CN105370742A - Constant velocity connector and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Constant velocity connector and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105370742A CN105370742A CN201510484624.XA CN201510484624A CN105370742A CN 105370742 A CN105370742 A CN 105370742A CN 201510484624 A CN201510484624 A CN 201510484624A CN 105370742 A CN105370742 A CN 105370742A
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Abstract
The invention provides a constant velocity connector and a manufacturing method thereof. A first constant velocity connector (10) comprises high-hardness layers (30a, 30b) formed by ceramic or metal ceramic on at least one part surface of the inner surface used as an outer ring (16) and the outer surface of an inner ring (18). The high-hardness layers (30a, 30b) can be of a multi-layer structure porosity of which changes in the thickness direction. The porosity can be a value that is larger in the middle (304a and 304b sides of a second layer) of the thickness direction than on the two end sides (302a and 302b sides of a first layer and 306a and 306b sides of a third layer).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to constant velocity joint and the manufacture method thereof of the transmission carrying out torque via torque transmission member between external component and inner member.
Background technique
In the power transmission mechanism of automobile etc., use between passing shaft constant velocity joint each other, transmit rotary driving force from a passing shaft to another passing shaft.Generally, in passing shaft, the constant velocity joint (outside) between live axle and wheel hub of Rzeppa shape, the constant velocity joint (inner side) between differential gear and live axle of tripod-type.
These constant velocity joint have: external component, and itself and a passing shaft link; Inner member, it is located and is fixed on the front end of another passing shaft; And torque transmission member, it is between external component and inner member and carry out transmission of torque.In addition, as the material of constant velocity joint, usually, consider from the viewpoint such as manufacture cost and moldability, adopt steel.
Such as, in the constant velocity joint of Rzeppa shape, external component is formed with the cup-shaped having bottom outlet for inner member interpolation, the outer wall of the bottom of this cup-shaped given prominence to and is formed with the axle portion linked with above-mentioned passing shaft.The inwall of external component is formed multiple 1st ball grooves separated at equal intervals mutually.
Inner member on periphery wall, is provided with the circular of multiple 2nd ball grooves accordingly with above-mentioned 1st ball grooves.Torque transmission member is made up of the multiple balls inserted in the mode that can roll between each above-mentioned 1st ball grooves and the 2nd ball grooves, and the retainer that this ball is namely between the internal surface of external component and the outer surface of inner member keeps.That is, this ball contacts with the 1st ball grooves and the 2nd ball grooves respectively, thus via this ball (torque transmission member), between external component and inner member, carries out transmission of torque.
On the other hand, in the constant velocity joint of tripod-type, external component is the outstanding cup-shaped being formed with axle portion in the same manner as above-mentioned tripod-type, is formed with the multiple track groove separated at equal intervals mutually at the inwall of external component.Inner member is the so-called cross oblique crank Z of the multiple gudgeons having annular portion and give prominence to from the periphery wall of this annular portion.Insert in inner member in external component, be accommodated in respectively in the track groove of external component to make this gudgeon.
Torque transmission member is the roughly toric roller be rotatably embedded on each gudgeon of inner member, and with the inwall sliding contact of track groove.That is, the inner circle wall of roller and the wall contacts of gudgeon, and the contact internal walls of the periphery wall of roller and track groove, thus via this roller (torque transmission member), carry out transmission of torque between external component and inner member.
Therefore, the internal surface (especially the inwall of track groove and the 1st ball grooves) of external component and the outer surface (especially the sidewall of gudgeon and the inwall of the 2nd ball grooves) of inner member are owing to contacting with torque transmission member (roller and ball) and easily producing abrasion.As the means suppressing these abrasion, be known to implement heat treatment to form hardened layer to the internal surface of external component and the outer surface (following, to be also generically and collectively referred to as parts surface) of inner member.
In this hardened layer, the maximum value of hardness determines primarily of the Kohlenstoffgehalt contained by parts surface, and the hardness of the parts surface that therefore can improve by forming this hardened layer exists the limit.In addition, because in parts surface, deviation etc. appears in carbon distribution and quenching temperature, the hardness that result in hardened layer also easily produces deviation.And then this hardened layer deepens along with the degree of depth, that is, along with the inside close to external component or inner member, hardness declines, if exceed effective case depth, then lower than judgement hardness (critical hardness).Therefore, even if form hardened layer at parts surface, if to lower than judging that the position of hardness continues to give the stress produced by transmission of torque, then there is the worry that hardened layer is peeled off.That is, if just form hardened layer at parts surface, then there is the worry that fully cannot suppress above-mentioned abrasion.
In addition, if implement heat treatment to form hardened layer, then external component and inner member produce thermal distortion and dimensional changes.Therefore, in order to obtain the external component of shape expected and inner member, the thermal distortion needing to consider that above-mentioned heat treatment produces in advance and dimensional changes, design accurately the mould of forging processing, the manufacturing process of constant velocity joint becomes complicated.And then as heat treatment, generally carry out high frequency hardening, in this case, the electric power homenergic consumed to obtain hardened layer increases.
