CN105353102A - Comprehensive effect evaluation method for explosion of thermobaric explosive in semi-closed tunnel - Google Patents
Comprehensive effect evaluation method for explosion of thermobaric explosive in semi-closed tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive effect evaluation method for an explosion of a thermobaric explosive in a semi-closed tunnel. According to the method, a data acquiring method, a measuring point layout method and a data processing method of thermobaric explosion effect description parameters in a closed tunnel environment are determined according to the explosion effect characteristics of the thermobaric explosive in the closed tunnel environment, and then by compairing with a same-mass TNT explosion effect, a comprehensive effect TNT equivalent weight evaluation method for the thermobaric explosive explosion is built. The defect that at present, the explosion effect of the thermobaric explosive is described and evaluated by a single parameter is overcome, the explosion effect of the thermobaric explosive in the semi-closed tunnel environment is comprehensively reflected, an evaluation result is more scientific and reasonable, and the method is suitable for study on a thermobaric explosive formula and evaluation on the explosion effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of appraisal procedure of Baric Explosive effect, particularly relate to temperature and pressure explosive based on generalized TNT equivalent concept in the evaluation method of semi-hermetic tunnel environment implode comprehensive effect.
Background technology
The release of temperature and pressure explosive energy has three stage characteristics, generation is different from the special explosion effect of traditional high explosive, particularly more remarkable to the damage effectiveness of target and biochemical target in airtight, semi-enclosed space, therefore in the development process of temperature and pressure explosive, accurate evaluation Baric Explosive effect, regulate and control the exergonic time-space distribution of Baric Explosive better, the explosion effect of optimal design and control temperature and pressure explosive, has significant engineer applied and is worth.
At present, for the evaluation of Baric Explosive effect, the test of Main Basis GJB5412-200 fuel-air explosive (FAE) class bullet kind explosive parameters and brisance evaluation method, this method is by under free environment, obtain explosive charge positive pressure of shock wave data, with temperature and pressure explosive under uniform impingement crest value and TNT mass ratio, i.e. the blast TNT equivalent of temperature and pressure explosive, characterizes and evaluates the brisance of temperature and pressure explosive.And by Baric Explosive experimental observation and analysis, under semi-hermetic tunnel environment, Baric Explosive produces significant shock wave pressure effect, blast effect, thermal effect, local asphyxia's effect, it is the state of the compound action of a manifold effect, therefore, adopt above-mentioned blast single effect characterization parameter data, reflection temperature and pressure explosive is at the explosion effect of tunnel environment, and evaluation result has imperfection and certain limitation; Simultaneously, it can also be seen that from the use of temperature and pressure ammunition and test findings, the dependence environmental factor that the Energy transmission of temperature and pressure explosive is strong, particularly under airtight, semi-hermetic and free environment condition, the intensity of explosion effect and time space distribution are significantly different, reflecting semi-hermetic tunnel environment with the temperature and pressure explosion effect under free environment, is obviously unscientific, inaccurate.
Summary of the invention
For defect or the deficiency of above-mentioned existing assessment technique, the object of the invention is to, a kind of evaluation method based on the Baric Explosive comprehensive effect of " generalized explosion TNT equivalent " concept is proposed, solve at present for not comprehensive, inaccurate problem that the single explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive Appreciation gist produces, realize the object of temperature and pressure blast manifold effect comprehensive evaluation.
First, the present invention relates to " generalized explosion TNT equivalent " concept, it is the foundation as Baric Explosive Effect Evaluation.This concept and GJB5412-200 fuel-air explosive (FAE) class bullet kind explosive parameters are tested and blast TNT equivalent in brisance evaluation method has similarity, but meaning is different, the ratio of warhead blast TNT equivalent and its charging quality is referred in GJB5412-200 standard, and Baric Explosive TNT equivalent in the present invention, refer under tested temperature and pressure explosive and TNT homogenous quantities condition, the ratio of Baric Explosive effect and TNT explosion effect numerical value.
In order to solve the problem, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
Explode under a kind of temperature and pressure explosive semi-hermetic tunnel environment comprehensive effect evaluation method, the method comprises the steps:
Step one: temperature and pressure explosive tunnel environment explosion effect characterization parameter data capture method;
The explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive mainly comprises blast effect, blast effect, thermal effect, smothering effect, and wherein, blast effect characterization parameter is positive pressure of shock wave peak value, momentum, obtains by the shock wave pressure data processing obtained pressure transducer; Blast effect characterization parameter is blast blast peak value, and the air speed data process obtained by anemoscope obtains; Thermal effect characterization parameter is thermopair response temperature peak value, thermopair surface heat flux, obtains by the response temperature data processing obtained thermocouple sensor; The characterization parameter of smothering effect is relative oxygen consumption wastewater, obtains oxygen content data process obtain by gas analyzer.
