CN105313888B - 用于启动混合动力车辆的发动机的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于启动混合动力车辆的发动机的方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105313888B
CN105313888B CN201510479331.2A CN201510479331A CN105313888B CN 105313888 B CN105313888 B CN 105313888B CN 201510479331 A CN201510479331 A CN 201510479331A CN 105313888 B CN105313888 B CN 105313888B
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torque
engine
power train
generator
response
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CN105313888A (zh
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A·O`C·吉普森
F·涅多列佐夫
S·李
J·A·多林
姜洪
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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    • F02N11/0825Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to prevention of engine restart failure, e.g. disabling automatic stop at low battery state
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    • F02N11/0837Environmental conditions thereof, e.g. traffic, weather or road conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/04Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the starter motor
    • F02N2200/042Starter torque
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/08Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F02N2200/0801Vehicle speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/08Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F02N2200/0808Steering state, e.g. state of power assisted steering
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/12Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F02N2200/124Information about road conditions, e.g. road inclination or surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/10Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
    • F02N2300/104Control of the starter motor torque
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
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Abstract

本申请涉及用于启动混合动力车辆的发动机的方法和系统。公开了用于启动混合动力车辆发动机的系统和方法。所公开的系统和方法可以应用到串行或并行的混合动力传动系配置中。在一个示例中,可以响应于各种工况调整发动机起动转动扭矩,从而可以更快或更慢地启动发动机。

Description

用于启动混合动力车辆的发动机的方法和系统
技术领域
本说明书涉及用于启动混合动力车辆的发动机的系统和方法。该系统和方法对包含电动马达和发动机的混合动力车辆特别有用。
背景技术
混合动力车辆的发动机可以被启动以满足驾驶员需求扭矩,对电能存储器件再充电使乘客厢变暖,或者是为了其他的原因而被启动。可以经由电机启动发动机,该电机供应扭矩给混合动力车辆的传动系以便推进车辆。但是,如果发动机启动导致了传动系扭矩扰动,则对于驾驶员来说发动机启动可以是引人注意的并且是令人讨厌的。进一步地,如果驾驶员认识到驾驶员需求扭矩在正在启动发动机时没有被满足,则驾驶员可以发现发动机启动是令人厌烦的。出于这些原因,可期望的是提供一种启动发动机的方法,其可以减小驾驶员注意到传动系扭矩扰动的可能性并且减少驾驶员需求扭矩响应。
发明内容