Therefore, motion is as follows: substitute steel, forms constant velocity joint to suppress above-mentioned abrasion by potteries such as sialon (Sialon) or silicon nitrides.Pottery is excellent in wear resistance performance, corrosion resistance, insulating properties etc., and compared with above-mentioned hardened layer, intensity when hardness and high temperature is large.Therefore, by adopting pottery as the material of constant velocity joint, parts surface can be made to become the hardness that can suppress above-mentioned abrasion.Such as, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-1940 publication, motion has, and as pottery, forms torque transmission member (ball) by β sialon sintering body.
Summary of the invention
In order to obtain constant velocity joint by pottery, need to carry out shaping by isostatic cool pressing pressurization (CIP) to the powder of pottery, and then, carry out hot isostatic pressing pressurization (HIP) after sintering.In this case, because manufacturing process becomes complicated, therefore worry to manufacture decrease in efficiency, volume production becomes difficulty, and due to by shaping and shape that is that obtain is defined, therefore worries that the degrees of freedom of the shape of constant velocity joint declines.
In addition, if adopt pottery as the material of constant velocity joint, then, compared with adopting the situation of steel, equipment cost and manufacture cost sharp rise.Therefore, the whole each constituting component forming constant velocity joint by pottery is unpractical.But, as motion in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-1940 publication, in the constituting component of constant velocity joint, even if only have torque transmission member to be formed by pottery, be also difficult to the above-mentioned abrasion that abundant suppression component surface produces.
Main purpose of the present invention can with low cost easily and effectively suppress the constant velocity joint of the abrasion produced by transmission of torque for providing.
Other objects of the present invention are for providing the constant velocity joint of excellent in te pins of durability.
Another other objects of the present invention are for providing the manufacture method of above-mentioned constant velocity joint.
According to an embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of constant velocity joint, it possesses: external component; Inner member, inserts in described external component in it; And torque transmission member, it is between described external component and described inner member and carry out transmission of torque, it is characterized in that the parts surface at least any one party as the internal surface of described external component and the outer surface of described inner member possessing with pottery or the ceramet high hardness layer that is main component.Here, main component refers to, the pottery in high hardness layer or ceramic-metallic ratio are roughly more than 80atm%, and this ratio also can be 100atm%.
The high hardness layer that the parts surface of constant velocity joint of the present invention possesses is compared with the hardened layer such as formed by implementing heat treatment to parts surface, the excellences such as wear resistance performance, corrosion resistance, insulating properties, intensity when hardness (resistance to surface pressure) and high temperature is large.Therefore, in this constant velocity joint, even if torque transmission member contacts with the parts surface being provided with high hardness layer, also effectively can suppress to produce abrasion, demonstrate excellent durability.
In addition, due to grinding can be carried out to high hardness layer, therefore after this high hardness layer of formation, the size of inner member and external component can be adjusted.Therefore, do not need to consider the dimensional changes of inner member and external component etc. and the mould of design forging processing accurately in advance, can easily and effectively obtain constant velocity joint.And then, owing to not needing to carry out the heat treatments such as high frequency hardening, therefore, it is possible to reduce the electric power homenergic consumed in the process obtaining constant velocity joint.
In addition, due to external component and inner member can be formed by steel etc., therefore with formed compared with the situation of whole constituting component by pottery or ceramet, the manufacture cost of constant velocity joint can be reduced.And then, such as, due to constant velocity joint can be obtained without the complicated manufacturing process such as the shaping operation based on CIP and HIP, therefore, it is possible to improve the manufacturing efficiency of constant velocity joint and the degrees of freedom of shape and reduce equipment cost.
Therefore, it is possible to low cost easily and effectively suppress the abrasion that produced by transmission of torque, the constant velocity joint of excellent in te pins of durability can be obtained.That is, this constant velocity joint can have low cost concurrently and the advantage of the stupalith such as the advantage of the steel such as moldability excellence and high hardness and excellent wear resistance or cermet material.In addition, as mentioned above, the hardness of parts surface can be made effectively to improve by high hardness layer, correspondingly, even if the volume reducing inner member and external component also can maintain sufficient intensity.Therefore, it is possible to make constant velocity joint miniaturization.
In above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferred described high hardness layer is made up of multi-layer structure.In this case, there is the high hardness layer of the various functions corresponding to the material of constant velocity joint and service condition etc. with can obtaining compound.
In above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferably, the multi-layer structure of described high hardness layer is formed by making the porosity change in a thickness direction, and the porosity of the center side of described thickness direction is larger than the porosity of both end sides.In this case, be formed in the high hardness layer of parts surface, the opposite side near the side of parts surface and the close surface of contact contacted with torque transmission member is formed finer and close compared to center side.Therefore, it is possible to make the hardness of the contact surface side of high hardness layer become the value that effectively can suppress the abrasion produced by transmission of torque.In addition, the parts surface side of high hardness layer and the adhesiveness (close fitting) of parts surface can be improved.
On the other hand, the center side porosity of high hardness layer is large, correspondingly in pore, can keep lubriation material well, can improve the lubriation material hold facility of high hardness layer.Thereby, it is possible to suitably supplying lubriation material forms lubricating film between torque transmission member and high hardness layer, lubrication each other can be maintained thus well.That is, the abrasion of the parts surface being provided with high hardness layer can effectively be suppressed further.In addition, the center side of this high hardness layer is larger than the both end sides porosity, thereby, it is possible to play the function as padded coaming.Therefore, such as, produce resiliently deformable etc. by the center side at high hardness layer, the interface pressure of torque transmission member relative to high hardness layer can be absorbed.Thereby, it is possible to improve the durability of constant velocity joint entirety.