Step 2: the layout of test macro;
Baric Explosive Effect Evaluation test unit is blast tunnel, participate in evaluation and electing homogenous quantities temperature and pressure explosive and TNT, be hanging on the axis in blast cross section, tunnel respectively, be greater than 6 times of equivalent diameter positions at tunnel wall and explosion distance to start to arrange pressure transducer, pressure pressure difference transmitter quantity is no less than 6, air speed measuring apparatus Probe arrangement is greater than the position of 1cm in distance tunnel wall, and thermopair, gas analyzer probe are unlikely to as blast fireball and fireball marginal position.
Step 3: the process of measurement data;
After having tested, process test data as follows:
(1) the shock wave data obtained, divided by Sensitivity in Pressure Sensors, obtain shock wave pressure data, and wherein maximal value is positive pressure of shock wave peak value; To the pressure data integration within the malleation time period after process, obtain momentum data.
(2) maximal value in the blast wind speed curve obtained is maximum wind velocity, the blast peak value p of (1 atmospheric pressure, temperature is 15 DEG C) under being scaled standard state according to formula 1
-:
p
-＝v
2/1600……………………………………(1)
In formula: v is measuring wind.
(3) the thermopair response temperature voltage data obtained, contrast thermocouple indexing table, obtain thermopair response temperature data, wherein maximal value is thermopair response temperature peak value, the temperature curve ascent stage is from the slope of the 20%-80% line of maximum temperature, for heating rate, then calculate thermopair surface heat flux q according to formula 2.
In formula: ρ is the density of thermocouple wire,
for the equivalent diameter of even knot, c is the thermal capacitance of thermocouple wire.
for heating rate.
(4) minimum value in the oxygen content data obtained, the oxygen content depressed with normal atmosphere 21% subtracts each other, and obtains relative oxygen content.
Step 4: the TNT equivalent of Baric Explosive effect characterization parameter;
The TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of Baric Explosive effect is calculated according to formula 3:
k
j＝M
WY/M
TNT………………………………………(3)
In formula: k
jthe TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of-temperature and pressure effect;
M
wY-temperature and pressure explosive assessment parameter experimental measurements;
M
tNTwhat parameter assessed by-TNT explosive is experimental measurements.
Step 5: Baric Explosive effect TNT equivalent;
The TNT equivalent of each explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive is calculated according to formula 4:
In formula: K
(x-TNT)the TNT equivalent of-each explosion effect.Wherein x equals P, P respectively
-, T, O
2, represent the TNT equivalent of blast effect, dynamic pressure effect, thermal effect, smothering effect respectively.
Step 6: Baric Explosive comprehensive effect TNT equivalent;
The TNT equivalent of Baric Explosive comprehensive effect is calculated according to formula 5:
In formula: K
tNTthe TNT equivalent of-Baric Explosive comprehensive effect.
M-temperature and pressure explosion effect quantity, M=4;
θ
ithe weight coefficient of-each explosion effect.
The present invention, to the Baric Explosive manifold effect characterization parameter data obtained under tunnel environment, by series of computation method, obtains the comprehensive explosion effect TNT equivalent of temperature and pressure explosive at part-obturated situation.Its evaluation result comprehensively characterizes temperature and pressure explosive and to explode in such circumstances the effect of environment to external world, reflects temperature and pressure explosive brisance in such circumstances really, becomes the technical basis of the research of temperature and pressure explosive formulation and explosion effect evaluation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is temperature and pressure explosive tunnel typical impact wave pressure curve;
Fig. 2 is temperature and pressure explosive tunnel typical heat galvanic couple response temperature curve;
Fig. 3 is temperature and pressure explosive tunnel typical wind speed curve;
Fig. 4 is test blast tunnel formation figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is the temperature and pressure explosive tunnel environment blast comprehensive effect evaluation method based on generalized explosion TNT equivalent concept, evaluates the explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive under manifold effect compound action, specifically comprises the steps:
Step one: temperature and pressure explosive tunnel environment explosion effect characterization parameter data capture method;
The explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive mainly comprises blast effect, blast effect, thermal effect, smothering effect, and wherein, blast effect characterization parameter is positive pressure of shock wave peak value, momentum, obtains by the shock wave pressure data processing obtained pressure transducer; Blast effect characterization parameter is blast blast peak value, and the air speed data process obtained by anemoscope obtains; Thermal effect characterization parameter is thermopair response temperature peak value, thermopair surface heat flux, obtains by the response temperature data processing obtained thermocouple sensor; The characterization parameter of smothering effect is relative oxygen consumption wastewater, obtains oxygen content data process obtain by gas analyzer.
