CN105330936A - 一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜及其制备方法,所述的调控膜包括光散射层。所述的光散射层包括:成膜树脂、高折射率微粉材料;所述的调控膜还包括光吸收辐射层,所述的光吸收辐射层包括:成膜树脂、导热微粉、吸光热辐射微粉材料。本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜厚度为100-140μm,光散射层和光吸收辐射层厚度比为5:2。采用本发明方法制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜,在全日照情况下,对太阳光散光隔热率可达到85%,对阳光遮盖率可达到99.5%,可为农作物生长提供了适宜温度环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜及制备方法,散光隔热热辐射调控膜适用于食用菌、白芦笋等黑暗环境农业生产,蒜黄、韭黄、芹菜等蔬菜软化栽培,以及畜牧养殖控温、果树提早或推迟休眠时调温等设施农业;属于农业技术领域。
背景技术
20世纪50年代,日本和欧美等国家开始将塑料薄膜应用于农业生产,该项技术的使用带来了农业生产方式的改变和生产力的飞跃。日本在蔬菜、花卉、果树上均利用了薄膜覆盖技术。美国主要通过薄膜覆盖用于保苗。前苏联主要利用地膜覆盖来提温、保墒。
我国于1978年将塑料薄膜覆盖技术应用于农业生产,主要是棚膜和地膜,广泛用于日光温室、塑料大棚及小拱棚的覆盖材料。目前,我国农膜产量和使用量均居世界首位。
我国设施农业的主要模式之一是塑料大棚温室,棚膜用于增温,实现果蔬的反季节栽培。大多选用聚乙烯(PE)材料制膜,其分子量较高、支链数较少、耐老化。
在设施农业生产中也需要减光降温来调控作物生长。果树反季节栽培可填补市场空白,满足消费需求,经济效益显著,但需要低温条件提前解除落叶果树的自然休眠,这成为果树反季节栽培的主要制约因素。在白芦笋和食用菌的生产中,需要黑暗环境。蒜黄、韭黄、芹菜等蔬菜软化栽培,需要适宜的温度、湿度和弱光环境。畜牧养殖业需要冬暖夏凉动物生长环境。
从目前国内外薄膜应用情况看,实现调光控温措施主要有反射膜反光隔热技术、遮阳网减光降温技术等。反射膜一般可分为三大类:金属反射膜、全电介质反射膜和金属电介质反射膜。其中,金属铝反射膜工艺成熟、生产成本低,工作的波长范围宽,已开在农业生产中广泛应用。遮阳网是近10年来推广的一种新型保护覆盖材料,夏季覆盖后有挡光降温的作用。
虽然,反射膜、遮阳网在农业领域得到广泛应用,但因其技术和结构因素,还不能满足现代农业生产需求。一是反射膜在农业上大面;积反射光线,会形成明晃白亮、眩眼夺目的白亮污染。二是遮阳网对阳光遮盖隔热效果有限,不能满足农业减少的要求。三是反射膜光损大、反光率不高,没有热辐射发射能力;遮阳网吸收阳光产生大量热能,提升网周围空气温度,所产生远红外线会双向发射热辐射,间接增加设施温度。二者隔热降温效果不显著。
现有的光温调控功能性薄膜具有以下缺陷:(1)散光遮盖效果较差,阳光遮盖率不高;(2)隔热功能较差,给农业设施隔热降温效果不明显;(3)功能单一,遮光、隔热、降温和增温不能同时具备。
因此,农业生产中还未有理想的光温调控薄膜。在转变农业生产方式,提高农业经济效益及节能减排的背景下,急需一种新型的光温调控功能性薄膜。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是针对以上不足,提供一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜及制备方法,实现以下发明目的:
(1)制备散光隔热热辐射调控膜,使其具有良好的散光遮盖、吸光遮盖功能。该膜对可见光、红外线和紫外线有很高的散光、吸光遮盖效果。在全日照情况下,阳光遮盖率达到99.5%。
(2)制备散光隔热热辐射调控膜,使其具有良好散光隔热、辐射降温功能。该膜对阳光的散射遮盖率达到94%左右,有效隔断阳光对农业设施的照射,隔热率为85%左右。
(3)制备散光隔热热辐射调控膜,使其具有辐射降温功能。在全日照情况下,覆盖该膜的农业设施表面温度比不用该膜温度,在夏天降低20℃左右,春秋季节低15℃左右。
(4)制备散光隔热热辐射调控膜,使其具有吸光增温功能。在全日照情况下,覆盖该膜农业设施内部温度,比使用常用薄膜温度提高5-18℃。
为实现上述发明目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,所述的调控膜包括光散射层。
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉426份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE腊27份
LDPE320份
LLDPE197份。
所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉426份
