CN105335600B - The method and system of the thinning characteristic of polymer solution shear in a kind of acquisition stratum - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法及系统，利用设定测试井的试井参数和预先建立的聚合物驱数学模型得到测试井的井底计算压力，然后将井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，并在拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。可以看出，当拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，表明当前剪切变稀曲线已经很接近真实的地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性，因此，本发明通过反演出地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法，真实的反映出聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征，从而确定地层中聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性，更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。
This application discloses a method and system for obtaining the shear-thinning characteristics of polymer solution in the formation, using the well-testing parameters of the test well and the pre-established polymer flooding mathematical model to obtain the calculated pressure at the bottom of the test well, and then Fit the bottom hole calculated pressure with the pre-obtained bottom hole measured pressure, and when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning of the polymer solution in the formation curve. It can be seen that when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, it indicates that the current shear thinning curve is very close to the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation. Therefore, the present invention inverts the polymer solution in the formation The method of shear thinning characteristics truly reflects the rheological characteristics of polymers in underground porous media, so as to determine the shear thinning characteristics of polymer solutions in formations and better guide the production of polymer flooding.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及油藏开发技术领域，更具体的说，涉及一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of oil reservoir development, and more specifically, relates to a method and a system for obtaining the shear-thinning characteristics of a polymer solution in a formation.
背景技术Background technique
聚合物驱是一种技术较为成熟，并且已经在油田进行大规模工业化应用的化学驱强化采油技术。聚合物驱强化采油的原理为：在注入水中加入大分子聚合物溶液，以增大水的粘度，改善驱替相与被驱替相的流度比，从而提高油田采收率。目前聚合物驱开发中常用的聚合物如聚丙烯酰胺等溶液为宾汉流体，其非牛顿性质表现为剪切变稀特性，即在剪切流动下流体剪切速率越大，有效粘度越小。因此，确定注入的聚合物在地层中的剪切变稀特征和流动的实际有效粘度对聚合物驱的设计和提高采收率具有重要意义。Polymer flooding is a chemical flooding enhanced oil recovery technology that is relatively mature and has been applied on a large scale in oil fields. The principle of enhanced oil recovery by polymer flooding is: adding a macromolecular polymer solution to the injected water to increase the viscosity of the water and improve the mobility ratio of the displacing phase to the displacing phase, thereby increasing oil recovery. At present, the commonly used solutions of polymers such as polyacrylamide in the development of polymer flooding are Bingham fluids, whose non-Newtonian properties are shear thinning characteristics, that is, the greater the shear rate of the fluid under shear flow, the smaller the effective viscosity . Therefore, determining the shear-thinning characteristics of the injected polymer in the formation and the actual effective viscosity of the flow is of great significance for the design of polymer flooding and enhanced oil recovery.
目前油田现场主要通过室内实验获得聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特征，由于实验室环境与地层真实状况的差别，室内实验获得的剪切变稀参数往往与聚合物在地下流动的实际剪切变稀特性有很大出入。因此，目前油田现场迫切需要一种获得真实反映聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征的方法，以确定地层中聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性，从而更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。At present, the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution are mainly obtained through laboratory experiments in the oilfield field. Due to the difference between the laboratory environment and the real situation of the formation, the shear thinning parameters obtained in the laboratory experiments are often different from the actual shear deformation of the polymer flowing underground. Rare properties vary greatly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to obtain a true reflection of the rheological characteristics of polymers in subterranean porous media, so as to determine the shear thinning characteristics of polymer solutions in formations, so as to better guide the production of polymer flooding.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法及系统，以实现对聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征的真实反映，从而更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for obtaining the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation, so as to realize the true reflection of the rheological characteristics of the polymer in the underground porous medium, so as to better guide the process of polymer flooding. Production.
