CN1053763A - The control method of rate of heat extraction in the model casting - Google Patents

The control method of rate of heat extraction in the model casting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1053763A
CN1053763A CN90108895A CN90108895A CN1053763A CN 1053763 A CN1053763 A CN 1053763A CN 90108895 A CN90108895 A CN 90108895A CN 90108895 A CN90108895 A CN 90108895A CN 1053763 A CN1053763 A CN 1053763A
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Prior art keywords
mould
foundry goods
gas
metal
gap
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CN90108895A
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Chinese (zh)
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唐·阿伦·杜特
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Rio Tinto Alcan International Ltd
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Alcan International Ltd Canada
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method of producing foundry goods, comprise impouring motlten metal in mould, charging as aluminium, motlten metal in the cooling mould until the outer metallic surface cure shrinkage, makes leaving gap between cast(ing) surface and the mold surface, in this gap, inject a kind of thermal conductance gas different with air, thereby the further cooling of foundry goods is controlled, and continues the cooling foundry goods, until it is taken out from mould.

Description

The control method of rate of heat extraction in the model casting
The present invention relates in the molten metal loading impouring mould with the method for its casting.
According to conventional method, the metal casting part is the reusable permanent mould that the molten metal loading impouring is placed the casting case, or in the disposable mould that constitutes by non-bonding or adhesive model medium of impouring.
There has been suggestion in the gap of model media, to feed non-air gas, to improve hot transfer rate.For example, the Canadian patent application that Doutre submitted on May 1st, 1989 has been described a kind of method, and in this method, the air that exists in the gap of non-adhesive model medium usually with the gas displacement of helium and so on is because the thermal conductance of helium is more much higher than air.
The United States Patent (USP) of announcing on June 7th, 1,987 4 749 027 has been described and has been produced in the continuous casting machine of metal tape, motlten metal and the use of moving helium film between the leading edge of casting band.The purpose of using helium is in order to produce one deck gas film between metal and band.
S.Engler and R.Ellerbrok are at " Influence of Various Gas Atmospheres in Some Casting Characteristics in Example Alloy AlSi12.8 ", Giesserie 64(9) 227-230(1977), described in smelting furnace, the neutralization of motlten metal bucket when motlten metal in bucket during the impouring mould, the effect of use argon or other gas in the surrounding atmosphere of motlten metal.The purpose of this gas is in order to reduce metal in fusion and the cooldown rate in the transfer phase.This article has been instructed the pressure that reduces arbitrary gas and has been used the argon replaces air, will reach the reduction cooldown rate, promptly increases the purpose of hardening time.
Japan Patent has openly been described with adding the hot-air air flow for 44-20733 number and has been flow through foundry goods, makes the method for steel ingot cooling.Wherein described for being calculated as and had 1.15m 3The steel casting of volume uses very huge air-flow, as 1500m 3The air stream of/h, and 5m 3The water vapour stream of/h.The weight of this steel ingot is about 9000kg, and the said flow amount is convertible into the air velocity that the 9000kg foundry goods has been used 25000l/min or 2.8 l/min/kg.
The United States Patent (USP) of announcing on October 3rd, 1,967 3 344 840 relates to the direct cooling foundry goods of ingot, has wherein formed shrink space between ingot and mould edge.This space is the typical wide shrink space that forms between mould and the metal in the DC casting, usually in 3.2 to 1.6mm magnitude.In this broad gap, introduce a kind of gas,, can improve conductive heat transfer as helium.
The objective of the invention is, a kind of improved casting method that can be used for various moulds is provided.Term " mould " is understood to include:
(a) " forever " pattern, it is reusable, casts out a large amount of foundry goods, can be by nonmetallic materials, as carbon or graphite, or metal, make as ferrous metal, can process a cavity and many guide grooves that enters this cavity for motlten metal above;
(b) " semipermanent " pattern, it comprises a non-reusable adhesive model dielectric core in permanent mould cavity, wherein this fuse is broken when regaining required foundry goods;
(c) " non-repeated use " pattern, it can be by any model media, and as model sand, keeping together by a kind of binding agent limits the shape of cavity and makes, and wherein mould is broken when regaining required foundry goods.