That is, by possessing the high hardness layer of multi-layer structure as described above, and showing more excellent durability, suitably can be achieved the constant velocity joint of long-life.
In above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferably, in the both end sides of described thickness direction, compared with the porosity of the side near described parts surface, the porosity near the opposite side of the surface of contact contacted with described torque transmission member is larger.In this case, can improve the adhesiveness of parts surface and high hardness layer, and via the pore of opposite side near surface of contact, lubriation material easily moves between the pore of the center side of surface of contact and thickness direction.Therefore, it is possible to form high hardness layer securely further on parts surface, and can the lubricity of surface of contact and torque transmission member be maintained well further and improve wear resistance performance.Consequently, can excellent in te pins of durability be obtained and achieve the constant velocity joint of long-life.
In above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferred described high hardness layer is formed by spraying plating.In this case, such as, with formed the situation of high hardness layer by coating or bonding etc. compared with, the selection degrees of freedom of material is high, effectively and accurately can obtain high hardness layer.In addition, such as, by each condition (deposition rate, spraying plating distance, spraying plating temperature etc.) during adjustment spraying plating and as the particle diameter of the particle of material and kind (composition), the high hardness layer of multi-layer structure can easily be formed.
In addition, according to another implementation of the invention, provide a kind of manufacture method of constant velocity joint, this constant velocity joint possesses: external component; Inner member, inserts in described external component in it; And torque transmission member, it is between described external component and described inner member and carry out transmission of torque, the manufacture method of this constant velocity joint has high hardness layer formation process, in this high hardness layer formation process, the parts surface as at least any one party in the internal surface of described external component and the outer surface of described inner member is formed with pottery or the ceramet high hardness layer that is main component.
In the manufacture method of constant velocity joint of the present invention, even if torque transmission member contacts with the parts surface being provided with high hardness layer, also effectively can suppress to produce abrasion, demonstrate excellent durability, can be accomplished the constant velocity joint of long-life.In addition, owing to not needing to carry out the heat treatments such as high frequency hardening, therefore, it is possible to reduce the electric power homenergic consumed in the process obtaining constant velocity joint.
And then, and formed compared with the situation of whole constituting component by pottery or ceramet, the manufacture cost of constant velocity joint can be reduced.And then, such as, owing to not needing through the complicated manufacturing process such as the shaping operation based on CIP and HIP, therefore, it is possible to improve the manufacture efficiency of constant velocity joint and the degrees of freedom of shape and reduce equipment cost.
Therefore, it is possible to low cost easily and effectively suppress the abrasion that produced by transmission of torque, the constant velocity joint of excellent in te pins of durability can be obtained.In addition, the hardness of parts surface can be made effectively to improve by high hardness layer, correspondingly, the sufficient intensity of inner member and external component can be maintained, and make constant velocity joint miniaturization.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferably in described high hardness layer formation process, by spraying plating, described high hardness layer is formed to described parts surface, spraying plating condition is changed, become multi-layer structure to make described high hardness layer.In this case, there is the high hardness layer of the various functions corresponding to the material of constant velocity joint and service condition etc. with can obtaining compound.In addition, because high hardness layer is formed by spraying plating, therefore, such as, with formed the situation of high hardness layer by coating or bonding etc. compared with, the selection degrees of freedom of material is high, effectively and accurately can obtain high hardness layer.In addition, such as, by adjustment deposition rate and as the particle diameter of the particle of material and kind, the high hardness layer of multi-layer structure can easily be formed.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferably in described high hardness layer formation process, make described spraying plating condition with the 1st condition, the 2nd condition, the 3rd condition occur in sequence change, during being set to described 1st condition, form the 1st layer that is piled up in described parts surface, during being set to described 2nd condition, formed from described 1st layer continuously and the porosity than described 1st layer large 2nd layer, during being set to described 3rd condition, formed from described 2nd layer continuously and than described 2nd layer little the 3rd layer of the porosity.In this case, in high hardness layer, can make near the 1st layer of parts surface and the 3rd layer of the 2nd layer of densification be formed as than center side near the surface of contact contacted with torque transmission member.Therefore, it is possible to improve the 1st layer with the adhesiveness of parts surface.In addition, the hardness of the 3rd layer can be made to become the value that effectively can suppress the abrasion produced by transmission of torque.
On the other hand, in the 2nd layer that becomes large making the porosity, in pore, lubriation material can be kept well.Thereby, it is possible to suitably supplying lubriation material forms lubricating film between torque transmission member and the 3rd layer, lubrication each other can be maintained thus well.That is, the abrasion of the parts surface being provided with high hardness layer can effectively be suppressed further.