Step 2: the layout of test macro;
Baric Explosive Effect Evaluation test unit is blast tunnel, and the temperature and pressure explosive TNTD equivalent that participates in evaluation and electing should be less than the antiknock ability in tunnel; Participate in evaluation and electing homogenous quantities temperature and pressure explosive and TNT, is hanging to respectively on the axis in blast cross section, tunnel.
Approximate 6 times of equivalent diameter positions at tunnel wall and explosion distance, explosion wave basically forms plane wave, and in cross section, tunnel, upward pressure is roughly the same, and from then on position starts to arrange pressure transducer at wall, and quantity is no less than 6.
Due to the impact that wall flows on air, air speed measuring apparatus Probe arrangement is greater than the position of 5cm in distance tunnel wall.
With fireball adjacent edges in blast fireball, temperature is higher, and regional oxygen uptake is remarkable, and thermopair, gas analyzer probe should be arranged in TNT fireball marginal position.
Before test, debug and determine that test macro is in normal operating conditions.
Step 3: the process of measurement data;
(1) the shock wave data obtained, divided by Sensitivity in Pressure Sensors, obtain shock wave pressure data, and wherein maximal value is positive pressure of shock wave peak value, and unit is MPa; Shock wave pressure data is integration within the malleation time period, obtains momentum, and unit is MPas.
(2) exploding maximal value in wind speed curve, is maximum wind velocity, the blast peak value of (air pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 15 DEG C) under being scaled standard state according to formula 1:
p
-＝v
2/1600……………………………………(1)
In formula: p
-for blast peak value, unit is kPa, v is wind speed, unit m/s.
(3) the thermopair response temperature voltage data obtained, contrast thermocouple indexing table, obtain thermopair response temperature data, wherein maximal value is thermopair response temperature peak value, the temperature curve ascent stage is from the slope of the 20%-80% line of maximum temperature, for heating rate, then calculate thermopair surface heat flux according to formula 2.
In formula: ρ is the density of thermocouple wire,
for the equivalent diameter of even knot, c is the thermal capacitance of thermocouple wire.
for heating rate.
(4) minimum value in the oxygen content data obtained, the oxygen content depressed with normal atmosphere 21% subtracts each other, and obtains relative oxygen content.
Step 4: the TNT equivalent calculation of Baric Explosive effect characterization parameter;
The TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of Baric Explosive effect is calculated according to formula 3:
k
i＝M
WY/M
TNT……………………………………(3)
In formula: k
jthe TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of-temperature and pressure effect;
M
wYparameter experimental measurements respectively assessed by-temperature and pressure explosive;
M
tNTwhat parameter respectively assessed by-TNT explosive is experimental measurements.
Wherein, for the TNT equivalent calculation of positive pressure of shock wave peak value, momentum, calculate according to experimental formula in the method in GJB5412-200 and momentum experimental formula, first the shock wave peak value of each for TNT measuring point, momentum are substituted into experimental formula respectively, obtain the factor v of each experimental formula of TNT explosive, then the measured value of each for temperature and pressure explosive measuring point is substituted into experimental formula respectively, obtaining the equivalent TNT quality of each measuring point of temperature and pressure explosive, is temperature and pressure Explosive Shock Wave peak overpressure, momentum TNT equivalent with TNT mass ratio.The TNT equivalent of other parameter calculates according to formula 3.
Step 5: Baric Explosive effect TNT equivalent;
The unit of Baric Explosive effect characterization parameter is different, physical significance is also different, does not have relevance each other, the relation between the characterization parameter of the therefore each explosion effect of temperature and pressure, can represent by logical "or", the computation model of its " TNT " equivalent as shown in Equation 4:
In formula: K
(x-TNT)the TNT equivalent of-each explosion effect.Wherein x equals P, P respectively
-, T, O
2, represent the TNT equivalent of blast effect, dynamic pressure effect, thermal effect, smothering effect respectively.
