CN105319261A - Device and method for determining soil mass flow and diffusion property - Google Patents
Device and method for determining soil mass flow and diffusion property Download PDFInfo
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- CN105319261A CN105319261A CN201510791288.3A CN201510791288A CN105319261A CN 105319261 A CN105319261 A CN 105319261A CN 201510791288 A CN201510791288 A CN 201510791288A CN 105319261 A CN105319261 A CN 105319261A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for determining soil mass flow and diffusion property. The device is characterized in that a polyethylene plate is used for separating a second soil body box from a third soil body box; a layer of polyethylene screen with the pore diameter of 24 microns is arranged between a first soil body box and the second soil body box; a layer of polyethylene screen with the pore diameter of 24 microns is arranged between the third soil body box and a fourth soil body box; a layer of polyethylene screen with the pore diameter of 24 microns is arranged at the end, near a first reagent bottle, of the first soil body box; a layer of polyethylene screen with the pore diameter of 24 microns is arranged at the end, near a second reagent bottle, of the fourth soil body box; a drying agent is placed in the second reagent bottle. The device provided by the invention is reasonable in design, simple in preparation and low in cost; through adopting the device, the soil mass flow and diffusion property can be determined via steps of preparation of sterile soil, addition of markers, constant temperature incubation, sampling determination, and the like; the method is simple to operate, and adopts the technology that sterile soil is combined with isotope labelling, so that the transfer rule of nutrient ions in soil can be quickly and accurately analyzed, and the device and method for in-depth knowledge and regulation and control of nutrients are provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil science field, relate to the research method that soil nutrient absorbs, particularly relate to a kind of device and the assay method thereof that measure soil matter stream and diffusion property.
Background technology
Matter stream, diffusion and root interception are three kinds of main paties that soil nutrient enters rhizosphere.In plant nutrient uptake, little by the quantity of root interception, especially macronutrient is all the more so.Therefore, in most of the cases, matter stream and diffusion are the main paties that root system of plant obtains nutrient.Matter stream refers to that in soil, nutrient flows to the soil liquid process that root arrives rhizosphere by the transpiration of plant.Because transpiration creates along stem, root to the water potential gradient of soil by plant leaf blade, under this gradient effect, water enters in root by soil by root table face, be dissolved in nutrient in water also with current close to root table, for plant absorption.Nitrate nitrogen in soil, sodium, iron, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium major part supply plant by matter stream by soil.Diffusion refers to because of the nutrient transport under the concentration gradient driving that plant absorption, fertilising etc. cause.The contribution that matter stream and diffusion couple plant nutrient absorb changes with weather, soil environment, vegetation type, human activity and changes, the difference of each nutrient mode of further investigation plant absorption, has profound significance for high-efficiency nutrient resource utilization and integrated management.
Intricate due to soil environment, the contribution relative difficulty of accurate analysis matter stream and diffusion couple plant.The transpiration rate of classic method many employings plant transpiration effect estimate matter stream number, but change of soil nutrient is very fast, transpiration heterogeneity, environmental change the accuracy all limiting the method.In existing patent of invention, also do not retrieve the apparatus and method of matter stream and diffusion property in relevant mensuration soil.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of device measuring soil matter stream and diffusion property, be made up of the first reagent bottle, the first polythene net, the first soil body case, the second polythene net, the second soil body case, polyethylene board, the 3rd soil body case, the 3rd polythene net, the 4th soil body case, the 4th polythene net, the second reagent bottle, drying agent, the top of the first soil body case, the second soil body case, the 3rd soil body case, the 4th soil body case is set to sealing cover structure.
First reagent bottle openend is connected with the first soil body case, at this connector nearly, the first polythene net that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set, another port and second soil body case junction of the first soil body case arrange the second polythene net that one deck aperture is 24 microns, between the other end of the second soil body case and the 3rd soil body case, polyethylene board is set, the 3rd polythene net that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set between the other end of the 3rd soil body case and the 4th soil body case, the other end of the 4th soil body case is connected with the opening of the second reagent bottle, near this connector, the 4th polythene net that one deck aperture is 24 microns is being set, drying agent is placed in the second reagent bottle.