In addition, the porosity of the 2nd layer than the 1st layer and the 3rd layer large, thus, the 2nd layer of function played as padded coaming.Therefore, torque transmission member is absorbed owing to such as producing resiliently deformable etc. on the 2nd layer relative to the interface pressure of high hardness layer, thereby, it is possible to improve the durability of constant velocity joint entirety.That is, by forming the high hardness layer of multi-layer structure as described above, and demonstrating more excellent durability, suitably can be achieved the constant velocity joint of long-life.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned constant velocity joint, preferably described 1st condition and described 3rd condition are set, with make the porosity of described 3rd layer than described 1st layer large.In this case, the adhesiveness of parts surface and the 1st layer can be improved.In addition, via the pore of the 3rd layer, lubriation material can move between the surface (surface of contact) of the 3rd layer and the pore of the 2nd layer.Therefore, it is possible to form high hardness layer securely further on parts surface, and can the lubricity of surface of contact and torque transmission member be maintained well further and improve wear resistance performance.Consequently, can excellent in te pins of durability be obtained and achieve the constant velocity joint of long-life.
Preferably in the manufacture method of above-mentioned constant velocity joint, also there is grinding process, in this grinding process, grinding is carried out to a part for described high hardness layer.By this grinding, the size of inner member and external component can be adjusted after forming high hardness layer, therefore do not need the mould designing forging processing in advance accurately, can easily and effectively obtain constant velocity joint.
According to the explanation carried out following mode of execution with reference to accompanying drawing, should easily understand above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the important part general profile chart of the power transmission mechanism of the constant velocity joint (the 1st constant velocity joint and the 2nd constant velocity joint) possessing present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of the high hardness layer of the constant velocity joint of Fig. 1 and represents the plotted curve of the thickness of this high hardness layer and the relation of hardness (solid line) and residual compression stress (dot and dash line).
Fig. 3 be the manufacture method of the 2nd constant velocity joint of explanatory drawing 1 outline figure.
Embodiment
Below, about constant velocity joint of the present invention, enumerate preferred embodiment, with the relation of its manufacture method in be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Even if constant velocity joint of the present invention also can be applied each other between the inner side of the power transmitting deice of automobile etc. and the arbitrary passing shaft in outside.Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the example that the Rzeppa shape, the 2nd constant velocity joint 12 that are provided at outside to the 1st constant velocity joint 10 are provided at the tripod-type of inner side is described.
That is, the 1st constant velocity joint 10 is between live axle 14 and wheel hub (not shown), and the 2nd constant velocity joint 12 is between differential gear (not shown) and live axle 14.
First, the structure of the 1st constant velocity joint 10 is described.1st constant velocity joint 10 is made up of outer cup (external component) 16, inner ring (inner member) 18 and ball (torque transmission member) 20 substantially, and these parts are all be made up of such as steel etc.
Outer cup 16 is formed with the cup-shaped having bottom outlet, and its axle portion 21 links integratedly with wheel hub.In outer cup 16 by the internal surface that sphere is formed, be equally spaced formed with such as 6 the 1st ball grooves 22 extended vertically respectively around axle center.
Inner ring 18 on periphery wall, is provided with the circular of multiple 2nd ball grooves 24 in the mode corresponding with above-mentioned 1st ball grooves 22, and be accommodated in the inside of outer cup 16.In addition, inner ring 18 is by an end spline fitted in the hole portion and live axle 14 that are formed at its center.
Ball 20 is disposed of and can rolls singly respectively between the 1st mutually opposing ball grooves 22 and the 2nd ball grooves 24, and the retainer 26 that ball 20 is namely between the internal surface of outer cup 16 and the outer surface of inner ring 18 keeps.This ball 20 by contacting with the 2nd ball grooves 24 with the 1st ball grooves 22 respectively, and carries out transmission of torque between outer cup 16 and inner ring 18.
Between outer cup 16 and live axle 14, the rubber system or resinous joint protective housing 28a with corrugated part are installed.At joint with in protective housing 28a, as lubriation material, be sealed with lubricant composition.
In the 1st constant velocity joint 10, be formed with high hardness layer 30a at the internal surface of outer cup 16, and be formed with high hardness layer 30b at the outer surface of inner ring 18.Details about high hardness layer 30a, 30b carries out describing later.
Next, the structure of the 2nd constant velocity joint 12 is described.2nd constant velocity joint 12 is made up of outer collar members (external component) 32, cross oblique crank Z (inner member) 34 and roller (torque transmission member) 36 substantially, and these parts are all be made up of such as steel etc.
Outer collar members 32 is formed with the cup-shaped having bottom outlet, and its axle portion 37 links integratedly with differential gear.The internal surface of outer collar members 32 is equally spaced formed with such as 3 track groove 38 respectively around axle center.
Multiple gudgeons 42 that cross oblique crank Z 34 has annular portion 40 and gives prominence to from the periphery wall of this annular portion 40.Insert in outer collar members 32 in cross oblique crank Z 34, be accommodated in respectively in track groove 38 to make this gudgeon 42.In addition, annular portion 40 is by the other end jigsaw fit in the hole portion and live axle 14 that are formed at its center.
Roller 36 is that it is circular to be rotatably embedded on gudgeon 42 via multiple rolling element 44, and with the inwall sliding contact of track groove 38.That is, by the inner circle wall of roller 36 and the wall contacts of gudgeon 42 and the contact internal walls of the periphery wall of roller 36 and track groove 38, between outer collar members 32 and cross oblique crank Z 34, transmission of torque is carried out via roller 36.In addition, rolling element 44 can be the rolling bearing such as comprising needle roller, roller etc.
In the same manner as above-mentioned joint protective housing 28a, between outer collar members 32 and live axle 14, in the mode being sealed with lubricant composition therein, joint protective housing 28b is installed.
