (Δ P) relation straight line, wherein v is ordinate, and Δ P is horizontal ordinate, obtains the slope k of straight line, then the viscosity of testing liquid
wherein r is the radius of kapillary, L
a, L
bbe respectively the liquid column length of liquid A in kapillary, B, η
a, η
bbe respectively the viscosity of liquid A, B.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment, said method of the present invention is further comprising the steps of:
(2f) at different liquid column length L
a, L
blower repetition step (2d) to (2e), for different L
a, L
bcalculate the viscosities il of testing liquid A respectively
a, and to the multiple viscosities il obtained
aaverage.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment, said method of the present invention is implemented in the temperature range of-20 DEG C to 150 DEG C.
The present invention is also provided for the device implementing said method, and described device comprises:
Two fluid reservoirs with opening;
The kapillary of horizontal positioned, the two ends of described kapillary are tightly connected with the sidewall of described fluid reservoir respectively and are in the state of fluid connection with fluid reservoir inside;
For regulating the equipment of the liquid pressure in fluid reservoir;
For measuring the equipment of the liquid pressure at kapillary two ends; And
For measuring the equipment of the liquid flow rate in kapillary.
In a preferred embodiment, in the apparatus of the present, the interior diameter of kapillary is within the scope of 0.5 μm ~ 1mm.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. the inventive method is based upon in kapillary on microhydrodynamics character basis, and data are easy to get, and calculates simple, reliable results.
2. the inside diameter ranges of the kapillary used in measuring method of the present invention reaches micron order, and namely interior diameter all can carry out Measurement accuracy in the kapillary of 0.5 μm ~ 1mm, compares reduce an order of magnitude with existing surveying instrument parts.
3. do not need standard model as reference in measuring method of the present invention, only needing to carry out measurement to testing sample can obtain result.
4. can regulate pressure in measuring method of the present invention, the real time viscosity of liquid under different pressure or shear action can be measured.
5. measuring method of the present invention when two kinds of immiscible liquid jointly exist in kapillary, when a kind of viscosity of liquid is known, can measure the viscosity of the another kind of liquid of viscosity the unknown wherein.
6. the range of viscosities of liquid that can measure of measuring method of the present invention is at 5 × 10-
4~ 10Pas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that kapillary of the present invention measures the method for viscosity of single liquid and the schematic diagram of the device for the method, and wherein L is the liquid column length of testing liquid, and P1 is the pressure of kapillary one end, and P2 is the pressure of the kapillary other end;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram measuring wherein a kind of method of real time viscosity of liquid and the device for the method when two kinds of immiscible liquids flow in kapillary of the present invention, wherein L
a, L
bbe respectively the liquid column length of liquid A in kapillary, B, P1 is the pressure of kapillary one end, and P2 is the pressure of the kapillary other end.
Embodiment
In order to understand content of the present invention better, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but content of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The embodiment of the viscosity of single liquid is measured with kapillary
Embodiment 1
During temperature T=25.3 DEG C, be in the kapillary of 1.7 μm (radius is 0.85 μm), total length L=178mm at interior diameter, water column length L
wduring=38mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=2.41 Δ P+406, draws straight slope k=2.41 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of water
w=0.85
2/ (8 × 2.41 × 38)=0.99 × 10
-3pas; Water column length L
wduring=68mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=1.362 Δ P+217, draws straight slope k=1.362 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of water
w=0.85
2/ (8 × 1.362 × 68)=0.98 × 10
-3pas; Water column length L
wduring=88mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=0.967 Δ P+166, draws straight slope k=0.967 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of water
w=0.85
2/ (8 × 0.967 × 88)=1.06 × 10
-3pas; Be then in the kapillary of 1.7 μm at interior diameter, the viscosity of water is η
w=(0.99 × 10
-3pas+0.98 × 10
-3pas+1.06 × 10
-3pas)/3=1.01 × 10
-3pas.
Embodiment 2
During temperature T=24.6 DEG C, be in the kapillary of 11.26 μm (radius is 5.63 μm), total length L=181mm at interior diameter, 65 % by weight glycerine (glycerine, as follows) aqueous solution liquid column length L
gduring=50mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=3.64 Δ P+100, draws straight slope k=3.64 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 65% glycerine water solution
g=5.63
2/ (8 × 3.64 × 50)=21.8 × 10
-3pas; 65% glycerine water solution liquid column length L
gduring=80mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=2.30 Δ P+62.8, draws straight slope k=2.30 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 65% glycerine water solution
g=5.63
2/ (8 × 2.30 × 80)=21.5 × 10
-3pas; 65% glycerine water solution liquid column length L
gduring=110mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=1.64 Δ P+43.5, draws straight slope k=1.64 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 65% glycerine water solution
g=5.63
2/ (8 × 1.64 × 110)=22.0 × 10
-3pas; Be then in the kapillary of 11.26 μm at interior diameter, the viscosity of 65% glycerine water solution is η
g=(21.8 × 10
-3pas+21.5 × 10
-3pas+22.0 × 10
-3pas)/3=21.8 × 10
-3pas.