一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法，包括：A method of obtaining shear-thinning properties of a polymer solution in a formation, comprising:
根据连续性方程和达西定律，建立多相、多组分的聚合物驱基本方程；According to the continuity equation and Darcy's law, establish the basic equation of multiphase and multicomponent polymer flooding;
利用表征聚合物表观粘度的剪切变稀因子和表征聚合物地下流变特性的剪切变稀曲线，建立剪切变稀参数模型；The shear thinning parameter model is established by using the shear thinning factor that characterizes the apparent viscosity of the polymer and the shear thinning curve that characterizes the subterranean rheological properties of the polymer;
使用所述剪切变稀参数模型对所述聚合物驱基本方程中水相各组分方程传导率项进行修正，得到聚合物驱数学模型；Using the shear thinning parameter model to correct the conductivity item of each component equation of the water phase in the polymer flooding basic equation to obtain a polymer flooding mathematical model;
设定测试井的试井参数，并选定一组所述试井参数中的数值作为当前试井参数值，所述试井参数包括：预设剪切变稀曲线、地质模型、油藏边界、原始地层压力、流体性质、所述测试井的预设井储常数和预设井筒表皮；Set the well test parameters of the test well, and select a set of values in the well test parameters as the current well test parameter values. The well test parameters include: preset shear thinning curve, geological model, reservoir boundary , original formation pressure, fluid properties, preset well storage constant and preset wellbore skin of the test well;
对所述聚合物驱数学模型进行数值求解或解析求解，并得到所述测试井的井底计算压力；Carrying out numerical solution or analytical solution to the mathematical model of polymer flooding, and obtaining the bottom hole calculation pressure of the test well;
将所述井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，得到拟合结果；Fitting the bottom hole calculated pressure with the pre-obtained bottom hole measured pressure to obtain a fitting result;
若所述拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线；If the fitting result satisfies the preset accuracy requirement, then use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation;
若所述拟合结果不满足所述预设精度要求，则返回重新设定另一组试井参数值，直至拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。If the fitting result does not meet the preset accuracy requirement, return to reset another set of well test parameter values until the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirement, then use the current preset shear thinning curve as the aggregation The shear-thinning curve of the solid solution in the formation.
优选的，所述剪切变稀因子M与所述聚合物表观粘度μeff的关系为：Preferably, the relationship between the shear thinning factor M and the polymer apparent viscosity μ eff is:
M＝(μeff-μw)/(μp-μw)M＝(μ eff -μ w )/(μ p -μ w )
其中，μw为纯水的粘度，μp为静止状态下聚合物溶液的粘度。Among them, μ w is the viscosity of pure water, and μ p is the viscosity of the polymer solution in the static state.
优选的，所述拟合包括：压力史拟合、压力降落或恢复拟合以及压力导数拟合。Preferably, the fitting includes: pressure history fitting, pressure drop or recovery fitting and pressure derivative fitting.
优选的，所述压力导数拟合为对剪切变稀所导致的早期阶段局部压力导数曲线的异常变化拟合。Preferably, the fitting of the pressure derivative is fitting the abnormal change of the local pressure derivative curve in the early stage caused by shear thinning.
优选的，所述压力导数曲线的异常变化包括：曲线变平、下凹和抖动。Preferably, the abnormal changes of the pressure derivative curve include: curve flattening, depression and jitter.
一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的系统，包括：A system for obtaining shear-thinning properties of a polymer solution in a formation, comprising:
基本方程建立单元，用于根据连续性方程和达西定律，建立多相、多组分的聚合物驱基本方程；The basic equation establishment unit is used to establish the basic equation of multiphase and multicomponent polymer flooding according to the continuity equation and Darcy's law;
参数模型建立单元，用于利用表征聚合物表观粘度的剪切变稀因子和表征聚合物地下流变特性的剪切变稀曲线，建立剪切变稀参数模型；A parameter model building unit is used to establish a shear-thinning parameter model by using a shear-thinning factor representing the apparent viscosity of the polymer and a shear-thinning curve representing the subsurface rheological properties of the polymer;
数学模型建立单元，用于使用所述剪切变稀参数模型对所述聚合物驱基本方程中水相各组分方程传导率项进行修正，得到聚合物驱数学模型；The mathematical model building unit is used to use the shear thinning parameter model to modify the conductivity item of the water phase component equation in the basic polymer flooding equation to obtain a polymer flooding mathematical model;
参数设定单元，用于设定测试井的试井参数，并选定一组所述试井参数中的数值作为当前试井参数值，所述试井参数包括：预设剪切变稀曲线、地质模型、油藏边界、原始地层压力、流体性质、所述测试井的预设井储常数和预设井筒表皮；The parameter setting unit is used to set the well test parameters of the test well, and select a set of values in the well test parameters as the current well test parameter values. The well test parameters include: preset shear thinning curve , geological model, reservoir boundary, original formation pressure, fluid properties, preset well reservoir constant and preset wellbore skin for said test well;
井底计算压力获取单元，用于对所述聚合物驱数学模型进行数值求解或解析求解，得到所述测试井的井底计算压力；Bottomhole calculated pressure acquisition unit, used to numerically or analytically solve the polymer flooding mathematical model to obtain the bottomhole calculated pressure of the test well;
拟合单元，用于将所述井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，得到拟合结果；A fitting unit is used to fit the calculated bottomhole pressure with the pre-obtained bottomhole measured pressure to obtain a fitting result;
曲线确定单元，用于若所述拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线；A curve determination unit, configured to use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation if the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements;
返回单元，用于若所述拟合结果不满足所述预设精度要求，则返回所述参数设定单元重新设定另一组试井参数值，直至拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。return unit, for if the fitting result does not meet the preset accuracy requirement, return to the parameter setting unit to reset another set of well test parameter values until the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirement, then Use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation.
