CN105316474B - Reduce the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace - Google Patents
Reduce the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in reduction annealing furnace.The method of the present invention includes：（1）Shut down cooling：It was found that after strip wooden dipper is bent in stove, annealing furnace switches to cooling mode, while unit makes unit stop using the method for section decelerating; after compressor emergency shutdown, each section of tension force of removal unit simultaneously closes off rapid cooling section, eventually cold section of blower fan; rapid cooling section stabilizing roller and bellows are opened, cold section of squeeze roll eventually is opened；Release is carried out to annealing furnace entrance buffer roll in time, it is ensured that strip steel at entry is in relaxed state；（2）Tension force is set：Each process island total tension is calculated according to tension formula, draws the total tension setting value of each technique section,（3）Unit operation：（4）Abnormality processing.The method of the present invention is efficient, safe and easy to implement, cost economy, and the risk of wooden dipper zymogenic running band of discontinuance in stove can be effectively reduced using this method.
Description
Technical field：
The control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace is reduced the present invention relates to a kind of, belongs to annealing furnace control skill
Art field.
Background technology：
In modern cold rolled continuous annealing unit annealing furnace as unit main technique section, in process of production, often
Influenceed by many reasons such as environment, equipment and manual operations, and cause strip in stove to occur strip generation wooden dipper song in wooden dipper song, stove
Situation generally comprise：Wooden dipper is bent in operation, significantly wooden dipper is bent after reduction of speed for the bent and unit that stops rear wooden dipper soon.When wooden dipper song occurs in strip in stove
When, if producers adjust unreasonable to production technology, there is expansion trend in the wooden dipper Qu Chengdu that will result in strip in stove, sternly
The production accident that strip is broken in the bent position of wooden dipper in stove is will result in during weight, is produced to enterprise and brings unnecessary economic damage
Lose.
At present, in cold-rolling continuous annealing unit production technology, for adopting the bent conventional treatment method of strip wooden dipper in this stove more
The technique adjustment method opened with cooling, reduction of speed, drop, but concrete operations flow is not clear and definite enough, due to wooden dipper zymogenic in the process of running
The factor being related to is more complicated, if without a set of practicable guidance method, wooden dipper zymogenic is run in stove in running
During will certainly have a great broken belt risk, therefore find and a kind of reduce the control of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace
Method has been most important.
The content of the invention：
The purpose of the present invention is to provide wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in a kind of reduction annealing furnace for above-mentioned problem
Control method, efficient, safe and easy to implement, cost economy can effectively reduce wooden dipper zymogenic in stove using this method
The risk of running band of discontinuance.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme：
The control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace is reduced, this method comprises the following steps：
（1）Shut down cooling：It was found that after strip wooden dipper is bent in stove, annealing furnace switches to cooling mode, i.e., to bringing-up section, soaking zone
Radiant tube temperature sets 500 DEG C of coolings, and the purpose is to bringing-up section, soaking zone furnace temperature is gently reduced and maintain 500 DEG C ± 10
DEG C, described gentle reduction refers to that cooling rate is 180 DEG C/h.Strip interior tissue in this temperature is more stable.Work as stove
Higher than 500 DEG C machines of temperature, which are set up to open, easily cause wooden dipper Qu Chengdu to aggravate because strip interior tissue is unstable when starting, if furnace temperature is dropped
Though will not be affected greatly between as little as 400 DEG C -500 DEG C to wooden dipper Qu Chengdu, the time needed for cooling is longer, influences the later stage
Heating and start efficiency；Rapid cooling section electric heater sets 300 DEG C of coolings, it is therefore an objective to rapid cooling section furnace temperature is reduced and is maintained 300
℃±10℃；Slow cooling section, rapid cooling section electric heater are closed, it is therefore an objective to slow cooling section, rapid cooling section furnace temperature is slowly reduced；Aging section electricity
The heating power of heater setting 20%, it is therefore an objective to make aging section furnace temperature slowly reduce and be incubated at 260 DEG C ± 10 DEG C；Same opportunity
Group makes unit stop using the method for section decelerating, and each reduction of speed amplitude depends on the circumstances, preferably between 50-100mpm,
Easily cause strip tension in stove to produce fluctuation because reduction of speed amplitude is excessive, and then aggravate wooden dipper Qu Chengdu；After compressor emergency shutdown, removal machine
Each section of tension force of group, simultaneously closes off rapid cooling section, eventually cold section of blower fan, opens rapid cooling section stabilizing roller and bellows, opens cold section of squeeze roll eventually；
Release is carried out to annealing furnace entrance buffer roll in time, it is ensured that strip steel at entry is in relaxed state, prevents band during descent of temperature
Steel excessively tightens phenomenon caused by expanding with heat and contract with cold, and is prevented effectively from the aggravation of strip wooden dipper Qu Chengdu in stove or even is broken.
