CN105383484B - 发动混合动力车辆的方法和系统 - Google Patents
发动混合动力车辆的方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105383484B CN105383484B CN201510507706.1A CN201510507706A CN105383484B CN 105383484 B CN105383484 B CN 105383484B CN 201510507706 A CN201510507706 A CN 201510507706A CN 105383484 B CN105383484 B CN 105383484B
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Abstract
本发明涉及发动混合动力车辆的方法和系统。提出用于改善停止的混合动力车辆的发动的系统和方法。所述系统和方法调整马达速度以减少在车辆发动期间传动系齿轮之间明显冲击的可能性。在一个示例中,马达速度被调整到泵加压速度,其中传动系部件可以移动以减少在车辆发动期间传动系齿轮之间的冲击。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在所述混合动力车辆中的发动机和电机已经停止旋转之后用于从静止发动混合动力车辆的方法和系统。所述方法可以对于包括液力变矩器和自动变速器的混合动力车辆会特别有用。
背景技术
混合动力车辆可以包括电机和发动机。基于车辆的工况所述发动机可以选择性地被停止和启动。当所述发动机已经停止旋转来节约烃基燃料时,所述电机可以推动所述混合动力车辆。然而,当所述车辆保持激活时,在选定的时间终止所述电机的扭矩输出并停止所述电机的旋转也可能是期望的。例如,当所述混合动力车辆停止了很长一段时间时,停止电机旋转和扭矩输出也可能是期望的。所述电机可以被停止以节约存储在所述混合动力车辆上的电能。流至所述电机的电流可以被停止以停止所述电机。所以,在一些驾驶条件期间,可以同时节约烃基燃料和存储的电能。
然而,如果发动机和电机停止旋转,混合传动系内的齿面之间的空间可以打开。进一步,响应于在电机和发动机被停止期间缺乏变速器泵输出,如果所述车辆的变速器中的油压降低,那么齿轮离合器的应用可能得不到保持且离合器摩擦表面之间可能产生空间和/或作用力减少。如果响应于驾驶员需求或其他条件电机被加速到发动机怠速以启动所述发动机,那么车辆驾驶员可能注意到扭矩通过变速器传输到车辆车轮。特别地,所述驾驶员可能注意到在电机加速以提供所需的驾驶员需求扭矩时在传动系齿轮齿之间的齿轮离合器接合和冲击。因此,提供一种减少这种传动系扭矩扰动的可能性的方式将是可取的。
发明内容
发明人在此已经意识到上述缺点且已经开发了传动系方法,包括:响应于推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙(lash),将电机从零速调整到第一转速;响应推动车辆的请求,在实现第一转速之后调整电机到第二转速。
通过以提供压力来满足液力变矩器和关闭齿轮离合器的速度旋转所述电机,但这是足够慢地来通过变速器限制扭矩传递,提供减少齿轮之间的冲击和减少传动系扭矩扰动的技术成果是可能的。具体地,所述电机转速可以从零速增加到第一转速,在所述第一转速,变速器泵加压传动液到足以开始关闭齿轮离合器的水平且允许扭矩从所述液力变矩器叶轮被传输到液力变矩器涡轮。第一转速可以是所述液力变矩器效率小于阈值效率的转速或者液力变矩器传输的扭矩小于扭矩阈值量的转速。这样,在足以移动车辆的扭矩量通过所述传动系被传递之前,少量的扭矩可以通过所述变速器被传递来减少接合表面之间的缝隙。所以,传动系传扭矩扰动的可能性可以被降低。
在另一个实施例中,一种传动系方法包括:响应请求,停止发动机和电机旋转;响应电池荷电状态和所述请求,打开或关闭传动系断开离合器;响应推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙,将电机转速从零速调整到第一转速且打开传动系断开离合器;以及响应推动车辆的请求,在实现所述第一转速之后调整电机为发动机怠速。
在另一个实施例中,响应电池荷电状态大于阈值电池荷电状态,所述传动系断开离合器被打开。
在另一个实施例中,响应电池荷电状态小于阈值电池荷电状态,所述传动系断开离合器被关闭。
在另一个实施例中,所述方法进一步包括响应传动系间隙的指示,打开所述传动系断开离合器。
在另一个实施例中,所述方法进一步包括响应齿轮离合器没有被充分应用的指示,打开所述传动系断开离合器。
在另一个实施例中,经由从发动机转速第一次达到零时估计的传动系位置减去在接收到推动车辆的请求后估计的传动系位置来估计传动系间隙的量,而且其中响应传动系间隙的量超过阈值,电机的转速从零被调整到第一转速,而且其中响应传动系间隙量不超过阈值,电机的转速从零被调整到发动机怠速而不保持第一转速达预定持续时间。
在另一个实施例中,所述方法进一步包括从第一转速加速到发动机怠速。
在另一个实施例中,推动车辆的请求基于加速器位置。
在另一个实施例中,提供一种传动系系统。所述传动系系统包括:发动机、电机、被放置在所述发动机和所述电机之间的传动系断开离合器、以及包括可执行指令的控制器,所述可执行指令存储在非暂时存储器中用于响应于推动车辆的请求和齿轮离合器至少部分地打开而将电机从零速调整到第一转速。