Embodiment 3
During temperature T=25.8 DEG C, be in the kapillary of 205 μm (radius is 102.5 μm), total length L=178mm at interior diameter, 99 % by weight glycerine water solution liquid column length L
gduring=57mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=33.18 Δ P+43.25, draws straight slope k=33.18 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 99% glycerine water solution
g=102.5
2/ (8 × 33.18 × 57)=0.694Pas; 99% glycerine water solution liquid column length L
gduring=77mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=24.57 Δ P+30.99, draws straight slope k=24.57 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 99% glycerine water solution
g=102.5
2/ (8 × 24.57 × 77)=0.694Pas; 99% glycerine water solution liquid column length L
gduring=97mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=19.20 Δ P+25.93, draws straight slope k=19.20 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 99% glycerine water solution
g=102.5
2/ (8 × 19.20 × 97)=0.705Pas; Be then in the kapillary of 205 μm at interior diameter, the viscosity of 99% glycerine water solution is η
g=(0.694Pas+0.694Pas+0.705Pas)/3=0.698Pas.
When two kinds of immiscible liquids coexist in kapillary, when wherein a kind of viscosity of liquid is known, measure the embodiment of the viscosity of another kind of liquid.
Embodiment 4
During temperature T=25.0 DEG C, be that in the kapillary of 1.84 μm (radius is 0.92 μm), total length L=198mm, water and decane exist simultaneously, and the viscosity of known decane is 0.9 × 10 at interior diameter
-3pas.The long L of water column
wduring=53mm, decane column length L
o=145mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=0.567 Δ P-12.99, draws straight slope k=0.567 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of water
w=(0.92
2/ (8 × 0.567)-(145 × 0.0009))/53=1.06 × 10
-3pas; The long L of water column
wduring=73mm, decane column length L
o=125mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=0.551 Δ P-16.32, draws straight slope k=0.551 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of water
w=(0.92
2/ (8 × 0.551)-(125 × 0.0009))/73=1.09 × 10
-3pas; The long L of water column
wduring=93mm, decane column length L
o=105mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=0.546 Δ P-19.96, draws straight slope k=0.546 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then water viscosities il
w=(0.92
2/ (8 × 0.546)-(105 × 0.0009))/93=1.07 × 10
-3pas; Be then that in the kapillary of 1.84 μm, in water-decane system, the viscosity of water is η at interior diameter
w=(1.06 × 10
-3pas+1.09 × 10
-3pas+1.07 × 10
-3pas)/3=1.07 × 10
-3pas.
Embodiment 5
During temperature T=25.2 DEG C, be that in the kapillary of 11.26 μm (radius is 5.63 μm), total length L=173mm, 20 % by weight glycerine water solutions and decane exist simultaneously, and the viscosity of known decane is 0.9 × 10 at interior diameter
-3pas.The long L of 20% glycerine water solution fluid column
gduring=65mm, decane column length L
o=108mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=18.17 Δ P+62.66, draws straight slope k=18.17 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 20% glycerine water solution
g=(5.63
2/ (8 × 18.17)-(108 × 0.0009))/65=1.86 × 10
-3pas; The long L of 20% glycerine water solution fluid column
wduring=95mm, decane column length L
o=78mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=17.92 Δ P+17.07, draws straight slope k=17.92 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 20% glycerine water solution
g=(5.63
2/ (8 × 17.92)-(78 × 0.0009))/95=1.59 × 10
-3pas; The long L of 20% glycerine water solution fluid column
wduring=125mm, decane column length L
o=48mm, measuring v (Δ P) relation straight line is v=14.28 Δ P-41.46, draws straight slope k=14.28 μm s
-1kPa
-1, then the viscosities il of 20% glycerine water solution
g=(5.63
2/ (8 × 14.28)-(48 × 0.0009))/125=1.87 × 10
-3pas; Be then in the kapillary of 5.63 μm at interior diameter, in decane-20% glycerine water solution system, the viscosity of 20% glycerine water solution is η
g=(1.86 × 10
-3pas+1.59 × 10
-3pas+1.87 × 10
-3pas)/3=1.77 × 10
-3pas.
Temperature conditions when need clearly test when testing in the present invention, because the viscosity of liquid is relevant with temperature, when results expression, the corresponding relation of necessary clear and definite temperature and viscosity.The temperature range that the inventive method is suitable for is-20 DEG C to 150 DEG C.
In theory, the liquid of any one viscosity all can be tested in the kapillary of any caliber, but consider from testing efficiency and measuring accuracy angle, the kapillary that the liquid caliber that general recommendations viscosity is less is less is tested, and the liquid that viscosity is larger is tested in the kapillary that caliber is larger.
In sum, in the kinematic viscosity side of measurement capillary liquid in pipe of the present invention, the scope of the interior diameter of kapillary, at micron order, all can carry out Measurement accuracy in the kapillary of interior diameter within the scope of 0.5 μm ~ 1mm, measures the range of viscosities of liquid 5 × 10
-4~ 10Pas, data are credible, reliable results, and error is little.Therefore, this to be enclosed within the method measuring liquid viscosity in micron order kapillary very effective.