The present invention relates to the forming method of special-shaped casts, comprise the step of impouring molten metal loading in preferably being coated with the mould of fire-resistant mould coating, cooling and curing metal make it to form foundry goods, and take out foundry goods from mould.According to this features of novelty, the motlten metal in the mould is cooled, and solidifies and contraction up to metal outer, stays the gap between cast(ing) surface and the mold surface.At this moment, between cast(ing) surface and mold surface, inject the gas different, so that the cooldown rate of foundry goods is controlled with the thermal conductance of air.Gas in this gap keeps inactive state substantially, thereby the thermal conductance in the gap can be used for controlling the cooldown rate of foundry goods.This " static substantially " is a kind of state, under this state, and the gas in the gap or static, or flow enough slowly, so that the cooling that a large amount of gas flow cause can not take place substantially.
With regard to one aspect of the present invention, foundry goods is accelerated the following temperature of melt temperature that is cooled to be lower than metal, thereby the speed of taking-up foundry goods is faster than the method that has earlier from mould.
Therefore, the gas different with the thermal conductance of air is injected in this gap of warp-wise, and the thermal conductance in gap can be controlled, and can make the cooldown rate of foundry goods produce bigger variation.For example, when injecting helium, can reduce 30 to 50% the cool time of foundry goods, this shrinkage character on this alloy is decided.Because representing mould quite most circulation timei the cool time of foundry goods, use helium to quicken cooling and can make the set throughput rate in casting station improve 15 to 25% or more.On the other hand, inject the thermal conductance gas lower than air to the local area of mold, this local cooldown rate can be lowered.This method can have sets up rising head (certain position of metal on foundry goods, in this position metal condensation at the latest, and provide other local cure shrinkage on the foundry goods) effect, and need not to provide heavy in section thickness, thereby the solidification rate of rising head section reduced.Multiplely use when having different thermal conductance gas, make the cooldown rate that might change or control the mould different parts, thereby can obtain required useful directionality curing.Therefore, the present invention makes the gross weight that might reduce sticking foundry goods, and therefore increases casting output, promptly increases to comprise the casting finished products of cast gate and rising head and the weight ratio of green casting.
As a kind of thermal conductance gas higher than air, helium is preferred because its inertia, nontoxic, do not corrode with relative more inexpensive.Other high thermal conductance gas is famous with hydrogen and neon, but since the actual use that the safety problem of hydrogen and neon expensive limited them also clearly.Certainly, also might use the gaseous mixture of helium and other non-reacted gas of low thermal conductivity, so that the application of alternative cooldown rate aspect to be provided.As some thermal conductances suitable gas lower, argon gas, sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide can be proposed than air.
The present invention can be used for inner surface and cover or do not cover mould based on the mould coating of refractory material, graphite or other material.The present invention can be used for following mould, and these moulds are during the motlten metal impouring or after the impouring, and its temperature is subjected to additional control, is perhaps controlled by the interior guide groove circulation of temperature control fluid in mould, is perhaps controlled by the fluid around the mould outer surface.
In shape casting of the present invention, the shrink space between ingot and the mould edge is than much smaller in the direct cooling casting.Even in the minimum gap that in the present invention finalizes the design the casting mould, exists, also shockingly find, keep a kind of gas different in the little gap simply with air, just can change the cooldown rate of foundry goods very effectively.
Find shockingly also that according to the present invention the use of modified gas is particularly regulated the surface and is coated with the cooldown rate of foundry goods in the mould of fireproof coating very effective for regulating cooldown rate.In fact have been found that in and introduce helium, the identical value of thermal conductance that this thermal conductance is at the interface returned to exist at the interface with metal/gas/metal according to close clearance of the present invention.Therefore, advantage of the present invention particular importance in the casting relevant with a kind of thermometal/gas/fireproof coating/metal system.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated with following unrestricted example.
Example 1
In this example, use a kind of amalgamation punching block, the size of this punching block is to decide according to the cylindrical sample of casting, is 38 * 152mm, and all gases can be introduced through this hole in the hole that it is 1.6mm that the mould bottom is drilled with a diameter.Stopped up by metal for this hole during preventing casting, the mould bottom cover is with the thick porous insulation refractory felt (Fiber-Fxax) of one deck 13mm.The mould inner surface is coated with the fire-resistant mould primer of one deck commodity (Missouri, USA Kingsville, the mould coatings " Stahlcoat " that Stahl Speciality Company sells).The temperature of mould is by inserting the dark thermocouple monitoring of mould 13mm.The mould temperature was at 340 ℃ when foundry goods was made, and molten metal temperature is at 700 ℃.Used metal is A319, and a kind of aluminium alloy that contains 4.5%Cu is generally used in the permanent mould casting.