在另一个实施例中,所述传动系系统进一步包括用于响应变速器泵的输出压力而使电机转度逐渐变化到第二转速的附加指令,。
在另一个实施例中,所述传动系系统进一步包括用于在所述电机实现第二转速之后关闭所述传动系的附加指令。
在另一个实施例中,当电机从零速被调整到第一转速时,传动系断开离合器打开。
在另一个实施例中,所述传动系系统进一步包括用于响应推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙将电机从零速调整到第一转速的附加指令。
本说明可以提供几个优点。例如,该方法可以减少传动系扭矩扰动。附加地,该方法可以减少传动系部件的磨损。进一步地,该方法可以改善对停止电机来改善车辆的效率的认可。
当单独或者结合附图根据以下具体实施方式,上述优点和其他优点,以及本描述的特征将是明显的。
应当理解,提供以上概述是为了以简化的形式介绍一些概念,这些概念在具体实施方式中被进一步描述。这并不意味着确定所要求保护的主题的关键或基本特征,要求保护的主题的范围由随附于具体实施方式的权利要求唯一地限定。此外,要求保护的主题不限于解决在上面或在本公开的任何部分中提及的任何缺点的实施方式。
附图说明
当单独或参考附图,通过阅读实施例的示例(这里指具体实施方式),此处所描述的优点将被更充分地理解,其中:
图1是发动机的示意图;
图2示出一种示例车辆传动系配置;
图3示出一种示例车辆发动序列;以及
图4示出一种改善车辆发动的示例方法。
具体实施方式
本说明涉及改善从停止的车辆发动。如图1所示的发动机可以包括在所述车辆中。进一步地,所述发动机可以被包括在如图2所示的混合动力车辆的传动系中。所述车辆可以以如图3所示的序列从停止状况发动。所述车辆可以包括包括根据图4的方法的指令的控制器。
参考图1,内燃发动机10包括多个汽缸,在图1中示出其中的一个汽缸,该内燃发动机10由电子发动机控制器12控制。发动机10包括燃烧室30和汽缸壁32,其中活塞36被定位在汽缸壁32中并且连接至曲轴40。飞轮97和环齿轮99被耦接到曲轴40。起动器96(例如,低电压(以小于30伏操作)电机)包括小齿轮轴98和小齿轮95。小齿轮轴98可选择性地推进小齿轮95来接合环齿轮99。起动器96可以被直接地安装到所述发动机的前部或者所述发动机的后部。在一些示例中,起动器96可以通过皮带或链条选择性地提供扭矩给曲轴40。在一个示例中,当不与发动机曲轴接合时,起动器96处于基础状态。燃烧室30被示出通过相应的进气门52和排气门54与进气歧管44和排气歧管48连通。每个进气门和排气门可以由进气凸轮51和排气凸轮53操作。进气凸轮51的位置可以由进气凸轮传感器55确定。排气凸轮53的位置可以由排气凸轮传感器57确定。
燃料喷射器66被示出经放置用于直接喷射燃料到汽缸30中,这被本领域技术人员称为直接喷射。可选地,燃料可以被喷射到进气道,这被本领域技术人员称为进气道喷射。燃料喷射器66输送与来自控制器12的脉冲宽度成比例的液态燃料。燃料通过包括燃料箱、燃料泵以及燃料轨(未示出)的燃料系统(未示出)被输送至燃料喷射器66。
另外,进气歧管44被示出与涡轮增压器压缩机162连通。轴161将涡轮增压器涡轮164机械地耦接到涡轮增压器压缩机162。可选电子节气门62调整节流板64的位置来控制从进气道42到压缩机162和进气歧管44的空气流量。在一个示例中,高压、双级燃料系统可以被用于产生较高的燃料压力。在一些示例中,节气门62和节流板64可以被放置在进气门52和进气歧管44之间使得节气门62是进气节气门。
无分电器点火系统88响应于控制器12经由火花塞92向燃烧室30提供点火火花。通用排气氧传感器(UEGO)126被示为耦接至催化转化器70上游的排气歧管48。可替代地,可以用双态排气氧传感器代替UEGO传感器126。
在一个示例中,转换器70能够包括多个催化剂砖。在另一个示例中,能够使用多个排放控制设备,每个具有多个砖。在一个示例中,转换器70能够是三元型催化剂。
控制器12在图1中被示为常规微型计算机,其包括:微处理器单元(CPU)102、输入/输出端口(I/O)104、只读存储器(ROM)106(例如,非临时性存储器)、随机存取存储器(RAM)108、保活存储器(KAM)110以及常规数据总线。控制器12被示为接收来自被耦接至发动机10的传感器的各种信号,除了上述那些信号之外,还包括:来自耦接到冷却套筒114的温度传感器112的发动机冷却液温度(ECT);耦接到加速器踏板130用于感测通过脚132应用的力的位置传感器134;耦接到制动踏板150用于感测通过脚152应用的力的位置传感器154;来自耦接到进气歧管44的压力传感器122的发动机歧管压力(MAP)的测量;来自感测曲轴40位置的霍尔效应传感器118的发动机位置传感器;来自传感器120的进入所述发动机的空气质量测量;以及来自传感器58的节气门位置的测量。大气压力也可以被感测到(未示出该传感器)用于由控制器12处理。在本说明的一个优选方面,发动机位置传感器118在每次曲轴回转时产生预定数量的等间隔的脉冲,由此能够确定发动机转速(RPM)。
在一些示例中,如图2所示的混合动力车辆中,所述发动机可以被耦接到电动马达/电池系统。进一步地,在一些示例中,可以采用其他的发动机配置,例如,柴油发动机。
