CN105345309B - 一种用于Al‑Cu‑Li系铝锂合金和Al‑Cu系铝合金的焊丝 - Google Patents

一种用于Al‑Cu‑Li系铝锂合金和Al‑Cu系铝合金的焊丝 Download PDF

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CN105345309B
CN105345309B CN201510725807.6A CN201510725807A CN105345309B CN 105345309 B CN105345309 B CN 105345309B CN 201510725807 A CN201510725807 A CN 201510725807A CN 105345309 B CN105345309 B CN 105345309B
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aluminium
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CN105345309A (zh
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陈军洲
何维维
李国爱
郝敏
汝继刚
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY GROUP Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
    • B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于Al‑Cu‑Li系铝锂合金和Al‑Cu系铝合金的焊丝，按质量百分比计，其化学成分组成为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.35～1.00％，Ag：0.1～0.7％，Zn≤0.10％，Mg≤0.05％，Si≤0.06％，Fe≤0.15％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。使用本发明提供的Al‑Cu‑Sc系焊丝熔化焊接Al‑Cu‑Li系铝锂合金和Al‑Cu系铝合金，焊缝组织细密，抗裂性好，接头综合力学性能良好。

Description

一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接材料，具体涉及一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝。
背景技术
由于较低的密度、较高的比强度和比刚度，铝锂合金在诸如航空航天领域获得了人们的关注。近年来，适当降低Li含量，增加Cu含量并添加多元合金化元素发展起来的第三代Al-Cu-Li-X系合金具有优良的耐损伤性能、断裂韧度等良好的综合性能，其中的部分合金已在航空航天领域得到应用。为了进一步实现结构减重，用焊接方式替代铆接已成为高性能铝锂合金应用中的的一个重要趋势。由于熔焊工艺具有操作简便、工艺可实施性以及适用性强、成本低廉等特点，已成为焊接结构的主选方法，但因其熔焊接头强度低、疲劳寿命低、抗腐蚀性能差等因素使应用受到了限制。
为了改善第三代铝锂合金的熔焊性能，众多研究者探索了添加微合金化元素的办法来改善焊接性能。对大量的现有技术的分析表明，在Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金中加入Ag和/或Sc元素可以改善熔焊性能并提高耐蚀性，有的文献报道了以此为基础开发的含银2195、2198、2060等系列合金，俄罗斯开发了含Sc的1424、1441、1469等系列合金。
据报道Al-Cu-Li系合金熔焊时，多采用现有的Al-Mg系焊丝(5556、5654)或者Al-Cu系焊丝(2319、2325)，其中前者可以提高焊缝的耐蚀性及断裂韧度，但焊缝强度及成形性较差，后者可以提高焊缝的强度及成形性能，但容易形成热裂。在焊丝中添加适量的Sc元素则可以起到细化组织提高综合性能的效果，CN103286471A和CN1954959A号中国专利文献公开了Al-Mg-Sc系焊丝，经本发明人大量的研究、观察、试验、分析、对比发现将Sc作为主要添加元素的Al-Cu-Sc系焊丝，可以充分发挥Sc在Al-Cu焊丝中的作用，提高Al-Cu-Li系和Al-Cu系合金的熔焊性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可满足Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金工程化焊接的Al-Cu-Sc系焊丝。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝，按质量百分比计，其化学成分组成为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.35～1.00％，Ag：0.1～0.7％，Zn≤0.10％，Mg≤0.05％，Si≤0.06％，Fe≤0.15％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
所述的一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝的第一优选方案，所述Sc的组成为0.45％。
所述的一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝的第二优选方案，所述Ag的组成为0.10％。
所述的一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝的第三优选方案，所述Ag的组成为0.30％。
所述的一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝的第四优选方案，所述Ag的组成为0.50％。
所述的一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝的第五优选方案，所述Ag的组成为0.70％。
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优异效果：
一、使用本发明提供的Al-Cu-Sc系焊丝熔化焊接Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金，焊缝组织细密，抗裂性好，接头综合力学性能良好。