The opening of the first reagent bottle and the second reagent bottle is circular, and wherein one end of the first soil body case and the first soil body case is circular, and diameter is fitted mutually with the first reagent bottle and the second reagent bottle opening diameter.
Drying agent is placed in second reagent bottle, the flow of water that Root Absorption moisture brings can be simulated poor, mark substance in 3rd soil body case can be shifted in the 4th soil body case by matter stream and diffusion, and in the first reagent bottle, do not put drying agent, in second soil body case, mark substance can only be shifted in the first soil body case by diffusion, 24 micron polyethylene nets can allow nutrient ion to pass freely through, and soil particle be difficult to through.
Another object of the present invention is to provide described device and is measuring the application in soil matter stream and diffusion property.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method measuring soil matter stream and diffusion property, is realized by following steps:
(1) aseptic soil processing: acquisition test point topsoil, fetches the rear 4mm of mistake and sieves, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min in high-pressure sterilizing pot, after taking-up, stirs, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min in high-pressure sterilizing pot, for subsequent use again;
(2) label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 50g, add in the second soil body case, the 3rd soil body case respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 100g again, add in the first soil body case, the 4th soil body case respectively, in the second soil body case, the 3rd soil body case, add 0.0001-0.01mmolL
-1abundant mark test substance 20-45ml(as 99.9%
15nO
3 -, 99.8%
15nH
4 +, 99.8%
15n-glycocoll), it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case, the 4th soil body case and add 40-90ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly four soil body upper box part gland bonnets are covered tightly, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle, place silica-gel desiccant;
(3) constant temperature culture: described device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 4-24h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(4) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case, the 3rd soil body upper box part gland bonnet, gather the pedotheque from the first soil body case, the 4th soil body case same distance respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount of matter stream.
The present invention, by steps such as aseptic soil processing, label interpolation, constant temperature culture, sampling and measuring, determines soil matter stream and diffusion property.The method is simple to operate, adopt aseptic soil in conjunction with isotope labelling techniques, analyze the Transport of nutrient ion in soil fast and accurately, the trend of positioning analysis mark substance, for the relative size of matter stream and diffusion in accurate evaluation soil, provide method basis for understanding in depth and regulating and controlling nutrient.Apparatus of the present invention are reasonable in design, make simple cost low, and the present invention is the relative size of matter stream and diffusion in accurate evaluation soil, provide the apparatus and method measuring soil matter stream and diffusion property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representations.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment 1
See Fig. 1, measure a device for soil matter stream and diffusion property, be made up of the first reagent bottle 1, first polythene net 2 first soil body case 3, second polythene net 4, second soil body case 5, polyethylene board 6, the 3rd soil body case 7, the 3rd polythene net 8, the 4th soil body case 9, the 4th polythene net 10, second reagent bottle 11, drying agent 12; The upper design of the first soil body case 3, second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7, the 4th soil body case 9 is sealing cover structure (not shown).
First reagent bottle 1 openend is connected with the first soil body case 3, at this connector nearly, the first polythene net 2 that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set, the another port of the first soil body case 3 and the second soil body case 5 junction arrange the second polythene net 4 that one deck aperture is 24 microns, between the other end of the second soil body case 5 and the 3rd soil body case 7, polyethylene board 6 is set, the 3rd polythene net 8 that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set between the other end of the 3rd soil body case 7 and the 4th soil body case 9, the other end of the 4th soil body case 9 is connected with the opening of the second reagent bottle 11, near this connector, the 4th polythene net 10 that one deck aperture is 24 microns is being set, drying agent 12 is placed in the second reagent bottle 11.
The opening of the first reagent bottle 1 and the second reagent bottle 11 is circular, and wherein one end of the first soil body case 3 and the first soil body case 9 is circular, and diameter is fitted mutually with the first reagent bottle 1 and the second reagent bottle 11 opening diameter.
