CN105332853B - 在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
- F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
本发明公开一种在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法,先获取当前时刻实时风速值并记录存储;计算当前时刻前一设定时间段内风速方差值;将风速方差值与设定阀值进行比较,根据比较结果判断此时风机工作的风况:如果所述风速方差值大于设定阀值,则处于风速波动区,反之处于平滑风速区;根据风况确定变流器控制策略:在处于风速波动区情况下,对变流器采用最大风能跟踪控制,减小风力发电机的转速,在处于平滑风速区情况下,对变流器采用平滑功率跟踪控制,保证功率的平滑输出。本方法在传统平滑功率算法的基础上,增加了对风速波动情况的判断环节,达到发电机转速与输出功率的综合最优。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种额定风速以上风力发电机控制方法,属于电机的控制领域。
背景技术
日益严峻的能源供应与全球气候变暖,引起了各国对于能源使用方式的深刻反思。随着全社会对能源和环境问题的持续关注,发展清洁的可再生能源,如风能、太阳能、生物质能等也成为了大势所趋。其中风能是可以为人类大量使用的、取之不尽用之不绝的绿色能源。风能利用的主要方式是风力发电,风力发电系统是将风能转化为电能的装置。风力发电系统输出功率随外界风速的变化而变化,由于风速的波动会造成功率的波动,所以在并网时对电网冲击较大。因而很有必要对风力发电机平滑功率控制进行研究。
传统风力发电机平滑功率控制策略仅仅关注于在额定风速以上时将功率限制在额定值并平滑输出并未考虑对风力发电机转速的限制,所以在实际应用时会导致风力发电机的转速远远超过额定值,会造成相当大的机械应力,减少了风机使用寿命。
基于上述问题,需要找到一个能够在额定风速以上协调风力发电机功率与转速的控制方法。
发明内容
技术问题:对于风力发电机在额定风速以上的运行情况,如果简单采用传统的平滑功率控制策略,由于风速是随机波动的,这就意味着风力机输出转矩是波动的,当风力机输出转矩增大,若发电机输出功率保持不变则转速必将增大,这就导致风力发电机组机械部件所受机械应力增加。
技术方案:针对上述问题,提出一种在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法,在额定风速以上运行时,变流器所采用的控制策略并不是全程都是平滑功率控制,加入了对风速波动情况的判断环节,当风速在额定风速以上波动小时采用平滑功率控制以保证功率的平滑输出,当风速波动情况较大时,为了减小风力机叶片等机械部件因转速上升所造成的损耗,则采用传统的最大功率跟踪控制策略。
具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一:获取当前时刻实时风速值并记录存储;
步骤二:计算当前时刻前一设定时间段内风速方差值;
步骤三:将所述风速方差值与设定阀值进行比较,根据比较结果判断此时风机工作的风况:如果所述风速方差值大于设定阀值,则处于风速波动区,反之处于平滑风速区;
步骤四:根据风况确定变流器控制策略:
在处于风速波动区情况下,对变流器采用最大风能跟踪控制,减小风力发电机的转速,在处于平滑风速区情况下,对变流器采用平滑功率跟踪控制,保证功率的平滑输出。
有益效果:
(1)在额定风速以上运行时,当风速波动较小情况下,采用所述控制方法能够使风力发电机可以平滑输出功率,提高电能质量。
(2)当风速波动情况较大时则采用传统的最大功率跟踪的变流器控制策略以减小转速超调,减少风力机机械部件的损耗。
附图说明
图1是风力发电机组控制方法的流程图
图2是风力发电机组控制方法的结构框图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案分步骤进行详细说明。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图1和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明的在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:获取当前时刻实时风速值并记录存储;
步骤2:计算当前时刻前一设定时间段T内风速方差值,具体公式如下:
其中V是记录存储的当前时刻实时风速值,为在该当前时刻前T时间内的风速平均值,Var(V)为该当前时刻前T时间内的风速方差值。所取时间段T应当根据控制要求的实时性及有效性合理进行选择。
步骤3:判断此时风机工作的风况,即处在额定值上下抖动区(即风速波动区)还是持续大于额定风速的高风速区(平滑风速区)。具体判断方法为:
Var(V)≥δ→风速波动区
(3)
Var(V)<δ→平滑风速区
其中,设定阀值δ根据风力发电机实际运行状况进行设置,当对风力发电机输出功率有较高要求时,设置较大的设定阀值;当对风力发电机叶片等机械部件的寿命有较高要求时,设置较小的设定阀值。
步骤4:当所判断出的当前风况是在平滑风速区时,即风速波动不大,并且由于风力机组巨大的转动惯量,风力发电机转速不能完全的跟随风速的变化而变化,所以此时更主要考虑的是如何提高电能质量。
当所判断出的当前风况是在风速波动区,即风速存在剧烈变化的状况,如果仍然采用平滑功率控制策略,单凭变桨机构无法将发电机转速限制在安全范围,可下列式子证明
两边同时乘以ω:
其中ω为发电机机械角速度,Tm为风力机输出转矩,Te为发电机电磁转矩,J为发电机转动惯量。若采用的是平滑功率控制策略,则风力发电机输出功率Pe=Te*ω保持在额定值。当风速突然增大时,则风力机输出转矩Tm也将突然增大,而在式(5)中第二项为定值,所以风力发电机转速也将必然增大,所以此时应当采用最大功率跟踪的变流器控制策略。
图2所示为风力发电机组控制方法的结构框图,风力发电机机组采用id=0的矢量控制策略,这样就使得风力发电机电磁转矩就仅仅与iq相关。当发电机在运行时,根据风速判断环节,来对工作模式进行切换,也就是对iq *值进行切换(iq *是iq的给定值,iq通过闭环跟踪iq *)。图中MPPT表示在风速波动区采用最大风能跟踪控制策略下给定的iq *,式表示在平滑风速区下计算iq *的公式,PN表示风力发电机的额定功率,ω为发电机机械角速度,p为电机极对数,ψf为发电机永磁磁链。
Claims (3)
1.一种在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法,其特征在于包括:
步骤一:获取当前时刻实时风速值并记录存储;
步骤二:计算当前时刻前一设定时间段内风速方差值;
步骤三:将所述风速方差值与设定阀值进行比较,根据比较结果判断此时风机工作的风况:如果所述风速方差值大于设定阀值,则处于风速波动区,反之处于平滑风速区;
步骤四:根据风况确定变流器控制策略:
在处于风速波动区情况下,对变流器采用最大风能跟踪控制,减小风力发电机的转速,在处于平滑风速区情况下,对变流器采用平滑功率跟踪控制,保证功率的平滑输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法,其特征在于,所述设定时间段根据控制所要求实时性以及有效性合理进行选择。
3.根据权利要求1所述在额定风速以上协调风力发电机转速与功率的控制方法,其特征在于,所述设定阀值根据风力发电机实际运行状况进行设置,当对风力发电机输出功率有较高要求时,设置较大的设定阀值;当对风力发电机叶片等机械部件的寿命有较高要求时,设置较小的设定阀值。
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