Three kinds of tests have been carried out.A kind of be gap between foundry goods and mould by introducing air, a kind of is to introduce helium in this gap, a kind of is that mould is subjected to the convection current cooling by introducing helium to this gap.The helium flow velocity is 50cc/min.
Casting temperature is during cooling by-K type thermocouple monitoring, and this thermocouple inserts on mould in the hole of sample bottom 76mm, and insertion depth is the position that is inserted into corresponding to waiting to cast cylindrical center line.Foundry goods is removed at 400 ℃.
The average result of test is shown in following table 1:
Table 1
Air He He+ convection current cooling
Circulation timei (branch) 4.52 4.01 3.06
Be cooled to 400 ℃ time (branch) 3.76 2.54 2.21
Dead time * (branch) 0.76 1.47 0.85
Make cylindrical average quality (gram) 461 456 453
Per hour foundry goods several 13.3 15.0 19.6
Increment rate (%)-+12.8+48
* from mould, take out to solidify foundry goods and in mould, inject time between the motlten metal again
It will be appreciated that it is inequality using air in the mould gap and using the dead time under the helium situation.This dead time is take out to solidify foundry goods and inject time between the motlten metal again from mould in mould.Separately use helium and when cool off without convection current the dead time longer because with absorbing heat many than with air in helium unit interval cooling period, so take out height when the temperature of mould is used air with the helium ratio behind the foundry goods.Therefore, allow mould be as cold as to pour into the required time of temperature of melt metal longer, because of mould hotter.Mould is blown air continuously thereby mould convection current cooling is provided, can make the very fast dissipation of excessive heat and the dead time is shortened.The convection current cooling can be realized by the electric fan blowing cold air of mould top.
Using a series of alloys, comprise A319, A356,332 and other similar test of the alloy of the alloy of the alloy of a kind of 4.5%Cu of containing, a kind of 11.5%Si of containing and a kind of 99.7%Al of containing in, because of in the metal-cured layer of foundry goods and the gap between the mold walls, supplying with helium rather than air, the increase of cooldown rate and solidification rate can make productive rate increase, when using helium, list increases 6-13%, increase 37-48% when using helium and convection current cooling.
Example 2
Use a flat die, this mould that one cavity and rising head that is of a size of 38mm * 25mm * 152mm that can form the flat specimen that is of a size of 152mm * 152mm * 25mm arranged in this experiment.See through the top and the bottom of mould, " the some apertures of diameter that have 1/16.Mould is coated with the fire-resistant mould primers of commodity (Stahlcoat), and is preheating to 300 ℃.Molten aluminium alloy A319 is poured in the mould cavity in the time of 700 ℃.
Carried out three kinds of tests, a kind of is to pass to air in the gap between foundry goods and mould, and a kind of is to feed helium in this gap, and a kind of is to feed helium and mould is subjected to the convection current cooling in this gap.The helium flow velocity is 100cc/min.The time that feeds helium is (after behind the metal impouring mould about 50 seconds) after rising head solidifies.Foundry goods is removed when being as cold as 400 ℃.
What obtain the results are shown in following table 2.
Table 2
Air He He+ convection current cooling
Circulation timei (branch) 9.14 8.08 7.23
Be as cold as 400 ℃ time (branch) 4.64 3.10 3.05
Dead time (branch) 4.33 4.98 4.18
The average quality of foundry goods (gram) 1,784 1,779 1787
Foundry goods hourly several 6.6 7.4 8.3
Rate of growth (%)-13 26
Last table result shows that when using He, foundry goods is cooled to 400 ℃ of required times than reducing 34% with air.Add convection current when cooling with He and with He in this example, the foundry goods productive rate increases by 13 and 26% respectively.
Example 3
This test is to carry out with example 2 used identical moulds and fireproof coating.
Mould is poured 700 ℃ molten aluminium alloy A319 in its cavity in the time of 300 ℃.
The He flow velocity is 30->5000cc/min.Logical He began after behind the impouring metal 50 seconds.When casting temperature reaches 400 ℃, foundry goods is taken out.
The results are shown in following table 3.
Table 3
Gas Flow velocity (cc/min) Arrive the time of following temperature Quality (g)
550℃ 500℃ 450℃ 400℃
Air He He He He He He -- 30 50 100 2000 5000 5000 67 123 183 262 56 113 156 224 57 90 125 182 60 89 130 178 60 89 122 172 66 82 118 165 57 87 122 168 1751 1749 1769 1809 1763 1797 1793
The result shows that the flow velocity that surpasses 50-100cc/min can not make cooldown rate greatly increase.Higher flow velocity only can cause excessive He to overflow mould, and is unhelpful in shifting heat from foundry goods.
Example 4
When this test should begin logical He if being used for decision, i.e. elapsed time behind the metal introducing mould.
This test is also to carry out with example 2 used identical moulds and fireproof coating (Stahlcoat).
Mould is poured 725 ℃ molten aluminium alloy A319 in its cavity in the time of 300 ℃.