Embodiment 2
(1) aseptic soil processing: the top layer clay loam gathering fairy house, fetches the rear 4mm of mistake and sieves, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min, after taking-up, stir, then in high-pressure sterilizing pot 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
(2) label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 50g, add in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 100g again, add in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7, add 0.005mmolL
-199.9%
15nO
3 -35ml, it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 and add 70ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly by four soil body upper box part seal cap sealings, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle 11, place silica-gel desiccant 20g;
(3) constant temperature culture: device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 12h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(4) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 top, gather the pedotheque 10g of the 5-6cm from the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case 9 is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case 3 is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount (see table one) of matter stream.
Embodiment 3
(1) aseptic soil processing: the top layer sandy loam gathering West, Zijin port, fetches the rear 4mm of mistake and sieves, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min, after taking-up, stir, then in high-pressure sterilizing pot 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
(2) label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 50g, add in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 100g again, add in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7, add 0.005mmolL
-199.9%
15nO
3 -40ml, it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 and add 80ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly by four soil body upper box part sealings, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle 11, place silica-gel desiccant 20g;
(3) constant temperature culture: device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 12h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(4) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 top, gather the pedotheque 10g of the 5-6cm from the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case 9 is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case 3 is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount (see table one) of matter stream.
Embodiment 4
(1) aseptic soil processing: the top layer clay loam gathering fairy house, fetches the rear 4mm of mistake and sieves, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min, after taking-up, stir, then in high-pressure sterilizing pot 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
(2) label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 50g, add in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 100g again, add in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7, add 0.005mmolL
-199.9%
15nH
4 +35ml, it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 and add 70ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly by four soil body upper box part sealings, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle 11, place silica-gel desiccant 20g;
(3) constant temperature culture: device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 12h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(4) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 top, gather the pedotheque 10g of the 5-6cm from the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case 9 is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case 3 is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount (see table one) of matter stream.
Embodiment 5
(1) aseptic soil processing: the top layer clay loam gathering fairy house, fetches the rear 4mm of mistake and sieves, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min, after taking-up, stir, then in high-pressure sterilizing pot 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
(2) label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 50g, add in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts of 100g again, add in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, in the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7, add 0.005mmolL
-199.9%
15n-glycocoll 35ml, it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 and add 70ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly by four soil body upper box part sealings, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle 11, place silica-gel desiccant 20g;
(3) constant temperature culture: device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 12h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(4) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case 5, the 3rd soil body case 7 top, gather the pedotheque 10g of the 5-6cm from the first soil body case 3, the 4th soil body case 9 respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case 9 is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case 3 is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount (see table one) of matter stream.
As can be seen from Table I, soil types has significant impact to delay and diffusion.All adopt the nitrate nitrogen of mark in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and soil types is different, in embodiment 1, sticky loamy texture ground glues heavily, and nutrient not easily flows and nutrient content is lower, therefore its be detained and the amount of diffusion all lower than embodiment 2.Embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 all adopt fairy house soil, but its label is obviously different, and the nitrate nitrogen adding embodiment 1 to easily flows in soil, and in embodiment 3, ammonium nitrogen, easily by adsorption by soil, is difficult to mobile, and therefore the amount of matter stream and diffusion is relatively low.From three embodiments, matter stream is all apparently higher than diffusion, and this and matter stream are that the main Acquisition channel of nutrient conforms to.
