CN105340414A - Method for sorting tobacco seeds by using density of organic media - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for sorting tobacco seeds by using the densities of organic media comprises the following steps: sequentially adding a same batch of tobacco seeds into petroleum ether and chloroform mixed organic media with the densities respectively being 0.7g/ml, 0.8g/ml, 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml and 1.2g/ml, sorting seeds in liquids with different densities by using the buoyancy of the liquids, preserving seeds at the middle portion and at the upper portion, and drying the seeds with different densities obtained after grading in the shade at room temperature to remove liquids on the surfaces of the seeds in order to complete sorting. Seeds with the densities of 1.0-1.2g/ml obtained after sorting are high-quality seeds with clean surfaces, regular germination, high germination vigor and high germination rate. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, fast sorting, and repeated utilization of the organic media; impurities in the sorted seeds are mainly enriched in light and heavy seeds, so the impurities can be easily removed; compared with traditional water sorting, the method has the advantages of easy drying of the seeds, and no influences on the physiological or biochemical performances of the seeds; and compared with traditional winnowing and screening, the method has a more substantial high-quality seed sorting effect.

Description

Utilize the method for organic media density separation tobacco seed

Technical field

The invention belongs to tobacco seed selecting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing organic media density separation tobacco seed.

Background technology

The selected classification of seed can reject impurity in seed, can remove seed that is not full or deterioration, improves the precision grade of seed, and then improves physical purity of seed, germination rate, vigor to greatest extent.Along with the development of the agriculture production technology that becomes more meticulous, the requirement for commercial seed quality is also more and more higher, and seed quality not only has influence on the seed output and quality of agricultural, also has influence on the survival and development of Seed enterprises.

Traditional seed selection by winnowing and screening technique, sharpness of separation is poor, easily causes the mechanical damage of seed, cannot meet the needs of Seed Industry development.Wet concentration or the method for sorting seed by salt water can improve the precision of seed selection, but due to Seed imbibes, will inevitably affect seed physiology biochemical property, affect seed storage, even cause seed to go mouldy.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to the problem for selection by winnowing, screening and wet concentration in the selected classification technique of existing tobacco seed or the needs that cannot meet Seed Industry development of sorting seed by salt water, there is provided a kind of and improve tobacco seed sharpness of separation, from seed, sub-elect energetic, to sprout the high seed of regularity method.

Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of method utilizing organic media density separation tobacco seed, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of separating medium: mixed by benzinum and chloroform, forms density and is respectively 0.7g/ml, 0.8g/ml, 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml, 1.2g/ml liquid organic medium;

(2) seed shatter: results tobacco capsule is carried out airing, is dried to the threshing of seed nature, water content, lower than 6%, screens out capsule scurf, obtains initial naked seed;

(3) density gradient sorting: in a reservoir, is in the liquid organic medium of 0.7g/ml by the density obtaining seed impouring in (2) step and be greater than its 2 times of volumes, fully stirs, leave standstill 5 minutes, seed is divided into 3 layers, takes out the seed of top and middle part density p≤0.7g/ml, places separately; Pour out organic media, container bottom is the seed of density p >0.7g/ml;

(4) step (3) is repeated, bottom seed successively impouring being greater than its 2 times of bulk densities is in 0.8g/ml, 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml, 1.2g/ml liquid organic medium, and the seed of acquisition 0.8g/ml< ρ≤0.9g/ml, 0.9g/ml< ρ≤1.0g/ml, 1.0g/ml< ρ≤1.1g/ml, 1.1g/ml< ρ≤1.2g/ml is placed separately respectively; Pour out organic media, ρ >1.2g/ml seed is sunken to bottom, is also taken out;

(5) organic media is reclaimed: each density organic media used during sorting is through Filter paper filtering, and filtering fine dust or impurity particle, seal and preserve, reusable when next sorting;