In the 2nd constant velocity joint 12, be formed with high hardness layer 30a at the internal surface of outer collar members 32, and be formed with high hardness layer 30b at the outer surface of cross oblique crank Z 34.Below, also the internal surface of the outer cup 16 of the 1st constant velocity joint 10 and the internal surface of the outer surface of inner ring 18 and outer collar members 32 and the outer surface of cross oblique crank Z 34 are generically and collectively referred to as parts surface.As shown in Figure 2, high hardness layer 30a, 30b of being formed at this parts surface are made up of the multi-layer structure that the porosity changes in a thickness direction.In the relation of the manufacture method of the constant velocity joint with present embodiment, the structure of high hardness layer 30a, 30b is specifically described.
In the manufacture method of this constant velocity joint, in order to obtain each constituting component of above-mentioned 1st constant velocity joint 10 and the 2nd constant velocity joint 12, forging processing is carried out to the steel implementing heat treatment and lubricated, obtains the formed body of each shape of above-mentioned constituting component.And, carry out following high hardness layer formation process: in these formed bodys, the parts surface as the internal surface of external component (outer cup 16, outer collar members 32) and the outer surface of inner member (inner ring 18, cross oblique crank Z 34) forms high hardness layer 30a, 30b respectively.
The various method such as application of coatings or bonding can carry out the formation of this high hardness layer 30a, 30b, but carry out preferably by spraying plating (plasma spraying or high-speed flame spraying plating etc.).By application spraying plating, the selection degrees of freedom of material can be improved, and can high efficiency and obtain high hardness layer 30a, 30b accurately.In addition, such as, by each condition (deposition rate, spraying plating distance, spraying plating temperature etc.) during adjustment spraying plating and as the particle diameter of the particle of material and kind (composition), high hardness layer 30a, the 30b with the consistency of expectation and the multi-layer structure of the porosity easily can be formed.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the example being formed high hardness layer 30a, 30b by spraying plating is described.As shown in Figure 3, in high hardness layer formation process, spray gun 46 is used to be dissolved and blow to film forming on parts surface by the particle as material.Now, in order to suppress the excessive temperature of external component and inner member to rise, being cooled by not shown cooling way, being no more than such as 100 DEG C to make temperature.As cooling way, can be undertaken by using the known method of the cooling mediums such as cooling water.In addition, in figure 3, the situation of high hardness layer 30a is formed exemplified with the internal surface at the outer collar members 32 as external component.
In high hardness layer formation process, spraying plating condition is changed, the multi-layer structure becoming the porosity in a thickness direction to make high hardness layer 30a, 30b and change.That is, from the parts surface side of high hardness layer 30a, 30b towards surface of contact 48 side contacted with torque transmission member (ball 20, roller 36), make spraying plating condition according to the 1st condition, the 2nd condition, the 3rd condition occur in sequence change.
In high hardness layer 30a, being located at the layer formed during spraying plating condition is the 1st condition is the 1st layer of 302a.Similarly, the layer be located at that spraying plating condition is the 2nd condition, forming during the 3rd condition is respectively the 2nd layer of 304a, the 3rd layer of 306a.In addition, between each layer of the 1st layer of 302a ~ 3rd layer 306a, the mutual porosity and composition change obliquely.Therefore, each layer of high hardness layer 30a not by clear and definite boundary demarcation, but for convenience of explanation, if the position formed by identical spraying plating condition in high hardness layer 30a is 1 layer.
In the same manner as high hardness layer 30a, high hardness layer 30b is also by the 1st layer of 302b formed respectively during the 1st condition, the 2nd condition, the 3rd condition, the 2nd layer of 304b, the 3rd layer of multi-layer structure that 306b is formed.
That is, the side of the close parts surface of each high hardness layer 30a, 30b in the both end sides of thickness direction is formed with the 1st layer of 302a, 302b, is formed with the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b at the opposite side near surface of contact 48.In addition, the 2nd layer of 304a, 304b are respectively between the 1st layer of 302a, 302b and the 3rd layer between 306a, 306b.
Here, high hardness layer 30a and high hardness layer 30b be formed as constituent except the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b different mutually except all the other are identical.Specifically, such as, in order to improve wear resistance performance well especially, the 3rd layer of 306a using comprising WC, the Co of 5 ~ 10atm% of 80 ~ 90atm%, the stuff and other stuff of the CrC of 3 ~ 8atm% is formed as original material.Therefore, in this case, the 3rd layer of 306a is made up of ceramet.On the other hand, such as, in order to realize the balanced of toughness and wear resistance performance, the 3rd layer of 306b using comprising the WC of 70 ~ 90atm%, Co, the CrC of 1 ~ 5atm% of 1 ~ 10atm%, the stuff and other stuff of the Ni of 1 ~ 5atm% formed as original material.That is, the 3rd layer of 306b is also made up of ceramet.
Therefore, below, enumerating the situation forming high hardness layer 30a is that example is described.About high hardness layer 30b, due to can be substantially same with high hardness layer 30a formed, therefore the description thereof will be omitted.
Specifically, in high hardness layer formation process, first, close fitting in order to what especially effectively improve with this parts surface, under the 1st condition reduced as best one can the porosity of the 1st layer of 302a can be made, spraying plating is carried out to parts surface.That is, the 1st condition is set to, and the upper limit of the porosity of the 1st layer of 302a, 302b is 0.5 ~ 3%.
