CN105369193B - A kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method - Google Patents
A kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105369193B CN105369193B CN201510665805.2A CN201510665805A CN105369193B CN 105369193 B CN105369193 B CN 105369193B CN 201510665805 A CN201510665805 A CN 201510665805A CN 105369193 B CN105369193 B CN 105369193B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing methods, carry out nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating to part before metallic cementation.Compared with prior art, the present invention carries out the pretreatment of nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating to high-carbon steel part before metallic cementation processing, concentration of carbon, biggish distortion of lattice and the more defect for being higher than matrix are formed in surface of workpiece, to be conducive to accelerate metallic atom and carbon atom diffusion, keep metallic cementation more efficient, and makes infiltration layer compact and firm.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical heat treatment methods, especially metal surface metallic cementation heat-treating methods.
Technical background:
Under average operating, the failure multi-source of steel in surface, surface strengthening technology can make material surface ingredient,
Tissue, structure change, and play the role of improving surface property, can be obviously prolonged the materials'use service life.Metallic cementation
It is the common methods of metal parts surface peening.
Metallic cementation is the chemical heat treatment process for penetrating into one or more metallic atoms in metal works surface layer.By metal
Workpiece is placed on containing penetrating into the penetration enhancer of metallic element, is heated to certain temperature, and after keeping appropriate time, penetration enhancer thermal decomposition is produced
The active atomic of raw infiltration metallic element is just adsorbed to workpiece surface, and diffuses into workpiece surface, to change workpiece
Chemical component, tissue and the performance on surface layer.Metallic cementation processing in part is not only penetration enhancer metallic atom and penetrates into steel matrix, and there are also penetration enhancers
Atom coating of stroke carbide or nitride or carbonitride in conjunction with carbon or nitrogen-atoms from matrix, such as chromising, infiltration
Vanadium.The method of metallic cementation mainly has solid process (such as powder packaging method, paste apply infiltration method), liquid processes, and (such as melt-impregnation method melts
Salt electrolysis method, hot dipping etc.) and gas method.Metallic element can individually penetrate into, can also several permeations, can also be with other techniques (such as
Plating, spraying etc.) cooperation progress composite cementation.With infiltration nonmetallic phase ratio, shallowly, infiltration rate is slow for the infiltration layer (or coating) that metallic cementation is formed,
It must generally be diffused at relatively high temperatures.Thus, by the way that kind for the treatment of process makes metallic cementation more efficient and being capable of shape
It to meet harsh working condition requirement is the technical problems to be solved by the invention at fine and close hard firm infiltration layer.
It is salt bath metallic cementation and solid powder method metallic cementation that metal parts metallic cementation, which is studied more, at this stage.
The Chinese patent of Patent No. CN103526154A discloses a kind of chrome alum rare earth multicomponent permeation borax bath infiltration gold
The penetration enhancer and methods for using them of category melts borax in crucible first, then penetration enhancer, reducing agent, activator, rare earth is put into fusing instead
While workpiece should uniformly be preheated, then 900 DEG C -980 DEG C at a temperature of, salt bath processing 2-8 is small in the penetration enhancer
When, then it is tempered.Gained alloying layer thickness is about 0.01mm.Salt bath metallic cementation equipment is simple, homogeneous heating, can directly quench after infiltration
Fire, but working environment is severe, and quality layer is not easy to control, and working efficiency is low.
Solid powder method metallic cementation is used merely, because the metallic element atomic radius as penetration enhancer is larger, infiltration rate is very slow,
And it is easy to influence part quality in infiltration layer and matrix middle of stroke carbon poor layer.Usually way is first to seep in workpiece surface at present
Carbon forms distortion of lattice and carbon profile in workpiece surface, then does metallic cementation processing again.
The Chinese patent of Patent No. CN101033554A discloses a kind of high-carbon steel pin roll vanadizing composite treatment process, first
High-carbon steel is first done into Carburization Treatment, then in high temperature box furnace use solid powder method vanadinizing, 950 DEG C -990 of vanadinizing temperature
DEG C, the vanadinizing time 6-8 hours.Workpiece does isothermal hardening after vanadinizing.Gained alloying layer thickness is 0.01mm-0.02mm.But this side
Method still has the disadvantage that first is that high-carbon carbon content of steel is high, it is not easy to carburizing, second is that carburizing and quenching easily causes part deformation.