本发明人已经认识到了上文提到的缺点并且已经开发出了一种传动系方法,其包括:估计传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备;响应于传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备低于阈值,供应第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及响应于传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备大于阈值,供应不同于第一扭矩的第二扭矩以启动发动机。
通过响应于传动系集成起动机/发电机(DISG)扭矩储备而供应不同的扭矩以启动发动机,提供减少传动系扭矩扰动并且改进对驾驶员需求扭矩的扭矩响应的技术效果是可能的。例如,如果车辆状况指示DISG扭矩储备是低的,则增加的DISG扭矩可以被传递到发动机以便可以更快地启动发动机从而改进传动系扭矩响应并且有助于满足驾驶员需求扭矩。另一方面,如果DISG扭矩储备是高的,则较少的DISG扭矩可以被传递给发动机以便额外的DISG扭矩可以用于满足车辆工况,进而减少传动系扭矩扰动。
在另一实施例中,传动系方法包括:响应于道路的第一状况,供应第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及响应于道路的第二状况,供应不同于第一扭矩的第二扭矩以启动发动机。
在另一实施例中,第一扭矩足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。
在另一实施例中,第二扭矩不足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。
在另一实施例中,道路的状况是道路坡度。
在另一实施例中,道路的状况是抵达十字路口。
在另一实施例中,十字路口是轨道道路十字路口。
在另一实施例中,道路的状况是道路粗糙量。
在另一实施例中,提供了传动系系统。该传动系系统包括:发动机;电机;在发动机和电机之间定位的传动系断开离合器;以及控制器,控制器包含存储在非暂时性存储器内的可执行指令以便在第一模式下经由电机启动发动机,在第一模式下发动机起动转动扭矩足以将发动机加速到电机的转速,以及在第二模式下启动发动机,其中在第二模式下发动机起动转动扭矩不足以将发动机加速到电机的转速,以及调整传动系断开离合器的滑动以便在第一和第二模式下提供发动机起动转动扭矩。
在另一实施例中,传动系系统进一步包括额外的指令,以便估计传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备,并且基于传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备而进入第一或第二模式。
在另一实施例中,道路的状况是道路坡度。
本说明书可以提供多个优点。例如,该方法可以减少传动系扭矩扰动。此外,该方法可以提供改进对驾驶员需求扭矩的传动系响应。进一步,可以应用该方法以改进汽油和柴油发动机的启动。
本说明书的以上优点和其他优点以及特征在单独进行或者结合附图时在之后的具体实施方式中将会是显而易见的。
应该理解的是,提供以上内容以便用简化的形式引入选择的概念,这些概念将在具体实施方式中被进一步描述。但这并非意在识别所声明主题的关键或本质特征,所声明主题的范围由具体实施方式之后的权利要求书唯一地限定。而且,所声明主题并不局限于解决上文或本公开任何部分内指出的任何缺点的实施方式。
附图说明
本文所述的优点在单独拿出或参照附图时通过阅读在此被称为具体实施方式的实施例的示例将会被更加全面地理解,其中:
图1是发动机的示意图;
图2示出示例车辆传动系配置;
图3示出示例发动机启动顺序;以及
图4示出启动混合动力车辆发动机的示例方法。
具体实施方式
本说明书涉及到改进启动混合动力车辆的发动机。发动机可以是如图1所示的汽油发动机。替换地,发动机可以是柴油或气体燃料(如,天然气)发动机。发动机可以被并入如图2所示的混合动力传动系内。图1和图2的系统内的发动机可以如图3中的顺序所示地启动。根据图4中的方法可以启动发动机。
参考图1,内燃机10包括多个汽缸,多个汽缸中的一个汽缸被显示在图1内,内燃机10由电子发动机控制器12控制。发动机10包含燃烧室30和汽缸壁32,活塞36被定位在汽缸壁32内并且连接到曲轴40。飞轮97和环形齿轮99被连接到曲轴40。起动机96包含小齿轮轴98和小齿轮95。小齿轮轴98可以选择性地推动小齿轮95以啮合环形齿轮99。起动机96可以被直接安装到发动机的前部或发动机的后端。在一些示例中,起动机96可以经由皮带或链条选择性地供应扭矩给曲轴40。在一个示例中,起动机96在不啮合到发动机曲轴时处于基本状态。燃烧室30被显示为分别通过进气门52和排气门54与进气歧管44和排气歧管48连通。每个进气门和排气门可以由进气凸轮51和排气凸轮53操作。进气凸轮51的方位可以由进气凸轮传感器55来确定。排气凸轮53的方位可以由排气凸轮传感器57来确定。
所示的燃料喷射器66被定位以将燃料直接喷射到汽缸30内,这就是本领域技术人员公知的直接喷射。替换地,可以将燃料喷射到进气道,这就是本领域技术人员公知的进气道喷射。燃料喷射器66与来自控制器12的脉冲宽度成比例地输送液体燃料。通过包含燃料箱、燃料泵以及燃料导轨(未示出)的燃料系统(未示出)将燃料输送到燃料喷射器66。
此外,进气歧管44被示为与涡轮压缩机162连通。轴161将涡轮增压器涡轮164机械连接到涡轮增压器压缩机162。可选的电子节气门62调整节流板64的方位以控制从空气进气口42到压缩机162和进气歧管44的空气流动。在一个示例中,可以使用高压双级燃料系统生成更高的燃料压力。在一些示例中,可以将节气门62和节流板64定位在进气门52和进气歧管44之间,从而节气门62成为进气道节气门。
无分电器点火系统88响应于控制器12经由火花塞92向燃烧室30提供点火火花。宽域排气氧(UEGO)传感器126被示为连接到催化转化器70上游的排气歧管48。替换地,双态排气氧传感器可以被替换为UEGO传感器126。