二、本发明提供的Al-Cu-Sc系焊丝，焊接接头街头综合性能明显提高：1)铝锂合金焊接接头的抗裂性明显增强。采用2A97(Al-Cu-Li系)合金十字试样对接头的抗裂性试验表明，无裂纹产生；2)焊缝组织明显细化。2A97铝锂合金以及ZL205(Al-Cu系)合金的接焊缝晶粒直径在15～25mm左右；3)抗拉强度较2319焊丝的65％至少提高15％。采用自动MIG焊接2A97以及ZL205合金，焊接接头抗拉强度达母材的80％以上(去除焊缝余高)；4)焊接接头的塑性和韧性提高。例如2A97及ZL205合金对接焊缝的延伸率和冲击韧性较2319焊丝提高20％～40％。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了提高焊缝技术强度，同时又尽可能的减少母材塑性的损失，在Al-Cu-Sc焊丝中加入Mn、Ag、Cd、Ti、Zr、V等6种微合金化元素中的任意2～6种进行多元合金化，实现Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金以及Al-Cu系合金熔焊焊缝的合金化，提高焊缝金属强度和焊接接头的抗裂纹敏感性。上述合金化元素的加入，在焊接过程中可以促进Al3(Sc，Zr，Ti)、Al2Ag、Al6Mn、Al20Cu3Mn2、Al10(V，Ti)等金属间化合物的形成，这些化合物相互制约，抑制了熔池中粗大化合物的形成，为熔池的非平衡结晶提供了足够的形核粒子，从而细化焊缝组织，降低了焊缝的裂纹倾向；此外，多元合金的加入提高了铝基体的固溶强化效果并形成细小多元复合颗粒，有效地提高焊缝的强度。
实施例1
本发明Al-Cu-Sc系铝合金焊丝的化学成分按质量百分比计为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.45％，Ag：0.1％，Zn：0.07％，Mg：0.04％，Si：0.05％，Fe：0.14％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
实施例2
本发明Al-Cu-Sc系铝合金焊丝的化学成分按质量百分比计为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.45％，Ag：0.3％，Zn：0.07％，Mg：0.04％，Si：0.05％，Fe：0.14％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
实施例3
本发明Al-Cu-Sc系铝合金焊丝的化学成分按质量百分比计为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.45％，Ag：0.5％，Zn：0.07％，Mg：0.04％，Si：0.05％，Fe：0.14％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
实施例4
本发明Al-Cu-Sc系铝合金焊丝的化学成分按质量百分比计为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.45％，Ag：0.7％，Zn：0.07％，Mg：0.04％，Si：0.05％，Fe：0.14％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
将以上实施例制备的铝合金焊丝作为填充材料，在室温下，采用MIG焊焊接，焊缝X射线检测，焊缝横截面金相组织观察，相关结果如下表所示：
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解，参照上述实施例可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于Al-Cu-Li系铝锂合金和Al-Cu系铝合金的焊丝，其特征在于：按质量百分比计，其化学成分组成为：Cu：5.00％，Sc：0.45％，Ag：0.5％，Zn 0.07％，Mg 0.04％，Si0.05％，Fe 0.14％，其它杂质单个≤0.05％，总量≤0.15％，余量为Al。
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3970907A1 (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-23 Lincoln Global, Inc. Aluminum-based welding electrodes
EP3984690A1 (en) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-20 Lincoln Global, Inc. Aluminum-based welding electrodes

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106334881B (zh) * 2016-10-18 2018-09-07 哈尔滨工业大学 用于飞机铝锂合金机身壁板焊接的焊丝
US11999019B2 (en) 2020-09-22 2024-06-04 Lincoln Global, Inc. Aluminum-based welding electrodes

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CN104785950A (zh) * 2015-04-15 2015-07-22 北京工业大学 一种铝合金激光焊接用Al-Mg-Sc系焊丝

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US5620652A (en) * 1994-05-25 1997-04-15 Ashurst Technology Corporation (Ireland) Limited Aluminum alloys containing scandium with zirconium additions
CN1954959A (zh) * 2006-09-14 2007-05-02 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 Al－Mg－Sc系焊丝
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3970907A1 (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-23 Lincoln Global, Inc. Aluminum-based welding electrodes
EP3984690A1 (en) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-20 Lincoln Global, Inc. Aluminum-based welding electrodes

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