（2）Tension force is set：According to different gauges, make after in-furnace temperature is reduced in prescribed limit, to each section of tension force in stove
Reasonable set is carried out, using soaking zone as tension force benchmark, the coefficient of tension is 1.0, and each section of coefficient of tension is allocated as follows in stove：
| Bringing-up section | Soaking zone | Slow cooling section | Rapid cooling section | Aging section 1 | Aging section 2 | Aging section 3 | Cold section eventually |
| 0.95 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.15 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Each process island total tension is calculated according to tension formula, draws the total tension setting value of each technique section.Each process island
Total tension computing formula is as follows：
Ti（Always）=τ（Unit tension）*H（Thickness）*W（Width）*кi（The coefficient of tension）
Using thickness as 0.2mm, exemplified by width is 800mm T-4 material, unit tension is 1.5kg/mm2, passes through formula meter
Calculate, soaking zone total tension is 240kg, bringing-up section total tension is 228kg, and slow cooling section total tension is 264kg, and rapid cooling section total tension is
276kg, the total tension of aging section 1 is 288kg, and the total tension of aging section 2 is 288kg, and the total tension of aging section 3 is 288kg, and whole cold section total
Tension force is 312kg.
Using the above coefficient of tension set according to the regularity of distribution of in-furnace temperature, in-furnace temperature with bringing-up section,
Soaking zone highest, with the reduction of other stoves section furnace temperature, the friction factor between strip and furnace roller can be gradually reduced, and then be caused
The frictional force of strip and roll surface progressively reduces, and in order to prevent strip sideslip when low-temperature region is run, and employs and incrementally increases
The measure of the coefficient of tension of respective regions.
Soaking zone setting tension force is no more than the 60% of basal tension, preferably 50% when drawing wooden dipper zymogenic.Build Zhang Qidong it is steady after,
Soaking zone tension force is suitably reduced, tension force lower limit is used in the case that sideslip does not occur for strip in stove as far as possible.
Draw when being built before wooden dipper zymogenic, it is to be ensured that each section of actual tension value is close to setting value, especially aging section, in stove
After internal tension is built up, if aging section tension force is relatively low or no-station pole canopy, now unit can not start, and should first wait 2-3 minutes, such as
Fruit aging section still no-station pole canopy or tension force is still smaller, then is built again after must unloading, until aging section tension force is close to setting value.
If finding that aging section tension force is greatly reduced, and should improve the coefficient of tension of correspondent section during wooden dipper zymogenic is drawn
Or total tension coefficient is improved, but to ensure that soaking zone setting tension force is no more than the 60% of a reference value, it is to avoid timeliness section strip steel is in nothing
Run under power and piling of steel phenomenon occur.If after total tension and the coefficient of tension are all improved, aging section tension force is still very low, then improves
Outlet looping tension force（Tension force setting value is in the range of 250-350kg, preferably 300kg）, the purpose is to the back of the body using outlet looping
Tension force improves aging section tension force.After after each stove section tension stability, whole cold section of a pair of the squeeze rolls of input are opened while reducing outlet looping
Power（Tension force setting value is in the range of 200-250kg, preferably 230kg）.