在一个示例中,转化器70能够包含多个催化剂砖。在另一示例中,可以使用多个排放控制器件,其中每个排放控制器件具有多个催化剂砖。在一个示例中,转化器70可以是三元型催化剂。
图1中所示的控制器12为常规的微型计算机,其包含:微处理器单元102、输入/输出端口104、只读存储器106(例如,非暂时性存储器)、随机存取存储器108、保活存储器110以及常规数据总线。控制器12被显示为从连接到发动机10的传感器中接收各种信号,除了先前论述的那些信号之外,还包含:来自连接到冷却套筒114的温度传感器112的发动机冷却剂温度;连接到加速器踏板130的用于感测由脚132施加的力的方位传感器134;连接到制动器踏板150的用于感测由脚152施加的力的方位传感器154;来自连接到进气歧管44的压力传感器122的发动机歧管压力(MAP)的测量值;来自感测曲轴40方位的霍尔效应传感器118的发动机方位传感器;来自传感器120的进入发动机的空气质量的测量值;来自测斜仪35的道路坡度的测量;来自加速计36的车辆加速度的测量;来自拖车容器37的拖车拖挂的指示;来自悬架高度传感器38的道路粗糙度的测量;来自传感器39的四轮驱动啮合的指示;来自摄像机或GPS传感器46的十字路口的指示;来自传感器47的驾驶员选择的快速启动的指示;来自传感器43的转向角度(steering angle)的指示;以及来自传感器38的节气门方位的测量值。
也可以感测(未示出传感器)大气压力以便于控制器12处理。在本说明书的优选方面,发动机方位传感器118在曲轴的每个旋转都产生预订数量的等间距脉冲,由此可以确定发动机转速(RPM)。
在一些示例中,可以将发动机连接到如图2所示混合动力车辆内的电动马达/电池系统。进一步地,在一些示例中,可以运用其他的发动机配置,例如柴油发动机。
在操作期间,发动机10内的每个汽缸一般经历四个冲程循环:该循环包含进气冲程、压缩冲程、膨胀冲程以及排气冲程。在进气冲程期间,通常,排气门54关闭并且进气门52打开。空气经由进气歧管44被引入燃烧室30内,并且活塞36移动到汽缸的底部从而增加燃烧室30内的容积。活塞36接近汽缸的底部并且在其冲程的末端时(例如,当燃烧室30处于其最大容积之时)的方位一般被本领域技术人员称为下止点(BDC)。在压缩冲程期间,关闭进气门52和排气门54。活塞36朝向汽缸盖移动从而压缩燃烧室30内的空气。
活塞36处于其冲程的末端并且最靠近汽缸盖时(例如,当燃烧室30处于其最小容积之时)所处的点一般被本领域技术人员称为上止点(TDC)。在下文被称为喷射的过程中,燃料被引入到燃烧室内。在下位被称为点火的过程中,喷射的燃料被已知的点火工具例如火花塞92点燃,导致了燃烧。在膨胀冲程期间,膨胀的气体把活塞36推回BDC。曲轴40将活塞运动转换成旋转轴的旋转扭矩。最后,在排气冲程期间,排气门54打开以便将燃烧后的空燃混合气释放到排气歧管48并且活塞返回到TDC。注意,以上内容仅仅显示为示例,并且进气门和排气门的打开正时和/或关闭正时可以变化,以便提供正气门重叠或负气门重叠、迟进气门关闭或各种其他的示例。
图2是包含传动系200的车辆225的方框图。图2的传动系包含图1内所示的发动机10。传动系200可以由发动机10提供动力。发动机10可以用图1中所示的发动机启动系统或者经由传动系集成起动机/发电机(DISG)240而被启动。DISG 240也可以被称为电机、马达和/或发电机。进一步地,可以通过扭矩驱动器204(例如燃料喷射器、节气门等)来调整发动机10的扭矩。
发动机输出扭矩可以通过双质量飞轮215被传递到传动系断开离合器236的输入侧。断开离合器236可以被电动地或液压地致动。断开离合器236的下游侧被显示为机械连接到DISG输入轴237。
可以操作DISG 240以提供扭矩给传动系200,或者将传动系扭矩转换成电能以便存储在电能存储设备275中。DISG 240具有比图1中所示起动机96更高的输出扭矩容量。进一步地,DISG 240可直接驱动传动系200或者由传动系200直接驱动。没有皮带、齿轮或链条将DISG 240连接到传动系200。相反地,DISG 240以与传动系200相同的速度旋转。电能存储设备275可以是电池、电容器或电感器。DISG 240的下游侧经由轴241被机械连接到变矩器206的叶轮285。DISG 240的上游侧被机械连接到断开离合器236。
变矩器206包含涡轮286以便输出扭矩给输入轴270。输入轴270将变矩器206机械连接到自动变速器208。变矩器206还包含变矩器旁通锁止离合器212(TCC)。当锁定TCC时,将扭矩从叶轮285直接转移到涡轮286。TCC被控制器12电动地操作。替换地,TCC可以被液压地锁定。在一个示例中,变矩器可以被称为变速器的组件。
当变矩器锁止离合器212被完全脱离时,变矩器206通过变矩器涡轮286和变矩器叶轮285之间的流体转移将发动机扭矩传递给自动变速器208,从而实现了扭矩的倍增。相比之下,当变矩器锁止离合器212被完全啮合时,发动机输出扭矩经由变矩器离合器而被直接转移到变速器208的输入轴(未示出)。替换地,变矩器锁止离合器212可以被部分地啮合,从而使得直接传送给变速器的扭矩量能够被调整。控制器12可以被配置为通过响应于各种发动机工况或者根据基于驾驶员的发动机操作请求来调整变矩器锁止离合器进而调整由变矩器212传递的扭矩量。
自动变速器208包含档位离合器(例如,档位1-6)211和前进离合器210。档位离合器211和前进离合器210可以被选择性地啮合以便推进车辆。来自自动变速器208的扭矩输出可以被进而传送到车轮216以便经由输出轴260推进车辆。具体地说,在将输出驱动扭矩传递给车轮216之前,自动变速器208可以响应于车辆行进状况来转移输入轴270处的输入驱动扭矩。变速器208还包含变速器温度传感器291用于确定变速器的油温。