在操作期间,发动机10内的每个汽缸通常经历四冲程循环:所述循环包括进气冲程、压缩冲程、膨胀冲程和排气冲程。一般地,在所述进气冲程期间,所述排气门54关闭且进气门52打开。空气通过进气歧管44被引入到燃烧室30,而且活塞36移动到所述汽缸的底部,以便增加燃烧室30内的体积。在活塞36靠近所述汽缸的底部且在其冲程结束(例如,当燃烧室30在其最大的体积时)的位置通常被本领域技术人员称为下止点(BDC)。在所述压缩冲程期间,进气门52和排气门54都关闭。活塞36朝所述汽缸盖移动以便压缩在所述燃烧室30内的所述空气。活塞36在其冲程结束且最接近所述汽缸盖的点(例如,当燃烧室30在其最小的体积时)通常被本领域技术人员称为上止点(TDC)。在下文中被称为喷射的过程中,燃料被引入到燃烧室。在下文中被称为点火的过程中,喷射的燃料被已知的点火装置如火花塞92点燃,导致燃烧。在所述膨胀冲程期间,膨胀的气体推动活塞36回到BDC。曲轴40将活塞运动转化为旋转轴的旋转扭矩。最后,在所述排气冲程期间,所述排气门54打开以释放燃烧的空气燃料混合物到排气歧管48且所述活塞返回到TDC。注意,上面所示仅仅作为示例,而且,进气门和排气门打开和/或关闭正时可以改变,如提供正的或负的气门重叠、延迟进气门关闭或各种其他示例。
图2是包括传动系200的车辆225的方框图。图2的所述传动系包括图1所示的发动机10。传动系200可以由发动机10提供动力。发动机10可以用图1中所示的发动机起动系统或者通过传动系集成起动器/发电机(DISG)240起动。DISG 240(例如,高电压(以大于30伏操作)电动机)也可以被称为电机、马达和/或发电机。进一步地,发动机10的扭矩可以通过扭矩执行器204调整,所述扭矩执行器204如燃料喷射器、节气门,等等。
发动机输出扭矩可以通过双质量飞轮215被传输到传动系断开离合器236的输入侧。断开离合器236可以是电力或液压驱动的。如果断开离合器236是液压驱动的,泵213供给工作流体(例如,油)到传动系断开离合器236。泵213可以被合并到液力变矩器206或变速器208中,而且泵213旋转以供给加压(pressurized)的工作流体到传动系断开离合器236和离合器210-211。泵213是机械驱动的且当轴214旋转时其旋转以对工作流体增压。泵213的出口的压力可以通过压力传感器214确定。断开离合器236下游侧被示出机械地耦接到DISG输入轴237。
可以操作DISG 240来为传动系200提供扭矩或者将传动系扭矩转换为电能存储在电能存储设备275中。DISG 240比图1所示的起动器96具有更高的输出扭矩能力。进一步地,DISG直接地驱动传动系200或者被传动系200直接地驱动。这里没有皮带、齿轮或链条来将DISG240耦接到传动系200。相反地,DISG以与传动系200相同的速率旋转。电能存储设备275(例如,高电压电池或电源)可以是电池,电容器或电感器。DISG 240下游侧通过轴241被机械地耦接到液力变矩器206的叶轮285。DISG 240上游侧被机械地耦接到所述断开离合器236。
液力变矩器206包括涡轮286来输出扭矩到输入轴270。输入轴270将液力变矩器206机械地耦接到自动变速器208。液力变矩器206也包括液力变矩器旁路锁止离合器212(TCC)。当TCC被锁定时,扭矩被直接从叶轮285传递到涡轮286。TCC由控制器12电动操作。可选地,TCC可以是液压锁定的。在一个示例中,所述液力变矩器可以被称为所述变速器的部件。
当液力变矩器锁止离合器212完全脱离时,液力变矩器206通过液力变矩器涡轮286和液力变矩器叶轮285之间的流体传递将发动机扭矩传输到自动变速器208,从而使扭矩倍增。与此相反,当液力变矩器锁止离合器212完全接合时,发动机输出扭矩通过液力变矩器离合器直接被传递到变速器208的输入轴(未示出)。可选地,所述液力变矩器锁止离合器212可以被部分地接合,从而使扭矩的量直接地转送到将要调整的所述变速器。所述控制器12可以经配置用于通过响应于各种发动机工况而调整液力变矩器锁止离合器或者基于基于驾驶员的发动机操作请求来调整由液力变矩器212传输的所述扭矩的量。
自动变速器208包括齿轮离合器(例如,齿轮1-6)211和前进离合器210。所述齿轮离合器211(例如,1-10)和所述前进离合器210可以选择性地被接合来推动车辆。自动变速器208的扭矩输出可以依次被转送到车轮216以通过输出轴260推动所述车辆。特别地,在将输出驱动扭矩传输给所述车轮216之前,响应于车辆行进状况,自动变速器208可以在所述输入轴270传递输入驱动扭矩。
进一步地,通过接合车轮制动器218可以应用摩擦力到车轮216。在一个示例中,响应驾驶员的脚踩踏制动踏板(未示出),车轮制动器218可以被接合。在另一些示例中,控制器12或连接到控制器12的控制器可以应用接合车轮制动器。同样地,响应于驾驶员从制动踏板释放他的脚,通过脱离车轮制动器218来减少到车轮216的摩擦力。进一步地,车辆制动器可以通过控制器12应用摩擦力到车轮216,这作为发动机自动停止程序的部分。