Before drawing wooden dipper zymogenic, it is ensured that entry loop tension force is reduced between 250kg to 350kg（Set amount is higher than total set amount
60%, the preferred 300kg of tension force setting value；Set amount is less than the 60% of total set amount, the preferred 250kg of tension force setting value）Stove during due to starting
Internal tension is small, when very moment loop tension is more than 350kg, and kink can cause stove internal tension to raise, seriously to a back of the body tension force in stove
When can aggravate wooden dipper Qu Chengdu, during less than 250kg, in kink strip due to tension force it is not enough, easy sideslip during operation.Drawing wooden dipper zymogenic
During, if sideslip occurs for strip, it is necessary to properly increase stove internal tension or the correspondent section coefficient of tension in time, prevent strip with moving back
Stove furnace wall grazing, while avoiding wooden dipper Qu Chengdu from expanding.
（3）Unit operation：Shut down post-tensioning wooden dipper zymogenic, the preferred 35mpm of unit furnace subsegment toggle speed（This speed runs opportunity
Group pressure roller can be automatically opened up, and prevented that waved surface portion position from being extruded by pressure roller and ftractureed）If, tension stability, and the bent lesser extent of wooden dipper, suitably
It can gather way, generally, the preferred 50mpm of wooden dipper zymogenic stable operation speed（Less than this speed wooden dipper zymogenic run time
It is longer, waved surface portion position cracking is easily caused when being contacted higher than this speed waved surface portion position with roll surface）.
During drawing wooden dipper zymogenic, aging section and the rapid cooling section plate temperature difference are paid close attention to, it is ensured that aging section plate temperature can not compare
Rapid cooling section plate temperature exceeds 80 DEG C, after the plate temperature difference is more than 80 DEG C, and waved surface portion position easily causes wooden dipper bent here because cooling velocity is too fast
Position strip plasticity and toughness reduction, if more than 80 DEG C, can manually opened aging section blower fan suitably cooled.Drawing wooden dipper
During zymogenic, aging section temperature is paid close attention to, it is ensured that aging section temperature is not below 250 DEG C, prevents temperature decrease, causes band
Steel plasticity and toughness reduction.
If after strip is stable in stove, outlet section need to put into a pair of squeeze rolls, prevent that belt steel surface from having water and entangling
Sideslip at inclined roller, must assure that unit is in running status when throwing squeeze roll, and the cold section of coefficient of tension is 1.5 eventually, will eventually cold section
The reason for coefficient of tension is promoted to 1.5 is prevented during squeeze roll is thrown because tension force deficiency causes strip pleat at squeeze roll
Wrinkle, 1.3 are dropped to after squeeze roll is successfully put into and stove internal tension is stable by the cold section of coefficient of tension eventually again.
If wooden dipper song position can cause CPC positional deviation corrections to extreme position, it is right manually that the later CPC of wooden dipper zymogenic is got to
Middle state, prevents that waved surface portion position wooden dipper Qu Chengdu during correction from aggravating, waits wooden dipper zymogenic to recover auto state again after pulling out stove,
Wooden dipper zymogenic enters after kink, it is necessary to set special messenger's concern, prevents that waved surface portion position from expanding in kink and causes broken belt.
（4）Abnormality processing：If wooden dipper song deteriorates, breach occurs or sideslip is close to, hard stop, outlet looping set is measured
It is reduced to 20%（This position is the safe locked position of kink, and now kink moving cart is concordant with ground, facilitates strip wooden dipper bent
The observation at position）, strip is sent into stove by crawl furnace roller and annealing furnace entrance idler, while arranging two people to go out in annealing furnace
Manual drawstring steel at mouth idler roller, at the temporary transient heap of strip to annealing furnace delivery tension roll, then crawl annealing furnace delivery tension roll
Strip is sent to kink.Inlet/outlet carries out information communication and cooperation, and point send strip length to be no more than 4 meters every time, is exported during more than 4 meters
Idler roller easily causes fold when sending strip to kink.Wooden dipper song enters after kink, it is necessary to have special messenger's concern, prevents wooden dipper song in work
Expand in set and cause broken belt.