进一步地,摩擦力通过啮合车轮制动器218可以被施加给车轮216。在一个示例中,车轮制动器218可以响应于驾驶员将他的脚踩在制动器踏板(未示出)上而被啮合。在其他的示例中,控制器12或与控制器12链接的控制器可以施加啮合车轮制动器。用同样的方式,响应于驾驶员从制动器踏板释放他的脚,通过脱离车轮制动器218可以减小给车轮216的摩擦力。进一步地,车辆制动器作为自动发动机停止程序的一部分可以经由控制器12将摩擦力施加给车轮216。车辆速度可以经由速度传感器289来确定。
如图1中更详细地所示的,控制器12可以被配置为从发动机10中接收输入,并且因此控制发动机的扭矩输出和/或变矩器、变速器、DISG、离合器和/或制动器的操作。作为一个示例,发动机扭矩输出可以通过如下而被控制:调整火花正时、燃料脉冲宽度、燃料脉冲正时和/或空气充气的组合;通过控制节气门打开和/或气门正时、气门升程以及涡轮或机械增压发动机的升压。在柴油发动机的情况下,控制器12可以通过控制燃料脉冲宽度、燃料脉冲正时以及空气充气的组合来控制发动机扭矩输出。在各种情况下,可以在逐缸的基础上进行发动机控制以便控制发动机扭矩输出。控制器12还可以通过调整流向和流出本领域内公知的DISG的场和/或电枢绕组的电流来控制DISG的扭矩输出和电能产生。
当符合怠速停止条件时,控制器12可以通过切断给发动机的燃料和火花来开始发动机停机。但是,在一些示例中,发动机可以继续旋转。进一步地,为了维持变速器的扭矩量,控制器12可以使变速器208的旋转元件接地到变速器箱259,并且进而接地到车身框架。当符合发动机重启条件和/或车辆操作者想要启动车辆时,控制器12可以通过起动转动发动机10和恢复汽缸燃烧来重新激活发动机10。
因此,图1和图2的系统提供了一种传动系系统,其包括:发动机;电机;被定位在发动机和电机之间的传动系断开离合器;以及控制器,其包含用于在第一模式下经由电机启动发动机的存储在非暂时性存储器内的可执行指令,发动机起动转动扭矩在第一模式下足以将发动机加速到电机的转速,以及在第二模式下启动发动机,其中发动机起动转动扭矩在第二模式下不足以将发动机加速到电机的转速,以及调整传动系断开离合器的滑动以便在第一和第二模式下提供发动机起动转动扭矩。
传动系系统还包括额外的指令,以便估计传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备,并且基于传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备而进入第一或第二模式。传动系系统还包括额外的指令,以便基于道路的状况进入第一和第二模式。传动系系统还包含其中道路的状况是道路坡度。
现在参考图3,其示出示例混合车辆发动机启动顺序。图3中的顺序可以由执行图4的方法的图1和图2中的系统提供。
从图3顶部开始的第一图表是发动机启动请求随时间的图表。发动机启动请求可以由驾驶员或控制器发起。驾驶员可以通过操作钥匙或按钮开关来发起发动机启动。控制器可以响应于车辆工况自动地发起发动机启动。Y轴表示发动机启动请求的状态。发动机启动请求在发动机启动轨迹处于接近Y轴箭头的较高水平时生效(assert)。发动机启动请求在发动机操作时保持生效。X轴表示时间并且时间从图3的左侧到图3的右侧增加。
从图3顶部开始的第二图表是传动系断开离合器扭矩传递容量随时间的图表。Y轴表示传动系断开离合器扭矩传递容量并且扭矩传递容量在Y轴箭头的方向内增加。传动系断开离合器扭矩传递容量是传动系断开离合器可从一个设备转移到另一个设备(例如,从DISG到发动机)的扭矩量。X轴表示时间,并且时间从图3的左侧增加到图3的右侧。
从图3顶部开始的第三图表是发动机转速随时间的图表。Y轴表示发动机转速并且发动机转速在Y轴箭头的方向内增加。X轴表示时间并且时间从图3的左侧增加到图3的右侧。
从图3顶部开始的第四图表是驾驶员需求扭矩随时间的图表。Y轴表示驾驶员需求扭矩并且驾驶员需求扭矩在Y轴箭头的方向内增加。在一个示例中,可以从车辆速度和加速器踏板方位来确定驾驶员需求扭矩。X轴表示时间并且时间从图3的左侧增加到图3的右侧。
从图3顶部开始的第五图表是电池荷电状态(SOC)随时间的图表。可以从电池电压或经由库仑计数来估计电池SOC。电池SOC在Y轴箭头的方向内增加。X轴表示时间并且时间从图3的左侧增加到图3的右侧。水平线304指示低电池SOC阈值。当电池SOC小于阈值304时,电池处于低SOC。当电池SOC大于阈值304,电池不处于低SOC。
从图3顶部开始的第六图表是道路坡度随时间的图表。可以用例如测斜仪或加速计的仪器估计道路坡度。在一些示例中,道路坡度可以被表述为角度。道路坡度在Y轴箭头的方向内增加。X轴以上的道路坡度是正的(例如,上坡)并且X轴以下的道路坡度是负的(例如,下坡)。X轴表示时间并且时间从图3的左侧增加到图3的右侧。
在时间T0处,发动机启动请求未被生效并且发动机转速为零,这指示发动机停止并且处于静止。传动系断开离合器扭矩为零,指示传动系断开离合器处于打开状态。驾驶员需求扭矩是低的并且电池SOC正在下降。DISG(未示出)可以在这种状况期间推进车辆。道路坡度为零。
在时间T1处,电池SOC被减小到小于阈值水平304。因此,正如过渡到更高水平的发动机启动请求所指示的,响应于低的SOC而发起发动机启动请求。传动系断开离合器被部分关闭以便提供来自DISG(未示出)的少量的发动机起动转动扭矩给发动机。发动机采用低扭矩起动转动并且没有用足够的扭矩起动转动发动机以便将发动机加速到DISG转速(未示出)。驾驶员需求扭矩保持处于较低的水平并且道路坡度保持处于较低的水平。低道路坡度和低驾驶员需求扭矩提供了DISG可以具有足够的扭矩容量以满足车辆工况的指示,从而没有必要将发动机快速加速到DISG转速。更确切地说,可以使用少量的DISG扭矩启动发动机,从而DISG可以同时满足车辆扭矩要求和发动机启动扭矩。电池SOC在DISG消耗电荷以推进车辆并且启动发动机时继续下降。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T2处,发动机已经启动并且以其自己的动力加速到DISG转速(未示出),其中传动系断开离合器扭矩容量被增加以完全关闭传动系断开离合器。