The quantity of N-each explosion effect characterization parameter; Wherein blast effect, thermal effect characterize ginseng
The quantity of amount is respectively 2, and the quantity of dynamic pressure, each characterization parameter of thermal effect is 1.
ε
i-each explosion effect characterization parameter weight coefficient in index system.
In Baric Explosive effective matrix system, each effect characterization parameter reflects the different characteristic of explosion effect from different sides respectively, and therefore in each effect characteristic index system, importance is identical, and namely weight is identical.Therefore, the weight of blast effect, thermal effect characterization parameter is respectively 1/2, and the weight of dynamic pressure, each characterization parameter of thermal effect is 1.
Step 6: Baric Explosive comprehensive effect TNT equivalent;
Because the blast effect of temperature and pressure blast, blast effect, thermal effect, smothering effect represent the effect to surrounding environment or medium after blast respectively, each effect unit is different, physical significance is also different, there is no relevance each other, therefore temperature and pressure explode the relation between each effect, can represent by logical "or", namely the calculating of the TNT equivalent of its blast comprehensive effect is as shown in Equation 5:
In formula: K
tNTthe TNT equivalent of-Baric Explosive comprehensive effect.
M-temperature and pressure explosion effect quantity, M=4;
θ
ithe weight coefficient of-each explosion effect.
Based on the reason identical with step 5, temperature and pressure explode each effect in assessment indicator system according to equal weight process, θ
iequal 1/4.
Embodiment 1:
Inventor according to the method described above, have rated the blast comprehensive effect of formula 1 temperature and pressure explosive under semi-hermetic tunnel environment.
Test blast tunnel width 2m, high 2.5m, top is dome-shaped, tunnel length 80m, shoulders quick-fried ability and is less than 5kgTNT equivalent.Test and appraisal temperature and pressure explosive, TNT are cylindricality, quality 2kg, density 1.85g/cm
3.
Table 1 is instrument and equipment and the state of test use, and table 2-table 5 is test measurement results.
The list of table 1 testing tool equipment state
Table 2 blast effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 3 thermal effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 4 blast effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 5 oxygen consumption effect characterization parameter measurement result
Note: under standard state, content of oxygen in air is 21%.
According to table 2 data and shock wave pressure peak value, momentum experimental formula, the TNT equivalent obtaining formula 1 temperature and pressure Explosive Shock Wave peak overpressure is 1.03, and the TNT equivalent of momentum is 1.10.According to formula 4, the TNT equivalent of blast effect is 1.065.
According to table 3 data, 6.3m, 8.4m place thermopair response temperature TNT equivalent equals 1.86, and heat flow density TNT equivalent is 5.72.According to formula 4, the TNT equivalent of thermal effect is 3.79.
According to table 4 data, 1 temperature and pressure explosive blast effect TNT equivalent of filling a prescription is 2.18.
According to table 5 data, 1 temperature and pressure explosive smothering effect TNT equivalent of filling a prescription is 1.18.
According to formula 5,1 Baric Explosive comprehensive effect TNT equivalent of filling a prescription is 2.05.
Embodiment 2:
Inventor according to the method described above, have rated the blast comprehensive effect of formula 2 temperature and pressure explosive under semi-hermetic tunnel environment.
Test blast tunnel is identical with example 1.Test and appraisal formula 2 temperature and pressure explosive is cylindricality, quality 2kg, density 1.88g/cm
3.
The instrument and equipment that test uses is identical with example 1, and table 6-table 9 is test measurement results.
Table 6 blast effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 7 thermal effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 8 blast effect characterization parameter measurement result
Table 9 oxygen consumption effect characterization parameter measurement result
According to table 6 data and shock wave pressure peak value, momentum experimental formula, the TNT equivalent obtaining temperature and pressure Explosive Shock Wave peak overpressure is 1.15, and the TNT equivalent of momentum is 1.03.According to formula 4, the TNT equivalent of blast effect is 1.09.
According to table 7 data, 6.3m, 8.4m place thermopair response temperature TNT equivalent equals 1.36, and heat flow density TNT equivalent is 2.12.According to formula 4, the TNT equivalent of thermal effect is 1.74.
According to table 8 data, temperature and pressure explosive blast effect TNT equivalent is 1.05.