(6) dry: the tobacco seed placed separately between each density region is laid in shady and cool ventilation place, 25 ~ 30 DEG C, 2 ~ 3h respectively, and dry in the shade surface liquid, Collection and conservation respectively; Wherein, the seed of density between 1.0g/ml< ρ≤1.1g/ml and 1.1g/ml< ρ≤1.2g/ml be exactly choose energetic, sprout the high elite seed of regularity.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the different densities organic media elite seed method prepared with benzinum and chloroform, replace traditional selection by winnowing or screening seed and with wet concentration or submethod of sorting seed by salt water, benzinum and chloroform can dissolve each other with any ratio, very easily prepare different densities organic media; Benzinum and chloroform all do not dissolve each other with water, mixed organic media not water content substantially, are used for elite seed, and seed can not absorb water from medium, on seed physiology biochemical property without impact; At wet concentration or sort seed by salt water in process, along with the increase of sorting time, seed can absorb moisture, and density increases, and sinks to bottom, affect separating effect, and the organic media method for concentrating of the present invention's employing, and seed can not absorbing medium, can not affect separating effect; Elite seed organic media used is volatile, and seed drying is easy; With the organic media of different densities, can be classified by the different densities of seed, respectively Seed germination is carried out to all kinds of seed, by experiment the optional seed best in quality that goes out to germinate of result; Organic media can remove the surface of the seed dust, improves physical purity of seed.

The method is with low cost, simple to operate, Be very effective, has sizable application and replaces the prospect of conventional sorting methods.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing 1 shows for the density 0.9< ρ≤1.0g/ml cloud and mist 105 seed 5d utilizing the inventive method to sub-elect germinates.

Accompanying drawing 2 shows for the density 1.0g/ml< ρ≤1.2g/ml cloud and mist 105 seed 5d utilizing the inventive method to sub-elect germinates.

Accompanying drawing 3 shows for the density p >1.2g/ml cloud and mist 105 seed 5d utilizing the inventive method to sub-elect germinates.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, such scheme is described further.These embodiments are for illustration of an example of the present invention, are only the part in invention protection domain.

The seed of tobacco bred cloud and mist 105, K326, MS cloud and mist 97, cloud and mist 110 is from the same batch of seed of China Tobacco Seed Yuxi Co., Ltd., and benzinum and chloroform are purchased from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd, and content all >=99%.

embodiment one:

Get cloud and mist 105, K326 tobacco seed after drying, threshing respectively, utilize 16 mesh sieve to screen out the capsule scurf of bulk.

Get above-mentioned 2 variety seeds respectively and carry out following experimental implementation:

Get kind of a 30g, put into 200ml beaker, adding 100ml density is 0.7g/ml organic media solution, abundant stirring 2 minutes, leaves standstill 5 minutes, treats that seed is divided into 3 layers and each layer seed amount no longer changes, take out upper strata and middle level density p≤0.7g/ml seed, be laid in double-layer filter paper, be placed in 2h in ventilating kitchen and, to surperficial no liquid, collect seed and be recorded as ρ _0.7.Poured out by liquid medium in beaker, after Filter paper filtering, secondary reusing is got in the shady and cool place's preservation of sealing ready.

Take out beaker bottom seed, putting into 100ml density is in 0.8g/ml organic media, repeats above sorting step and obtains top, middle part seed, be recorded as ρ _0.8.

Again repeat above step, use density to carry out sorting for 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml, 1.2g/ml organic media respectively, obtain seed and be recorded as ρ respectively _0.9, ρ _1.0, ρ _1.1, ρ _1.2, the seed finally falling within bottom is recorded as ρ _max.

Measure seed quality between each density region, calculate its mass percent.

Get seed between each density region respectively, measure it and germinate and germinate index.

Seed sprouting and germinate index assay method: in culture dish, pad two-layer moistening filter paper, evenly place 100 seeds in each culture dish, and repeat for 3 times, seed is placed in illumination box, 25 DEG C, illumination every day 12h, and duration of germination keeps filter paper moistening.Respectively at the 5th day record potentiality of seed; 7th day record germination rate; Calculate germination index, germination index GI=Σ (G _t/ T _t)) (in formula: G _tfor the germinative number of different time, T _tfor germination number of days, Σ is summation); At the 7th day, 3 of each process were repeated equal Stochastic choice 20 seeds, measure its radicle length, and calculating mean value.

Table 1 density gradient organic media is to the separating effect of tobacco seed

* select impurity in cloud and mist 105 assorting room to account for 1%, K326 impurity and account for 1.5%, impurity concentrates on ρ _0.7,ρ _maxtwo intervals.

For cloud and mist 105 and K326, ρ _1.1and ρ _1.2seed proportion between two density regions is all the highest, and germination vigor, germination rate are also interval far above color density, and reach more than 95%, when the 7th day, radicle length is also the longest, illustrates that between this density region of sub-electing, seed vitality is the highest, best in quality;

ρ _1.0seed proportion takes second place, and germination vigor, germination rate, radicle length etc. are also than ρ _1.1, ρ _1.2two density are low;

Between all the other density regions, seed proportion is less, and germination rate is also undesirable.