Here, " porosity " calculates based on the mensuration of the porosity utilizing image procossing to carry out of record in " spraying plating engineering handbook " (Japanese spraying plating association publishes the 600th page in January, 2010).That is, the porosity is value as follows: after carrying out mirror ultrafinish to sample section, taken by optical microscope.Carry out 2 value process to the image obtained thus, the area shared in gross area to air cap (such as, black) carries out calculating and obtains this value.Or, the mensuration of the porosity also can be carried out by water seaoning.
The original material of the 1st layer of 302a is such as especially effectively can improve the close fitting mode of the 1st layer of 302a and surface elements to Al
2o
3, FeMn, Cr
2o
3carry out allocating forming.In addition, consider, with the close fitting and impact resistance of parts surface, the thickness of the 1st layer of 302a to be set as less than 100 μm.
Therefore, as mentioned above, about the 1st layer of 302a, by setting the porosity, constituent material, thickness respectively, can effectively prevent high hardness layer 30a from peeling off from parts surface.
Next, under the 2nd condition, spraying plating is carried out to the 1st layer of 302a being deposited in parts surface, to form the porosity the 2nd layer of 304a larger than the 1st layer of 302a.2nd condition is such as set to: the porosity of the 2nd layer of 304a is 2 ~ 5% and is in the scope of the porosity being no more than above-mentioned 1st layer of 302a.Like this, by making the porosity be more than 2%, in the pore of the 2nd layer of 304a, the lubriation materials such as foregoing grease composition can be kept well.
In addition, the 2nd layer of 304a can play the function as padded coaming between the 1st layer of 302a and the 3rd layer 306a.That is, torque transmission member relative to the interface pressure of high hardness layer 30a owing to such as producing resiliently deformable etc. and absorbed on the 2nd layer of 304a.Thereby, it is possible to improve the durability of the whole unit of the 1st constant velocity joint 10 and the 2nd constant velocity joint 12 (following, to be also generically and collectively referred to as constant velocity joint 10,12).In addition, by making the porosity of the 2nd layer of 304a be less than 5%, the impact resistance of high hardness layer 30a can be suitably suppressed to decline.
In order to suppress the stripping of the interlayer of high hardness layer 30a, the material preferably forming the 2nd layer of 304a contains composition total in the 1st layer of 302a and the 3rd layer 306a both sides.As such composition system, enumerate WC
10crC
7ni.In addition, the thickness of the 2nd layer of 304a can be such as the arbitrary value between 10 ~ 50 μm, but more preferably 20 ~ 30 μm.In this case, the lubriation material hold facility of high hardness layer 30a and the balanced of impact resistance can suitably be realized.
Next, under the 3rd condition, spraying plating is carried out to the 2nd layer of 304a, to form the porosity the 3rd layer of 306a large and less than the 2nd layer of 304a than above-mentioned 1st layer of 302a.The porosity that 3rd condition is such as set to the 3rd layer of 306a is 0.5 ~ 2%.In this case, the hardness of the 3rd layer of 306a can be made to be effectively to suppress the value of the abrasion produced by transmission of torque.In addition, via the pore of the 3rd layer of 306a, lubriation material can be made to move between the surface (surface of contact 48) and the pore of the 2nd layer of 304a of the 3rd layer of 306a.
Therefore, such as, during making the action of constant velocity joint 10,12 stop, lubriation material can being remained in the pore of the 2nd layer of 304a effectively from the pore of surface of contact 48 via the 3rd layer of 306a.On the other hand, when constant velocity joint 10,12 action, the in-house lubriation material being held in the 2nd layer of 304a can move to surface of contact 48 via the pore of the 3rd layer of 306a.Consequently, the lubricity of surface of contact 48 and torque transmission member can be maintained further well and improve wear resistance performance.
As mentioned above, the material forming the 3rd layer of 306a is made up of the composition that effectively can improve wear resistance performance and toughness etc.In addition, the thickness of the 3rd layer of 306a is such as preferably 10 ~ 50 μm.In this case, fully can maintain the hardness of the 3rd layer of 306a and effectively suppress the 3rd layer of 306a to peel off from the 2nd layer of 304a.
By above high hardness layer formation process, high hardness layer 30a, 30b can be formed at parts surface.Now, the thickness of the entirety of high hardness layer 30a, 30b is preferably 50 ~ 200 μm, more preferably 70 ~ 100 μm.In addition, the maximum value of the deposition rate (the blowing attached speed of particle) of above-mentioned spray gun 46 also depends on the composition (proportion) of spraying plating mode and particle, such as, carrys out spraying plating Al in the spraying plating of use high-speed flame
2o
3particle when, reach 400 ~ 1000m/ second.Like this, particles collide under ultra high speed, thus, produces work-hardening at parts surface, and define the part of particle and parts surface alloyage affect layer 50.In addition, as shown in the dot and dash line in Fig. 2, residual compression stress can be produced in the inside of high hardness layer 30a, 30b.
Affect layer 50 and residual compression stress by these, also can improve the hardness of the parts surface being formed with high hardness layer 30a, 30b further well and effectively suppress high hardness layer 30a, 30b from the stripping of parts surface.In addition, by adjusting the condition (especially deposition rate) of spraying plating, also suitably can set the size of the thickness and residual compression stress that affect layer 50.