酞菁蓝0.6份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE蜡26.4份
LDPE367份
LLDPE150份。
所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉427份
PE蜡20份
油酸酰胺23份
LDPE333份
LLDPE197份。
所述的调控膜还包括光吸收辐射层;
所述的光吸收辐射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
LDPE46.5-49份
LLDPE27-31份
炭黑2.5-3份
碳化硅粉9-13份
偶联剂2-3份
分散剂1-3份
增塑剂2-3份
PE腊2-4份。
所述的金红石型钛白粉:由杜邦钛白粉R-103、R105、R-900组成,所述组分的重量比为3:2:2。
所述的LDPE:折射率为1.50-1.54,密度为0.915-0.940g/cm3;
所述的炭黑:平均粒径为0.021-0.025μm;
所述的碳化硅微粉:导热系数为83.6W/m·K,堆积密度1.75-1.95g/cm3之间,粒径范围为0.5-0.3μm。
所述光散射层和光吸收辐射层的厚度比为5:2。
一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜制备方法,所述的制备方法包括制备光吸收辐射层母粒、制备光散射层母粒和共挤成膜;
所述的制备光吸收辐射层母粒包括碳化硅粉的预处理;
所述的碳化硅粉的预处理:将原料加入高速搅拌机中,搅拌,升温到50℃,保温0.5-1.0小时。
所述的共挤成膜:将制备的光散射层母粒与光吸收辐射层母粒加入到两层共挤吹膜机中,共挤成膜;
制得的膜厚度为100-140μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明技术方案具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜具有良好的散光遮盖、吸光遮盖功能。在全日照情况下,阳光遮盖率可达到99.5%;在全日照情况下,大棚覆盖散光隔热热辐射调控膜后,大棚内光照强度在0-12Lx,形成黑暗度很高的环境。
(2)本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜具有良好散光隔热、辐射隔热功能;在全日照情况下,对太阳光散光隔热率可达到85%,隔热节能效果显著。
(3)本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜具有辐射降温功能;。在全日照情况下,在夏季覆盖该膜的农业设施表面温度比不用该膜温度降低20℃以上,使农作物生长避免了高温伤害。
(4)本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜具有增温功能。在气温较低的季节,覆盖散光隔热热辐射调控膜,农业设施内部温度比覆盖常用薄膜温度提高5-18℃,可为农作物生长提供适宜温度环境。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜
一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,由光散射层和光吸收辐射层二部分组成;光散射层和光吸收辐射层厚度比为5:2。
所述的光散射层主要含有广谱透光、低折射率的成膜树脂材料和高折射率微粉材料。
所述的光吸收辐射层主要含有与光散射层树脂结合性高的成膜树脂材料、热传导微粉材料和吸光热辐射微粉。
(1)所述的广谱透光、低折射率的成膜树脂材料:
可选用PVC、HDPE、LDPE、LLDPE等树脂,优选低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),密度处于0.915-0.940克/立方厘米之间,折射率1.51,在7.0~13.0μm波段的远红外线透射率高,是近似远红外线透光体。
(2)所述的高折率微粉材料:
可选用金红石型钛白粉(折射率2.73)、锐钛型钛白粉(折射率2.55)、硫化锌微粉(折射率2.37)、氧化锑微粉(折射率2.09-2.25)、氧化锌微粉(折射率2.02)、立德粉(折射率1.84)。
优选金红石型钛白粉,折射率为2.73、密度4.26g/cm3,平均粒径小于0.6μm,最大粒径不大于1μm。
(3)所述的吸光热辐射微粉材料:
优选炭黑,平均粒径为0.021-0.025μm,比面积为150㎡/g以上。在8.0-14.0μm波段远红外发射率为0.95。
(4)所述的导热微粉材料:
可选用氧化铝微粉、氧化镁微粉、氧化锌微粉、氮化铝微粉、氮化硼微粉、碳化硅微粉等。
优选碳化硅微粉,导热系数为83.6W/m·K,堆积密度1.75-1.95g/cm3之间,粒径范围为0.5-0.3μm。在8.0-14.0μm波段远红外发射率为0.82-0.92。
将金红石型钛白粉均匀地分散在LDPE成膜树脂中,作为光散射层。
光散射层对波长相对小的可见光的、紫外线光散射遮盖率可达到96%;对波长相对大近红外线的光散射遮盖率可达到92%。