优选的，所述剪切变稀因子M与所述聚合物表观粘度μeff的关系为：Preferably, the relationship between the shear thinning factor M and the polymer apparent viscosity μ eff is:
M＝(μeff-μw)/(μp-μw)M＝(μ eff -μ w )/(μ p -μ w )
其中，μw为纯水的粘度，μp为静止状态下聚合物溶液的粘度。Among them, μ w is the viscosity of pure water, and μ p is the viscosity of the polymer solution in the static state.
优选的，所述拟合包括：压力史拟合、压力降落或恢复拟合以及压力导数拟合。Preferably, the fitting includes: pressure history fitting, pressure drop or recovery fitting and pressure derivative fitting.
优选的，所述压力导数拟合为对剪切变稀所导致的早期阶段局部压力导数曲线的异常变化拟合。Preferably, the fitting of the pressure derivative is fitting the abnormal change of the local pressure derivative curve in the early stage caused by shear thinning.
优选的，所述压力导数曲线的异常变化包括：曲线变平、下凹和抖动。Preferably, the abnormal changes of the pressure derivative curve include: curve flattening, depression and jitter.
从上述的技术方案可以看出，本发明提供了一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法及系统，利用设定测试井的试井参数和预先建立的聚合物驱数学模型得到测试井的井底计算压力，然后将井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，并在拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。可以看出，当拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，表明当前剪切变稀曲线已经很接近真实的地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性，因此，本发明通过反演出地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法，真实的反映出聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征，从而确定地层中聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性，更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical scheme that the present invention provides a method and system for obtaining the shear-thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation, which is obtained by setting the well test parameters of the test well and the pre-established polymer flooding mathematical model. Calculate the bottomhole pressure of the test well, then fit the calculated bottomhole pressure with the pre-obtained bottomhole measured pressure, and when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, use the current preset shear thinning curve as the polymer The shear-thinning curve of the solution in the formation. It can be seen that when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, it indicates that the current shear thinning curve is very close to the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation. Therefore, the present invention inverts the polymer solution in the formation The method of shear thinning characteristics truly reflects the rheological characteristics of polymers in underground porous media, so as to determine the shear thinning characteristics of polymer solutions in formations and better guide the production of polymer flooding.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例公开的一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining the shear thinning characteristics of a polymer solution in a formation disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例公开的一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的系统的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for obtaining shear-thinning properties of a polymer solution in a formation disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例公开了一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法及系统，以实现对聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征的剪切变稀数据的真实反映，从而更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method and system for obtaining the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation, so as to realize the true reflection of the shear thinning data of the rheological characteristics of the polymer in the underground porous medium, so as to better Guide the production of polymer flooding.
参加图1，本发明实施例公开的一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法流程图，包括：Referring to Fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for obtaining the shear-thinning properties of polymer solution in the formation disclosed by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
S11、根据连续性方程和达西定律，建立多相、多组分的聚合物驱基本方程；S11. According to the continuity equation and Darcy's law, establish the basic equation of multiphase and multicomponent polymer flooding;
其中，多相包括：油相、水相等，油相包含油组分，水相包含水、聚合物和盐三部分。Among them, the multiphase includes: oil phase and water phase, the oil phase contains oil components, and the water phase contains three parts: water, polymer and salt.
多组分包括：油、水、聚合物和盐。Multiple components include: oil, water, polymers and salts.
