CN105375499A - 一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法 - Google Patents

一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法 Download PDF

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CN105375499A
CN105375499A CN201510776278.2A CN201510776278A CN105375499A CN 105375499 A CN105375499 A CN 105375499A CN 201510776278 A CN201510776278 A CN 201510776278A CN 105375499 A CN105375499 A CN 105375499A
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任晓峰
张杨
崔杰
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ZHEJIANG HRV ELECTRIC Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H02J3/386—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the control loops
    • H02P2205/01—Current loop, i.e. comparison of the motor current with a current reference
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法，采集电网三相电压，计算出电网电压锁相角度，并采集定子三相电流；根据定子电流和电网电压锁相角，计算定子电流负序分量在dq上的值；定子电流负序分量值，根据夹角由直角坐标转换到极坐标；转子电压负序分量的dq轴值，根据转子阻抗计算转子电流负序分量的dq值，该分量和实际转子电流dq分量补偿后作为真正电流环的反馈。通过变流器软件算法的改进来抑制定子电流不平衡度，一定范围内能够进行很好的抑制，提高了变流器对整个线路的适应性。不仅可避免耗费大量人力物力寻找并且解决不平衡负载，可延长电机的使用寿命，且可快速解决主控系统报电流不平衡的故障，提供风机发电量。

Description

一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电领域，尤其涉及一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法。
背景技术
随着风力发电新能源领域的飞速发展，风电系统的功能复杂性日益提高，电网、电机适应性及性能方面的要求日益提高。风力发电系统庞大，需要各内部配套设备合理协同工作才能确保整机的可靠有效运行。变流器为风电系统中的关键器件，如何有效的适应不同的发电机，电网系统，线路阻抗等成为该系统能否长期运行的关键因素之一。
在前期施工中，在风机外，需要分别进行的高压侧的线缆铺设和风机变压器的安装连接。在风机内部，变流器的电网进线需要和风机变压器连接，变流器的转子出线需要和发电机的转子连接，变流器的定子出线需要和发电机的定子连接。因此，变流器的负载阻抗包括线路连接电缆，发电机，风机变压器等，如图1所示。待风机上电后，还需考虑风机的电网三相电压是否平衡因素。
在风机正常运行中若出现定子电流不平衡，不仅在线路检测中以负序分量为启动元件的多种保护发生误动作或威胁电网运行，而且会使转子产生附加损耗及发热，从而引起电机整体或局部升温，此外反向磁场产生附加力矩会使电机出现振动。目前，大多是由电网三相电压不平衡引起的定子电流不平衡，这块研究较多而且算法较成熟，基本上各变流器厂家都能在一定程度上抑制定子电流的不平衡度。但是，若电网电压三相平衡，由于负载阻抗不平衡造成的定子电流不平衡，这种情况即使找到不平衡的负载，考虑施工复杂及成本原因也不可能直接设备替换。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法，抑制负载不对称引起的定子电流不平衡问题。
如图2所示，由于系统存在阻抗不平衡，在电网Vg和发电机定子Vs之间存在负序电流，假设i1，若控制变流器，让电机的定子电压中含有一个负序电压，让其产生另一个负序电流i2，如果i1和i2大小相等，方向相反，则在线路上无负序电流的流过，也就抑制了系统的三相电流不平衡值。
本发明提供的一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法，包括如下步骤：
1)采集电网电压Ua，Ub，Uc，计算出电网电压锁相角θ1，采集定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc；
2)利用定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc和电网电压锁相角θ1计算出定子电流负序分量的dq轴值Isd_neg和Isq_neg；
3)根据Isd_neg和Isq_neg，利用其夹角IsTheta_neg由直角坐标转换到极坐标IsAmp_neg；
4)根据IsAmp_neg，IsTheta_neg和电机的定子阻抗，计算定子电压负序分量的极坐标值VsAmp_neg和定子电压负序分量在dq轴上的夹角VsTheta_neg；
5)根据VsAmp_neg和VsTheta_neg，由极坐标变换回直角坐标，得到定子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg；
6)根据电机的匝比和滑差，利用Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg折算到转子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg；
7)分别把Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg经过折算后，与电流环的输出相加，后由32反变换形成调制波以SVPWM的形式输出；
8)根据转子电压负序分量在dq轴上的值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg和转子阻抗，计算出该转子电压负序dq分量在转子上产生的转子电流负序dq分量，记为Ird_neg和Irq_neg，该分量和实际转子电流dq分量补偿后作为电流环的反馈。
定子电流三相不平衡的抑制程度与Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg前馈值有关，若前馈值越大，抑制程度越明显；但前馈值过大会影响本身控制环的调节，为了减少转子电压负序的前馈量对控制环本身造成的影响，做出步骤8)的改进。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过变流器软件算法的改进来抑制定子电流不平衡度，在一定范围内能够进行很好的抑制，提高了变流器对整个线路的适应性。不仅可以避免耗费大量人力物力寻找并且解决不平衡负载，可以延长电机的使用寿命，且可以快速解决主控系统报电流不平衡的故障，提供风机发电量。
附图说明
图1为背景技术中变流器的负载阻抗示意图；
图2为系统存在阻抗不平衡示意图；
图3为本发明的抑制方法步骤图；
图4为转子负序电压前馈环节和转子负序电流的补偿环节示意图；
图5为本发明的抑制方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体图示，进一步阐述本发明。
根据电机的数据手册或者通过测量手段，可以事先获得电机的定子阻抗，转子阻抗，匝比等信息。
当变流器上控制电后，会实时采集电网三相电压值，编码器的ABZ三个脉冲。根据电网电压值，通过内部锁相环控制可以获得电网电网电压的锁相角。另外，根据编码器的ABZ三个脉冲值，可以获得电机的转速和滑差值。
风机的主控系统下发并网指令后，变流器开始运行依次闭合各开关，当定子侧的定子接触器闭合后表示并网完成。并网后采集定子三相电流值，依次运行本实施例提供的一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法的步骤，如图3、图4和图5所示：
1)采集电网电压Ua，Ub，Uc，计算出电网电压锁相角θ1，采集定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc；
2)利用定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc和电网电压锁相角θ1计算出定子电流负序分量的dq轴值Isd_neg和Isq_neg；
3)根据Isd_neg和Isq_neg，利用其夹角IsTheta_neg由直角坐标转换到极坐标IsAmp_neg；
4)根据IsAmp_neg，IsTheta_neg和电机的定子阻抗，计算定子电压负序分量的极坐标值VsAmp_neg和定子电压负序分量在dq轴上的夹角VsTheta_neg；
5)根据VsAmp_neg和VsTheta_neg，由极坐标变换回直角坐标，得到定子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg；
6)根据电机的匝比和滑差，利用Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg折算到转子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg；
7)分别把Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg经过折算后，与电流环的输出相加，后由32反变换形成调制波以SVPWM的形式输出；
定子电流三相不平衡的抑制程度与Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg前馈值有关，若前馈值越大，抑制程度越明显；但是前馈值过大则会影响本身控制环的调节，为了减少转子电压负序的前馈量对控制环本身造成的影响，进一步进行步骤8)的操作，
8)根据转子电压负序分量在dq轴上的值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg和转子阻抗，计算出该转子电压负序dq分量在转子上产生的转子电流负序dq分量，记为Ird_neg和Irq_neg，该分量和实际转子电流dq分量补偿后作为电流环的反馈。
本实施例提供的一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法，通过变流器软件算法的改进来抑制定子电流不平衡度，在一定范围内能够进行很好的抑制，提高了变流器对整个线路的适应性。不仅可以避免耗费大量人力物力寻找并且解决不平衡负载，可以延长电机的使用寿命，且可以快速解决主控系统报电流不平衡的故障，提供风机发电量。