所述的金红石型钛白粉由杜邦钛白粉R-103、R105、R-900按比例为3:2:2配制,平均粒径控制在0.6μm,最大粒径控制在1μm以内,可有效兼顾不同波长光的散射效率;
将LDPE树脂与金红石型钛白粉质量浓度百分比按50:40配制,光散射层厚度为100μm左右时,散光降温热辐射调控膜对阳光散射遮盖率可达到94%。
将炭黑均匀地加入到LDPE成膜树脂中,作为光吸收辐射层,实现吸光遮盖功能。
将碳化硅微粉均匀地加入到光吸收辐射层中,增强光吸收层的导热性能。
将LDPE树脂与炭黑、碳化硅微粉质量浓度百分比按75:2:18配制,光吸收辐射层厚度为40μm左右时,阳光吸收遮盖率可达到98%。
光散射层、光吸收辐射层中的LDPE在7.0~13.0μm波段的远红外线透射率为90%,近似为远红外线透光体。所述的炭黑、碳化硅微粉在8.0-14.0μm波段都能高效发射远红外线。
所述光散射层中的金红石型钛白粉:平均粒径小于0.6μm,最大粒径不大于1μm。炭黑、碳化硅微粉发射远红外热辐射在8-13μm波段为90%左右,是金红石型钛白粉平均粒径的13倍左右,薄膜中的微粉材料对远红外线遮盖率很小,远红外线能通过衍射方式向空间发射。
在气温较低的季节,光吸收辐射层朝外覆盖在农业设施上,广谱光吸收阳光,不间断地吸收阳光,将阳光转变为热能,热能源源不断输送到农业设施内,从而起到更好的增温作用。
实施例2光散射层母粒配方
所述的光散射层母粒为金红石型钛白粉、LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)母粒;光散射层母粒原料的具体质量份配比如下:
配方一:
母粒原料的具体质量份配比如下:
金红石型钛白粉426份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE腊27份
LDPE320份
LLDPE197份
配方二:
金红石型钛白粉426份
酞菁蓝0.6份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE蜡26.4份
LDPE367份
LLDPE150份
配方三:母粒原料的具体质量份配比如下:
金红石型钛白粉427份
PE蜡20份
油酸酰胺23份
LDPE333份
LLDPE197份。
上述光散射层母粒配方中的金红石型钛白粉:由杜邦钛白粉R-103、R105、R-900按重量比例3:2:2配制,密度4.26g/cm3,折射率2.73,TiO2含量为98%,平均粒径小于0.6μm。
实施例3光吸收辐射层母粒配方
所述的光吸收辐射层母粒为炭黑、碳化硅微粉、LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)母粒;光吸收辐射层母粒原料的具体质量份配比如下:
配方一:
LDPE48份
LLDPE31份
炭黑3份
碳化硅粉11份
偶联剂2份
分散剂1份
增塑剂2份
PE腊3份
配方二:
LDPE46.5份
LLDPE28份
PE腊2份
炭黑2.5份
碳化硅粉13份
偶联剂3份
分散剂3份
增塑剂2份
配方三:
LDPE49份
LLDPE27份
炭黑3份
碳化硅粉9份
偶联剂3份
分散剂3份
增塑剂2份
PE腊4份
所述的偶联剂为:钛酸酯NDZ-105;
所述的分散剂为:DCA-810;
所述的炭黑为:炭黑母粒UN2014;
所述的增塑剂为:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)。
实施例4光吸收辐射层母粒的制备方法
步骤1、碳化硅粉的预处理
将碳化硅粉、偶联剂、PE腊按配方的质量比加入到高速搅拌机中搅拌,升温到50℃,保温0.5-1.0小时,使偶联剂添加均匀,并且使偶联剂活化,增强偶联剂的作用;
所述的偶联剂为:异丙基三油酸酰氧基钛酸酯;分子量:935g/mol,开杯闪点:65℃,浅红棕色透明液体。
步骤2、添加分散剂和增塑剂
按照配方的质量比加入分散剂和增塑剂,用高速搅拌机进行搅拌,使其混合均匀;
所述的分散剂为:DCA-810;
所述的增塑剂为:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)。
步骤3、双螺杆挤出机进行造粒
将上述步骤得到的混合料与LDPE、LLDPE、炭黑色母粒子按配方比例加入双螺杆挤出机中进行混炼;将从双螺杆挤出机中出来的物料进行风冷,造粒,得到光吸收辐射层母粒;
所述的双螺杆挤出机的螺杆为同向双螺杆,螺杆直径为25mm;
所述的双螺杆挤出机的转速为165r/min。
实施例5一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜的制备方法
步骤1、制备光吸收辐射层母粒
采用实施例4的方法制备光吸收辐射层母粒。
步骤2、制备光散射层母粒
采用以下方法制备光散射层母粒(钛白粉母粒):
将光散射层母粒的各原料按照配方称量好,加入到单螺杆挤出机中进行熔融塑化,从机头口模挤出的物料经过定型、冷却、牵引、切割工序,得到光散射层母粒;
所述的单螺杆挤出机的螺旋角为17°;