Beneficial effect：
1. the present invention is by using existing equipment, in the case where condition is met, reasonable set bringing-up section, soaking zone radiation
Pipe temperature and aging section, rapid cooling section electric heater heating power, close slow cooling section, eventually cold section of electric heater and close all wind
The method of machine, makes in-furnace temperature steadily, slowly reduce, it is ensured that wooden dipper zymogenic is constantly in the optimal state of pliability in stove, is
The stable operation of follow-up wooden dipper zymogenic lays a solid foundation.
2. the present invention is discriminatively according to different steel grades and gauge, each stove section tension force of Discrete control, each stove section is improved
The flexibility of power setting, has broken the drawbacks of single can not controlling some unit Tensity size in conventional process, has effectively kept away
Exempted from each stove section and used single tension force, caused by different stove section strip steel sideslips and wooden dipper song aggravations the occurrence of, lead to simultaneously
Cross using low speed, the operation method of low, reached the purpose of wooden dipper zymogenic broken belt risk in effective reduction stove.
3. the present invention by building the repetitive operation with unloading, has been reached each stove section tension force actual value progressively close to setting
A drawbacks of purpose of value, it is to avoid after a key is built, part stove section no-station pole canopy or tension force less than normal, in the reasonable scope, by dynamic
State controls each stove section tension force, effectively prevent strip running deviation and is close to, and the piling of steel phenomenon run and occurred under no-station pole canopy.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 cold rolled continuous annealing unit process flow diagrams.
Each stove section schematic diagram of Fig. 2 cold rolled continuous annealing unit vertical annealing furnaces.
Fig. 3 annealing furnaces bringing-up section, soaking zone radiant tube schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 annealing furnaces slow cooling section, aging section electric heater schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 annealing furnaces rapid cooling section schematic diagram.
The drawing wooden dipper zymogenic control flow chart of Fig. 6 present invention.
In figure：1- uncoilers, 2- strips, 3- welding machines, 4- entry loops, 5- annealing furnaces, 6- squeeze rolls, 7- outlet loopings,
8- planishers, 9- coiling machines, 51- preheating sections, 52- bringing-up sections, 53- soaking zones, 54- slow cooling sections, 55- rapid cooling section, 56- aging sections
1,57- aging section 2,58- aging sections 3, cold section eventually of 59-, 10- annealing furnace entrance idlers, 11- annealing furnace delivery tension rolls, 12-
Furnace roller, 13- radiant tubes, 14- electric heaters, the fast packaged air conditioners of 15-, 16- blower fans, 17- stabilizing rollers.
Embodiment：
Refering to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and with reference to shown in Fig. 6, the control of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in this annealing furnace
Method concrete operation step is as follows：
Below using thickness as 0.2mm, exemplified by width is 800mm T-4 material, unit speed 580mpm, stove during normal production
Interior each section of profiling temperatures are as follows：
| Bringing-up section | Soaking zone | Slow cooling section | Rapid cooling section | Aging section 1 | Aging section 2 | Aging section 3 | Cold section eventually |
| 577 | 577 | 565 | 380 | 337 | 293 | 270 | 120 |
Due to the broken belt of planisher 8, compressor emergency shutdown finds that wooden dipper occurs for bringing-up section 52, the strip 2 of soaking zone 53 in monitored picture
The control method operating process of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk is as follows in song, this reduction annealing furnace：
First, cooling is shut down, annealing furnace 5 switches to cooling mode, i.e., to bringing-up section 52, the temperature of 53 radiant tube of soaking zone 13
500 DEG C of coolings of setting, rapid cooling 55 electric heaters 14 of section set 300 DEG C of coolings, close slow cooling section 54, eventually cold section of 59 electric heaters
14, aging section electric heater capacity setting 20% is incubated, and the method that 5 sections of annealing furnace takes section decelerating, drop to open makes unit stop
Come, each section of tension force of removal unit, simultaneously close off rapid cooling section 55, eventually cold section of 59 blower fans 16, open rapid cooling 55 stabilizing rollers 17 of section and fast
Packaged air conditioner 15, opens cold section of 59 squeeze rolls 6 eventually, carries out release to the entrance buffer roll of annealing furnace 5 in time, it is ensured that at strip steel at entry 2
In relaxed state, strip 2 excessively tightens phenomenon caused by expanding with heat and contract with cold during preventing descent of temperature, is prevented effectively from stove
The interior wooden dipper Qu Chengdu of strip 2 occurs aggravating or is broken.