连续性方程是质量守恒定律(见质量)在流体力学中的具体表述形式。它的前提是对流体采用连续介质模型，速度和密度都是空间坐标及时间的连续、可微函数。The continuity equation is the specific expression form of the law of conservation of mass (see mass) in fluid mechanics. Its premise is to adopt a continuum model for the fluid, and both velocity and density are continuous and differentiable functions of space coordinates and time.
达西定律是一种反映水在岩土空隙中渗流规律的实验定律。Darcy's law is an experimental law reflecting the law of water seepage in rock-soil voids.
S12、利用表征聚合物表观粘度的剪切变稀因子和表征聚合物地下流变特性的剪切变稀曲线，建立剪切变稀参数模型；S12, using the shear thinning factor representing the apparent viscosity of the polymer and the shear thinning curve representing the subsurface rheological properties of the polymer to establish a shear thinning parameter model;
具体的，剪切变稀因子M与聚合物表观粘度μeff的关系，参见公式(1)：Specifically, the relationship between the shear thinning factor M and the polymer apparent viscosity μ eff , see formula (1):
M＝(μeff-μw)/(μp-μw) (1)M＝(μ eff -μ w )/(μ p -μ w ) (1)
其中，μw为纯水的粘度，μp为静止状态下聚合物溶液的粘度。Among them, μ w is the viscosity of pure water, and μ p is the viscosity of the polymer solution in the static state.
在公式(1)中，剪切变稀因子M的取值范围为0≤M≤1。In the formula (1), the value range of the shear thinning factor M is 0≤M≤1.
由公式(1)可以看出，聚合物溶液在某一速度下的表观粘度可用剪切变稀因子确定。It can be seen from the formula (1) that the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution at a certain speed can be determined by the shear thinning factor.
需要说明的是，本申请中，剪切变稀曲线为剪切变稀因子与水相速度的关系曲线，它描述了聚合物溶液在不同剪切速率下的表观粘度。因此，依据聚合物溶液的剪切变稀曲线即可确定聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性。It should be noted that, in this application, the shear thinning curve is the relationship curve between the shear thinning factor and the velocity of the water phase, which describes the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution at different shear rates. Therefore, the shear-thinning characteristics of the polymer solution can be determined according to the shear-thinning curve of the polymer solution.
其中，本申请规定剪切变稀曲线满足以下特征：在剪切变稀曲线上，随着速度变化，剪切变稀因子应在0-1区间内变化，剪切变稀曲线通过固定点(0,1)。Wherein, the application stipulates that the shear thinning curve satisfies the following characteristics: on the shear thinning curve, as the speed changes, the shear thinning factor should change in the interval of 0-1, and the shear thinning curve passes through a fixed point ( 0,1).
S13、使用所述剪切变稀参数模型对所述聚合物驱基本方程中水相各组分方程传导率项进行修正，得到聚合物驱数学模型；S13. Using the shear-thinning parameter model to correct the conductivity term of each component equation of the water phase in the polymer flooding basic equation to obtain a polymer flooding mathematical model;
需要说明的是，聚合物驱数学模型在求解中速度通常转化为压力来求解，剪切变稀作用下聚合物溶液的粘度是速度的函数，因此也与压力相关。由于聚合物溶液粘度通常与压力存在很强的耦合关系，因此为使迭代收敛，可采用全隐式线性化方法求解。It should be noted that the velocity of the polymer flooding mathematical model is usually converted into pressure to solve, and the viscosity of the polymer solution under the action of shear thinning is a function of velocity, so it is also related to pressure. Since the polymer solution viscosity usually has a strong coupling relationship with the pressure, in order to make iterative convergence, a fully implicit linearization method can be used to solve it.
S14、设定测试井的试井参数，并选定一组所述试井参数中的数值作为当前试井参数值；S14, setting the well testing parameters of the testing well, and selecting a set of values in the well testing parameters as the current well testing parameter values;
具体的，试井参数包括：预设剪切变稀曲线、地质模型、油藏边界、原始地层压力、流体性质、所述测试井的预设井储常数和预设井筒表皮。Specifically, the well test parameters include: preset shear thinning curve, geological model, reservoir boundary, original formation pressure, fluid properties, preset well reservoir constant and preset wellbore skin of the test well.
地质模型——包括地层有效厚度、渗透率、孔隙度、岩石压缩系数等描述油藏地层性质的参数。Geological model—including parameters such as formation effective thickness, permeability, porosity, and rock compressibility coefficient to describe the nature of reservoir formation.