发动机启动请求保持被生效并且驾驶员需求扭矩开始增加。电池SOC也开始在关闭传动系断开离合器之后增加。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T2和时间T3之间,随着发动机扭矩被转换成电能,电池SOC被增加。发动机转速响应于变化的驾驶员需求扭矩而发生变化。发动机启动请求保持被生效并且传动系断开离合器扭矩容量保持处于高水平,传动系断开离合器在该高水平下被完全关闭。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T3处,响应于电池SOC处于高水平并且驾驶员需求扭矩处于较低的中间水平,发动机启动请求过渡到较低的水平。发动机转速在发动机旋转停止并且发动机静止下来时被减小到零。发动机可以通过终止给发动机供应火花和燃料而停止。传动系断开离合器也打开,从而当发动机不正在燃烧空燃混合气时DISG不必旋转发动机。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T4处,驾驶员增加驾驶员需求扭矩并且响应于驾驶员需求扭矩的增加生效发动机启动请求。传动系断开离合器扭矩容量被迅速增加以便将发动机加速到DISG转速。可以通过将DISG扭矩转移给发动机将发动机加速到DISG转速。火花和燃料在发动机加速到DISG转速时可以被供应给发动机。相比于如果发动机自身加速到DISG转速,经由DISG和传动系断开离合器将发动机加速到DISG转速可以允许发动机达到更快地将发动机扭矩输送给传动系的条件。电池SOC随着发动机启动以将扭矩供应给传动系开始增加。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T4和时间T5之间,随着发动机扭矩被转换成电能而增加电池SOC。发动机转速响应于变化的驾驶员需求扭矩而发生变化。发动机启动请求保持被生效并且传动系断开离合器扭矩容量保持处于高水平,传动系断开离合器在该高水平下被完全关闭。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T5处,响应于电池SOC处于高水平和驾驶员需求扭矩处于较低水平,发动机启动请求过渡到较低的水平。发动机转速在发动机旋转停止并且发动机静止下来时被减小到零。可以通过终止向发动机供应火花和燃料来停止发动机。传动系断开离合器也会打开,从而当发动机没有正在燃烧空燃混合气时DISG不必旋转发动机。道路坡度保持为零。
在时间T6处,车辆已经继续行进到目的地,道路坡度在目的地已经经由DISG而增加。增加的道路坡度可以被解释为可以导致发动机启动以满足驾驶员需求扭矩的条件。因此,道路坡度可以是驾驶员需求扭矩超过阈值水平之前重启发动机的基础,从而发动机扭矩在驾驶员需求扭矩增加到DISG缺少容量来提供驾驶员需求扭矩的水平时是可用的。用这种方式,道路坡度在即将需要发动机启动时可以作为预期的标准。
响应于道路坡度的增加生效发动机启动请求。进一步地,由于道路坡度可以指示电池SOC的减小以及驾驶员需求扭矩的进一步增加(由此DISG可能缺少扭矩容量),可以进行发动机被立即加速到DISG转速的快速或迅速的发动机启动。发动机通过增加传动系断开离合器扭矩和关闭传动系断开离合器可以被加速到DISG转速。
在时间T6处的迅速发动机启动可以与时间T2处所示的较慢的发动机启动比较,其中经由传动系断开离合器向发动机提供DISG扭矩以便实现起动转动转速而不是DISG转速。迅速的发动机启动可以允许发动机比如果发动机使其自身加速到DISG转速更快地将扭矩供应给传动系。
以这种方式,可以不同地调整发动机启动扭矩以用于不同的发动机启动。当期望DISG能够在较长期间的时间内提供所请求的扭矩时,可以在该状况期间通过滑动传动系断开离合器来供应较低的扭矩从而起动转动发动机。当不期望DISG能够提供所请求的扭矩达较长时间段时,可以供应更高的扭矩来将发动机加速到DISG转速。
现在参考图4,其示出启动混合动力车辆发动机的方法。图4中的方法可以提供图3中所示的操作顺序。此外,图4中的方法可以被包含在图1和图2的系统内作为存储在非暂时性存储器内的可执行指令。
在402处,方法400判断是否有发动机启动请求。经由驾驶员操作钥匙或按钮开关、钥匙链正在车厢的接近范围内、控制器改变比特或输出的状态、或者经由请求发动机启动请求的其他已知方式可以生成发动机启动请求。如果方法400判断发动机启动请求是存在的,则答复为是并且方法400继续进行到404。否则,答复是否并且方法400继续进行以退出。
在404处,方法400确定道路坡度并且确定道路坡度是否大于阈值道路坡度。正道路坡度可以作为不久将需要发动机扭矩的指示的基础。负道路坡度可以作为不久将不需要发动机扭矩的指示。道路坡度可以经由测斜仪35来确定或者被推测出。道路坡度可以通过求解用于道路坡度的以下等式来确定:
Tw1=Rrr·Mv·g·sin(θ1)+Trl
其中Tw1是可以基于变速器齿轮比、发动机扭矩以及变矩器扭矩倍增比估计的车轮扭矩;Rrr是车辆的车轮滚动半径;Mv是车辆质量;g是引力常数;θ1是道路坡度角度;以及Tr1是道路负载扭矩。Tr1可以从滑坡下行数据根据经验确定,Rrr可以被存储在存储器内;以及车辆质量可以同样被存储在存储器内并且根据例如车辆行车高度的工况来调整。
道路坡度可以被确定并且被存储在存储器内。进一步地,道路坡度可与阈值道路坡度对比,并且如果道路坡度是正的并且大于阈值正道路坡度,则变量被设置为数值1。此外,如果道路坡度是负的,则道路坡度可以与负道路坡度对比。如果道路坡度是负的且小于阈值负道路坡度,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。在确定道路坡度之后,方法400继续进行到406。