控制器12可以经配置用于从发动机10接收输入,如图1中更详细示出的,而且相应地控制所述发动机的扭矩输出和/或者液力变矩器、变速器、DISG、离合器和/或制动器的操作。作为一个示例,可以通过调整火花正时、燃料脉冲宽度、燃料脉冲正时和/或空气充气的组合,通过控制节气门开度和/或气门正时、气门升程以及涡轮增压发动机或机械增压发动机的增压,控制发动机扭矩输出。在柴油机的情况下,控制器12可以通过控制燃料脉冲宽度、燃料脉冲正时和空气充气的组合来控制发动机扭矩输出。在所有情况下,发动机控制可以在逐缸的基础上执行来控制所述发动机扭矩输出。如在本领域已知的,控制器12还可以通过调整流至场和/或DISG的电枢绕组的电流和调整来自场和/或DISG的电枢绕组的电流,控制扭矩输出和DISG的电能生产。
当满足怠速停止条件时,控制器12可以通过关闭至发动机的燃料和火花来发起发动机停机。然而,在一些示例中,所述发动机可以继续旋转。进一步地,为了维持变速器中的扭力量,所述控制器12可以使变速器208的旋转元件与所述变速器的壳体259接触,并从而接触车辆的车架。当满足发动机重新启动条件时,和/或车辆操作员想要发动车辆时,控制器12可以通过起动转动发动机10和恢复汽缸燃烧来重新激活发动机10。
因此,图1和图2的系统提供一种传动系系统,其包括:发动机;电机;放置在所述发动机和所述电机之间的传动系断开离合器;以及包括存储在非临时存储器中的可执行指令的控制器,所述指令用于响应推动车辆的请求和至少部分打开的齿轮离合器将电机从零速调整到第一转速。所述传动系系统进一步包括用于响应变速器泵的输出压力而使所述电机转速逐渐变化到第二转速的附加指令。所述传动系系统进一步包括用于在所述电机实现所述第二转速之后关闭所述传动系的附加指令。所述传动系系统包括当所述电机从零速被调整到所述第一转速时,其中所述传动系断开离合器打开。所述传动系系统进一步包括用于响应推动所述车辆的请求和传动系间隙而将所述电机从零速调整到所述第一转速的附加指令。
现在参考图3,根据图4的方法示出几种车辆发动序列。执行图4的方法的图3的序列可以由图1和2的系统提供。
自图3的顶部的第一条曲线图是电机(DISG)转速随时间变化的曲线图。DISG转速沿Y轴线箭头方向增加。X轴线表示时间且时间从图3的左侧向图3的右侧增加。Y轴线表示转速且转速沿Y轴线箭头方向增加。
自图3的顶部的第二条曲线图是液力变矩器涡轮转速随时间变化的曲线图。Y轴线表示液力变矩器涡轮转速且液力变矩器转速沿Y轴线箭头方向增加。X轴线表示时间且时间从图3的左侧向图3的右侧增加。
自图3的上方的第三条曲线图是车轮扭矩随时间变化的曲线图。Y轴线表示车轮扭矩且车轮扭矩沿Y轴线箭头方向增加。X轴线表示时间且时间从图3的左侧向图3的右侧增加。
自图3的顶部的第四条曲线图是变速器齿轮状态随时间变化的曲线图。Y轴线表示变速器齿轮状态且当齿轮状态迹线靠近所述Y轴线箭头时变速器齿轮被完全接合。当所述齿轮状态迹线靠近所述X轴线时变速器齿轮没有被完全接合。可以通过供给到齿轮离合器的油的压力来确定齿轮状态。所述变速器齿轮状态表示所有变速器前进齿轮(例如,齿轮1-10)的状态。因此,如果齿轮1或齿轮6被完全应用,那么所述齿轮状态是在高水平。然而,在这个具体示例中,只有1号齿轮被激活或者没有被激活以改善序列说明。X轴线表示时间且时间从图3的左侧向图3的右侧增加。
自图3的顶部的第五条曲线图是传动系操作模式随时间变化的曲线图。在蠕变模式或在转速/扭矩控制模式,传动系可以被关闭。当所述传动系模式被关闭时,所述发动机和所述DISG在其自身动力下被停止且不旋转。当所述传动系在转速/扭矩模式时,所述发动机和/或所述DISG可以处于转速或扭矩控制状态。在转速模式,当DISG和/或发动机扭矩被允许改变时,DISG和/或发动机转速被控制到期望转速。当所述传动系操作模式迹线在所述X轴线和所述Y轴线箭头之间的中间水平时,所述发动机和/或DISG可以在蠕变模式。当所述传动系操作模式迹线在靠近所述Y轴线箭头、处于更高水平时,所述发动机和/或DISG可以在转速/扭矩模式。当所述传动系操作模式迹线在靠近所述X轴线、处于较低的水平时,所述发动机和/或DISG可以被关闭。所述Y轴线表示传动系模式。所述X轴线表示时间且时间从图3的左侧向图3的右侧增加。
在T0时刻,所述DISG转速处于中等偏下水平且所述液力变矩器涡轮转速处于较低水平。所述车轮扭矩是零且第一齿轮被接合。所述传动系操作模式是其中发动机和/或DISG可以响应到车辆加速器踏板的驾驶员需求扭矩输入的转速/扭矩。这样的情况可以暗示何时车辆因为交通指挥灯或其他这样类似情况被停止。
在T1时刻,响应所述传动系操作模式转变为关闭状态,所述DISG转速朝零速减小。当所述车辆静止时且当驾驶员需求扭矩低时,所述传动系操作模式可以由控制器转变为关闭状态以响应请求,从而减少能量消耗。响应所述DISG转速降低,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速也被减少。响应所述液力变矩器涡轮转速被减小,所述车轮扭矩朝零减小。进一步地,如果所述驾驶员需求扭矩在稍后的时间增加,所述齿轮仍然在接合的状态以便扭矩可以被应用于所述车辆的车轮。
在T1时刻和T2时刻之间,齿轮状态从接合转变为脱离。如果传动液体管路中的压力随时间衰减,那么变速器齿轮可以从完全接合状态改变为脱离状态或者部分接合的状态。在一个示例中,基于供给到所述离合器的油的压力可以确定传动管路压力或离合器压力且可以调整所述齿轮状态。在该示例中,供给到所述离合器的所述油压随时间衰减导致所述齿轮状态从接合改变为脱离。类似地,因为当所述传动系操作模式被关闭时,这两种扭矩源不向传动系施加正扭于,所以在所述发动机和DISG停止之后,会产生间隙(例如,齿轮接触表面之间的空间)。