Claims (1)

1.一种双馈风力发电机定子电流不平衡的抑制方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)采集电网电压Ua，Ub，Uc，计算出电网电压锁相角θ1，采集定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc；
2)利用定子电流Isa，Isb，Isc和电网电压锁相角θ1计算出定子电流负序分量的dq轴值Isd_neg和Isq_neg；
3)根据Isd_neg和Isq_neg，利用其夹角IsTheta_neg由直角坐标转换到极坐标IsAmp_neg；
4)根据IsAmp_neg，IsTheta_neg和电机的定子阻抗，计算定子电压负序分量的极坐标值VsAmp_neg和定子电压负序分量在dq轴上的夹角VsTheta_neg；
5)根据VsAmp_neg和VsTheta_neg，由极坐标变换回直角坐标，得到定子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg；
6)根据电机的匝比和滑差，利用Vsd_neg和Vsq_neg折算到转子电压负序分量在dq轴上值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg；
7)分别把Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg经过折算后，与电流环的输出相加，后由32反变换形成调制波以SVPWM的形式输出；
8)根据转子电压负序分量在dq轴上的值Vrd_neg和Vrq_neg和转子阻抗，计算出该转子电压负序dq分量在转子上产生的转子电流负序dq分量，记为Ird_neg和Irq_neg，该分量和实际转子电流dq分量补偿后作为电流环的反馈。
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