The He flow velocity is 100cc/min.When foundry goods reaches 400 ℃, be removed mould.
The results are shown in table 4.
Table 4
Gas postpones the temporal quality behind the * impouring mould
550℃ 500℃ 450℃ 400℃ (g)
Air N/A 71.3 132 193 282 1769
He 50 seconds 64 93 127 176 1755
He 30 seconds 63 104 149 204 1765
* the impouring metal and begin the ventilation between elapsed time
Therefore, only just began logical He in 30 seconds behind the impouring metal, 50 seconds begin ventilation slowly behind the foundry goods cooling raio impouring metal.It is believed that this is that in the mould that is coated with fire-resistant primer, the skin of metal lacks mechanical strength owing to only just ventilated after 30 seconds, the surface of the compression failure foundry goods of the gas of feeding makes gap enlargement, and this reduces hot transfer rate again conversely.
Yet after 50 seconds, the metal surface is enough strong, can prevent surface breakdown.
Example 5
This pilot demonstration resulting cooldown rate of several gases that changes thermal conductance.
The mould identical with example 2 used in this batch of test.Yet mold surface is coated with graphite paint (the Acheson Aerodag G drystone China ink spray that is provided by the Acheson company of the Brantford of Ontario).350 ℃ of mould temperature.The molten aluminium alloy A319 that temperature is 700 ℃ is by in the impouring mould cavity.The air velocity that feeds to the gap is 100cc/min, and the time that begins to ventilate is behind the impouring metal 30 seconds.Foundry goods is removed when reaching 400 ℃.
The results are shown in following table 5:
Table 5
Time (second) behind the gas impouring metal
550℃ 500℃ 450℃
Air 61 119 199
He 47 76 117
SF 668 136 227
Argon 52 122 208
The above results shows, helium cooling foundry goods is faster than air, and argon cooling raio air is slightly slow, sulfur hexafluoride cooling raio air slowly many.Therefore, select suitable gas, just might control or change the cooldown rate of metal and foundry goods.
Embodiment 6
This test relates to the air intake manifold shape sample that 500 5 lifting V-8 engines of casting are used in industrial mould.Mould is the semipermanent pattern that the evacuated mould casting is used.For this purpose, use the husky core of bonding, the whole dimension of casting finished products is about 150 * 370 * 370mm.Foundry goods is by the heavy 15kg of metal.
Diverse location at mould is provided with some holes.
720-750 ℃ molten aluminium alloy A319 is in 445 ℃ the mould by the impouring mean temperature.Obtain the heavy 15kg of foundry goods, end product foundry goods 8.5kg.
Produce foundry goods by two kinds of methods, a kind of is the method for using in the general factory, injecting gas not, and a kind of is to inject helium when the temperature of foundry goods drops to 540 ℃ in the gap of foundry goods and mould.He is that two strip ventilation bolts through being positioned at the upper and lower mould center feed, and pressure is 20psi; Flow velocity is 0.6l/min.
When using general casting, it is after injecting metal 170 seconds that foundry goods is taken out mould, and mean temperature is 488 ℃.When using above-mentioned logical He method, inject behind the metal and just foundry goods can be as cold as 488 ℃ in average 125 seconds.Be cooled to 488 ℃ of required times and reduced to 125 seconds, reduced 45 seconds from 170 seconds.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of shaping and casting method comprises impouring molten metal loading in being coated with the mould of fire-resistant mould coating, cools off and solidifies this metal forming foundry goods and from mould, to take out foundry goods,
Improvements comprise the motlten metal in the cooling mould, until its outer cure shrinkage, make leaving gap between cast(ing) surface and the mold surface, in this gap, inject a kind of thermal conductance gas different with air, and make the gas in this gap keep static substantially, thereby control the cooldown rate of foundry goods by the thermal conductance in this gap.
2, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described gas is that aperture on the mold walls of adjacent gap formation place feeds.
3,, wherein use the high refrigerating gas of a kind of thermal conductance, thereby the metal cooling is accelerated the productive rate increase of casting method than air according to the method for claim 2.
4, according to the method for claim 2, wherein the gas of different thermal conductivity is injected into the diverse location of unit casting.
5, according to the method for claim 4, wherein the gas of different thermal conductivity is to inject in the mode that energy provider tropism is solidified.
6, be helium according to the gas that the process of claim 1 wherein.
7, according to the method for claim 4, wherein mould also is subjected to the convection current cooling.
8, according to the method for claim 1, the metal that is cast is aluminium or its a kind of alloy.
9, according to the process of claim 1 wherein by guide groove circulation of fluid or the additional temperature control of the realization of the fluid around the circulation mould through mould.
10, according to the method for claim 7, wherein the appearance top blast air to mould makes mould be subjected to additional cooling.
CN90108895A 1989-11-01 1990-11-01 The control method of rate of heat extraction in the model casting Pending CN1053763A (en)