在T2时刻,所述传动系操作模式从关闭转变为蠕变。在蠕变中,小扭矩从所述发动机或DISG被传输到所述液力变矩器叶轮来推动处于低速(例如,小于8KPH)的车辆。响应驾驶员释放制动踏板且不应用加速器或小幅踩加速器,所述传动系可以进入蠕变。响应所述传动系模式转变为蠕变,所述DISG转速增加到第一转速。所述第一转速可以是变速器增压转速、最低液力变矩器叶轮转速,在最低液力变矩器叶轮转速下,变速器泵在预定泵流率下以足以充满液力变矩器和/或关闭变速器齿轮离合器的期望压力泵出传动液。进一步地,所述DISG以传动效率小于阈值效率的速度或者以液力变矩器在当前液力变矩器涡轮转速下传递小于阈值扭矩量的扭矩的变速器叶轮转速旋转所述变速器叶轮。DISG转速的增加增加变速器泵输出压力,从而允许如由所述齿轮状态转变为更高的水平所指示的所述液力变矩器填充且所述齿轮离合器完全关闭。所述液力变矩器涡轮转速开始缓慢增加,允许小量的扭矩被传输到所述变速器输入轴,从而开始增加车轮扭矩。以此方式,在移动所述车辆的足够的扭矩被传递到车辆的车轮之前,齿轮之间的空间(例如齿轮间隙)和齿轮摩擦表面之间的空间可以被减小。
在时刻T2和T3之间,DISG转速被增加到第二转速。在该示例中,所述第二转速可以是所需的发动机怠速。在达到DISG停止速度之后,在第一DISG转速之后的预定量时间之后,所述DISG转速可以被增加。可选地,响应间隙被减小和/或者所述齿轮离合器被充分应用的指示,DISG转速可以被增加。当供给到所述齿轮离合器的流体压力是预定压力时,可以确定所述齿轮离合器被完全应用。基于传动系位置的改变,可以确定间隙减小。例如,变速器的输出轴可以旋转几度。响应所述DISG转速增加,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速增加,而且响应DISG转速的增加,所述车轮扭矩增加。所述齿轮保持完全接合且所述传动系操作模式保持处于蠕变。
在时刻T3,响应驾驶员需求扭矩的增加(未示出),所述传动系操作模式转变到转速/扭矩控制模式。响应驾驶员需求扭矩的增加,所述DISG转速增加,且响应DISG转速(注意,由于所述DISG被耦接到所述液力变矩器叶轮,所以DISG转速等于液力变矩器叶轮转速)的增加,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速增加。当液力变矩器涡轮转速增加时,所述齿轮保持接合且车轮扭矩增加。
在时刻T4,所述驾驶员需求扭矩被减少且所述车辆被停止(未示出)。响应所述车辆被停止(未示出),发起停止DISG旋转的请求。响应停止所述DISG旋转的请求,所述DISG转速被减少到零。响应所述DISG转速正被降低,液力变矩器涡轮转速和车轮转速也被降低。所述齿轮保持接合以防驾驶员需求增加,使得所述车辆可以更及时地发动。响应停止DISG旋转的请求,所述传动系操作模式从转速/扭矩转变到关闭。
在时刻T4和时刻T5之间,所述齿轮状态从接合转变到脱离。其他的车辆条件保持在其相同的水平。
在时刻T5,所述传动系操作模式转变到蠕变模式。响应释放制动踏板,所述传动系操作模式可以转变到蠕变。所述DISG转速被增加到第一转速。响应周围环境、变速器油温和其他条件,所述第一转速可以与在时刻T2的第一转速相同或者所述第一转速可以被调整。所述第一转速可以是变速器增压转速、最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速,在最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速下,变速器泵在预定泵流率下以足以充满液力变矩器和/或关闭变速器齿轮离合器的期望压力泵出传动液。进一步地,所述DISG以传动效率小于阈值效率的转速或者以液力变矩器以当前的液力变矩器涡轮转速传输小于阈值扭矩量的扭矩的变速器叶轮转速旋转所述变速器叶轮。DISG转速的增加增加变速器泵输出压力,从而允许如由所述齿轮状态转变为更高的水平指示的液力变矩器填充且是所述齿轮离合器完全关闭。响应DISG转速的增加,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速开始增加。响应所述液力变矩器涡轮转速的增加,所述车轮扭矩开始增加,而且响应所述DISG转速达到所述第一转速,所述齿轮状态从没有接合改变为接合。
在时刻T5和时刻T6之间,所述DISG转速被增加到第二转速(例如,期望发动机怠速)。在达到DISG停止之后,在第一DISG转速之后的预定量时间之后,所述DISG转速可以被增加。可选地,响应间隙减小和/或所述齿轮离合器被完全应用的指示,DISG转速可以被增加。所述齿轮保持完全接合且所述传动系操作模式保持在蠕变。
在时刻T6,响应应用所述制动,所述驾驶员重新应用制动(未示出)且所述传动系操作模式转变到关闭。响应所述传动系操作模式转变为关闭,DISG转速被减少到零。响应所述DISG转速被减少到零,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速被减少到零,而且由于所述液力变矩器涡轮转速被减少到零,所述车轮扭矩被减少到零。所述车轮保持在接合状态。