Claims (8)
1. measure a method for the viscosity of single liquid with kapillary, the method comprises the steps:
(1a) in one of two fluid reservoirs, inject testing liquid, and one end of kapillary is connected with the fluid reservoir being filled with testing liquid, make port by fluid-tight, the other end is tightly connected with the fluid reservoir not injecting testing liquid;
(1b) regulate the pressure difference Δ P at kapillary two ends, this pressure difference is worth by the difference of reading of the pressure measurement equipment at kapillary two ends, i.e. Δ P=│ P1-P2 │, P1 and P2 is respectively the pressure of kapillary both sides fluid reservoir;
(1c) under measuring immobile liquid column length L, the flow rate v of liquid during different pressure difference Δ P;
(1d) make v (Δ P) relation straight line, wherein v is ordinate, and Δ P is horizontal ordinate, obtains the slope k of straight line, calculates the viscosity of testing liquid
wherein r is the radius of kapillary, and L is the liquid column length of testing liquid in kapillary.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method also comprises the steps:
(1e) under different liquid column length L, repeat step (1c) to (1d), calculate the viscosities il of testing liquid for different L respectively, and the multiple viscosities il obtained are averaged.
3. measure the method for wherein a kind of real time viscosity of liquid when two kinds of immiscible liquids flow in kapillary, wherein a kind of viscosity of liquid is known, and described method comprises the steps:
(2a) in one of two fluid reservoirs, inject the liquid A of viscosity the unknown, and kapillary one end is connected with the fluid reservoir being filled with liquid A, make port by after fluid-tight, make liquid A be full of kapillary;
(2b) in another fluid reservoir, inject the known liquid B of viscosity, the opposite side of above-mentioned kapillary is connected with fluid reservoir B, make port by fluid-tight;
(2c) the pressure difference Δ P at kapillary two ends is regulated, liquid A and liquid B is made to coexist in kapillary, this pressure difference is worth by the difference of reading on the pressure measurement equipment at kapillary two ends, i.e. Δ P=│ P1-P2 │, P1 and P2 is respectively the pressure of kapillary both sides fluid reservoir;
(2d) immobile liquid column length L is measured
a, L
bunder, the flow rate v of liquid during different pressure difference Δ P;
(2e) make v (Δ P) relation straight line, wherein v is ordinate, and Δ P is horizontal ordinate, obtains the slope k of straight line, then the viscosity of testing liquid
wherein r is the radius of kapillary, L
a, L
bbe respectively the liquid column length of liquid A in kapillary, B, η
a, η
bbe respectively the viscosity of liquid A, B.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the method also comprises the steps:
(2f) at different liquid column length L
a, L
blower repetition step (2d) to (2e), for different L
a, L
bcalculate the viscosities il of testing liquid A respectively
a, and to the multiple viscosities il obtained
aaverage.
5. according to the method for one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, the interior diameter of described kapillary is within the scope of 0.5 μm ~ 1mm.
6. according to the method for one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, described method is implemented in the temperature range of-20 DEG C to 150 DEG C.
7., for implementing the claims the device of one of 1 to 6 described method, this device comprises:
Two fluid reservoirs with opening;
The kapillary of horizontal positioned, the two ends of described kapillary are tightly connected with the sidewall of described fluid reservoir respectively and are in the state of fluid connection with fluid reservoir inside;
For regulating the equipment of the liquid pressure in fluid reservoir;
For measuring the equipment of the liquid pressure at kapillary two ends; And
For measuring the equipment of the liquid flow rate in kapillary.
8. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the interior diameter of described kapillary is within the scope of 0.5 μm ~ 1mm.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410255184.6A CN104865161A (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Method for measuring liquid viscosity by utilization of capillary and device used for method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410255184.6A CN104865161A (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2014-06-10 | Method for measuring liquid viscosity by utilization of capillary and device used for method |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106053294A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-26 | 朱泽斌 | Double-capillary method and device for measuring liquid viscosity |
| CN107727536A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-23 | 东莞市创明电池技术有限公司 | Pulp of lithium ion battery expansion ratio detection method |
| CN107917857A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-04-17 | 常州大学 | Radial capillary pipe rheometer |
| WO2022065369A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Fluid characteristic sensor |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106053294A (en) * | 2016-06-18 | 2016-10-26 | 朱泽斌 | Double-capillary method and device for measuring liquid viscosity |
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| CN107727536A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-23 | 东莞市创明电池技术有限公司 | Pulp of lithium ion battery expansion ratio detection method |
| CN107727536B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-10-18 | 东莞市创明电池技术有限公司 | Pulp of lithium ion battery expansion ratio detection method |
| CN107917857A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-04-17 | 常州大学 | Radial capillary pipe rheometer |
| WO2022065369A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Fluid characteristic sensor |
| JPWO2022065369A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | ||
| JP7332055B2 (en) | 2020-09-28 | 2023-08-23 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Fluid property sensor |
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Application publication date: 20150826 |