Claims (5)
1. one kind measures the device of soil matter stream and diffusion property, it is characterized in that, by the first reagent bottle (1), first polythene net (2) first soil body case (3), second polythene net (4), second soil body case (5), polyethylene board (6), 3rd soil body case (7), 3rd polythene net (8), 4th soil body case (9), 4th polythene net (10), second reagent bottle (11), drying agent (12) forms, first soil body case (3), second soil body case (5), 3rd soil body case (7), the upper design of the 4th soil body case (9) is sealing cover structure, first reagent bottle (1) openend is connected with the first soil body case (3), at this connector nearly, the first polythene net (2) that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set, the another port of the first soil body case (3) and the second soil body case (5) junction arrange the second polythene net (4) that one deck aperture is 24 microns, between the other end of the second soil body case (5) and the 3rd soil body case (7), polyethylene board (6) is set, the 3rd polythene net (8) that one deck aperture is 24 microns is set between the other end of the 3rd soil body case (7) and the 4th soil body case (9), the other end of the 4th soil body case (9) is connected with the opening of the second reagent bottle (11), near this connector, the 4th polythene net (10) that one deck aperture is 24 microns is being set, drying agent (12) is placed in the second reagent bottle (11).
2. a kind of device measuring soil matter stream and diffusion property according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the opening of the first reagent bottle (1) and the second reagent bottle (11) is circular, wherein one end of first soil body case (3) and the first soil body case (9) is circular, and diameter is fitted mutually with the first reagent bottle (1) and the second reagent bottle (11) opening diameter.
3. the mensuration soil matter stream described in a claim 1 or 2 and the device of diffusion property are measuring the application in soil matter stream and diffusion property.
4. measure a method for soil matter stream and diffusion property, it is characterized in that, realized by following steps:
A () aseptic soil processing: acquisition test point topsoil, crosses 4mm sieve, cross 2mm sieve after shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying, soil is positioned in 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min in high-pressure sterilizing pot, after taking-up, stirs, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min in high-pressure sterilizing pot, for subsequent use again;
B () label adds: get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts, add in the second soil body case (5), the 3rd soil body case (7) respectively, get the above-mentioned pedotheque prepared 2 parts again, add in the first soil body case (3), the 4th soil body case (9) respectively, in the second soil body case (5), the 3rd soil body case (7), add 0.0001-0.01mmolL
-1abundant mark test substance 20-45ml, it is made to reach 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, while interpolation mark test substance, be rapidly in the first soil body case (3), the 4th soil body case (9) and add 40-90ml ultrapure water, make soil moisture content in four soil body casees consistent, rapidly four soil body upper box part gland bonnets are covered tightly, make soil and soil body upper box part gapless, in the second reagent bottle (11), place silica-gel desiccant;
(c) constant temperature culture: described device being positioned over temperature is cultivate 4-24h in the dark surrounds of 25 DEG C;
(d) sampling and measuring: open the second soil body case (5), the 3rd soil body case (7) top seal lid, gather the pedotheque from the first soil body case (3), the 4th soil body case (9) same distance respectively, after freeze drying, isotope mass spectrometer is adopted to measure the content of mark substance in pedotheque, the mark substance recorded from the 4th soil body case (9) is the summation of matter stream and diffusion, what record in the first soil body case (3) is then the amount of diffusion, and both differences are the amount of matter stream.
5. a kind of method measuring soil matter stream and diffusion property according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the test substance of mark is 99.9%
15nO
3 -, 99.8%
15nH
4 +, 99.8%
15n-glycocoll.
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| CN111289419A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-16 | 中南大学 | Measuring device for engineering barrier membrane effect in heavy metal pollution site |
| CN114152543A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 东南大学 | Device and method for researching migration and diffusion of in-situ injected medicament in soil layer |
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| WO2004002605A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-08 | Den Kongelige Veterinær-Og Landbohøjskole | Dual porosity filter |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111289419A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-16 | 中南大学 | Measuring device for engineering barrier membrane effect in heavy metal pollution site |
| CN111289419B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-03-02 | 中南大学 | Measuring device for engineering barrier membrane effect in heavy metal pollution site |
| CN114152543A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | 东南大学 | Device and method for researching migration and diffusion of in-situ injected medicament in soil layer |
| CN114152543B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-01-02 | 东南大学 | Device and method for researching migration and diffusion of in-situ injection medicament in soil layer |
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