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US43030389A 1989-11-01 1989-11-01
US430,303 1989-11-01
US59519790A 1990-10-10 1990-10-10
US595,197 1990-10-10

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JP (1) JPH05501226A (en)
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CN (1) CN1053763A (en)
AU (1) AU633154B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9007803A (en)
CA (1) CA2071902A1 (en)
CS (1) CS537790A3 (en)
PL (1) PL287583A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991006386A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100429022C (en) * 2002-03-04 2008-10-29 谢许元 Controlled cooling technique for casting roller
CN107309401A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-11-03 安徽安庆市沙氏汽车配件有限公司 A kind of shaped device for automobile counterbalance
CN108555256A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-09-21 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 A kind of devices and methods therefor improving vacuum induction ingot solidification quality

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JP2772765B2 (en) * 1994-10-14 1998-07-09 本田技研工業株式会社 Method of heating casting material for thixocasting
JP2006297413A (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-11-02 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method for producing magnesium alloy ingot
CZ303307B6 (en) * 2010-12-27 2012-07-25 Vysoké ucení technické v Brne Method of and device for providing controlled crystallization and cooling of castings, especially castings of aluminium and alloys thereof
CN102284696A (en) * 2011-05-30 2011-12-21 佛山市南海奔达模具有限公司 Temperature control method of no-riser aluminium-alloy casting mold
JP5595446B2 (en) * 2012-06-06 2014-09-24 株式会社日本製鋼所 Mold equipment for metal injection molding machine

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CH267159A (en) * 1945-03-24 1950-03-15 Philips Nv Process for the production of castings, in particular matrices, from viscous metals and metal alloys.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100429022C (en) * 2002-03-04 2008-10-29 谢许元 Controlled cooling technique for casting roller
CN107309401A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-11-03 安徽安庆市沙氏汽车配件有限公司 A kind of shaped device for automobile counterbalance
CN108555256A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-09-21 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 A kind of devices and methods therefor improving vacuum induction ingot solidification quality

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PL287583A1 (en) 1991-07-15
EP0498808A1 (en) 1992-08-19
CS537790A3 (en) 1992-03-18
CA2071902A1 (en) 1991-05-02
BR9007803A (en) 1992-09-01
KR920703245A (en) 1992-12-17
AU633154B2 (en) 1993-01-21
AU6532890A (en) 1991-05-31
JPH05501226A (en) 1993-03-11

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