Carry out grinding process, in this grinding process, grinding is carried out to a part of the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b in this high hardness layer 30a, 30b.Thus, by carrying out size adjusting, external component and inner member can be obtained.That is, in above-mentioned high hardness layer formation process, the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b is preferably made to be formed as being equivalent to greatly than above-mentioned preferred thickness the amount of the grinding allowance 20 ~ 80 μm be ground in grinding process.
As mentioned above, in this inner member and external component, after formation high hardness layer 30a, carrying out grinding process can adjust size.Therefore, do not need to design accurately the mould of forging processing in advance, easily and effectively can obtain this inner member and external component.In addition, preferably the surface roughness on the surface (surface of contact 48) of layer 306a of the 3rd after grinding is adjusted to 12.5 ~ 25S.
Next, as mentioned above, by being formed with high hardness layer 30a, 30b and having carried out the external component of size adjusting and inner member carries out appropriately combined, constant velocity joint 10,12 can be obtained.
As mentioned above, high hardness layer 30a, 30b are compared with the hardened layer such as formed by implementing heat treatment to parts surface, be superior in wear resistance performance, corrosion resistance, insulating properties etc., intensity when hardness (resistance to surface pressure) and high temperature is large.Therefore, even if torque transmission member contacts with the parts surface being provided with this high hardness layer 30a, 30b, also can effectively suppress to produce abrasion.
In addition, because external component and inner member can be formed by steel etc., be therefore all by compared with pottery or ceramet situation about being formed with whole constituting component, the manufacture cost of constant velocity joint 10,12 can be reduced.And then, such as, due to constant velocity joint 10,12 can be obtained, therefore, it is possible to improve the degrees of freedom of manufacture efficiency and shape and reduce equipment cost without complicated manufacturing processes such as the shaping operation based on CIP and HIP.
As mentioned above, with low cost easily and effectively suppress the abrasion that produced by transmission of torque, the constant velocity joint 10,12 of excellent in te pins of durability can be obtained.That is, this constant velocity joint 10,12 can have low cost concurrently and the advantage of the stupalith such as the advantage of the steel such as moldability excellence and high hardness and excellent wear resistance or cermet material.In addition, as mentioned above, the hardness of parts surface can be made effectively to improve by high hardness layer 30a, 30b, correspondingly, even if the volume reducing inner member and external component also can maintain sufficient intensity.Therefore, it is possible to make constant velocity joint 10,12 miniaturization.
In addition, as mentioned above, the multi-layer structure of high hardness layer 30a, 30b is formed by making the porosity change in a thickness direction.Further, this porosity is the value that the center side (the 2nd layer of 304a, 304b side) of thickness direction is larger than both end sides (the 1st layer of 302a, 302b side and the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b side).In this case, be formed in high hardness layer 30a, 30b of parts surface, the opposite side (the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b side) near the side (the 1st layer of 302a, 302b side) of parts surface and the close surface of contact 48 contacted with torque transmission member is formed finer and close compared to center side.
Therefore, can be clear and definite by the thickness of high hardness layer 30a, the 30b in Fig. 2 shown in solid line and the relation of hardness, the contact surface side of high hardness layer 30a, 30b and the hardness (compactness) of parts surface side can be improved well.Consequently, effectively can suppress the abrasion produced by transmission of torque, and the adhesiveness (close fitting) of high hardness layer 30a, 30b and parts surface can be improved well.
On the other hand, the center side porosity of high hardness layer 30a, 30b is large, correspondingly in pore, can keep lubriation material well, can improve the lubriation material hold facility of high hardness layer 30a, 30b.Thereby, it is possible at torque transmission member and between high hardness layer 30a, 30b, suitably supplying lubriation material forms lubricating film, can maintain lubrication each other thus well.That is, the abrasion of the parts surface being provided with high hardness layer 30a, 30b can effectively be suppressed further.In addition, the center side of this high hardness layer 30a, 30b is larger than the both end sides porosity, thereby, it is possible to play the function as padded coaming.
Therefore, such as, produce resiliently deformable etc. by the center side at high hardness layer 30a, 30b, the interface pressure of torque transmission member relative to high hardness layer 30a, 30b can be absorbed.Thereby, it is possible to improve the durability of constant velocity joint 10,12 entirety.
That is, by possessing high hardness layer 30a, 30b of multi-layer structure as described above, and showing more excellent durability, suitably can be achieved the constant velocity joint 10,12 of long-life.
In addition, the present invention is not particularly limited in above-mentioned mode of execution, can carry out various distortion in the scope not departing from its main idea.
Such as, in the above-described embodiment, define high hardness layer 30a, 30b at the internal surface of external component and the whole of the outer surface of inner member, but be not particularly limited in this.High hardness layer 30a, 30b only can be located at the position of the necessity in the internal surface of external component and the outer surface of inner member.