在时刻T7,响应驾驶员需求扭矩的增加,所述传动系操作模式转变为转速/扭矩模式(未示出)。所述DISG转速被增加到第一转速。所述第一转速可以是变速器增压转速、最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速,在最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速下,变速器泵在预定泵流率下以足以充满液力变矩器和/或关闭变速器齿轮离合器的期望压力泵出传动液。进一步地,所述DISG以传动效率小于阈值效率的转速或者以液力变矩器以目前的液力变矩器涡轮转速传输小于阈值扭矩量的扭矩的变速器叶轮转速旋转所述变速器叶轮。DISG转速的增加增加了变速器泵输出压力,允许如由所述齿轮状态转变为更高的水平指示的所述液力变矩器填充且所述齿轮离合器完全关闭。响应DISG转速的增加,所述液力变矩器涡轮转速增加。进一步地,所述车轮扭矩增加到小的正扭矩。所述齿轮保持接合。时刻T7后不久,所述DISG转变到第二转速。因为所述变速器齿轮保持接合且通过以所述第一转速操作所述DISG只占据了小量的间隙,所以DISG转变到第二转速早于在时刻T2从所述第一DISG转速转变到在时刻T2之后的所述第二DISG转速之间的时间差。
这样,在应用阈值量扭矩到所述传动系之前,通过减小齿轮间隙和完全接合变速器齿轮离合器来减少传动系扭矩扰动是可能的。所述阈值量扭矩可以是移动所述车辆从停止状态到移动状态的最小量扭矩。进一步地,所述DISG可以在第一转速被操作达不同的持续时间,以便在改变车辆工况期间可以提供平稳的车辆发动。
现在参考图4,示出发动混合动力车辆的方法。图4的所述方法可以提供如图3中所示的操作序列。此外,图4的所述方法可以作为存储在非临时存储器中的可执行指令包括在图1和图2的所述系统中。
在402,方法400判断是否有停止发动机旋转的请求。可以由控制器响应车辆工况提出停止发动机旋转的请求。在一个示例中,响应在低车辆转速下的低驾驶员需求扭矩,所述发动机可以被请求停止。基于加速器踏板位置和车辆速度可以确定驾驶员需求扭矩。在低驾驶员需求扭矩期间通过停止发动机来节约燃料是可能的。如果方法400判断发动机停止请求存在,答案为是且方法400进入到404。否则,答案为否且方法400前进到408。
在404,方法400打开所述传动系断开离合器以将所述发动机从DISG分离。将所述发动机从DISG分离允许DISG旋转而无需提供扭矩来旋转所述发动机和推动所述车辆。在所述传动系断开离合器开始打开之后,方法400前进到406。
在406,方法400停止将火花和燃料输送到所述发动机且发动机停止旋转。在一些示例中,火花和燃料输送可以停止预定次数以改善发动机停止旋转时的位置控制。在向发动机的火花和燃料输送被停止之后,方法400前进到408。
在408,判断是否有停止电机或DISG旋转的请求。在其中驾驶员需求扭矩小于阈值扭矩的车辆停止期间或者在其他条件期间,所述DISG可以被请求停止旋转。由于所述DISG被耦接到所述液力变矩器叶轮,如果所述DISG停止旋转,那么所述液力变矩器叶轮不旋转。如果需要,通过打开所述传动系断开离合器,所述发动机可以继续旋转。如果方法400判断有停止DISG的请求,那么答案为是且方法400进入到412。否则,答案为否且方法400前进到410。
在410,响应驾驶员需求扭矩和其他车辆条件,方法400操作所述DISG和/或发动机。例如,所述DISG和/或发动机可以以扭矩控制模式运转,在扭矩控制模式下,DISG和/或发动机扭矩允许改变,同时DISG和/或发动机扭矩被调整以满足期望扭矩。可选地,所述DISG和/或发动机可以以转速控制模式运转,在所述转速控制模式下,DISG和/或发动机转速被控制到期望转速而且DISG和/或发动机扭矩允许改变。在根据驾驶员需求扭矩和车辆条件操作DISG和/或发动机之后,方法400退出。
在412,方法400判断电池荷电状态(SOC)是否小于(L.T.)阈值SOC。在一些示例中,针对各种车辆工况,所述阈值SOC会改变。例如,较低环境温度下的所述阈值SOC可以大于较高环境温度下的阈值SOC。如果方法400判断电池SOC小于阈值,那么答案为是且方法400前进到430。否则,答案为否且方法400前进到416。
在414,通过终止流至所述DISG的电流,方法400停止DISG旋转。在终止提供电流至DISG之后,方法400前进到416。
在416,方法400打开所述传动系断开离合器。因为SOC是高的,所述传动系断开离合器被打开,而且当驾驶员需求矩阵增加时可以预期所述发动机不需要被立即重新启动。在所述传动系断开离合器开始打开之后,方法400前进到424。
在420,停止DISG旋转。通过终止电流流至所述DISG来停止DISG旋转。在流至所述DISG的电流终止之后,方法400前进到422。
在422,当DISG旋转恢复时,如果发动机停止,由于预期发动机将被重新启动,所以关闭传动系断开离合器。然而,如果所述传动系断开离合器打开以允许发动机继续燃烧空气燃料混合物,那么传动系断开离合器可以保持打开。
因此,当DISG旋转恢复给所述电池再充电时,基于预期或期望所述发动机重新启动或不重新启动,在所述DISG被停止的时候,所述传动系断开离合器可以被打开或关闭。通过关闭所述传动系断开离合器,在DISG停止旋转时,因为在启动发动机之前不必关闭所述DISG离合器,所以减少发动机的起动时间是有可能的。