Only ρ is retained after sorting _1.1, ρ _1.2seed between these two density regions, can significantly improve percentage of seedgermination, improves seed germination regularity.

contrast experiment

For the beneficial effect that the present invention chooses seeds with tradition is described, spy of the present invention is following two contrast experiments.

contrast experiment one

Get that MS cloud and mist 97 and cloud and mist 110 are dry, threshing seed, utilize conventional air classification, screening comes selected, repeatedly repeat, select to without naked eyes visible foreign, without floater, be defined as CK;

By part CK seed according to embodiment 1 step, only adopt the organic media of 1.0g/ml and 1.2g/ml two density, this part CK is divided into ρ _0.7~ ρ _1.0, ρ _1.1~ ρ _1.2and ρ _maxthe seed in 3 different densities intervals, detects CK, ρ according to seed germination method in embodiment 1 _0.7~ ρ _1.0, ρ _1.1~ ρ _1.2and ρ _maxthe seed sprouting of 3 four groups detects, and result is as table 2.

The effectiveness comparison of table 2 organic media density separation and conventional sorting methods

Result shows, effectively cannot remove ρ by traditional method for concentrating _{0.7 ~}ρ _1.0, ρ _maxtwo interval seeds, and these two interval potentialities of seed, germination rate are all lower, vigor is poor.Density gradient organic media sorting technology accurately can remove ρ _{0.7 ~}ρ _1.0, ρ _maxlow vitality seed between these two density regions, retains ρ _{1.1 ~}ρ _1.2seed, these potentialities of seed, germination rate are obviously higher, are better than CK, illustrate that this method separating effect is obviously better than traditional method for concentrating, can improve tobacco seed quality further.

contrast experiment two

Get each 8g of same lot number not selected cloud and mist 110 seed respectively, in the middle of the liquid organic medium joining benzinum that 50ml clear water and 50ml density are 1.0g/ml and chloroform composition respectively, abundant stirring, treat kind of a sublayering, respectively after standing 0.5h, 3.5h and 12h, take out bottom seed in day part part, dry in the shade to initial moisture content, measure potentiality of seed, germination rate according to method in embodiment 1.

Table 3 clear water and the contrast of organic media separating effect

Result shows, along with the growth of sorting time, clear water sorting bottom seed sprouting is obviously deteriorated, and organic media separating effect is consistent substantially, and 12h percentage of seedgermination is still suitable with 0.5h, and organic media separating effect is better than wet concentration.

Claims (1)

1. utilize the method for organic media density separation tobacco seed, it is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of separating medium: mixed by benzinum and chloroform, forms density and is respectively 0.7g/ml, 0.8g/ml, 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml, 1.2g/ml liquid organic medium;

(2) seed shatter: results tobacco capsule is carried out airing, is dried to the threshing of seed nature, water content, lower than 6%, screens out capsule scurf, obtains initial naked seed;

(3) density gradient sorting: in a reservoir, is in the liquid organic medium of 0.7g/ml by the density obtaining seed impouring in (2) step and be greater than its 2 times of volumes, fully stirs, leave standstill 5 minutes, seed is divided into 3 layers, takes out the seed of top and middle part density p≤0.7g/ml, places separately; Pour out organic media, container bottom is the seed of density p >0.7g/ml;

(4) step (3) is repeated, bottom seed successively impouring being greater than its 2 times of bulk densities is in 0.8g/ml, 0.9g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.1g/ml, 1.2g/ml liquid organic medium, and the seed of acquisition 0.8g/ml< ρ≤0.9g/ml, 0.9g/ml< ρ≤1.0g/ml, 1.0g/ml< ρ≤1.1g/ml, 1.1g/ml< ρ≤1.2g/ml is placed separately respectively; Pour out organic media, ρ >1.2g/ml seed is sunken to bottom, is also taken out;

(5) organic media is reclaimed: each density organic media used during sorting is through Filter paper filtering, and filtering fine dust or impurity particle, seal and preserve, reusable when next sorting;

(6) dry: the tobacco seed placed separately between each density region is laid in shady and cool ventilation place, 25 ~ 30 DEG C, 2 ~ 3h respectively, and dry in the shade surface liquid, Collection and conservation respectively; Wherein, the seed of density between 1.0g/ml< ρ≤1.1g/ml and 1.1g/ml< ρ≤1.2g/ml be exactly choose energetic, sprout the high elite seed of regularity.