Summary of the invention:
Severe in order to solve salt bath metallic cementation working environment in the prior art, quality layer is not easy to control, and working efficiency is low
The problem of lower and high-carbon steel is not easy carburizing, and quenching easily causes part deformation, the present invention provides a kind of high-carbon steel zero
Part surface treatment method.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method carries out nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating to part before metallic cementation.With it is existing
Technology is compared, and the present invention carries out the pretreatment of nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating to high-carbon steel part before metallic cementation processing, in metal works table
Face forms concentration of carbon, biggish distortion of lattice and the more defect for being higher than matrix, to be conducive to accelerate metallic atom and carbon
Atom diffusion, keeps metallic cementation more efficient, and make infiltration layer compact and firm.
Heretofore described high-carbon steel, phosphorus content is greater than 0.60%, wherein it is preferred that bearing steel.
Preferably: part will deoil before pretreatment-nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating and derust；
Preferably: nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating mode is the GN 2 carbon RE co-permeating.
Preferably: the penetration enhancer of the GN 2 carbon RE co-permeating is rare-earth energizer and nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer, the nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer packet
Include ammonia and optionally from one or more of combinations of methanol, ethyl alcohol, propane, methane；And/or the nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer includes first
Amide, triethanolamine, carbamide it is one or more.Rare-earth energizer is dissolved in methanol, ethyl alcohol or formamide, rare-earth energizer
Volume ratio with solvent is 1: 50~1: 200.
Preferably: nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating temperature is 560 DEG C -600 DEG C, and permeation soaking time is 1-5 hours, part after infiltration
In direct oil of quenching.Compared with prior art, nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating carries out at low temperature, avoids the quenching distortion of part.It is excellent
Choosing: part removes surface and oil contaminant and oxidation film after nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating.
Preferably: metallic cementation process carries out in batch-type furnace or the converter being sealed.
Preferably: the element in metallic cementation is one or more of chromium, vanadium, aluminium, boron, zinc.
Preferably: the method for metallic cementation is solid powder method.
Preferably: metallic cementation temperature is 900 DEG C -1100 DEG C, and part and penetration enhancer mass ratio are 0.8: 1-1.5: 1, seeps gold
Belonging to soaking time is 5-12 hours；Dispersing agent, catalyst etc. are mixed in penetration enhancer, part is uniformly mixed with penetration enhancer.
Preferably: further including isothermal hardening after metallic cementation.
Preferably: isothermal hardening part 850 DEG C -920 DEG C of heat preservations 30-60 minutes, 250 DEG C of salt bath quenching liquid temperature -
350 DEG C, cool time 30-60 minute.Compared with prior art, isothermal hardening avoids metallic cementation layer and matrix because thermal stress is drawn
The problem of easy cracking risen.
Preferably: being polished after part isothermal quenching.
Present invention employs above technical schemes, do nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating to part before high-carbon steel part metallic cementation and locate in advance
The defects of managing, piece surface made to form carbon, nitrogen, the concentration gradient of rare earth, distortion of lattice and vacancy, dislocation, in part surface layer shape
At upper state and conducive to the channel of atom diffusion, be conducive to the infiltration of metallic element, under the conditions of same metallic cementation, through nitrogen
The pretreated workpiece of carbon RE co-permeating is significantly improved than not pretreated workpiece alloying layer thickness.It is provided simultaneously for steel matrix surface
Enough carbon, nitrogen-atoms are with stroke carbide, nitride and carbonitride.Further nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating at low temperature into
Row, avoids the quenching distortion of part.Subsequent isothermal hardening avoids metallic cementation layer and matrix because being easy caused by thermal stress
The problem of cracking.The present invention is by cryogenic nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating-metallic cementation-isothermal hardening, and quality layer is easy to control, working efficiency
Height, and the surface hardness of high-carbon steel is greatly improved, avoid deformation and the cracking of quenching.
Specific embodiment:
Comparative example 1: selection GCr15 pole is test material, and bar long 30mm, diameter 8mm deoil and do chromising vanadium after derusting
Processing, 980 DEG C of chromising vanadium temperature keep the temperature 8 hours.