油藏边界——试井分析中求解基本方程组的外边界条件。Reservoir boundary—the outer boundary condition for solving the basic equations in well test analysis.
原始地层压力——试井分析计算时设定的地层压力分布初始值。Original formation pressure—the initial value of formation pressure distribution set during well test analysis and calculation.
流体性质——地下油、水等流体的粘度、地层体积系数随压力变化情况。Fluid properties—the viscosity of fluids such as underground oil and water, and the change of formation volume coefficient with pressure.
井储常数——试井分析中用于描述井筒储集效应的系数。Well Reservoir Constant—a coefficient used in well test analysis to describe the reservoir effect of a wellbore.
井筒表皮——试井分析中用于描述近井地层渗透率变化的系数。Wellbore Skin - A coefficient used in well test analysis to describe the variation in permeability of formations near the wellbore.
S15、对所述聚合物驱数学模型进行数值求解或解析求解，得到所述测试井的井底计算压力；S15. Numerically or analytically solving the mathematical model of polymer flooding to obtain the calculated bottomhole pressure of the test well;
S16、将所述井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，得到拟合结果；S16. Fitting the calculated bottomhole pressure with the pre-obtained bottomhole measured pressure to obtain a fitting result;
其中，拟合包括：压力史拟合、压力降落或恢复拟合以及压力导数拟合。Wherein, the fitting includes: pressure history fitting, pressure drop or recovery fitting and pressure derivative fitting.
需要说明的是，压力导数拟合包括早期阶段压力导数拟合，压力导数曲线的异常变化包括：曲线变平、下凹和抖动。It should be noted that the pressure derivative fitting includes the early stage pressure derivative fitting, and the abnormal changes of the pressure derivative curve include: curve flattening, concave and jitter.
S17、判断所述拟合结果是否满足预设精度要求，如果是，则执行步骤S18；如果否，则返回步骤S14；S17. Judging whether the fitting result satisfies the preset accuracy requirement, if yes, execute step S18; if not, return to step S14;
S18、将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。S18. Use the current preset shear-thinning curve as the shear-thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation.
需要说明的一点是，当拟合结果不满足预设精度要求时，返回步骤S14的目的是重新设定另一组试井参数值，直至拟合结果满足预设精度要求。It should be noted that when the fitting result does not meet the preset accuracy requirement, the purpose of returning to step S14 is to reset another set of well test parameter values until the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirement.
综上可以看出，本发明利用设定测试井的试井参数和预先建立的聚合物驱数学模型得到测试井的井底计算压力，然后将井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，并在拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。可以看出，当拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，表明当前剪切变稀曲线已经很接近真实的地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性，因此，本发明通过反演出地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法，真实的反映出聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征，从而确定地层中聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性，更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。In summary, it can be seen that the present invention utilizes the well test parameters of the set test well and the pre-established polymer flooding mathematical model to obtain the bottom hole calculation pressure of the test well, and then compares the bottom hole calculation pressure with the bottom hole actual measured pressure obtained in advance. Fitting, and when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation. It can be seen that when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, it indicates that the current shear thinning curve is very close to the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation. Therefore, the present invention inverts the polymer solution in the formation The method of shear thinning characteristics truly reflects the rheological characteristics of polymers in underground porous media, so as to determine the shear thinning characteristics of polymer solutions in formations and better guide the production of polymer flooding.
需要说明的一点是，在建立聚合物驱参数模型时，还可以根据实际需要增加除聚合物地下流变特性之外的其它的物化现象的限制条件，其它物化现象包括：聚合物增粘、聚合物吸附、渗透率下降等。It should be noted that when establishing the parameter model of polymer flooding, other physical and chemical phenomena other than subsurface rheological properties of polymers can also be added according to actual needs. Other physical and chemical phenomena include: polymer viscosity increase, polymerization adsorption, permeability decrease, etc.
与上述方法实施例相对应，本发明还公开了一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的系统。Corresponding to the above method embodiments, the present invention also discloses a system for obtaining the shear-thinning property of the polymer solution in the formation.