所述的冷却工序中冷却水温为28℃。
步骤3、共挤成膜
光散射层母粒与光吸收辐射层母粒两层共挤成膜:
采用两层共挤技术,将光散射层母粒与光吸收辐射层母粒加入到两层共挤吹膜机中共挤,成聚为散光隔热热辐射调控膜。
制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜厚度为100-140μm;其中,光散射层与光吸收辐射层厚度比为5:2。
对制备的成品膜进行测试:
对本发明制备的散光降温热辐射调控膜进行780nm激光穿透测试,以希腊PEP黑白膜为对照材料,测试结果见表1:
表1780nm激光穿透测试结果
由表1可见,本发明制备的散光降温热辐射调控膜:780nm激光的透过率明显低于对照材料,透过率为0.489%。
本发明制备的散光隔热热辐射调控膜,在全日照情况下,阳光遮盖率可达到99.5%;该膜覆盖农业设施,使其表面温度比不用散光辐射薄膜温度,夏天降低20℃左右,春秋季节低15℃左右。
本发明散光隔热热辐射调控膜适用于食用菌、白芦笋等黑暗环境农业生产,蒜黄、韭黄、芹菜等蔬菜软化栽培,以及畜牧养殖控温、果树提早或推迟休眠时调温等设施农业。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述的调控膜包括光散射层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉426份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE腊27份
LDPE320份
LLDPE197份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉426份
酞菁蓝0.6份
硬脂酸YA-Ⅱ-200型30份
PE蜡26.4份
LDPE367份
LLDPE150份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:
所述的光散射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
金红石型钛白粉427份
PE蜡20份
油酸酰胺23份
LDPE333份
LLDPE197份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述的调控膜还包括光吸收辐射层;
所述的光吸收辐射层,以重量份计,其母粒包括以下组分:
LDPE46.5-49份
LLDPE27-31份
炭黑2.5-3份
碳化硅粉9-13份
偶联剂2-3份
分散剂1-3份
增塑剂2-3份
PE腊2-4份。
6.根据权利要求2-4其中之一所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:
所述的金红石型钛白粉:由杜邦钛白粉R-103、R105、R-900组成,所述组分的重量比为3:2:2。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述的LDPE:折射率为1.50-1.54,密度为0.915-0.940g/cm3;
所述的炭黑:平均粒径为0.021-0.025μm;
所述的碳化硅微粉:导热系数为83.6W/m·K,堆积密度1.75-1.95g/cm3之间,粒径范围为0.5-0.3μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜,其特征在于:所述光散射层和光吸收辐射层的厚度比为5:2。
9.一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法包括制备光吸收辐射层母粒、制备光散射层母粒和共挤成膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种散光隔热热辐射调控膜制备方法,其特征在于:
所述的制备光吸收辐射层母粒包括碳化硅粉的预处理;
所述的碳化硅粉的预处理:将原料加入高速搅拌机中,搅拌,升温到50℃,保温0.5-1.0小时;
所述的共挤成膜:将制备的光散射层母粒与光吸收辐射层母粒加入到两层共挤吹膜机中,共挤成膜;
制得的膜厚度为100-140μm。
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CN112626716A (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-09 | 东莞市威骏不织布有限公司 | 一种高反光率地膜的制作方法 |
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CN110240766B (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2022-08-09 | 贵州惠海塑胶有限公司 | 一种eps韭黄种植软化罩及制备方法 |
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