Comparative example 2: selection GCr15 pole is test material, and bar long 30mm, diameter 8mm are put into meshbeltfurnace and do at carburizing
Reason, wherein carburizer is propane, and diluent is methanol, 880 DEG C of carburizing temperature, carbon potential 1.2%.It carburizing time 2 hours, quenches into quenching
In kerosene.After workpiece surface greasy dirt, iron rust are removed, metallic cementation processing is done.Plasma surface alloying process is the same as comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3: selection GCr15 pole is test material, and it is total to be put into well formula the GN 2 carbon by bar long 30mm, diameter 8mm
It seeps furnace and does nitrocarburizing processing, wherein carburizer is methanol, and nitriding medium is ammonia, 570 DEG C of nitrocarburizing temperature, ammonia flow
200L/h.The permeation time 1 hour, in quenching oil of quenching.After workpiece surface greasy dirt, iron rust are removed, metallic cementation processing is done.Seep gold
Belong to technique with comparative example 1.
Embodiment 1: selection GCr15 pole is test material, and it is total to be put into well formula the GN 2 carbon by bar long 30mm, diameter 8mm
It seeps furnace and does nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating, wherein carburizer is methanol, and nitriding medium is ammonia, and rare-earth energizer is dissolved in methanol, and rare earth is urged
The volume ratio of penetration enhancer and methanol be 1: 80,570 DEG C of nitrocarburizing temperature, ammonia flow 200L/h.The permeation time 1 hour, quench into
In quenching oil.After workpiece surface greasy dirt, iron rust are removed, metallic cementation processing is done.Plasma surface alloying process is the same as comparative example 1.
Embodiment 2: selection GCr15 pole is test material, and it is total to be put into well formula the GN 2 carbon by bar long 30mm, diameter 8mm
It seeps furnace and does nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating, wherein carburizer is methane, and nitriding medium is ammonia, and rare-earth energizer is dissolved in methane, and rare earth is urged
The volume ratio of penetration enhancer and methane be 1: 100,580 DEG C of nitrocarburizing temperature, ammonia flow 200L/h.The permeation time 1 hour, quench into
In quenching oil.After workpiece surface greasy dirt, iron rust are removed, metallic cementation processing is done.Plasma surface alloying process is the same as comparative example 1.
In above-described embodiment, the comparison of metallic cementation thickness degree is as follows:
| Test | Metallic cementation thickness degree/mm | Piece surface microhardness/HV |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.005-0.008 | 1500-2000 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.010-0.020 | 2020-2100 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.020-0.025 | 2030-2230 |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.023-0.030 | 2300-2600 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.024-0.032 | 2360-2680 |
As seen from the above table, after the processing of nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating, metallic cementation rate and nitrided layer hardness significantly improve workpiece.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method, characterized by the following steps:
1) nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating；Nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating temperature is 560 DEG C -600 DEG C, and permeation soaking time is 1-5 hours；
2) metallic cementation: temperature is 900 DEG C -1100 DEG C, and the part and penetration enhancer mass ratio that step 1) obtains are 0.8: 1-1.5: 1, is seeped
The metal heat preservation time is 5-12 hours；
3) isothermal hardening: the part that step 2) obtains 850 DEG C -920 DEG C of heat preservations 30-60 minutes, 250 DEG C -350 of quenching liquid temperature
DEG C, cool time 30-60 minute.
2. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: nitrogen carbon RE co-permeating mode
For the GN 2 carbon RE co-permeating.
3. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the GN 2 carbon RE co-permeating
Penetration enhancer be rare-earth energizer and nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer, the nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer includes ammonia and optionally from methanol, ethyl alcohol, propane, first
One or more of combinations of alkane；And/or the nitrogen carbon penetration enhancer include formamide, triethanolamine, carbamide it is one or more.
4. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: rare-earth energizer is dissolved in first
In alcohol, ethyl alcohol or formamide, the volume ratio of rare-earth energizer and solvent is 1: 50~1: 200.
5. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the element in metallic cementation is
One or more of chromium, vanadium, aluminium, boron, zinc.
6. a kind of high-carbon steel piece surface processing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the method for metallic cementation is solid
Body powder method.
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| CN1020762C (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1993-05-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Infultrant for solid rare-earth chemico-thermal treatment |
| CN100554519C (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-10-28 | 陈治贵 | A kind of surface strengthening of long life bearing and lubricating process |
| CN100497746C (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2009-06-10 | 宣碧华 | High-carbon steel pin roll vanadizing composite treatment process |
| CN102061441B (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-09-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for realizing steel surface layer nanocrystallization based on thermal diffusing permeation process |
| CN102864407A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-09 | 天津上热金属科技有限公司 | Rare earth catalyzed nitrocarburizing technology |
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