Secondly, tension force setting, when the furnace temperature of hot arc 52 to be added drops to less than 500 degree, according to gauge in stove and steel grade, in stove
Each section of tension force carries out each section of coefficient of tension in reasonable set, stove and is allocated as follows：
| Bringing-up section | Soaking zone | Slow cooling section | Rapid cooling section | Aging section 1 | Aging section 2 | Aging section 3 | Cold section eventually |
| 0.95 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.15 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Tension force on the basis of soaking zone 53：Ti（Always）=τ（Unit tension）*H（Thickness）*W（Width）*кi（The coefficient of tension）*
0.5, i.e. 1.5kg/mm2 × 0.2mm × 800m × 0.5 are 120kg, and other each section of tension force are corresponding coefficient of tension value.In stove
After the completion of tension force setting, it is ensured that unit meets entry condition, notify that entrance operating personnel receives to strip 2 at entrance buffer roll
Tightly, unit annealing furnace section is built, after the completion of building, it is to be ensured that each section of actual tension value close to setting value, especially aging section,
After stove internal tension is built up, if aging section tension force is relatively low or no-station pole canopy, now unit can not start, and should first wait 2-3 points
Clock, if aging section still no-station pole canopy or tension force is still less than normal, builds again after must unloading, until aging section tension force is close to setting
Value.If finding that aging section tension force is greatly reduced, and should improve the coefficient of tension of correspondent section or carry during wooden dipper zymogenic is drawn
High total tension coefficient, but to ensure that soaking zone 53 sets tension force to be no more than the 60% of a reference value, it is to avoid timeliness section strip steel is in no-station pole canopy
During lower operation, there is piling of steel phenomenon.If after total tension and the coefficient of tension are all improved, aging section tension force is still very low, then improves
The tension force of outlet looping 7（Tension force setting value is in the range of 250-350kg, preferably 300kg）, after after each stove section tension stability, put into
Whole cold section of 59 a pair of squeeze rolls 6, while reducing the tension force of outlet looping 7（Tension force setting value is in the range of 200-250kg, preferably
230kg）.
Before drawing wooden dipper zymogenic, it is ensured that the tension force of entry loop 4 is reduced between 250kg to 350kg（Set amount is higher than total set amount
60%, the preferred 300kg of tension force setting value；Set amount is less than the 60% of total set amount, the preferred 250kg of tension force setting value）.Drawing wooden dipper zymogenic
During if strip 2 occur sideslip, it is necessary to properly increase stove internal tension or the correspondent section coefficient of tension in time, prevent strip 2 and
The furnace wall grazing of annealing furnace 5, while avoiding wooden dipper Qu Chengdu from expanding.
Finally, unit operation, shuts down post-tensioning wooden dipper zymogenic, the preferred 35mpm of unit furnace subsegment toggle speed, if tension force is steady
It is fixed, and the bent lesser extent of wooden dipper, it can suitably gather way, generally, the preferred 50mpm of wooden dipper zymogenic stable operation speed.
During drawing wooden dipper zymogenic, aging section and the rapid cooling 55 plate temperature difference of section are paid close attention to, it is ensured that aging section plate temperature can not
55 exceed 80 DEG C than rapid cooling section, if more than 80 DEG C, can manually opened aging section blower fan 16 suitably cooled.Drawing wooden dipper bent
During material, aging section temperature is paid close attention to, it is ensured that aging section temperature is not less than 250 DEG C, prevent temperature decrease, and cause wooden dipper bent
Degree expands.
After strip in stove 2 is stable, outlet section need to put into a pair of squeeze rolls 6, prevent that from there is water on the surface of strip 2 and entangling
Sideslip at inclined roller, must assure that unit is in running status when throwing squeeze roll 6, and cold section of 59 coefficients of tension are 1.5 eventually, wait to extract
Roller 6 successfully puts into and cold section of 59 coefficients of tension eventually is dropped into 1.3 again after stove internal tension stabilization.