In addition, high hardness layer 30a and high hardness layer 30b be formed as constituent except the 3rd layer of 306a, 306b different mutually except all the other are all identical, but be not particularly limited in this.Such as, the various character such as constituent, the porosity, thickness between the 1st layer of 302a ~ 3rd layer 306a can be formed as mutually respectively with the 1st layer of 302b ~ 3rd layer 306b is identical, also can be formed as complete difference.That is, the multi-layer structure of high hardness layer 30a and high hardness layer 30b is not limited to above-mentioned 3 layers, can suitably adjust, to have the various functions corresponding to the material of constant velocity joint 10,12 and service condition etc. with making its compound.And then high hardness layer 30a, 30b also can be single layer structures.
Claims (10)
1. a constant velocity joint (10,12), it possesses: external component (16); Inner member (18), inserts in described external component (16) in it; And torque transmission member (20), it is between described external component (16) and described inner member (18) and carry out transmission of torque, and the feature of this constant velocity joint (10,12) is,
Parts surface as at least any one party in the internal surface of described external component (16) and the outer surface of described inner member (18) possesses with pottery or the ceramet high hardness layer (30a, 30b) that is main component.
2. constant velocity joint according to claim 1 (10,12), is characterized in that,
Described high hardness layer (30a, 30b) is made up of multi-layer structure.
3. constant velocity joint according to claim 2 (10,12), is characterized in that,
The multi-layer structure of described high hardness layer (30a, 30b) is formed by making the porosity change in a thickness direction,
The porosity of the center side of described thickness direction is larger than the porosity of both end sides.
4. constant velocity joint according to claim 3 (10,12), is characterized in that,
In the both end sides of described thickness direction, compared with the porosity of the side near described parts surface, the porosity near the opposite side of the surface of contact (48) contacted with described torque transmission member (20) is larger.
5. the constant velocity joint (10,12) according to any one in Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that,
Described high hardness layer (30a, 30b) is formed by spraying plating.
6. a manufacture method for constant velocity joint (10,12), this constant velocity joint (10,12) possesses: external component (16); Inner member (18), inserts in described external component (16) in it; And torque transmission member (20), it is between described external component (16) and described inner member (18) and carry out transmission of torque, and the feature of the manufacture method of this constant velocity joint (10,12) is,
The manufacture method of this constant velocity joint (10,12) has high hardness layer formation process, in this high hardness layer formation process, the parts surface as at least any one party in the internal surface of described external component (16) and the outer surface of described inner member (18) is formed with pottery or the ceramet high hardness layer (30a, 30b) that is main component.
7. the manufacture method of constant velocity joint according to claim 6 (10,12), is characterized in that,
In described high hardness layer formation process, by spraying plating, described high hardness layer (30a, 30b) is formed to described parts surface, spraying plating condition is changed, become multi-layer structure to make described high hardness layer (30a, 30b).
8. the manufacture method of constant velocity joint according to claim 7 (10,12), is characterized in that,
In described high hardness layer formation process, make described spraying plating condition with the 1st condition, the 2nd condition, the 3rd condition occur in sequence change,
During being set to described 1st condition, formed the 1st layer (302a, 302b) being piled up in described parts surface,
During being set to described 2nd condition, formed from described 1st layer (302a, 302b) continuously and the porosity 2nd layer (304a, 304b) larger than described 1st layer (302a, 302b),
During being set to described 3rd condition, formed from described 2nd layer (304a, 304b) continuously and the porosity 3rd layer (306a, 306b) less than described 2nd layer (304a, 304b).
9. the manufacture method of constant velocity joint according to claim 8 (10,12), is characterized in that,
Described 1st condition and described 3rd condition are set, to make the porosity of described 3rd layer (306a, 306b) larger than described 1st layer (302a, 302b).
10. the manufacture method of the constant velocity joint (10,12) according to any one in claim 6 ~ 9, is characterized in that,
The manufacture method of this constant velocity joint (10,12) also has grinding process, in this grinding process, carries out grinding to a part for described high hardness layer (30a, 30b).
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| JP2014162561A JP6093737B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2014-08-08 | Constant velocity joint and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2014-162561 | 2014-08-08 |
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| CN105370742A true CN105370742A (en) | 2016-03-02 |
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| JP6765231B2 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-10-07 | Ntn株式会社 | Boots for constant velocity universal joints and power transmission structure equipped with these boots |
| JP2020148283A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-17 | Ntn株式会社 | Outside joint member for constant velocity universal joint |
| JP7142593B2 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-09-27 | Ntn株式会社 | Outer joint member for constant velocity universal joint |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001130975A (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-15 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ceramic sliding part |
| US20020119894A1 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2002-08-29 | Kazuhiko Yoshida | Tripod type constant velocity joint and grease for the joint |
| JP2009299838A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Ntn Corp | Tripod type constant velocity universal joint and method of manufacturing member for constant velocity universal joint |
| JP2010196817A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Ntn Corp | Power transmission shaft and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8105172B2 (en) * | 1999-11-09 | 2012-01-31 | Maciag Walter J | Bearing assembly having debris removal system |
| JP2009293728A (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-17 | Ntn Corp | Constant velocity universal joint |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020119894A1 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2002-08-29 | Kazuhiko Yoshida | Tripod type constant velocity joint and grease for the joint |
| JP2001130975A (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-15 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ceramic sliding part |
| JP2009299838A (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-24 | Ntn Corp | Tripod type constant velocity universal joint and method of manufacturing member for constant velocity universal joint |
| JP2010196817A (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Ntn Corp | Power transmission shaft and manufacturing method thereof |
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