参见图2，本发明实施例公开的一种获得地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的系统的结构示意图，包括：基本方程建立单元21、参数模型建立单元22、数学模型建立单元23、参数设定单元24、井底计算压力获取单元25、拟合单元26、曲线确定单元27和返回单元28；Referring to Fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a system for obtaining the shear-thinning characteristics of a polymer solution in a formation disclosed by an embodiment of the present invention includes: a basic equation establishment unit 21, a parameter model establishment unit 22, a mathematical model establishment unit 23, and a parameter Setting unit 24, bottom hole calculation pressure acquisition unit 25, fitting unit 26, curve determination unit 27 and return unit 28;
其中：in:
基本方程建立单元21，用于根据连续性方程和达西定律，建立多相、多组分的聚合物驱基本方程；The basic equation establishment unit 21 is used to establish the multiphase and multicomponent polymer flooding basic equation according to the continuity equation and Darcy's law;
其中，多相包括：油相、水相等，油相包含油组分，水相包含水、聚合物和盐三部分。Among them, the multiphase includes: oil phase and water phase, the oil phase contains oil components, and the water phase contains three parts: water, polymer and salt.
多组分包括：油、水、聚合物和盐。Multiple components include: oil, water, polymers and salts.
连续性方程是质量守恒定律(见质量)在流体力学中的具体表述形式。它的前提是对流体采用连续介质模型，速度和密度都是空间坐标及时间的连续、可微函数。The continuity equation is the specific expression form of the law of conservation of mass (see mass) in fluid mechanics. Its premise is to adopt a continuum model for the fluid, and both velocity and density are continuous and differentiable functions of space coordinates and time.
达西定律是一种反映水在岩土空隙中渗流规律的实验定律。Darcy's law is an experimental law reflecting the law of water seepage in rock-soil voids.
参数模型建立单元22，用于利用表征聚合物表观粘度的剪切变稀因子和表征聚合物地下流变特性的剪切变稀曲线，建立剪切变稀参数模型；The parameter model building unit 22 is used to establish a shear-thinning parameter model by using the shear-thinning factor representing the apparent viscosity of the polymer and the shear-thinning curve representing the subsurface rheological properties of the polymer;
具体的，剪切变稀因子M与聚合物表观粘度μeff的关系，参见公式(1)：Specifically, the relationship between the shear thinning factor M and the polymer apparent viscosity μ eff , see formula (1):
M＝(μeff-μw)/(μp-μw) (1)M＝(μ eff -μ w )/(μ p -μ w ) (1)
其中，μw为纯水的粘度，μp为静止状态下聚合物溶液的粘度。Among them, μ w is the viscosity of pure water, and μ p is the viscosity of the polymer solution in the static state.
在公式(1)中，剪切变稀因子M的取值范围为0≤M≤1。In the formula (1), the value range of the shear thinning factor M is 0≤M≤1.
由公式(1)可以看出，聚合物溶液在某一速度下的表观粘度可用剪切变稀因子确定。It can be seen from the formula (1) that the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution at a certain speed can be determined by the shear thinning factor.
需要说明的是，本申请中，剪切变稀曲线为剪切变稀因子与水相速度的关系曲线，它描述了聚合物溶液在不同剪切速率下的表观粘度。因此，依据聚合物溶液的剪切变稀曲线即可确定聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性。It should be noted that, in this application, the shear thinning curve is the relationship curve between the shear thinning factor and the velocity of the water phase, which describes the apparent viscosity of the polymer solution at different shear rates. Therefore, the shear-thinning characteristics of the polymer solution can be determined according to the shear-thinning curve of the polymer solution.
其中，本申请规定剪切变稀曲线满足以下特征：在剪切变稀曲线上，随着速度变化，剪切变稀因子应在0-1区间内变化，剪切变稀曲线通过固定点(0,1)。Wherein, the application stipulates that the shear thinning curve satisfies the following characteristics: on the shear thinning curve, as the speed changes, the shear thinning factor should change in the interval of 0-1, and the shear thinning curve passes through a fixed point ( 0,1).
数学模型建立单元23，用于使用所述剪切变稀参数模型对所述聚合物驱基本方程中水相各组分方程传导率项进行修正，得到聚合物驱数学模型；The mathematical model building unit 23 is used to use the shear thinning parameter model to modify the conductivity item of the water phase component equation in the polymer flooding basic equation to obtain a polymer flooding mathematical model;
需要说明的是，聚合物驱数学模型在求解中速度通常转化为压力来求解，剪切变稀作用下聚合物溶液的粘度是速度的函数，因此也与压力相关。由于聚合物溶液粘度通常与压力存在很强的耦合关系，因此为使迭代收敛，可采用全隐式线性化方法求解。It should be noted that the velocity of the polymer flooding mathematical model is usually converted into pressure to solve, and the viscosity of the polymer solution under the action of shear thinning is a function of velocity, so it is also related to pressure. Since the polymer solution viscosity usually has a strong coupling relationship with the pressure, in order to make iterative convergence, a fully implicit linearization method can be used to solve it.