在424,方法400开始从DISG旋转停止计时。在DISG旋转被停止的时间期间,时间量可以是用于确定离合器压力是否已经从油压的排出减少的基础。在一些示例中,由于所述DISG的停止,当所述变速器泵不旋转和激活时油压可以随时间减少。进一步地,方法400可以记录在所述DISG被停止时的传动系位置来预测或估计传动系间隙的存在。在记录DISG停止时间和传动系停止位置之后,方法400前进至426。
在426,方法判断是否请求DISG旋转使得所述车辆可以被推动。可以请求DISG旋转以响应驾驶员释放制动踏板和/或驾驶员应用所述加速器踏板超过预定量。如果方法400判断请求DISG旋转被请求,则答案为是且方法400前进到428。否则,答案为否且方法400返回到426。
在428,方法400判断当期望所述齿轮离合器完全接合时,传动系齿轮间隙和/或一个或更多个齿轮离合器是否未被接合。在一个示例中,方法400基于供给到所述齿轮离合器的油压判断齿轮离合器是否被接合。进一步地,方法400基于所述传动系的一个或更多个部分的位置改变判断是否有齿轮间隙。例如,方法400可以确定变速器输入轴和所述变速器输出轴的停止位置的改变来估计是否有齿轮间隙存在。在一个示例中,经由从发动机转速第一次达到零时估计的传动系位置减去在车辆不移动时接收到推动车辆的请求后估计的传动系位置,估计传动系间隙的量。响应传动系间隙的量超过阈值,所述电机的转速从零被调整到所述第一转速。进一步地,响应于所述传动系间隙的量没有超过阈值,所述电机的转速从零被调整到所述发动机怠速而不再保持处于第一转速达预定的时间。因此,如果传动系部件的位置已经改变超过阈值量,可以判断齿轮间隙存在。
如果方法判断齿轮间隙存在,答案为是且方法400前进到430。否则,答案为否且方法400前进到432。
在430,方法400根据一个或更多个条曲线从零速调整DISG转速以提供平稳的车辆发动。在一个示例中,DISG转速曲线加速DISG到第一转速,第一转速可以是变速器增压转速(例如,最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速,变速器泵以最低的液力变矩器叶轮转速在预定泵流率下以足以充满液力变矩器和/或关闭变速器齿轮离合器的期望压力泵出传动液)。进一步地,所述DISG以传动效率小于阈值效率的所述第一转速旋转所述变速器叶轮,或者所述第一转速可以是其中所述液力变矩器以当前的液力变矩器涡轮转速传递小于阈值量扭矩的变速器叶轮转速。
一旦所述DISG达到所述第一转速,所述DISG转速可以在所述第一转速保持不变直到预定的条件发生。例如,DISG转速可以保持在所述第一转速直到在所述变速器中的压力达到阈值水平。在所述变速器中的压力可以是泵出口压力、管路压力、离合器压力、或其他一些其他压力。可选地,所述DISG转速可以以限制(例如,保持变量为小于所述限制的值)液力变矩器输出扭矩小于阈值扭矩直到预定条件发生的速率进行加速。在一些示例中,方法400可以保持在所述第一转速或者保持在所述DISG转速加速速率直到多于一个条件发生。例如,方法400可以保持DISG转速在所述第一转速直到变速器泵输出压力达到阈值压力且直到所述变速器输入轴和/或输出轴位置改变预定量来指示传动系间隙已经被减小。
在一个或更多个预定条件发生之后,方法400可以加速DISG转速到期望的发动机怠速。所述DISG可以基于驾驶员需求扭矩加速转速。进一步地,在一些示例中,在车辆发动期间,DISG转速可以被加速到大于所述第一转速且小于期望的发动机怠速的第二转速来进一步控制传动系扭矩和间隙去除。可以根据车辆工况调整所述DISG曲线转速。例如,可以根据周围环境温度和变速器油温调整所述第一转速和/或第二转速。在DISG已经被调整到曲线转速之后,方法400前进到432。
在432,方法400调整DISG转速到蠕变转速(creep speed)或期望的发动机怠速。可选地,基于驾驶员需求扭矩,方法400可以以扭矩控制模式操作所述DISG。响应释放制动踏板和没有应用加速器踏板,所述DISG转速可以被调整到蠕变转速。响应于启动所述发动机的请求和驾驶员需求扭矩小于第一阈值扭矩,所述DISG转速可以被调整到期望的发动机怠速。当驾驶员需求扭矩大于第二阈值扭矩时,所述DISG可以以扭矩控制模式操作,所述第二阈值扭矩不同于所述第一阈值扭矩。此外,如果也请求发动机扭矩时,传动系断开离合器可以被关闭。在调整DISG转速和/或扭矩之后方法400退出。
以此方式,通过控制变速器泵出口压力,首先去除齿轮间隙和在齿轮离合器摩擦表面之间的空间,可以改善混合动力车辆的发动。进一步地,当去除齿轮间隙和在齿轮摩擦表面之间的空间的时候,从所述液力变矩器叶轮传递到所述液力变矩器涡轮的扭矩被控制,使得小于阈值量的扭矩(例如,扭矩小于移动车辆的扭矩)被传递,以便减少传动系扭矩扰动的可能性。一旦所述间隙和/或离合器摩擦表面之间的空间被减少,从液力变矩器叶轮传递到所述液力变矩器涡轮的扭矩可以基于驾驶员需求扭矩。
因此,图4的方法提供运转传动系方法,包括:响应推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙,将电机从零速调整到第一转速;响应推动车辆的请求,在实现所述第一转速之后调整所述电机到第二转速。所述方法包括其中当所述电机被调整到所述第一转速时发动机静止,而且其中所述第一转速是泵加压转速,而且其中所述泵加压转速是变速器泵在变速器中选定的位置以预定泵流率输出所需压力的最低转速。