在406,方法400确定车辆质量。通过在404处求解用于Mv的等式可以估计车辆质量。替换地,车辆质量可以根据加速计的输出而被估计。估计的车辆质量可以被存储到存储器内并且与阈值车辆质量对比。如果估计的车辆质量大于阈值车辆质量,则变量被设置为数值1。车辆质量比如道路坡度可以指示出,由于更大的车辆质量要求更大的扭矩以维持与较低的车辆质量相同的加速率,所以必须快速启动发动机。因此,可以推测出,由于可能需要额外的扭矩来将车辆加速,所以发动机比如果存在基本的车辆质量将会更快地被启动。在车辆质量被确定并且被存储到存储器内之后,方法400继续进行到408。进一步地,如果车辆质量大于阈值车辆质量,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量是数值0。
在408处,方法400确定车辆是否正在牵引着拖车。如果在拖车插座处检测到外挂,则可以确定车辆牵引着拖车(trailer)。可以根据感测电压或阻抗变化来检测外挂。拖车牵引的指示也可以指示出,发动机启动在相似的行驶条件期间比起没有拖车将会更快地被请求。拖车牵引指示比如车辆质量的增加可以指示出,由于牵引拖车会增加车辆质量以及更大的车辆质量要求更高的扭矩以便维持与较低的车辆质量相同的加速的速率,所以必须快速启动发动机。因此,可以推测出,由于可能需要额外的扭矩来将车辆加速,所以与如果没有拖车相比,将会更快地启动发动机。在确定车辆质量之后,方法400继续进行到408。进一步地,如果确定拖车牵引,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在410处,方法400确定是否有粗糙的道路。如果车辆悬架传感器检测到车辆高度的变化大于阈值,则可以确定正在粗糙的道路上操作车辆。粗糙道路的指示也可以指示出,发动机启动在相似的行驶条件期间与如果车辆没有行进在粗糙的道路上比较将会更快地被请求。粗糙的道路指示可以指示出,车辆由于道路状况必须更加频繁地被减速或加速,所以必须快速地启动发动机。频繁的加速可以以比在恒定速度下操作车辆更高的速率消耗电池电荷。因此,可以推测出,由于可能需要额外的扭矩来更加频繁地对车辆加速,所以发动机与如果没有粗糙的道路相比将必须更快地被启动。在确定粗糙的道路状况之后,方法400继续进行到412。此外,如果确定粗糙的道路,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在412处,方法400确定车辆是否是四轮驱动。如果车辆驱动模式传感器检测到4×4模式的啮合,则可以确定车辆以四轮驱动方式操作。以四轮驱动方式操作车辆也可以指示,发动机启动在相似行驶条件期间与如果车辆不是以四轮驱动方式操作相比将更快地被请求。四轮驱动模式道路指示可以指示出,由于车辆的传动系在啮合四轮驱动时可以更低效率地操作,所以必须更快地启动发动机。因此,可以推测出,由于可能需要额外的扭矩来加速车辆,所以与如果车辆不是四轮驱动相比,将必须更快地启动发动机。在确定四轮驱动模式之后,方法400继续进行到414。此外,如果确定了四轮驱动模式被啮合,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在414处,方法400确定变速器温度(例如,变速器油温)是否小于阈值温度。变速器温度小于阈值温度可以指示出,与如果变速器温度处于较高的水平相比,可期望的增加的传动系摩擦导致更快的发动机启动请求。在确定变速器温度之后,方法400继续进行到416。此外,如果变速器温度小于阈值温度,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在416处,方法400确定驾驶员需求扭矩是否大于阈值扭矩。如果道路坡度大于阈值、4×4模式有效、牵引有效、车辆质量大于阈值、粗糙的道路状况存在以及变速器温度小于阈值,则可以减小阈值扭矩。在确定驾驶员需求扭矩是否大于阈值之后,方法400继续进行到418。此外,如果驾驶员需求扭矩大于阈值扭矩,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在418处,方法400确定转向角度是否大于阈值。转向角度大于阈值可以指示出,车辆并入车流(例如,公路),在车流处可以期望与如果转向角度小于阈值水平的地方相比发动机启动请求将会更快地发生。在确定转向角度之后,方法400继续进行到420。此外,如果转向角度大于阈值角,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在420处,方法400确定车辆是否处于十字路口。十字路口可以是与另一道路或轨道道路的十字路口。可以经由车载GPS或摄像机来确定十字路口的存在。十字路口的存在可以指示期望更高水平的驾驶员需求扭矩以便从该十字路口处继续前进。进一步地,在十字路口具有可用的全部传动系扭矩以便驾驶员可以不经历涉及发动机重启的任何扭矩延迟是可期望的。全部传动系扭矩的可用性是可以期望的,以避免与经过该十字路口的其他交通车辆的相互作用。因此,可期望的是,当车辆接近十字路口时,甚至在缺乏高驾驶员需求扭矩的情况下,重启发动机。在确定车辆是否正接近十字路口后,方法400继续进行到422。此外,如果车辆正在接近或在十字路口范围内,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在422处,方法400确定车辆速度是否大于阈值速度。由于DISG扭矩在较高的传动系转速下被减小,所以车辆速度可以指示即将来临的发动机启动。结果,可能必须启动发动机以实现甚至更高的车辆速度。进一步地,当车辆速度增加时,空气动力损失可以指数地增加,从而可能需要甚至更高的传动系扭矩水平来实现更高的车辆速度。至少由于这些原因,车辆速度可以作为随后期望额外的传动系扭矩和发动机启动的指示符。在确定车辆速度之后,方法400继续进行到424。此外,如果车辆速度大于阈值速度,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在424处,方法400确定是否驾驶员希望所有的发动机启动成为快速发动机启动,发动机在快速发动机启动中采用经由传动系断开离合器从DISG转移到发动机的扭矩被加速到DISG转速。驾驶员可以通过操作者界面例如按钮或显示面板请求所有的发动机启动为快速发动机启动。在确定驾驶员是否正请求所有的发动机启动为快速发动机启动之后,方法400继续进行到430。此外,如果确定驾驶员希望所有的发动机启动成为快速发动机启动,则变量被设置为数值1,否则变量为数值0。