If wooden dipper song position can cause CPC positional deviation corrections to extreme position, it is right manually that the later CPC of wooden dipper zymogenic is got to
Middle state, prevents that waved surface portion position wooden dipper Qu Chengdu during correction from aggravating, waits wooden dipper zymogenic to recover auto state again after pulling out stove,
Wooden dipper zymogenic enters after kink, it is necessary to set special messenger's concern, prevents that waved surface portion position from expanding in kink and causes broken belt.
It the above is only highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for the present invention includes but is not limited to disclosed in above-described embodiment
Technical scheme, unaccomplished matter of the invention belongs to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of reduce the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in annealing furnace, it is characterized in that：This method comprises the following steps：
（1）Shut down cooling：It was found that after strip wooden dipper is bent in stove, annealing furnace switches to cooling mode, while unit uses section decelerating
Method unit is stopped, after compressor emergency shutdown, each section of tension force of removal unit, simultaneously close off rapid cooling section, eventually cold section of blower fan, open
Rapid cooling section stabilizing roller and bellows, open cold section of squeeze roll eventually；Release is carried out to annealing furnace entrance buffer roll in time, it is ensured that entrance band
Steel is in relaxed state；
（2）Tension force is set：Each process island total tension is calculated according to tension formula, draws the total tension setting value of each technique section,
Each process island total tension computing formula is：Ti=τ×H×W×кi,
In formula：Each process island total tensions of Ti-, unit is kg,
τ-unit tension, unit is kg/mm2,
H- thickness, unit is mm,
W- width, unit is mm,
кi- the coefficient of tension；
（3）Unit operation：Post-tensioning wooden dipper zymogenic is shut down, unit furnace subsegment toggle speed is 35mpm, and wooden dipper zymogenic stable operation speed is
50mpm, during drawing wooden dipper zymogenic, will pay close attention to aging section and the rapid cooling section plate temperature difference, it is ensured that aging section plate temperature can not be than fast
Cold section of plate temperature exceeds 80 DEG C, it is ensured that aging section temperature is not below 250 DEG C；
（4）Abnormality processing：If wooden dipper song deteriorates, breach occurs or sideslip is close to, hard stop, by the reduction of outlet looping set amount
To 20%, strip is sent into stove by crawl furnace roller and annealing furnace entrance idler, at the same by the temporary transient heap of strip to annealing outlet of still
At idler roller, then crawl annealing furnace delivery tension roll send strip to kink, and point send strip length to be no more than 4 meters every time.
2. the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in reduction annealing furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Step
（1）Described in cooling bringing-up section, soaking zone furnace temperature is gently reduced and maintain 500 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, make rapid cooling section furnace temperature drop
It is low and maintain 300 DEG C ± 10 DEG C；Slow cooling section, rapid cooling section electric heater are closed, the heating work(of aging section electric heater setting 20%
Rate, makes aging section furnace temperature slowly reduce and be incubated at 260 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, described gentle reduction refer to cooling rate for 180 DEG C/
Hour.
3. the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in reduction annealing furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Step
（1）Described in section decelerating refer to reduction of speed amplitude be 50-100mpm.
4. the control method of wooden dipper zymogenic operation risk in reduction annealing furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Step
（3）Described in unit running process in after strip is stable in stove, outlet section need to put into a pair of squeeze rolls, prevent strip
Surface have water and at deviation rectification roller sideslip, throw squeeze roll when must assure that unit be in running status, and eventually the cold section of coefficient of tension
For 1.5, the cold section of coefficient of tension eventually is dropped to 1.3 again after squeeze roll is successfully put into and stove internal tension is stable.
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| CN110714116B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-12-15 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Method for stopping in thin-specification strip steel annealing furnace for rapid production recovery |
| CN111411214B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-11-23 | 新余钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preventing buckling and deflection in strip steel continuous annealing furnace with thickness of not more than 0.5mm |
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