在一些示例中,所述方法进一步包括响应齿轮离合器没有被完全应用,将电机从零速调整到所述第一转速,而且其中进一步响应泵的出口压力,所述电机被调整到所述第二转速。所述方法包括其中由于实现第一转速,电机被调整到所述第二转速以进一步响应非零预定时间量。所述方法包括其中第一转速小于第二转速。所述方法包括其中所述电机被保持在所述第一转速直到预定条件发生。所述方法包括其中所述电机从所述第一转速被加速到所述第二转速。
图4的方法还提供一种传动系方法,包括:响应请求,停止发动机和电机旋转;当停止电机旋转的时候,响应电池荷电状态和所述请求,打开或关闭传动系断开离合器;响应于推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙,将电机的转速从零速调整到第一转速且打开所述传动系断开离合器;以及响应推动车辆的请求,在实现所述第一转速之后调整电机至发动机怠速。所述方法包括其中响应电池荷电状态大于阈值电池荷电状态打开传动系断开离合器。所述方法包括其中响应电池荷电状态小于阈值电池荷电状态,关闭所述传动系断开离合器。
在一些示例中,所述方法进一步包括响应传动系间隙的指示,打开所述传动系断开离合器。所述方法进一步包括响应齿轮离合器没有被完全应用的指示打开所述传动系断开离合器。所述方法包括其中通过传动系位置估计传动系间隙。所述方法进一步包括从第一转速加速到所述发动机怠速。所述方法包括其中推动所述车辆的请求基于加速器位置。
如本领域的一个普通技术人员所理解的,图4描述的方法可以表示一个或者多个任意数量的处理策略,如事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程,诸如此类。同样,图示说明的各种步骤或功能可以以说明的顺序、并行地进行,或者在某些情况下被省略。同样,实现在本文描述的目标、特征和优点时,处理的顺序不是必须要求的,而是为了便于说明和描述。。虽然没有明确地说明,但是本领域的一个普通技术人员应认识到根据将使用的具体策略,说明的步骤或功能中的一个或更多个可以被反复地进行。进一步地,所描述的动作、操作、方法和/或功能可以图形地表示被编入发动机控制系统中的计算机可读存储介质的非临时性存储器内的代码。。
描述到此结束。本领域技术人员在阅读本说明书时,应当想到在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下的许多修改和变体。例如,使用天然气、汽油、柴油或替代燃料配置运转的I3、I4、I5、V6、V8、V10和V12发动机能够使用本描述的优点。
Claims (10)
1.一种传动系方法,其包括:
响应推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙,将电机从零速调整到第一转速;
响应推动所述车辆的所述请求,在实现所述第一转速之后调整所述电机到第二转速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中当所述电机被调整到泵加压转速时发动机静止,而且其中所述第一转速是泵加压转速,而且其中所述泵加压转速是变速器泵在变速器的选定位置以预定泵流率输出所期望的压力的最低转速。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括响应齿轮离合器没有被完全应用,将所述电机从零速调整到所述第一转速,而且其中进一步响应泵的出口压力,所述电机被调整到所述第二转速。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中进一步响应自从已经实现所述第一转速的非零预定时间量,所述电机被调整到所述第二转速。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一转速小于所述第二转速。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电机被保持在所述第一转速直到预定条件发生。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述电机从所述第一转速被逐渐变化到所述第二转速。
8.一种传动系方法,其包括:
响应请求,停止发动机和电机旋转;
响应电池荷电状态和所述请求,打开或关闭传动系断开离合器;
响应推动车辆的请求和传动系间隙,将所述电机的转速从零速调整到第一转速且打开所述传动系断开离合器;以及
响应推动所述车辆的请求,在实现所述第一转速之后调整所述电机到发动机怠速。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中响应电池荷电状态大于阈值电池荷电状态,所述传动系断开离合器被打开。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中响应电池荷电状态小于阈值电池荷电状态,所述传动系断开离合器被关闭。
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