在430处,方法400判断任一条件是否在404-424处存在。如果是,则答为是并且方法400继续进行到432。否则,方法400继续进行到440。
替换地或另外地,方法400可以根据在404-424处的条件的检测来调整DISG扭矩储备量。在一个示例中,DISG扭矩储备是当前DISG转速下的DISG扭矩容量(例如,最大DISG输出扭矩)减去当前DISG转速下的DISG扭矩输出。扭矩储备基于在404-424处确定的条件可以被降低。例如,当DISG扭矩储备根据DISG的扭矩容量减去当前DISG扭矩输出被确定为100NM时,如果在404处确定道路坡度大于阈值,则可以将DISG扭矩储备减小到70NM。然后,可以将DISG扭矩储备与阈值DISG扭矩储备对比。如果调整后的DISG扭矩储备小于或等于阈值DISG扭矩储备,则在430答复为是并且方法400继续进行到432。否则,答复为否并且方法400继续进行到440。对于404-424确定的条件,提供了对DISG扭矩储备的相似调整。
在432处,方法400关闭传动系断开离合器并且足以将发动机加速到DISG转速的扭矩由传动系断开离合器转移到发动机以便快速启动发动机。这可以被认为是较高的起动转动扭矩。进一步地,DISG扭矩输出在经由传动系断开离合器将扭矩从DISG转移到发动机时可以被增加以维持DISG转速。发动机扭矩可以或不可以被调整以帮助发动机快速运行到DISG转速。当传动系断开离合器开始关闭并且将发动机加速到DISG转速时,方法400继续进行到434。
在434处,方法400供应燃料和火花以加速发动机。根据发动机方位和发动机燃烧次序来供应火花和燃料。在已经激活发动机火花和燃料之后,方法400继续进行到436。
在436处,方法400经由扭矩驱动器调整发动机扭矩来满足发动机需求扭矩。发动机需求扭矩可以基于驾驶员需求扭矩。在一个示例中,驾驶员需求扭矩可以部分地或全部地要求发动机。进一步地,驾驶员需求扭矩可以部分地要求DISG。在经由发动机和/或DISG请求驾驶员需求扭矩之后,方法400继续进行以退出。
在440处,方法400滑动传动系断开离合器,以便将足以以起动转动转速旋转发动机的扭矩从DISG提供给发动机,以克服压缩扭矩但是不足以将发动机加速到DISG转速。例如,可以以低压起动机起动转动发动机的转速(例如,250RPM)起动转动发动机。在发动机开始加速到起动转动转速之后,方法400继续进行到442。
在442处,方法400供应燃料和火花以加速发动机。根据发动机方位和发动机燃烧次序来供应火花和燃料。在已经激活发动机火花和燃料之后,方法400继续进行到444。
在444处,方法400调整DISG扭矩,以便满足驾驶员需求扭矩并且提供由传动系断开离合器转移的扭矩以起动转动发动机。由传动系断开离合器提供给发动机的扭矩小于432处提供给发动机的扭矩。在调整DISG扭矩之后,方法400继续进行到446。
在446,方法400调整发动机扭矩以将发动机加速到DISG转速。发动机扭矩可以经由例如燃料喷射器和/或节气门的扭矩驱动器而被调整,从而发动机实现DISG转速。由于经由传动系断开离合器转移给发动机的扭矩不足以将发动机加速到DISG转速,所以调整发动机扭矩。替换地,响应于发动机燃烧的指示,可以降低传动系断开离合器关闭力或压力。在调整发动机扭矩之后,方法400继续进行到448。
在448处,方法400判断发动机转速是否在DISG转速的阈值转速(例如,50RPM)内。如果是,则答复为是并且方法400继续进行到450。否则,答复是否并且方法400返回到444。
在450处,传动系断开离合器压力被增加以便完全关闭传动系断开离合器。关闭传动系断开离合器将使发动机扭矩被传递到车辆车轮。在传动系断开离合器压力开始增加之后,方法400继续进行到452。
在452处,方法400经由扭矩驱动器调整发动机扭矩以满足发动机需求扭矩。发动机需求扭矩可以基于驾驶员需求扭矩。在一个示例中,驾驶员需求扭矩可以部分地或全部要求发动机。进一步地,驾驶员需求扭矩可以部分地要求DISG。在经由发动机和/或DISG请求驾驶员需求扭矩之后,方法400继续进行以退出。
用这种方式,通过将发动机加速到DISG转速来快速启动发动机,或者通过将发动机加速到起动转动转速来慢速启动发动机是可能的。在快速启动期间提供给发动机的扭矩大于在慢速启动期间提供给发动机的扭矩。快速启动发动机可以比如果慢速启动发动机更快地将发动机扭矩转移给传动系。进一步地,各种工况可以为判断发动机是否应该快速启动或慢速启动的基础。
因此,图4中的方法提供了一种传动系方法,其包括:估计传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备;响应于传动系集成起动机/发电机储备少于阈值,供应第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及响应于传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备大于阈值,供应不同于第一扭矩的第二扭矩以启动发动机。该方法包含其中传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备是当前传动系转速下的传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备的扭矩容量减去当前传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备输出扭矩。