According to table 9 data, temperature and pressure explosive smothering effect TNT equivalent is 0.94.
According to formula 5, Baric Explosive comprehensive effect TNT equivalent is 1.21.
Comparative formula 1 and formula 2 temperature and pressure explosive evaluation results, 1 comprehensive effect TNT equivalent of filling a prescription approximates 2 times of formula 2, and the comprehensive effect that explodes under tunnel environment is strong, uses under being adapted at tunnel environment.Formula 2 blast comprehensive effect is slightly larger than TNT, and thermal effect, smothering effect are more weak, also need adjustment formula, improve the export ratio of explosion energy in after-combustion process.
Claims (1)
1. a temperature and pressure explosive semi-hermetic tunnel implode comprehensive effect evaluation method, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step one: temperature and pressure explosive tunnel environment explosion effect characterization parameter data capture method;
Baric Explosive effect mainly comprises blast effect, blast effect, thermal effect, smothering effect, and wherein, blast effect characterization parameter is positive pressure of shock wave peak value, momentum, obtains by the shock wave pressure data processing obtained pressure transducer; Blast effect characterization parameter is blast blast peak value, and the air speed data process obtained by anemoscope obtains; Thermal effect characterization parameter is thermopair response temperature peak value, thermopair surface heat flux, obtains by the response temperature data processing obtained thermocouple sensor; The characterization parameter of smothering effect is relative oxygen consumption wastewater, obtains oxygen content data process obtain by gas analyzer;
Step 2: the layout of test macro;
Baric Explosive Effect Evaluation test unit is blast tunnel, participate in evaluation and electing homogenous quantities temperature and pressure explosive and TNT, be hanging to respectively on the axis in blast cross section, tunnel, be greater than 6 times of equivalent diameter positions at tunnel wall and explosion distance and start to arrange pressure transducer, pressure pressure difference transmitter quantity is no less than 6; Air speed measuring apparatus Probe arrangement is greater than the position of 1cm in distance tunnel wall; Thermopair, gas analyzer probe are unlikely to as blast fireball and fireball marginal position;
Step 3: the process of measurement data;
After having tested, process test data as follows:
(1) the shock wave data obtained, divided by Sensitivity in Pressure Sensors, obtain shock wave pressure data, and wherein maximal value is positive pressure of shock wave peak value; To the pressure data integration within the malleation time period after process, obtain momentum data;
(2) maximal value in the blast wind speed curve obtained is maximum wind velocity, the blast P of (air pressure is 1 atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 15 DEG C) under being scaled standard state according to formula 1
-:
p
-＝v
2/1600……………………………………(1)
In formula: v is measuring wind;
(3) the thermopair response temperature voltage data obtained, contrast thermocouple indexing table, obtain thermopair response temperature data, wherein maximal value is thermopair response temperature peak value, the temperature curve ascent stage is from the slope of the 20%-80% line of maximum temperature, for heating rate, then calculate thermopair surface heat flux q according to formula 2;
In formula: ρ is the density of thermocouple wire,
for the equivalent diameter of even knot, c is the thermal capacitance of thermocouple wire;
for heating rate;
(4) minimum value in the oxygen content data obtained, the oxygen content depressed with normal atmosphere 21% subtracts each other, and obtains relative oxygen content;
Step 4: the TNT equivalent of Baric Explosive effect characterization parameter;
The TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of Baric Explosive effect is calculated according to formula 3:
k
j＝M
WY/M
TNT………………………………………(3)
In formula: k
jthe TNT equivalent of each characterization parameter of-temperature and pressure effect;
M
wY-temperature and pressure explosive assessment parameter experimental measurements;
M
tNTwhat parameter assessed by-TNT explosive is experimental measurements;
Step 5: Baric Explosive effect TNT equivalent;
The TNT equivalent of each explosion effect of temperature and pressure explosive is calculated according to formula 4:
In formula: K
(x-TNT)the TNT equivalent of-each explosion effect.Wherein x equals P, P respectively
-, T, O
2time, represent the TNT equivalent of blast effect, dynamic pressure effect, thermal effect, smothering effect respectively;
Step 6: Baric Explosive comprehensive effect TNT equivalent;
The TNT equivalent of Baric Explosive comprehensive effect is calculated according to formula 5:
In formula: K
tNTthe TNT equivalent of-Baric Explosive comprehensive effect;
M-temperature and pressure explosion effect quantity, M=4;
θ
ithe weight coefficient of-each explosion effect.
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