参数设定单元24，用于设定测试井的试井参数，并选定一组所述试井参数中的数值作为当前试井参数值；The parameter setting unit 24 is used to set the well test parameters of the test well, and select a set of values in the well test parameters as the current well test parameter values;
试井参数包括：预设剪切变稀曲线、地质模型、油藏边界、原始地层压力、流体性质、所述测试井的预设井储常数和预设井筒表皮。The well test parameters include: preset shear thinning curve, geological model, reservoir boundary, original formation pressure, fluid properties, preset well storage constant and preset wellbore skin of the test well.
井底计算压力获取单元25，用于对所述聚合物驱数学模型进行数值求解或解析求解，得到所述测试井的井底计算压力；Bottomhole calculated pressure acquisition unit 25, used to numerically or analytically solve the polymer flooding mathematical model to obtain the bottomhole calculated pressure of the test well;
拟合单元25，用于将所述井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，得到拟合结果；A fitting unit 25, configured to fit the calculated bottomhole pressure with the pre-obtained bottomhole measured pressure to obtain a fitting result;
其中，拟合包括：压力史拟合、压力降落或恢复拟合以及压力导数拟合。Wherein, the fitting includes: pressure history fitting, pressure drop or recovery fitting and pressure derivative fitting.
需要说明的是，压力导数拟合包括早期阶段压力导数拟合，压力导数曲线的异常变化包括：曲线变平、下凹和抖动。It should be noted that the pressure derivative fitting includes the early stage pressure derivative fitting, and the abnormal changes of the pressure derivative curve include: curve flattening, concave and jitter.
曲线确定单元27，用于若所述拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线；The curve determination unit 27 is configured to use the current preset shear-thinning curve as the shear-thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation if the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirement;
返回单元28，用于若所述拟合结果不满足所述预设精度要求，则返回参数设定单元24重新设定另一组试井参数值，直至拟合结果满足预设精度要求，则将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。The return unit 28 is used to return to the parameter setting unit 24 to reset another set of well test parameter values if the fitting result does not meet the preset accuracy requirement, until the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirement, then Use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation.
综上可以看出，本发明利用设定测试井的试井参数和预先建立的聚合物驱数学模型得到测试井的井底计算压力，然后将井底计算压力与预先得到的井底实测压力进行拟合，并在拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，将当前预设剪切变稀曲线作为聚合物溶液在地层中的剪切变稀曲线。可以看出，当拟合结果满足预设精度要求时，表明当前剪切变稀曲线已经很接近真实的地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性，因此，本发明通过反演出地层中聚合物溶液剪切变稀特性的方法，真实的反映出聚合物在地下多孔介质中流变特征，从而确定地层中聚合物溶液的剪切变稀特性，更好地指导聚合物驱的生产。In summary, it can be seen that the present invention utilizes the well test parameters of the set test well and the pre-established polymer flooding mathematical model to obtain the bottom hole calculation pressure of the test well, and then compares the bottom hole calculation pressure with the bottom hole actual measured pressure obtained in advance. Fitting, and when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, use the current preset shear thinning curve as the shear thinning curve of the polymer solution in the formation. It can be seen that when the fitting result meets the preset accuracy requirements, it indicates that the current shear thinning curve is very close to the shear thinning characteristics of the polymer solution in the formation. Therefore, the present invention inverts the polymer solution in the formation The method of shear thinning characteristics truly reflects the rheological characteristics of polymers in underground porous media, so as to determine the shear thinning characteristics of polymer solutions in formations and better guide the production of polymer flooding.
需要说明的一点是，在建立聚合物驱参数模型时，还可以根据实际需要增加除聚合物地下流变特性之外的其它的物化现象的限制条件，其它物化现象包括：聚合物增粘、聚合物吸附、渗透率下降等。It should be noted that when establishing the parameter model of polymer flooding, other physical and chemical phenomena other than subsurface rheological properties of polymers can also be added according to actual needs. Other physical and chemical phenomena include: polymer viscosity increase, polymerization adsorption, permeability decrease, etc.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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| US12176589B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2024-12-24 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell method |
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