在一些示例中,该方法进一步包括响应转向角度减小传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。该方法进一步包括响应车辆质量减小传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。该方法进一步包括响应道路坡度减小传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。该方法进一步包括响应车辆速度大于非零速度阈值减小传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。该方法进一步包括响应牵引拖车的指示减小传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。该方法包含其中第一扭矩足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。该方法包含其中第二扭矩不足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。
图4中的方法还提供了一种传动系方法,其包括:响应道路的第一状况,供应第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及响应道路的第二状况,供应不同于第一扭矩的第二扭矩以启动发动机。该方法包含其中第一扭矩足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。该方法包含其中第二扭矩不足以将发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速。该方法还包含其中道路状况是道路坡度。该方法包含其中道路状况是抵达十字路口。该方法还包括其中十字路口是轨道道路十字路口。该方法还包含其中道路状况是道路粗糙度值。
本领域内普通技术人员将会意识到,图4中所述的方法可以表示一种或多种任意数量的处理策略,例如事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等。因此,所说明的各种步骤或功能可以用说明的顺序、并行地或在某些情况中被省略地进行。同样,处理次序没有必要要求以实现本文所述的目标、特征以及优点,但是其被提供以便说明和描述。尽管未明确说明,但是本领域内技术人员将会认识到所说明步骤或功能中的一个或多个可以被重复地进行,这取决于所使用的具体策略。进一步地,所述的行为、操作、方法和/或功能可以被图解地表示成代码以便被编进发动机控制系统内计算机可读存储介质的非临时性存储器内。
本说明书到此结束。本领域技术人员通过阅读将会想到许多替换和修改而不离开本说明书的实质和范围。例如,以天然气、汽油、柴油或可替换燃料配置操作的I3、I4、I5、V6、V8、V10以及V12发动机可以使用本说明书以获益。

Claims (8)

1.一种传动系方法,其包括:
估计传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备;
响应于所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备小于阈值,供应足以将发动机加速到所述传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速的第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及
响应于所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备大于所述阈值,供应不足以将所述发动机加速到所述传动系集成起动机/发电机的所述转速的第二扭矩以启动所述发动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备是当前传动系转速下的所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备的扭矩容量减去当前传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备输出扭矩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于转向角度减小所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于车辆质量减小所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于道路坡度减小所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于车辆速度大于非零速度阈值而减小所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包括响应于牵引拖车的指示减小所述传动系集成起动机/发电机扭矩储备。
8.一种传动系方法,其包括:
响应于道路的第一状况,供应第一扭矩以启动发动机;以及
响应于所述道路的第二状况,供应不同于所述第一扭矩的第二扭矩以启动所述发动机,所述第一扭矩足以将所述发动机加速到传动系集成起动机/发电机的转速,所述第二扭矩不足以将所述发动机加速到所述传动系集成起动机/发电机的所述转速。
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US20170320486A1 (en) 2017-11-09
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US9731710B2 (en) 2017-08-15

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